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A to Z of American Women in Sports

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A to Z of American Women in Sports A to Z of Women A TO Z OF AMERICAN WOMEN IN SPORTS PAULA EDELSON For Cliff, with Love A to Z of American Women in Sports Copyright © 2002 by Paula Edelson All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher. For information contact: Facts On File, Inc. 132 West 31st Street New York NY 10001 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Edelson, Paula. A to Z of American women in sports/Paula Edelson. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8160-4565-8 1. Women athletes—United States—Biography—Encyclopedias. 2. Sports for women—United States. I. Title. GV697.A1 E28 2002 796′.082’092273—dc21 [B] 2001054735 Facts On File books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk quantities for businesses, associations, institutions, or sales promotions. Please call our Special Sales Department in New York at (212) 967-8800 or (800) 322-8755. You can find Facts On File on the World Wide Web at http://www.factsonfile.com Text design by Joan M. Toro and Cathy Rincon Cover design by Cathy Rincon Printed in the United States of America VB Hermitage 10987654321 This book is printed on acid-free paper. CONTENTS Author’s Note v Clement, Amanda 42 Hamill, Dorothy 101 Introduction vii Coachman, Alice 43 Hamm, Mia 103 Connolly, Maureen 45 Hansell, Ellen Ford 106 Entries: Cook, Willa McGuire 48 Haworth, Cheryl 107 Ackerman, Valerie 1 Cooper, Cynthia 49 Heiss, Carol 108 Akers, Michelle 2 Croteau, Julie 51 Henie, Sonja 109 Albright, Tenley 4 Curtis, Ann 53 Hill, Lynn 111 Ali, Laila 6 Decker Slaney, Mary 55 Holdsclaw, Chamique 113 Andersen, Lisa 8 DeFrantz, Anita 57 Holm, Eleanor 114 Ashford, Evelyn 9 De Varona, Donna 58 Houghton, Edith 115 Austin, Tracy 11 Devers, Gail 60 Hughes, Sarah 117 Babashoff, Shirley 13 Didrikson Zaharias, Babe 62 Hyman, Flo 120 Bauer, Sybil 14 Dragila, Stacy 65 Inkster, Juli 123 Bell, Judy 15 Driscoll, Jean 66 Jackson, Nell 125 Benoit Samuelson, Joan 16 Ederle, Gertrude 69 Jacobs, Helen 126 Berenson, Senda 17 Edwards, Teresa 71 Jennings, Lynn 128 Berg, Patty 18 Evans, Janet 72 Jones, Marion 129 Blair, Bonnie 20 Evert, Chris 74 Joyce, Joan 131 Blazejowski, Carol 22 Fernandez, Lisa 79 Joyner-Kersee, Jackie 132 Bleibtrey, Ethelda 23 Fleming, Peggy 80 Kamenshek, Dottie 137 Borders, Ila 24 Flowers, Vonetta 81 Kerrigan, Nancy 138 Brisco-Hooks, Valerie 26 Fraser, Gretchen 82 King, Betsy 141 Brough, Louise 28 Gera, Bernice 85 King, Billie Jean 142 Butcher, Susan 29 Gibb, Roberta 88 King, Micki 144 Capriati, Jennifer 33 Gibson, Althea 89 Krone, Julie 146 Carillo, Mary 34 Golden, Diana 92 Kuscsik, Nina 146 Carpenter-Phinney, Connie 35 Granato, Cammi 93 Kwan, Michelle 148 Caulkins, Tracy 36 Gregory, Ann Moore 95 Ladewig, Marion 151 Chadwick, Florence 38 Griffith Joyner, Florence 95 Lawrence, Andrea Mead 152 Chastain, Brandi 39 Guthrie, Janet 99 Leslie, Lisa 153 iii A TO Z OF AMERICAN WOMEN IN SPORTS Lieberman, Nancy 154 Postema, Pam 192 Torrence, Gwen 233 Lipinski, Tara 155 Rawls, Betsy 195 Trason, Ann 234 Lopez, Nancy 158 Retton, Mary Lou 196 Tyus, Wyomia 235 Lopiano, Donna 159 Richardson, Dot 198 Vare, Glenna 239 Ludtke, Melissa 160 Riddles, Libby 200 Wade, Margaret 241 Marble, Alice 163 Rigby, Cathy 201 Washington, Ora 242 McCormick, Pat 165 Riggin, Aileen 202 White, Nera 243 McCutcheon, Floretta 166 Riley, Dawn 203 White, Willye 244 Meagher, Mary Terstegge 167 Roberts, Robin 205 Whitworth, Kathy 245 Meyer, Debbie 168 Rudolph, Wilma 205 Williams, Esther 247 Meyers, Ann 168 St. James, Lyn 211 Williams, Venus, and Serena Miller, Cheryl 170 Saunders, Tricia 212 Williams 248 Mitchell, Jackie 172 Sears, Eleonora 213 Wills, Helen 250 Moore, Elisabeth 174 Seles, Monica 214 Woodard, Lynette 253 Muldowney, Shirley 175 Shain, Eva 216 Wright, Mickey 254 Murdoch, Margaret 176 Staley, Dawn 216 Yamaguchi, Kristi 257 Navratilova, Martina 177 Stephens, Helen 218 Young, Sheila 259 Nelson, Maud 181 Stone, Toni 220 Nyad, Diana 183 Street, Picabo 222 Recommended Sources on American Oakley, Annie 185 Strug, Kerri 223 Women in Sports 261 Oberg, Margo 186 Suggs, Louise 224 Entries by Sport 263 Outerbridge, Mary Ewing 187 Summitt, Pat Head 225 Entries by Year of Birth 265 Peppler, Mary Jo 189 Switzer, Katherine 227 Index 267 Pickett, Tidye, and Swoopes, Sheryl 228 Louise Stokes 190 Thompson, Jenny 231 iv AUTHOR’S NOTE hoosing the people to profile in this volume was 3) Diversity: I included a vast array of sports Ca difficult endeavor. Any woman who has (although the high-profile events do have attempted to play sports, and done so with some more entries), races, and chronological success, has almost certainly encountered and over- periods. come challenges. Under that criterion alone, dozens of women are worthy of mention; much to my Even with these categories in place, making my regret, I could not include all of them. In making my final decisions was extremely challenging. I offer a final selections, I set up the following parameters: sincere apology to those worthy women who were not profiled in this book. In addition, I suggest 1) The Greatest Athletes: I chose the best ath- that all interested readers consult the sources cited letes in a given sport—virtually every world in the bibliography at the end of the volume, not record holder and multiple Olympic cham- only to find out more about the figures profiled pion has been included. In addition, I gave here, but to learn about some of the women who preference to participants—several coaches were not. and administrators and journalist/broad- I end this author’s note with true regret: There casters have been profiled, but I have were several people who were highly deserving of devoted the great majority of entries to the inclusion in this book, but whom I did not include athletes themselves. because research regarding their lives was scant and 2) The Most Significant Trailblazers: I tried to sketchy. It is my great hope that at a future time I include as many true pioneers as I could find can find more resources on these individuals and in this book, to underscore the importance include them in an upcoming edition. of these courageous people to all female ath- letes—and indeed to all women. v INTRODUCTION he story of American women in sports is an Zaharias was one of the earlier women athlete T epic of struggle, of inequity, of frustration, and pioneers, but she was far from the only one. of triumph. There is no doubt that women in every Katherine Switzer, who yearned to run in the 1968 field have had to fight for recognition and opportu- Boston Marathon—then strictly a men’s-only nity; but if there is one profession that has been event—registered in the race as “K. Switzer,” and owned and dominated by men throughout Ameri- joined the other racers on the starting line. But can history, it has been athletics. Back in Senda about halfway through the race, Switzer, running Berenson’s time, it was thought that athletics were without a hood or a cap to hide her gender, was beyond the female capacity, and indeed dangerous spotted by the race director. The business suit–clad for the body. Against the backdrop of these limita- executive scooted through the mass of runners to tions, Berenson organized the first women’s basket- Switzer and then tried to yank off her race number. ball contest in 1892. Since that era, women in Switzer’s boyfriend, a competitive hammer thrower sports have pushed the boundaries of rules, beliefs, who was running with her, pushed the director and prejudices to succeed on their own terms and away from Switzer, who managed to finish the race. to pave the way for contemporary female athletes. Then there was Ann Meyers, who became the Breaking societal rules requires courage and first woman to attend a Division I program on a dedication, for it often has consequences. Babe basketball scholarship when she went to the Uni- Didrikson Zaharias, arguably the finest athlete of versity of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) in the first half of the 20th century, excelled in both 1974. Meyers was one of the early beneficiaries of individual and team sports. After starring on a cor- Title IX, the federal legislation that compelled all porate basketball team in 1930 and 1931, Didrik- universities receiving federal funding to offer equal son turned to track and field and went on to win opportunities to male and female students. A star two gold medals at the 1932 Olympics. Two athlete at UCLA, Meyers set another precedent decades later, she became the finest golfer on the five years later when she was invited to try out for women’s circuit. But in addition to her triumphs, the Indiana Pacers of the National Basketball Asso- Zaharias suffered her share of taunting. Members ciation (NBA). Meyers showed up for a Pacers of the media constantly commented on her less- practice, in spite of reproaches from Pacers coach than-feminine appearance; one columnist even Bob Leonard, who insisted that women were bet- ventured to say that he “didn’t know what to call ter off in the kitchen than on the basketball court. her—Miss, Mr., or It.” And perhaps most celebrated of all, Billie Jean vii A TO Z OF AMERICAN WOMEN IN SPORTS King withstood microscopic public attention and Croteau did go on to become the first woman to pressure when she played Bobby Riggs in the play on a men’s collegiate baseball team; she famed 1973 “Battle of the Sexes” tennis match.
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