PUB: 8 Item 3(28)1 OPEN DOOR 1958 ZINE OF THE SWINBURNE TECHNICAL COLLEGE This year's cover is the work of third-year art student, Barbara Patterson, it symbolises the Jubilee Year and the varied activities associated with the College. THE OPEN DOOR JUBILEE EDITION Entrance to Swinburne Technical College. At this site on 19th September, 1908, the foundation stone was laid by Sir Thomas Bent, Premier of Victoria. The stone, darker in colour, is the seventh down from the sign OFFICE. George Swinburne, founder of Swinburne Technical College. THE OPEN DOOR 1958

The Magazine of the Swinburne Technical College THE OPEN DOOR | CONTENTS

Foreword 5

Editorial 6

Introduction 7

Literary Section 8

Humour From The Past 83

General News 89

Personal Items 102

Clubs And Activities 112

Sport Record 123

Scholarship And Skill 131

For typing of the manuscript of this magazine thanks are extended to Barbara McKenzie, Lurline Archer, Valda Eliott, Marjorie Herbert, Pat Brown, Betty Solomon, Joan Brock, Estelle Hannah, Judith Winbanks and Margaret Reed. Miss Small, teacher-in-charge, is also thanked for her co-operation. FOREWORD

I respond very gladly to your invitation to contribute a short foreword to the Jubilee Magazine. Last year we had to choose a name for a new University in Victoria, and we chose the name Monash, which has been accepted as symbolising for a University, which will have the pro­ motion of the practical sciences as a main object, the qualities we wish to emerge from that University. John Monash was an illus­ trious example of a man who gave the community, to an unexcelled degree, the benefits of his intense application to scientific training and wide culture. At Swinburne, you take your name without any searching or question from a generous benefactor to your College, who was a great Victorian and who would have been a great man in any community. In his youth George Swinburne was an apprentice. He was trained to work skilfully and diligently with his hands. All his life he was concerned with practical things which had to be made and operated. His practical sense and his love of quality made his industrial and business life a success in every sense of the word. But George Swinburne is not to be remembered only, or prin­ cipally, as a successful and magnanimous man, who was deeply interested in your College. His gifts were given to his fellows without limit and without thought of reward. For him it was a duty to take part in public affairs, and he devoted his life to the service of the State. His practical sense and his desire to serve made him one of our greatest benefactors. His great work was the design and estab­ lishment of the State Rivers and Water Supply Commission, which was instrumental in bringing water to huge areas and has made a contribution which can never be measured. He was a great Minister of Agriculture. He was one of the original Commissioners of the State Elec­ tricity Commission. He was one of those responsible for the estab­ lishment of the C.S.I.R.O. He was always devoted to the cause of technical education. His life and his motives were always above question or challenge. We shall always be deeply in his debt for his work and his example. I hope that students at the College which bears his name will learn more of his life and that he will always be remembered as an inspiration. In the name Swinburne you have a real privilege. JOHN BLOOMFIELD, (Minister of Education, State of Victoria). 5 EDITORIAL

On a wet Saturday, fifty years ago, the foundation stone of Swinburne Technical College was laid by Sir Thomas Bent, Premier of Victoria. On March 9th, 1909, classes were opened for trade subjects. Seeing no need for a second technical school in the metro­ politan area, some doubted the worth of George Swinburne's venture. But from that day the size and scope have extended until the College is now an institution with two junior schools and senior schools in Art, Chemistry, Commerce, Engineering and Trade. Night and part-time classes also cater for a wide variety of academic, technical, commercial and cultural interests. In 1958 enrolments exceeded 5,000, and the main difficulty is an acute shortage of accommodation. In the pages that follow the divisions give a picture of the College and its many activities. As only a fraction of the available material can be reproduced, always the aim is to reflect what is general or representative — with one exception. This being the Jubilee Year, attention has been given to the past in thefirst portio n of the literary section. Much of this documentary material has been obtained from old magazines and other records. The result is an interesting and valuable account of thefirst years at the College and of early technical education in Victoria. More than ever, the 1958 issue is a students' magazine. Under­ lying this approach is the philosophy of the Principal that written expression is very important in technical schools. Thus, in a great variety of reports, paragraphs, articles and poems, students reflect their interests and opinions. In the process, they write the record of 1958 and reveal something of the Swinburne spirit. Once again many are to be thanked for their help in compila­ tion. There are occasional acknowledgments, but most of the keenest helpers — by choice — remain anonymous. This is the spirit respon­ sible for the production of the special Jubilee Edition. The contents are proof of a vital contribution to past and present Australia, a complete rebuttal of George Swinburne's critics. EDITORIAL COMMITTEE E. BUDGE J. KEANE W. FRICKER K. LEVENS (Miss) B. FLETCHER (Miss) L. PENDLEBURY B. HAMES (Vice-Principal) S. ROBERTSON A. JORDAN A. TYLEE (Principal) General Editor: C. SAUNDERS 6 INTRODUCTION

For Health, Wealth and Happiness In the year this College was founded the discovery of bakelite by a Belgian chemist gave a start to the modern plastics industry. In the same year an aeroplane crossed the English Channel for the first time; and a start was made in fitting four wheel brakes, inde­ pendent suspension and self starters to motor cars. A record of scientific discoveries and technical advances made since would read like a list of much that goes to make our lives comfortable or even possible: radio, motion pictures, air travel, electrical gadgets, modern highways, canned and frozen foods, surgical techniques and life saving drugs, to say nothing of automation, television, and atomic power. By training tradesmen, technicians and technologists for the last fifty years, this College has made its contribution to the health, wealth and happiness of Australia, and, indeed, of other parts of the world, as we discover when, from time to time, we receive letters from ex-students now engaged in technical work overseas. In training such people we have done all that is normally expected of a technical institute in providing specialised knowledge, techniques and skill. But over and above this, our College is unusual in at least two ways. Practical community life is ensured by the varying ages, origins and interests of the students, who are junior and senior, boys and girls; coming from homes adjacent to the College, from country towns, and from East Asia; having previously been in technical, high or registered schools and now pursuing, in the one College, courses in art, chemistry, commerce, engineering or one of the trades, and mixing on various class and social occasions. Then, again, this being a Council-controlled College, there is more permanence of staff than in Departmental Schools, so that through the tapestry of the College's history there run many golden threads of long, outstanding service given by members of staff ranging from caretaking to top administration. Such people have built up a tradi­ tion of personal interest in each student, a tradition which may be traced back to the spirit of the founder, the late Honourable George Swinburne. [The introduction to the Jubilee Edition has been written by the present Prin­ cipal of the College, Mr. A. F. Tylee, who was appointed in 1950. A reference to his work for the College appears on page 40. A pen portrait of the first Principal, Mr. J. R. Tranthim-Fryer (1908-1928), is given on pages 19-21; an article written by the second, Mr. F. W. Green (1928-1950), will be found on pages 21-25.—Ed.] LITERARY SECTION

ORIGINS OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION With the accumulation of more knowledge and the development of a greater perspective, it has become increasingly clear that the discovery of gold in Australia was an event of major importance — the dividing line between the simpler, pastoral economy of the early nineteenth century and the more complex, urban and highly indus­ trialised society of modern times. The finds of 1851 led immediately to new social problems of great magnitude; they provided much excitement, an era of rapid transition, during which attitudes for all classes were reorientated and redefined. However, the pre-gold period has three points of interest for the story of technical education: the spirit of trade unionism was alive; not all the assisted immigrants were docile or lacking a social consciousness; Mechanics' Institutes had been established. The latter owed their origin to George Birbeck, of Glasgow, Scotland. The germ of the idea came from a class formed by Birbeck for journeymen mechanics. But the scheme was not properly organised till 1824. The idea soon spread to Australia, Melbourne's first Mechanics' Institute being formed in 1839. In the years that followed Institutes played a large part in adult education in Australia. In addition to a library service, they often provided a wide range of lectures, including science and art. In 1879 the Sydney Mechanics' School of Arts founded a working men's college, and from this developed Sydney Technical College. Some Mechanics' Institutes are still in operation in Victoria. There is a continuity between the elements previously men­ tioned and later events, but the main impetus to general educational development in Victoria was the set of conditions prevailing after the disappearance of thefirst alluvia l gold. Communications — roads, railways and telegraphs — became important. The discovery of new minerals and further deposits of gold created additional activities. Agriculture was stimulated by mining. There was also the steady growth of native industries. As against 190,000 people in 1840, there were 405,000 people in Australia in 1850, 1,145,000 in 1860 and 2^4 millions by 1880. Already the people were beginning to help themselves in the matter of technical education. The first Melbourne Trades' Hall was opened in 1859, and early in the 'sixties it organized technical 8 Literary Section 9

classes. However, the Ballarat School of Mines and Industries is the oldest of all the technical schools. Messrs. Bickett, Wood and Lynch — men with interests in the new deep mining — took the initiative. Judge Roger drew up a draft constitution for the school. A lively interest was also shown by Mr. Justice (Sir Redmond) Barry. On the 26th October, 1870, the latter opened the school with an inaugural address. In the next few years more classrooms, a laboratory, a lecture hall and a steam-gauge testing tower were added. In the year 1886 the School opened an astronomical observatory. The fame of the institution rapidly grew; soon applications came from many fields, even as far as Kimberley, South Africa, for the supply of mine managers, engineers and persons skilled in the treatment of refractory ores. For the same reasons a School of Mines was also opened at Sandhurst (the modern Bendigo) in the 'seventies. From the 1880's the Victorian Parliament's grant of <£4,000 annu­ ally to technical education was equally divided between the Ballarat and Bendigo schools. Another significant achievement was the establishment of "free, secular and compulsory" education in Victoria, effective in 1873. It was urgently needed, the Royal Commission of 1866 having re­ ported that in rich Victoria there were a hundred thousand children untaught. As one Member put it in the relevant parliamentary debate, "there was no subject in which more are agreed than the necessity of giving education to the people." In other words, the social factors of the times produced an educational situation beyond the capacities of the systems available, which had grown out of enthusiastic denominational contributions. In the same period the trade union movement took up the ques­ tion of technical education. At the First Intercolonial Trades' Union Congress, held at Sydney in 1879, a Mr. J. Pottie read a paper on Encouragement of Native Industry with many references to technical education, which he described as "a factor in the category of agencies for the encouragement of native industry." One of his comments sounds familiar: "The young men and women spend more time over dancing, sports and politics than they do about a trade educa­ tion." Apparently the delegates wanted further information. By invita­ tion, two days later, a Mr. E. Dowling spoke directly on technical education. He began by referring favourably to Mechanics' Institutes, and said they were better able "to accomplish their requisite mission by the institution of a general scheme of Governmental Technical Scientific Instruction, similar to that in operation in the Technolo­ gical Institutions of Europe and America." 10 Literary Section

Following the address, Mr. Dooley, representative of the Stone­ masons' Society of N.S.W., moved: "That, in the opinion of this Congress, a thorough system of technical education is very necessary for the colonies, to enable them to keep pace in the race of nations." The motion was carried unanimously. Similar Congresses (Melbourne, 1884; Sydney, 1885; Adelaide, 1886; Brisbane, 1888; Hobart, 1898; Ballarat, 1891; Adelaide, 1898) continued this agitation for proper systems of technical educa­ tion. Their constant references to exploitation of child labour are a reminder that the evil effects of the Industrial Revolution were not confined to Great Britain. In Victoria practical steps were taken by Francis Ormond, who was brought to Victoria by his parents in 1842. The father bought a sheep station; Francis was managing it when he was only nineteen. In 1850, finding the boys he employed were uneducated, he started a class among them. Later, he devoted his wealth from the pastoral industry largely to educational and philanthropic pursuits. It was his suggestion and generosity (a gift of <£ 11,000) which led to the establishment of the Melbourne Working Men's College (now Royal Melbourne Technical College) in 1887. Trade unions and manufacturing interests also made financial contributions. Dur­ ing the last seven years of his life (1882-1889) Ormond was a member of the Legislative Council. His statute stands today outside the Royal Melbourne Technical College in Latrobe Street. About this time a new and important element appeared. An inspector of the Victorian Education Department, Mr. T. Brodribb, whose annual reports from the 1880's onwards are valuable sources, became critical of the system of grants to technical institutions with­ out State supervision. He therefore took considerable interest in the problem of "grafting technical training upon the State-school system." The results of this attitude were ultimately far-reaching. The first commission on technical education took place in 1888. There were thirteen sittings and a brief report was made the next year. Public interest was now real. Unfortunately, thefirst sign s of a serious economic depression were evident. The Hon. A. J. Peacock ("the man with kookaburra laugh"), who became Minister of Public Instruction in 1892, wrote at length on technical education in his annual reports. He, too, was concerned about the amount of government subsidies to the existing technical schools and the lack of control over their expenditure. These were the days whenfinancial difficultie s forced the governments to severely Literary Section 11 curtail expenditure on education. As a retrenchment measure the Melbourne Teachers' College was closed during 1894-1900. But Peacock's attitude of mind assisted the Brodribb thesis. In 1899 the Finke Commission took a thorough look at the question of technical education. Victoria was recovering from the depression and there was a public demand to make up the leeway in education. The work of the inquiry was on a wide basis and ex­ haustive reports were prepared. Generally, the Commission was critical of the existing technical school facilities and recommended far-reaching changes. At the time of the sittings there were in Victoria ten schools of mines, five schools of art and three other colleges providing various forms of technical instruction, but the Working Men's College was the only technical school in the metropolitan area. Total technical school enrolments in 1900 were 5,002, the average attend­ ance per term being 3,015. Government grants amounted to £9,000. The Commission said many of these institutions had been established by political influence without regard to the needs of the districts concerned. Between them the schools taught twenty-two science subjects and thirteen trade subjects. Most of the teachers were part-time workers. In the difficult years after 1893 teachers at the Working Men's College agreed to teach "for nominal pay." In 1906 there sat at varying intervals the first conference on apprenticeship. The Hon. Theodore Finke was chairman of the body, made up of five representatives of the Chamber of Manufactures and five employees from the unions. It was clear that the demand for trade training was greater than the supply. Nothing definite resulted from the inquiry, but public interest was again high. Despite demands from all sections for substantial reform, it was not till 1910 that the necessary legislation was passed. Act 2301, among other things, provided for the founding of new technical schools. Regulations were to be drafted for the appointment, promo­ tion and payment of teachers, and for the inspection of and grants to technical schools. Provision was also made for existing schools to be voluntarily taken over by the Education Department. This accounts for the eventual disappearance of most of the pioneer technical schools. In March, 1911, Mr. Donald Clark, who had been at different times in charge of Bairnsdale and Bendigo Schools of Mines, was appointed Chief Inspector of Technical Schools. He had two interest­ ing ideas: that tradesmen should have to pass a test for registration; that special schools for special trades should be established. 12 Literary Section

In the meantime the Hon. George Swinburne had conceived the idea of a technical school in the eastern suburbs. His generosity and support by the municipalities of Camberwell, Hawthorn and Kew made possible the preparation of plans. The foundation stone was laid on 19th September, 1908, by the Premier, Sir Thomas Bent, and the Eastern Suburbs Technical College was officially opened by the Governor, Sir Thomas Gibson-Carmichael, on the 10th Feb­ ruary, 1909. The school was thus the second technical institution in Melbourne; however, the present name, Swinburne Technical College, was not adopted till 1913. The first classes were confined to carpentry, plumbing and blacksmithing. In 1913, the Boys' Junior School was opened with 42 students. Junior technical schools grew out of an experiment made in 1908, when a manual training class was opened at the Working Men's College. Under Mr. P. McCormick, it developed into the lower technical school, and, in 1912, with 211 pupils was transferred to a special school building in Latrobe Street, under the name of West Melbourne Junior Technical School. When opened in 1913 Swinburne became the fourth junior technical school in the metropolitan area. By October, 1914, junior technical schools were established at West Melbourne, Collingwood, Sunshine, Glenferrie (Swinburne), Ballarat, Bendigo and Geelong. Swinburne Girls' Junior School, mainly on Mrs. Swinburne's sugges­ tion, was opened in 1916. It was thefirst technical school for girls in the State. By 1920, there were in Victoria 20 junior schools, attached to 24 senior schools, and the students in attendance had grown to almost 3,000. In the pages ahead is the story of the early days of Swinburne Technical College. In the main, it is told by people who were either participants or in some way eye witnesses. Not all these people being alive today, some of their accounts have been obtained from old magazines and other College records. Taken as a whole, the documents provide an interesting and inspiring story. C.S.

[Readers whose professional reading includes an account of the development of education in Australia will perceive defects in the above version. However, the writer has had but one aim: the provision of suitable background for the articles to follow — selected to present a representative picture of the early days of Swinburne Technical College.—Ed.] Literary Section 13

DAYS OF LONG AGO Has it ever flashed through your mind that once upon a time, not so long ago, the Swinburne Technical College was non-existent; nay, further, there was not a Technical College in Victoria; but whether you have thought of it or not, it is nevertheless true. Before the introduction of Technical Schools, how did a boy or girl learn a trade or equip himself or herself for his or her life's work? Fifty years ago there was not so much to be learnt in the sciences and arts as there is now. Try to imagine no telephones, no electric light or power, no incandescent gas mantles, no gas engines, no motor cars, no X-rays, no wireless, no gramophones, no aeroplanes, and, above all, no picture shows. In those days iron was used for all structures, as mild steel was expensive and rare, cement a comparatively new thing, reinforced concrete not heard of. And oxy-acetylene or electric welding beyond the dreams of the engineer. However, in spite of the absence of so many things now regarded as essential, people lived and enjoyed themselves^ and were, as a matter of fact, quite as happy or possibly happier than they are at the present time. Everyone who knows anything of the history of technical educa­ tion must have the greatest respect for the Hon. Francis Ormond, who on his own initiative and with little or no encouragement visualised our technical schools in a desire "to help those who show a willingness to help themselves." Ormond built better than he thought, for the response, when once classes were started, was far greater than he or anyone else expected. Instruction was commenced in evening classes, and prac­ tically at once 1,000 students enrolled. How this number was handled in the small building available is more than I could ever understand. After several years of uphill work, the Government of Victoria took an active part in the scheme, and schools sprang up in many suburbs, and extended throughout the State. Let me ask a question. How did we learn a trade or profession without the help of the technical schools? And let me answer it by asking another. Do you know that the harder a thing is to do, the greater will be its value to you when it is done? There was no spoon-feeding in the "days of long ago," and the result was a hardy race of hand and brain workers, who, you know, paved the way to the relatively easy path of knowledge now available to everyone. 14 Literary Section

The effort used in acquiring information develops the mind far more than following the not unusual method of letting the other fellow do the thinking for you. Any number of facts that we now take for granted had origin­ ally to be slowly and carefully worked out before being generally accepted. All electrical students know Ohm's law, but how many know how it was worked out, and the difficulties Ohm had to overcome before he stated it, a little over a hundred years ago. And what is more, his contemporaries considered his "law" absurd and ridi­ culous for a long time after its discovery. If you were told that a man lying on the floor could have a solid brick wall built up all over him to a height of fifteen feet and not be crushed, would you believe it? You are saying that it is silly, but the scientists of "days of long ago" had to believe and teach to the world that the atmosphere exerts a pressure and puts a load on each of us equal to this. We now say that the pressure equalizes all through the body, but it must have taken great courage to announce this law, and run the risk of being regarded as a lunatic. Not long ago a high authority stated, when appealed to for help, that man would neverfly, but we all know what has been done during the last twenty years in this direction. Whither is all our knowledge leading us. Is it to good or ill? My answer is that it depends on how we use our wisdom to control and guide us in all our works. W.N.K. [The above article, which appeared in THE OPEN DOOR in 1931, was written by the late Professor W. N. KERNOT, who had a distinguished association with the Melbourne University's Faculty of Engineering. The Hon. Francis Ormond mentioned by the writer is referred to in the Opening article.— Ed.] GEORGE SWINBURNE

George Swinburne, from whom Swinburne Technical College takes its name, was a founder of whom any school might be proud. In public and private life he set the highest standards as a man of honour and as a creative person. He was an engineer, born and trained at Newcastle-on-Tyne in northern England. After London experience he came to Melbourne in 1885, aged 24, to instal gas plants and, later, hydraulic power. At 37, already prosperous, he turned to devote his great gifts of Literary Section 15

mind and personality to the service of Hawthorn, Victoria and the Commonwealth. It was in Hawthorn that his enormous energy, good looks and boyish high spiritsfirst made their impact on our public life. As Councillor, and later Mayor, he brought to the Hawthorn City Council the services of an extra and unpaid City Engineer, one most attentive to Municipal business in all its aspects. He was never elected to the Commonwealth Parliament, but to serve in the Federal sphere purely as an expert he resigned his numerous directorships and thus practically abandoned his business career. During World War I he served as Civil and Finance Member of the Military Board, and as Chairman of the Military Board, and as Chairman of the Defence Department's Board of Business Adminis­ tration. But it was during his four years on the Interstate Commission from 1913 to 1917 that he made his greatest mark on Common­ wealth affairs — among the host of things settled by Swinburne and his colleagues on the Interstate Commission was a plan to set up an authority which later became the Commonwealth Scientific and In­ dustrial Research Organisation. But Victoria was the scene of his main contributions to Aus­ tralian life. Becoming a Member of the Legislative Assembly in 1902, when the country was still feeling the effects of a severe drought, as Minister for State Rivers and Water Supply, he set out to plan and put into effect a new irrigation scheme; successfully advanced it against stubborn opposition in Parliament and the countryside; had the State Rivers and Water Supply Commission set up with control over all State water; and negotiated the difficult Murray Waters Agreement with neighbouring States. For a short time he was State Treasurer. As Minister for Agriculture he gave the Victorian Agriculture Department its lasting character as a means of educating the man on the land in up-to-date methods and he was mainly responsible for founding the important Chair of Agriculture at Melbourne University. But technology claimed him back in the end. From 1919 to 1925 he was, along with Sir John Monash, one of the founding Commissioners of the State Electricity Commission. And though he became President of the Trustees of the Public Library, Museums and National Gallery of Victoria, he always, as a Member of the Council of Public Instruction, stressed the need for more technical education. The origin of Swinburne Technical College recalls two of George Swinburne's personal qualities: his integrity and his selfless­ ness. The £20,000 which he gave to the College is understood to have included the £-3,000 odd which he had received as damages 16 Literary Section after a libel action in which he had vindicated his probity with great courage and complete success; and the name he modestly chose for it, "The Eastern Suburbs Technical College," was only changed by the College Council while he was absent in England in 1912. His co-founder, Mrs. Swinburne, who still maintains a close connec­ tion with us, was responsible for the establishment of our Girls' Junior Technical School, the first of its kind in this State. From the beginning, the College has been governed by a Council, with financial help from the Victorian Department of Education. With its Art Department, its Director of Music, and its growing Humanities Department, the College also reflects the founder's life­ long love of painting, music and poetry. LM. [The writer of the above article has given permission to add the quote below, which is taken from the recently published Australian Encyclopaedia.—Ed.] "Swinburne was a tall, angular man, friendly in manner, tactful, en­ thusiastic and completely honest. He liked music, poetry and painting, was sincerely religious and inconspicuously charitable. His ordered mind, grasp of detail and capacity for work made him afirst-rate business man. He could have had almost any honour he wished, but was content to feel he had done his best for his country." SIR WILLIAM MCPHERSON Another of the famous public men associated with the founda­ tion of Swinburne Technical College was Sir William McPherson. Sir William was born in Melbourne in 1865, and succeeded his father, the late Thomas McPherson, as head of the firm of McPhersOn's Pty. Ltd., iron and machinery merchants, and com­ bining business ability with a kindly personality, he soon gained a commanding position in commercial circles in the State. In 1913, on the retirement of the late Hon. George Swinburne from the Hawthorn seat in the Legislative Assembly, he was elected to the vacancy and continued to represent this constituency for seven­ teen years, during seven of which he was State Treasurer and later became Premier of Victoria. His association with the College commenced at its inception in 1908. He was present at thefirst meeting of the College Council, which was held in the Hawthorn Town Hall on the 13th July, 1908, at which meeting he was appointed Hon. Treasurer, and he held this position until December, 1917, when increasing public and parliamentary responsibilities compelled him to resign, but his interest continued unabated, as was shown by his generosity towards the Institution. On the death of our founder, Hon. George Swinburne, and in The first diploma winners at Swinburne with the late D. D. Griffiths (centre). The photo was taken in December, 1917, and was supplied by Mr. F. W. Green, who was largely responsible for the students' success. Left to right: J. Russell, L. R. Bell (deceased), G. Bilsborough, R. Dixon, G. Affleck, E. Marston (deceased).

Staff of the Swinburne Junior Technical School, June, 1913. Left to right: C. Fraser (deceased), D. Gray, D. McKay (deceased), G. Rofe, A. David (deceased). Head­ master was D. McKay. The late Mr. Fraser was a relative of Donald Clark, mentioned in articles on College history. Mr. Rofe retired this year. Pupils enrolled at Swinburne Junior Technical School during the first term of its existence. The photo was taken in June, 1913. The original is in possession of the Central Library.

JlilCTifi

The pupils of 1913 would find the above picture puzzling. Evidence of the College's great technical progress, it shows film making in the Motion and Time Study Class at the Production Engineering Laboratory. Literary Section 17 spite of heavy calls upon his time with public duties, he cheerfully took up the position of President, and no man in Victoria was more fitted to carry on the work of his great friend than Sir William McPherson. For several years a group of four men, prominent in the business life of our city, were wont to lunch together at a well-known hotel, and three of these, namely, Hon. George Swinburne, Sir William McPherson and Mr. R. J. Alcock, were each actively associated with the College from its inception to the time of their deaths. Sir William died at his beautiful Hawthorn home on 26th July, 1932. Not only in the College but throughout and beyond the State he was greatly missed; however, he left behind many monu­ ments of his generosity, his business ability and sagacity. To have known the man was to love him for his simple and straight-forward nature, his modest bearing and kindliness. Swin­ burne Technical College owed him a good deal. It is also interesting to note that his wife, Lady McPherson, who was deeply interested in charitable work, was one of the first women to undertake work in Red Cross Kitchens during World War I. She was also largely instrumental in founding the Emily McPherson College of Domestic Economy. [Based on material published in THE OPEN DOOR, 1932, and other con­ temporary publications. From November, 1917, to March, 1918, McPherson was Treasurer in the Bowser Ministry. He held the same position in the succeeding Lawson Ministry until February, 1924. In 1923 he was created K.B.E. McPher­ son became leader of the Nationalist Party in 1927; on the defeat of the Hogan Government in November, 1928, he was the Premier and Treasurer. His Ministry tried hard to cope with the effects of the world depression on Victoria; but lack of money made the problems very difficult of solution. McPherson ex­ perienced much worry over the situation and his health suffered greatly. In­ tegrity and strength of character were his outstanding characteristics. Besides his interest in Swinburne, he assisted the establishment of the Emily McPher­ son School of Domestic Economy with a gift of £25,000 in 1924. Five years later, in memory of his mother, Jessie McPherson, he donated £25,000 to Queen Victoria Hospital. Earlier this year the Queen Mother opened a new wing of the Jessie McPherson Community Hospital.—Ed.] FOUNDATION OF THE COLLEGE That the foundation of the College was due to the mind and work of its President, the Hon. George Swinburne, is known to all, and I had no direct connection with it until its constitution had to be prepared and an official was required to see that the machine moved. The first step was to obtain the co-operation of the Eastern Municipalities, and that was readily forthcoming, and took the shape 18 Literary Section of a formal guarantee to contribute in certain proportions towards the cost of maintenance up to £600 a year. We next had to acquire land, and after much thought the present site was secured. At a later stage it was thought that we had too large an area, and a deputation waited on the Hawthorn City Council to suggest that it should buy the part now occupied by the engineer­ ing department. We have reason for thankfulness that the proposal was declined. At the outset it was thought that the work of the College should be limited to tuition in metal and wood, and it was anticipated that provision for 200 students would be ample, and that the revenue of £.200 might be available. Not long after I happened to meet Mr. C. H. Wright in Glenferrie Road, and we stopped to talk about rifle shooting, in which we were both interested (incidentally, I may say that Mr. Wright used to be afirst rate shot) and Mr. Wright then suggested the addition of plumbing to the course, and as the result it was decided to carry out his idea, and we were most fortunate in obtaining his services as the head of the department of which he has made such an outstanding success. The selection of a Principal was, of course, an anxious task, and it may be of interest to know that when the applications were care­ fully considered that of our much esteemed and lamented friend, Mr. Tranthim-Fryer, stood out so much above the others that he was unanimously selected. Perhaps one may adopt Wren's epitaph. "Si monumentum requiris circumspice." Land acquired, plans approved, contract let, the next step was the laying of the foundation stone by the Premier (Sir Thomas Bent). I think that the arrangements worked all right, but I had not provided for the weather. No one who was present is likely to forget the pelting rain which drove us all to the friendly shelter of the Hawthorn Town Hall. The buildings completed, work started on February 9th, 1909, and successive additions both to buildings, equipment and staff have led us to where we are, which all members of the Council hope is the prelude only to even greater usefulness. H.R.H. [The above article appeared in THE OPEN DOOR of August, 1928. It wa- written by H. R. Hamer, the then College Treasurer. For a short period (pending a permanent appointment) he was Director of the College. Mr. R. J. Hamer, of our present College Council, is the son of H. R. Hamer and a nephew to Mrs. Swinburne. Mr. R. J. Hamer was in June of this year elected a Member of the Legislative Council for East Yarra.—Ed.] IN 1908 Some of you older folk may remember the Glenferrie Oval and Literary Section 19 its environment twenty-five years ago, but the majority have little thought of our present oval as a wilderness of grass and weeds, with a creek meandering at its will. The ground was then the property of the Council, as it is now. Mr. Blackburn, owner of many fine sheep, had reserved the right of grazing for his flock, and nothing looked more peaceful than the sight of these drowsy animals resting in the shade of the tall gum tree that monopolised the centre of the ground. Some of the old residents, Mr. Gutteridge, Mr. Woodroffe and Dr. Bevan, could entertain you for hours with their amusing and curious reminiscences if they were here. The youthful clique — the old identities of Glenferrie — went to St. John's School, which was situated opposite Snow's. Pardon, not Snow's at all, but a circus — twenty-five years ago! The boys used to play football where the Grace Park tennis courts are now situated. The railway, instead of forming a bridge, was on the ground level of Glenferrie Road, and had gates for the oncoming traffic. The train ran beside the oval as it does now, but there was no slowing down of the train on Saturday afternoons for a free look at the players. Oh, no! Nobody wanted a special view of a flock of fat, lazy sheep. But when we, the present generation, look out of our comfort­ able carriages, we see a smooth, green stretch of level turf, with tiers of seats round it for sporting spectators. Occasionally on Friday mornings our students are now privileged to train there. The Council has allowed us the use of the ground on something of the same principle as they did with Mr. Blackburn and his fat sheep — in 1908. N.D. [The material above was taken from an article which appeared in THE OPEN DOOR, AUGUST, 1933. In the days referred to there were no electric trams. A horse-drawn tram ran along Riversdale Road to Auburn Road, and Kew was served by one from the cemetry to Victoria Bridge. To the east there were no such facilities. Bikes were an important means of transport for students. There being only two technical schools in the metropolitan area, seekers of knowledge often travelled long distances. The College had a large enclosure for bikes in the early days. At one stage the College yard also had a circular bed of roses. In addition to a railway crossing in Glenferrie Road, there was also one in John Street.—Ed.] OUR FIRST PRINCIPAL John Robertson Tranthim-Fryer was born in Hobart, and studied drawing and painting there privately. He afterwards attended 20 Literary Section

Sydney Technical College, where he passed all art examinations with honours, specialising in figure modelling and design. After a brief term as Art Master in the Technical School, Hobart, he went to London and studied at that world-famous School of Modelling at Lambeth. Here Mr. Fryer's gift for sculpture soon asserted itself, and he was successful in winning a London County Scholarship and also the highest award for modelling the human figure from life — their silver medal and prize. While in London Mr. Fryer had the privilege of working with the late E. Onslow Ford, R.A, whose work is so well known. He also worked with Sir George Frampton and Professor Lanteri. His life in London was full of interest, and many of the men with whom he associated have since become famous in the world of Art. On his return to Australia he executed a number of figure sub­ jects in repousse, copper, and brass. Amongst the works carried out may be mentioned: The War Memorials at St. John's Church, Toorak, and at Doncaster; the Old Choir Boys' Memorial at St. Paul's Cathedral, Melbourne; and the Pulpit, Lectern, and Reredos at All Saints' Church, Geelong. He also designed a medal, now used as a seal by the Arts and Crafts Society of Victoria, of which he was President for many years. Mr. Fryer was an authority on Ceramics, and, during 1927, he gave a Guide Lecture on this subject at the Public Library. Melbourne. On the establishment of this School in 1908, he was appointed Principal, which position he held until 1928. Under his guidance the School rose from very small beginnings to an established position. A man of unfailing courtesy and charitable understanding, he signally endeared himself to the staff of the College, and to all with whom he associated. His life was exemplary of unselfishness and self effacement. Under no circumstances did he seek publicity, rather did he "hide his light under a bushel." Tact and good humour were his outstanding attributes in smoothing difficulties; his help and encouragement were always available to others. An aptitude for saying and doing the right thing at the right time and place amounted almost to genius. A natural charm pervaded his life, and, though the later years of his life were shadowed by trouble, his Christian dignity accepted God's will with grace. He died at his home in Bayswater on 13th July, 1928. During the 20 years of his service to the College, an angry word never passed his lips. Literary Section 21

An inspiration to all who knew him, he lived and died a Chris­ tian gentleman in the highest sense. E.W.M.W. [The above account wasfirst publishe d in THE OPEN DOOR, August, 1928. Of interest is the fact that this was thefirst issu e of the magazine. At that time Mr. F. W. Green had just been appointed the new Principal. His personal account of Swinburne's development prior to 1928 is given in the next article.— The introduction to this edition, written by the present Principal, Mr. A. F. Tylee, is to be found on page 7.—Ed.] MEMORIES, 1900-1928 My first association with the Swinburne family occurred during my engineering apprenticeship at Gateshead-on-Tyne during 1900-6, but was quite unknown to myself. Evening classes at Hutherford College, Newcastle-on-Tyne, necessitated my catching a tram at Jesmond terminus at about 7 p.m. Sometimes a very tall, stately gentleman and his wife also caught the same tram. Usually few, if any, other passengers joined the tram at the terminus, so after a few years we became by sight well known to each other. I was also familiar with this gentleman because, at other times, I passed him walking through Armstrong Park coming from some engineering works at Wallsend-on-Tyne towards his lovely home at Jesmond. I learned as time went by that my friend was one of the prin­ cipals of the Swinburne engineering works at Wallsend-on-Tyne. This casual acquaintance continued during my apprenticeship, but ceased when I left Jesmond. Some six years later, on 11th August, 1912, I was to meet a Mr. George Swinburne from Melbourne at the Central Station Hotel, Newcastle-on-Tyne, to discuss my probable coming to Hawthorn. This meeting eventuated through the recommendation of a member of staff of the Imperial College of Science and Technology who had known me as a student there. It was not long before I learned that my casual acquaintance was with none other than this Mr. George Swinburne's father, and that he had unfortunately passed away the previous May. At a second meeting on the 13th August, when I had the pleasure of conducting Mr. Swinburne over two large educational institutions in Newcastle-on-Tyne, it was raining somewhat heavily. On my saying how inclement the weather was I received the reply, "Oh, don't worry, Green; I like to see rain, as we are often short of it in Australia." I did not know at the time that my com­ panion had been a Minister of Water Supply in Victoria. 22 Literary Section

An agreement being reached, my wife and I left for Australia on the 3rd January, 1913, arriving at Melbourne, after a very pleas­ ant voyage on the R.M.S. Otway, at 7 a.m. on Monday, 10th Feb­ ruary, 1913. After breakfast we eagerly awaited the arrival of Mr. Swinburne. Soon I saw him wending his way through a maze of timber stacked on the wharf, with Mr. Tranthim-Fryer, the College Director, endeavouring to keep pace with the large steps of his companion. Even now I remember very clearly the hearty wave as he pointed us out to Mr. Tranthim-Fryer. After greetings and customs clearance a horse-drawn cab was procured and, amid much conversation, we left for Hawthorn. Pass­ ing along Flinders Street we stopped at Mr. Swinburne's offices in Queen Street. He stayed at his offices and the three of us eventually came to a boarding house in Burwood Road. After helping us with our luggage and making us feel at ease with his genial conversation, Mr. Tranthim-Fryer left, returning about 11 a.m. to take us to the College, which we reached by turning into John Street. Both Burwood Road and John Street were quieter in those days. At this time the college buildings comprised an office, three general purpose class rooms, two art studios, a small workshop for carpentry, turning andfitting, an d blacksmithing, plumbing and domestic economy blocks. Mr. Tranthim-Fryer took me around the College, commencing with the carpentry workshop, where I was introduced to Mr. Cous- land, then through the turning andfitting workshop and the black­ smith's shop, but these as yet had no full-time instructors. In the new plumbing shop I met Mr. Wright. Returning through the domestic economy block I met Miss Drake and Miss Tallent: then Mr. Tompkins in the art department. Last of all I met that splendid caretaker, Mr. William Tickell. From all these members of staff I received the most generous and sincere welcome, and so commenced an association which was to persist, in some cases, for more than thirty-seven years. One thing which particularly attracted my curiosity was the cold water bag which was hung in the corridor not far from the office. It was meticulously cared for by Mr. Tickell, and was my first experience of such a device. The first term of 1913 had been set down to commence on Monday, 17th February, which gave me a week in which to prepare the work of the year. During this week a prospectus of the new Engineering Department was drafted and printed by Edmondson of Hawthorn. The teaching staff comprised part-time men, E. A. Bell and A. E. Page, assistant S. Green, and myself. Literary Section 23

My teaching load consisted as follows: Turning and Fitting, Grades 1, 2 and 3; Applied Mechanics, Grade 1; Engineering Drawing, Grades 1, 2 and 3; Mathematics, Heat Engines and Elec­ trical Engineering. I taught these subjects on five evenings a week. I remember that on account of the shortage of class rooms I took Turning and Fitting, Grades 2 and 3 together, in the Cookery Department on Monday evenings. The equipment consisted of a blackboard upon an easel, one side for Grade 2 and the other for Grade 3. I managed the combined class byfilling each side of the board with sketches before the classes commenced. Facilities for the storage of drawing boards and the like, to­ gether with apparatus as it was purchased, comprised a cupboard under the stairs near the entrance. My diary shows that by the Thursday of my first week I had prepared a scheme for utilising the old motor garage building as an Engineering Department and had sent a sketch embodying my ideas to Mr. Swinburne. The idea was adopted at the Council Meeting on May 1st, and the conversion of the old motor garage was undertaken by Messrs. Thompson and Chalmers. Work was commenced on Monday, 12th May, and completed on Thursday, 13th November, 1913 — a very creditable performance. Furniture andfittings wer e installed and all was ready for February, 1914. We had two good class rooms, known for a great many years as No. 1 and No. 2, a fair sized laboratory, two small teachers' rooms and a long gallery, which had been a corn loft. Mr. Wright had another room for sheet-metal work with a gallery on the east side. Mr. Wright filled his gallery with exhibits to illustrate the history of plumbing in Victoria. The only portions of this now remaining in more or less the original conditions are class rooms 1 and 2, which I venture to say have probably done more yeomen service than any other teaching rooms. I brought the idea of the gently sloping floor from my old day school and it has been most appreciated by teachers and students alike. My diary shows that on Monday, February 15th, 1915, at 9 a.m., the Engineering Day Diploma Classes commenced with four­ teen students. It was a distinct step forward, one which had been supported ardently by Mr. Swinburne and also urged upon the College by Mr. Donald Clark, Chief Inspector of Technical Schools. I still retain among my papers the original draft of the schedule showing the subjects to be studied in each of the three courses (Civil, Electrical and Mechanical) in Mr. Clark's handwriting as we dis- 24 Literary Section cussed them. How well I remember the occasion. For one reason the temperature reached 103° that day! The prospective students had been assembled by the late D. D. Griffiths and Mr. Page in class room No. 1, as it was then designated. I can still picture the scene as I entered. The students were seated in very orderly fashion, as was the custom in those days, and the first to attract my attention was Teddy Marston in the front row; he had come up with others from our junior school, then under the control of the great head master, Donald McKay, who had been selected by Mr. Donald Clark. (The article "Reminiscences" in this section was written by the Teddy Marston referred to.—Ed.). This young fellow was to become quite distinguished in the life of the College, and later took much interest in the life of the College and the Old Engineering Swinburnians. After experience in engineering works he became a member of staff in 1929. He lost his life in a tragic air disaster in New Guinea during World War II. That assembly of day students proved to be the forerunner of countless numbers of such assemblies on Monday mornings in this classroom. These assemblies, with the loyal co-operation of Mr. Griffiths and Mr. Page, continued until during World War II, when the number of day students and the diversity of the subjects increased to such an extent, that they had reluctantly to be discontinued. Old students will recall these assemblies, particularly if called upon to pay afine, a s the focal point of "those great days and jolly days at the best school of all." Of these fourteeen beginners six completed the course and obtained their diplomas. Without exception they proved their worth in the engineering world. They are shown in a photograph with Mr. Griffiths in December, 1917, as Russell, Bell, Bilsborough, Dixon, Affleck and Marston. My reference to the Old Engineering Swinburnians recalls that the foundation meeting was held on 9th June, 1921, as the result of a circular issued by Mr. Griffiths on 12th May. At this meeting. which was held in the old Common Room, I was the chairman, and a list of sixty foundation members was recorded. Edward Marston. Max Johnston and Arthur Hide were elected President, Secretary and Treasurer, respectively; and amongst the Committee were Mr. Griffiths, Mr. Page and myself. This meeting was the forerunner of gatherings of all kinds in which lasting friendships were consolidated as students passed through the College. One such function, which I can recall, was the second annual dinner and theatre party in 1922 at Phair's Hotel and His Majesty's Theatre. Among those present were Mr. Swin- Literary Section 25 burne, Mr. Frank Tate (the then Director of Education), Mr. Tran­ thim-Fryer, the members of the College Council, and Messrs. Hamer. Hosken and Rust. Annual reunions of past and present students will always be remembered as highlights of the year's activities. Who could forget the singing of "The Best School of All" or "The Swing-ineers," with Mr. Page conducting, to say nothing of the reminiscences of "Grif" at the close of the gathering? It seems appropriate to close these notes by returning again to the founder of the College. By a strange circumstance I was probably the first person outside Parliament House to learn of his passing away in the Legislative Council in the evening of the 4th September. 1928. We had a day student at the time from Queensland, I. S. John­ son, who was very interested in political matters. The College being on vacation, he happened to be in Parliament listening to the pro­ ceedings. When Mr. Swinburne quietly collapsed, this student tele­ phoned to me at my home about the incident, saying he was not sure whether it had been fatal or not. I asked him to check and a few minutes later he rang to say that Mr. Swinburne had passed away. The College Council meeting of Thursday, 6th September, the day of Mr. Swinburne's funeral, was a gathering I shall always remember, and looking over the minutes thereof again, I find that Providence has left me the only surviving member of those in attendance on that very sad occasion. F.W.G.

[The writer of the above article, Mr. F. W. Green, was Principal of the College during 1928-1950. It is not possible to read his intensely human account without concluding that the community owes him a considerable debt of gratitude, his work having been of tremendous importance to the country's material progress. Yet none of the usual medals and citations await the successful educator. His is an intangible contribution. It is also true to say that by his personal stand­ ards of conduct the former Principal influenced for good the lives of many thousands of young men and women. It is therefore very appropriate that on the occasion of the Jubilee Year that we should have his own account of our beginnings. Mr. Green has taken considerable trouble to prepare the material. Altogether it is a remarkable and invaluable document, which will still be read with interest and respect in days far distant from now.—Ed.] THE OLD DAYS

The writers of the earlier reminiscences are to be envied. It seems that the outstanding events in the short history of this institu­ tion have been chronicled, and that but little remains to be related. But, did nOt a great commotion occur in 1913? 26 Literary Section

It was then decided to establish a Boys' Junior Technical School three others already being in existence in the metropolitan area. Students being a necessity, some seventy were collected, but the regular staff, with Mr. McKay as Head Master, did not arrive until the end of the second term — there were then four terms of ten weeks each in the school year. In Room 7 a very cordial reception was given to the staff by the students, and even so early as this it was evident that the bright sparks were in particularly good form. Fortunately they soon settled down, and when one meets some of those "originals," complete with wife and family, one realises how long ago 1913 really is. Many will recollect some of the customs, which now seem strange. A hand bell assembled the students until it became like one particular student, who was alleged to be cracked. With no art school, we had a yard which was considered large enough for football and cricket, both of which were detrimental to the welfare of the rockery in the angle between the Plumbing and Engineering departments. Cricket was particularly expensive until wire netting covers were placed over all adjoining windows. That was the origin of the contraption in front of the plumbing shop windows. The sporting side of the school had the enthusiastic support of Cr. W. G. Burton, who made arrangements with the Hawthorn City Council for our boys to use the Glenferrie Oval. This was the envy of the other Technical Schools, as, being much smaller than at pre­ sent, it was an ideal ground for boys. The long Christmas vacation prevented cricket being played to any great extent, but thefirst football match won by Swinburne must not be forgotten. In 1914, an under 14 team snatched a victory in the last quarter from West Melbourne on the old East Melbourne ground, which has now been demolished to make room for exten­ sions to the Jolimont railway yards. Until 1916 there was no football premiership competition, and also in this year the officials of the State Schools' Amateur Athletic Association, feeling that they were still interested in the boys who had entered the Technical Schools, included some events for junior Technical boys in their annual championship meeting. Of these possibly the tug-of-war for teams of twelve created greatest en­ thusiasm. These events gave Mr. H. D. Smith, then hon. secretary of the Victorian Amateur Athletic Association, the idea of a big Championship Meeting for all Victorian Technical Schools. By his influence, the "Winner Cup" was secured, and in 1917, at the first meeting. Mr. Smith had the satisfaction of seeing his son, Harry, win three events for Swinburne. That contest was particularly excit­ ing. When the last race, the 880 yards, started Swinburne was one Literary Section 27 point behind Bendigo, and the excitement in the Swinburne camp when our representative — the modest Clarrie Barnett — with a fine finish over the last 220 yards, came home a winner by a good margin was a reflex of the fine school spirit which had already been established. D.C.G.

[The writer of the above account, David C. Gray, was a member of the original staff of the Boys' Junior School. The material appeared in THE OPEN DOOR, August, 1928. Mr. Gray retired from the Education Department during the second half of 1957. Mr. A. Jordan, present Head of the Senior Art Depart­ ment, was a student under Mr. D. Gray at Swinburne in the days referred to.— Ed.] REMINISCENCES

Early in 1913 I was enjoying a glorious holiday when it was ruthlessly interrupted by a call to town. A visit was to be paid to the Swinburne Technical College for the purpose of an interview with a gentleman newly arrived from England to undertake the establish­ ment of an Engineering School. The result of that interview was my enrolment in the Preparatory School which was shortly to be opened. The opening eventually took place in March, and about 50 boys from all parts of Melbourne assembled to form thefirst Swinburn e Junior School. Temporary arrangements had been made to carry on the school pending completion of new buildings and the assembling of a staff. A visiting master took control of our mornings, while the after­ noons were divided between the Art School and the Carpentry Shop. Being the special care of nobody, we had a very free and easy time; and it was only the eagle eye and caustic tongue of a certain Scotch­ man, with an occasional exasperated outburst from Mr. Wood, that maintained a curb on the more venturesome spirits. Eventually arrangements were completed for the real com­ mencement. Mr. McKay took charge, and, with the aid of his hench­ men, Messrs. David, Gray and Fraser soon had things in order; and in order they remained. During the remainder of that year and throughout the next the School throve continuously, and, at the final examinations in 1914, Swinburne had certainly demonstrated that its Junior School was a force to be reckoned with in the technical arena. By the beginning of 1915 the Engineering School had taken shape from those old livery stables which had provided such a fine playground for the early Junior School. 28 Literary Section

It was with very pleasant thoughts that I made one of the somewhere about 20 "young gentlemen" to commence thefirst year of the Engineering Day Classes. Who could forget the introduction to our work that we received from Mr. F. W. Green? Along with much good advice he said that engineering knowledge was not to be had without an effort. I have since wondered from whence the effort originates — whether the work done is absorption or forceful penetration; largely the latter, I am afraid. However, I am strongly of the opinion that some masters have the power of inducing a will to work. I could not say when it was that Mr. Green came to the con­ clusion that the previously referred to class of "young gentlemen" did not embody a sufficiency of the desirable traits to be so regarded. though I feel sure that he must have arrived at that state of mind, not, I must admit, without very strong evidence. This lack on our part was, perhaps, attributed to the unconscious hereditary in­ fluence of our free-living, pioneering ancestors, and was probably thought to be amenable to the remedy of a strongly opposite in­ fluence. However much this line of reasoning may be astray, it cannot be denied that some such corrective was felt. In fact, it was so marked as to imbue thatfirst year with such a feeling of common paternity that Mr. Green became "Father" to us all. There was a substantial reduction in our numbers by the time the second year commenced, but the school total was largely augmented by the incomingfirst year . There were six members of our third year; three had been of thatfirst assembly in 1913, all had been with the Engineering School since the beginning, and did not forget it, nor allowed anybody else to do so. There was an idea formulated during this year for the estab­ lishment of a students' society, and, after adopting a constitution. electing officers, and so forth, a hitch occurred, and the idea had to be temporarily abandoned. The germ, however, did not decav, for a few years later those who had been the leading spirits in that effort were prominent participants in the activities culminating in the foundation of the Old Engineering Swinburnians. Looking back at those early days it is realised what good fortune attended the College in having during those years of expan- Literary Section 29

sion such men in its service as those who laid the cornerstones of the reputation which the College is surely attaining. E.M. [The material above appeared in THE OPEN DOOR, August, 1929. The writer, Edward Marston, is referred to by Mr. F. W. Green in his article, "Memories, 1900-1928."—Ed.]

MEMORIES OF THE GIRLS' SCHOOL

It is said to be a sign that one is growing old when one looks backward instead of forward, so I am going to be old and play that game beloved of the old folks, "I remember." Perhaps it was the finding of my old green drill costume that brought those early days at the Swinburne Technical College so vividly before me again. The red and yellow herringbone stitching is a little faded now, and the dress is eaten here and there by moths, but the mere sight of it brings clearly before my mind's eye that long green procession of girls marching two by two down Burwood Road to the Hawthorn Town Hall. Curious glances used to follow us, for, in 1916, knee- length skirts were looked at askance. Nowadays knees are not deemed worthy of a second glance. The daring of yesterday is the commonplace of today, so that long green procession would seem quite in order now, even in its abbreviated skirts. I tried on the old costume, just for old times' sake, but, alas! like Topsy, I've "growed"! Do you, like me, often think about the girls who were at school with us, and wonder what they are doing now? Names that I've not heard for a long, long time comeflocking int o my brain, so, just for fun, I'm going to jot them all down. How many others can you remember? It would be rather interesting to compare lists, wouldn't it? My list, by no means complete, includes: Mabel Horsfall, Jean Watts, Norma Lorimer, Catherine Smith, Dorothy and Phyllis Hall, Agnes Cant, Elsie Morris, Phyllis Cannon, Verona Hannemann, Emily Driscoll, Marjorie Blay, Janet and May Kerry, Grace Hillman, Mary Boynton, Doris Clift, Irene Wentworth, Verna Cleeland, Kathleen Allison, Stella Wise, Doris Pritchard, Gladys Wood, Ada Wallace, Martha Ebenreuter, Emily Simpson, Doris Garnham. How is that for an impromptu list? Have you still got your needle book worked with the red and yellow, and your drawing portfolio, so painstakingly blanket-stitched all round with raffia? My needle book is still doing yeoman service, while the portfolio lives an easy life keeping the d'oyleys in order. Articles made under Miss Blackmore's supervision were all made, as witness the years of service given by these two. 30 Literary Section

Speaking of Miss Blackmore, we can appreciate better today, perhaps, looking back over a vista of years, just what a big thing it was for her to do, in coming to Australia to take charge of the first girls' technical school in Victoria. Fresh from teaching English girls of totally different outlook and training, she came to a strange country and made a success of teaching the more independent Aus­ tralian girl. I seriously consider that no other teacher would have dared the experiment of putting a whole school of Australian girls into overalls. Can't you see those rows of limp, green overalls yet, hanging on the pegs of the cloakroom, and those sand-shoes, which were supposed to hang tidily in their shoe bags, but which, very, very often, found their untidy way to the floor? And the scrambles to get into those same overalls and sand-shoes every morning, and the ingenious excuses when we forgot to do so, usually on purpose! It says much for Miss Blackmore's firm, kind discipline that we wore those overalls throughout our school careers there. As each year goes by (Grandma speaking!) I realise more and more all that we owe to Miss Blackmore. As schoolgirls we may have considered her ruling very strict, and her views often in opposition to ours; but, if strict, her views were sound and wholesome, and did much to mould characters that would reflect on the School in later years. The Junior Girls' Department of the Swinburne Technical Col­ lege was opened as an experiment, as the late Hon. George Swin­ burne considered that girls should be given equal advantage with boys in the matter of being properly trained for their vocational work after leaving school. Mrs. Swinburne was an equally strong supporter. Their experiment was to last for a year. If, at the end of that time, it did not prove a success, it was to be closed. This did not transpire; rather, the value of the work done was of such a nature as to cause the Education Department to open schools of similar type not only in the metropolitan area, but in some of the larger towns of the State. The building was originally a private house, formerly occupied by a veterinary surgeon. After reconstruction, it contained four class rooms, cloak room. and social hall. When the school was first opened, all the applicants, sixty in number, were admitted. Back to 1916 is a long stretch, and schooldays have become rather a blurred, pleasant memory; nevertheless some incidents stand out in relief. Do you remember the afternoon we entertained some wounded soldiers from one of the military hospitals? We girls Literary Section 31 were shy, and perhaps the men were also shy, and perhaps the happiest time of the afternoon came when our guests took their departure! Entertaining shy guests by still shyer hostesses is apt to be a little trying for all persons concerned, don't you think? Perhaps the girls of today wouldn't have been so shy. I cannot remember if we appeared in our green overalls; perhaps we did, and that was why the guests were so bashful. Another very pleasant memory is the visit we paid to Geelong at the end of 1917 as the guests of the Gordon Technical College. Can't you remember the fuss made of us, and how we were enter­ tained by the Mayoress in the Town Hall for afternoon tea? What didn't we see during our two days' visit? The only drawback to the trip was that it was all too short! Of course, we enjoyed the day trips to the various factories in Melbourne which we made from time to time, but there was a thrill about a trip lasting a couple of days that was absent from the more prosaic day trips. Have you forgotten that cantata, "The Hours" I think it was called, that Miss Blackmore organised and gave in the Hawthorn Town Hall? Just think of the sewing we did on those flimsy cheese­ cloth frocks, and how the two combined colours just wouldn't hang right! So far as my memory serves, Janet Lorimer was "Dawn," Catherine Smith "Noon," and Stella Wise "Night," and the rest of us were the attendant hours. The cantata was quite a success I remember; but, oh! how I dislike copying music manuscript to this day! I had enough then to last me for years, copying those songs so beautifully done by Miss Blackmore on the blackboard in the Social Hall. The girls of today have a beautiful, modern building for their social gatherings. They do not, as we did, literally freeze in winter and bake in summer in the old Social Hall. What fun we used to have there! Social afternoons, singing, and yes, let me just whisper it, what lectures we used to receive from Miss Blackmore there! Surely, surely, you haven't forgotten those? Ah, I thought you had not! Examinations, did I hear you murmur? That week of exams — the solemn, portentous silence, rustle of papers, and the Hawthorn Town Hall clock striking the inexorable half-hours. And then the reports! A prized red star on this subject, for 95 per cent., or was it 90 per cent.? The comments by the various teachers, and Miss Blackmore's final summing-up, just and impartial. Awe-inspiring documents to us then, but today just something to make us smile half-regretfully, half-wistfully. Once started remembering, little things forgotten for years come 32 Literary Section

crowding back — Miss Blackmore reading "Stalky and Co." to us as we did fine stitching under her watchful guidance; the day Dr. Constance Ellis brought a baby and bathed it in front of the Senior Class Room fire for those lessons in baby-craft; the little green enamel brooches the prefects used to wear, proud badges to the privileged who wore them; and hosts of other little memories I won't bore you with telling. Like the greedy little boy, I have left the best for the last. Our teachers! Miss Blackmore, Miss Grainger, Miss Anderson, Miss Swin­ burne, Miss Keilor and Miss Bennet. Sewing with Miss Blackmore, English lessons with Miss Grainger, Civics with Miss Swinburne, Dressmaking with Misses Keilor and Bennet, Drawing with Miss Anderson. Didn't you enjoy them all? I know I did. Will you ever forget how thrilled we were when Miss Anderson got married and came back to teach us, wearing a wedding ring? Drawing lessons became very popular then. Well, if I continue much longer in this strain you will be think­ ing, "The poor, old thing! Doesn't she live in the past?" And I will be feeling about for a stick and hot-water bottle! So, before such dread happenings come to pass, au revoir. G. B. & B.L.B. [The above account of thefirst years in the Girls' Junior School was compiled from matter published in THE OPEN DOOR, 1928-30. Most of the material is from the pen of "G.B.", an unidentified student, but the section, "The Junior Girls' Department ... all the applicants, sixty in number, were admitted," was written by Miss Betsy L. Blackmore, the first Headmistress. Mrs. Winter, in charge of Pottery in the Senior Art Department, was one of the students at the Girls' Junior School in the period referred to. She was taught by the present staff member, Mrs. Davidson.—Ed.] LOOKING BACK Let me look back to the beginnings of Swinburne. There were three of us teaching art: Stanley W. Tompkins (only recently re­ tired), Alan Jordan (present head of the Art School) and myself. The only other members of staff were a teacher from the Department and one other teaching geometry. Looking back now one is amazed how the College grew proof of its need in the community. The late George Swinburne, and Mrs. Swinburne, still patroness of the Art Department, are to be honoured for their initiative and great generosity. Very soon the junior school was organised, with considerable increase in staff. As others will be telling of the more serious side of the College's development, what follows will be light and, I hope amusing. They are items of fun that helped to relieve the monotony of teaching overfifty years. Mr. F. W. Green, Principal during 1928-50. His account of the early years of the College appears in the Literary Section. Third-year art students receive a painting lesson from Mr. A. Moore in the gardens near the College. Literary Section 33

At this particular time there was no Art Building and so the quadrangle extended to the railway fence. Now Mr. D. Gray (my cobber "Dave") had never been on a motor bike in his life, but he wanted badly to ride my Red Indian. I showed him how to shut off and where the brake was. Dave went wildly around the quadrangle several times, with myself screaming to shut off the power. But the bike had a determined look as though it was going straight through the old blacksmithing workshop. But Dave, with one foot on the ground, gave the bike a tremendous heave, brought it around and suddenly remembered how to stop the engine. I always felt that Mr. Gray would have reached world fame as a dirt- track rider had he not given the game away there and then. A little before the Junior School was staffed there was a young, inexperienced teacher having great difficulties controlling a class held in a room at the foot of the front entrance stairway. Always he could be heard slapping a three-foot ruler on his bench or the desks and shouting, "Too much noise ..." while the boys chased each other round the room. If he got too close to the boys in chasing them, they jumped windows into John Street. As the boys returned to the class room through the door, there was at times a constant succession of leaving and entering — much to the teacher's bewilderment. It should be noted that he later made good as a teacher in the islands up north. That reminds me of another instructor. In the old days of steam trains on ground level the engine driver would whistle on starting from Glenferrie Station. Unfortunately, the instructor concerned (a very good chap on the engineering staff) was very deaf and on the occasions he heard the train whistle would stop the class and de­ mand, "Who whistled?" The boys learnt to keep absolutely straight faces and would say nothing. After a while he would tell the class it would stay in after school for extra study. At this stage a boy would stand and admit the offence. He would be kept in and set work. I think well of these chaps, because they never let him down and thus maintained his self- respect. At the time of this next incident I had been over on the Senior Art Staff as a permanent member. Through sicknesses there were several teachers absent in the Junior School, and I had offered my services between 9 and 10.30 a.m. But unfortunately, I was called on to do drill with other staff in the quadrangle. I explained I was only on loan, but the Head Master was very insistent. I had my squad march­ ing across the quadrangle when a dear old lady asked me for direc­ tions. This was the moment! I was most attentive and then sent her on her way. When I looked for my squad it had completely dis- 34 Literary Section appeared. Ifinally found the boys upstairs in the Senior Cookery Department. Very quiet and very well behaved they were being fed cookies by admiring girls. Before I went over permanently to the Senior Art Staff I had charge of the Junior School models for model drawing. These models included two earthenware brown teapots. If the Junior staff broke the spout off theirs or it was smashed inevitably there was a rush to the model cupboard. As these were in constant use by my classes I had in some way to stop this interference. After some thought I took both teapots down to thefitting and turning workshop, where I was well known, and had three holes drilled in the bottom of each. They were due to be used at the next lunchtime. Before I took my lunch into the staff-room I saw the tea leaves already in the teapot so waited quietly. Presently the teamaker came in, demanded a shilling from each member of staff present and then disappeared. There was no amuse­ ment tax in those days but the charge was worth it. The mess at the gas ring and bench was surprising. This reminds me of another staff member who was a great prac­ tical joker. His favourite trick was to take a full page of the Herald, bunch it up and setfire to it under a luncher's chair in the staff- room. The poor devils would be eating and reading a book, or eating and correcting exercise books. The results were always dramatic. After the smell of burning and then the sight of smoke and flames, the victims would rise straight up to a height of four feet. One day it came to my turn. I had a business appointment after 4 p.m. and was "dolled up" in a good blue suit and a nice tie. Reading after lunch I became aware of the smell of burning. I looked down be­ tween my knees. A nice fire was well under way, so I sat still as though I was reading. We were a tough pair. I would not shift and he would not pull his fire away. At last I had the pleasure of seeing him put it out. I turned round and smiled sweetly at him. I still remember his awful expression and grin. It was his last effort. Now that I have retired I think I can say that I have succeeded in two ambitions: to do my job well and (as Ben Lyons said over the air the other night) in making both week-ends meet. To those others coming on — farewell and good fortune! G.H.R. [The writer, Mr. G. H. Rofe, was until his retirement a short time ago a mem­ ber of staff of the Senior School Art Department. He was also a member of the original staff of the College. The Mr. D. Gray referred to was also a member of the original staff and some of his reminiscences appear in this section of the magazine in the article "The Old Days." An outline of Mr. S. Tompkin'- career was given in THE OPEN DOOR for 1956.—Ed.] Literary Section 35

OUT OF THE PAST When trying to think of incidents of past days to relate in The Open Door, I sometimes wish for the aid of a lamp with which to investigate more closely a past which certainly has some very murky moments. I wonder how many of us realise what a big part is played in the student's life by common or garden water, which, as you know, is put to such uses as drinking, ducking and more rarely, washing. This, however, brings me to tell you how on one occasion the duckers were ducked. An unfortunate new student had just been put through his paces and was standing a wet, bedraggled figure at the tap by the Plumbing School much to the amusement of his tor­ mentors, who were standing surveying their handiwork with satis­ faction just at the door of the Engineering School. A situation full of possibilities, as you may perceive. The ducking fraternity were horrified when a moment later they found themselves the target of a well-directed deluge of water from an upper window by several people who were wasting their time at art and should have been in the Fire Brigade. Whilst on the subject of water, I would like to mention that many exciting moments were given us by that convenient tap on the instructor's desk in Room 1. Easy to direct, its stream was of an even and considerable pressure, and when one was in a minority in a students' quarrel, that desk, manned by a capable "gunner" was a veritable, if watery, Gibraltar. Sport has provided the College with plenty of humour and there is one incident which I feel I must exploit. This is the case of the football that went through the laboratory window during recess. When the luckless student who had kicked the ball faced the irate instructor, he was promptly told to pay for the window and fined 5/-. The studentfidgeted nervousl y and when asked by the instructor if he was worried by the large sum, he replied in the negative, but remarked that the cause of his worry was whether he could have the ball back as recess would soon be over. A "shilling in" among the players paid for the window, but football was discontinued as it was likely to become a bit expensive. This brings me to the story of the menace of wandering stock, especially to students. The instructor concerned is now seeing how he can supply Melbourne with Bigger and Better Briquettes. The point of the story that should be noted is that the students were punished for making up excuses, but for once it happened that they were telling the truth, as you will see. A party of five students was aboard a Hawthorn bound tram one morning, debating on their 36 Literary Section

chances of arrival by 9 a.m., when a wandering cow obstructed the tram and refused to listen to reason or profanity. The arrival of the tram at Burwood Road coincided with 9 a.m. and it was a case of every man for himself. Result — first student arrived in class about 9.5 and related a more or less true account of the incident as an excuse for lateness. The second and third students repeated slightly different ver­ sions of the story. By the time No. 4 arrived the story had lost nothing in the telling. The cow by this time having increased to an imaginary herd. The author, to his sorrow, was fifth. I came in unconcerned, buoyed up with the knowledge that I had a good excuse. My greeting, however, was as follows: "Good morning, . Fined 2/6. Sit down. Have they removed the herd of cattle yet?" I related last time an incident concerning a head prefect, a hat, and the threat of a detective. I cannot now resist the temptation to tell of his send-off when he left the college. The bulk of the students were in ignorance of the programme, which had been prepared by a few bright spirits. We assembled in Room 1 to witness the send-off, and after the leading lights of college humour had made speeches and loaded our departing prefect with huge parcels, he stood up to reply. Speaking in a rather patronising manner, he said he was over­ whelmed by our generosity, that we were, after all, really decent kids. Imagine the hilarity when he opened the parcels and produced carrots, bones, etc., and some other really strange articles. This merriment was only equalled when the presents were hurled at ran­ dom round the room. And now I had better let the curtain fall on such an inglorious scene, which, however, was not without its humour. O.B. [The above material was taken from an article published in THE OPEN DOOR, August, 1930. The writer's identity is not known. His reference to fining of students is interesting. Apparently the system was introduced by the late D. D. Griffiths. Students paid a lump sum at the beginning of the academic year to cover all types of offences. Many good stories — some of them best forgotten — are told about the scheme. It is sufficient to say that in a few cases (some famous names are involved here) students were heavily in debt to the College.—Ed.] INSPIRATION Since your College was founded in 1908 we have seen a wonder­ ful growth of interest in education beyond the elementary stage. People are beginning to realise how important it is to provide educa­ tional influences during the most critical years of life, those of early Literary Section 37 adolescence between the ages of 13 and 18. The Swinburne Tech­ nical College is an expression of that interest, and its rapid develop­ ment is a proof that, when facilities are forthcoming, they soon attract eager young folk of the right sort. I well remember the en­ thusiasm which filled the trains and trams passing through Glen­ ferrie till the College buildings could not contain them: "And they came, every one whose heart stirred him up, and every one whom his spirit made willing."

In a sense the College is a school for officers, men and women capable of leadership among their fellows. For, just as in the War, men of the A.I.F. were selected and trained,first, fo r non-commis­ sioned and, afterwards, for commissioned ranks, so, in the civic and industrial army as we need leaders of ability and character, we must provide suitable training to give them the necessary knowledge and skill. In our Australian Army many a man joined as a private and rose to the rank of Colonel. Every student of Swinburne should realise that, in our land of opportunity, nothing can keep back the man of ability and character. It is a happy augury for the success of Swinburne College that it owed its foundation to the generous and public-spirited action of Mr. and Mrs. George Swinburne, who have given freely to the school not only of their money but, equally important, their personal work and interest. All schools should stand for service; the trans­ formation of boys and girls into "serviceable" men and women. Swinburne students have a fine example of the disinterested service of one's fellows shown them in the lives of their founder and his wife. I have said that one practical aim of education is to produce ser­ viceable men and women. This is especially true of a Technical School devoted to training for vocational ends. All the technical knowledge and all the technical skill gained, all the character and leadership developed, are to issue in efficient work in your chosen vocation. In other words, it is to issue in service. The important question arises: "In what spirit is this service given? Is it given grudgingly with a grouch against the person served or is it given freely and with good­ will?" Speaking out of the experience of a long life I say unhesitatingly that the greatest possibilities of happiness in life are to be found in one's ordinary, every-day work. The man who does his job as well as he knows how, and in a spirit of goodwill, soon finds that he has travelled far along the road to real happiness and contentment. Such a school as Swinburne will teach you how to do your job 38 Literary Section effectively, and, if you imbibe its spirit and become a part of its corporate life, it will encourage you to do your job with goodwill to your fellows.

The College has cost large sums to build and equip; it costs a large sum annually to maintain. The fees you pay form only a very small proportion of the cost of your education. May I suggest that the best way for you to discharge your debt to the College is first to make every effort to get from the school such training as will make you efficient in whatever calling you are training for, and then to resolve highly that you will use your developed powers, your technical knowledge and skill in the service of your fellows. If the world recognises "a Swinburne Engineer," or "a Swinburne Plum­ ber," or "a Swinburne Carpenter" not only by his technical ability but by the spirit of service in which he works, the College will be satisfied. Remember, too, that your College is interested in you not merely as future workmen and leaders of workmen; it is interested in you as citizens influencing for good the citizenship of your State, even more insistent on performing your duties to the community than of standing upon your rights; and it is interested in you as men and women with your own individual lives to be livedfinely, wit h your own leisure time tofill well and worthily.

Every student of Swinburne College is proud of the College. It has already made a fine tradition for itself. The question each of you should ask yourself is: "Will the College be proud of me ten, twenty years on?" The answer will not depend so much upon the material success you have attained in the industrial world as upon the spirit in which you do your work. F.T.

[The above article was written for THE OPEN DOOR thirty years ago by the late Frank Tate, M.A., a former Director of Education. Older readers will remember his dynamic personal qualities and remarkable series of educational reforms. Frank Tate was born near Castlemaine in 1863. He attended the local State School and later the famous Model School in Spring Street, situated where the Royal College of Surgeons' building now stands. Melbourne Boys' High developed from the Model School. In 1883 he entered the Training College, then housed at the Model School. On leaving he took charge of a country school near East Kew and it soon became the custom to send students to him for practice. In this period he worked for his degree, gave himself to the study of literature — especially of the Elizabethan period — and graduated in 1888. In 1890 Frank Tate became a lecturer in the Training College and in 1896 inspector in charge of the Charlton district. Act 1777, passed by the Victorian Parliament in December, 1901, required the appointment of a Director of Education and the Peacock Government selected Frank Tate, then 38 years of age.—Ed.] Literary Section 39

TRUE EDUCATION It is comparatively easy to plan out courses of education and training for the general activities of technical schools, but it requires sympathy, experience, much hard work, and patience to see them through. Not only must there be enthusiasm to carry them out, but elasticity and ability to suit the times must be ever present. Once the objective is clear the aim of education is to provide a basis of information necessary for the pupil to build upon, to develop right habits of thought and action in him, inspiring him to confidence and self-reliance, and, above all, giving him a desire for further knowledge. Too much importance is apt to be paid to that portion of a student's life which is spent at school. It is often looked upon as the sole educational period of life. When the work at school is properly done this guiding period is most important; but it must be remem­ bered that education is a life-long process, and not something that terminates on passing an examination. There is more than a grain of truth in Mr. Donald Mackinnon's criticism that not enough re­ search students are turned out of the University, though it may be difficult to trace home the cause. This failing is common to our own educational system, and it would be well if each school asked of itself and its staff: What have we done in the last year outside routine work? If everyone answered that question by deeds, a school could be reasonably proud of its achievements. Students, too, should be encouraged to undertake original work within their powers. The training obtained in setting out the work, gathering facts and co-relating them, is of value often out of all proportion to the results. Again, many a far-reaching piece of re­ search has started out from a very simple question. All classes of technical work have their problems, and the tack­ ling of quite a simple one often calls up knowledge from many sources to solve it. By such adjuncts to teaching can we find the real workers, the enquiring minds, and those who ultimately give us a higher plane to start from. As an instance of a truly educated man the name of A. W. Howitt may be mentioned. He certainly had, at the close of his career, the highest honours a University can bestow for original work. He certainly had the advantage of a scientific training, under Graham, but his education was obtained through life rather than from school. As Warden of the Gold Fields he puzzled over the occurrence 40 Literary Section

of gold. Naturally he sought and read all the published information on the matter; but found the accepted theories so much at variance with his observations that he had to rely on himself. Geological studies led him to mineralogy, petrology, and chemistry. He con­ structed a rock-slicing and polishing machine, and prepared his own specimens. This meant further study and the study of German works to get the latest information. All this he did outside his duties as Warden and Police Magistrate, and his contributions to that branch of science are recognised as of great value. These were not his only interests. As a bushman and explorer he was remarkable, and his papers on the language and customs of native tribes were marked by the same thoroughness. His scientific work and general interests kept him active until the last. He preferred to wear out rather than rust out. This article would not be complete without tribute to another great man who has so recently passed away. The Honourable George Swinburne had the same faculty for work, the same sincerity, and the same sense of public duty. Mr. Swinburne was essentially human, his education never ceased, and he did all these things as extras on his life as a busy, over-worked public man. His death is a sad loss to the College and technical education, but his example is one which we will all cherish and remember. D.C.

[The article above was written for THE OPEN DOOR of May, 1929, by the late Donald Clark, then Chief Inspector of Technical Schools. He is referred to in the following articles: Origins of Technical Education; Memories, 1900- 1928. Donald Clark's contribution to the technical education was immense. He was born 10th February, 1865. In addition to a B.C.E. Degree he held another and unusual qualification —• a Master's Degree in Mining Engineer­ ing. An outline of Clark's career up to the time of his retirement is given irr the Education Gazette, June, 1930; but nothing is known officially of his later life.—Ed.]

[Obviously the pattern of technical education has widened. Readers will be aware that since his appointment in 1950 the present Principal, Mr. A. F. lylee, has sponsored a number of modern developments at the College, such as the theatrette, vocational guidance, a central library, qualified librarians, a director of music, a commerce school, courses in production and chemical engineering, an educational service for Commonwealth Social Service students and a variety of clubs for Swinburnian seniors and juniors. Mr. Tylee is also responsible for assemblies of senior students, addresses by visiting speakers and the inaugural church services, briefly referred to on pages 91-92.—Ed.] Senior Sports Champions.

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Senior Premiership undefeated Baseball Team. Senior School Premiership undefeated Football Team.

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Students' Representative Council, 1958. President, Eldon Smith (extreme left, back row), and Secretary, Lorraine Bysouth (third from left, front row). Literary Section 41

HINTS TO YOUNG CRICKETERS

The schools are naturally regarded as the forcing beds for young cricketers. It is to the schools that the clubs mainly look for their "young blood." Given a good ground to play on and a coach who is proficient in the game and anxious to help in the good work, there is no reason why some very excellent players should not be developed. In thefirst place , a boy must be very keen and make up his mind to practise assiduously; the old saying, "practice makes perfect" applies to cricket perhaps more than any other game. In batting the stand at the wicket is important, and a coach will impress upon his pupil how to watch the ball leaving the bowler's arm and how to make particular strokes off particular balls. The natural strokes of a boy should not, as a rule, be checked and he should not be forced into a fixed groove. Certain elementary things such as keeping the ball down and not to move the right foot (that is, dragging it over the crease in playing forward to a ball) should be taught. A very common fault among boys is to premeditate a stroke before the ball is actually delivered; this very often leads to disaster. The ball should be watched all the time and the batsman should put himself into the proper position to play the ball forward or back as the case may be. Every ball must be met as the pitch of it demands. A boy's success, notwithstanding all the coaching he may receive, will ultimately depend on his own natural abilities, his keen­ ness, perseverance and determination. It is a very good plan for an aspiring young player to closely watch the methods of a recog­ nisedfirst-class batsma n and he is certain to pick up some valuable hints, which will stand him in good stead in manipulating the various strokes of the game. As for the bowler, he.must first of all learn to bowl straight without endeavouring to bowl beyond his strength. He should try to bowl a good length, vary his pace and put on whatever spin he can. These gifts will, however, not be easily attained in all prob­ ability, but when one is developed another can be practised. Bowling is, no doubt, an acquired art with a certain amount of natural ability, but the young bowler who wants to achieve success must use his brains as well and think out what he intends doing all the time. A bowler, by closely studying the play of a batsman, can generally discover his weak points, and this, of course, will be of material assistance to him. A few words about fielding. This is a very important branch of the game which is much neglected, nevertheless, nothing looks so bad as to see a slovenly fieldsman at work. Many a catch is lost by bad fielding and worse catching. My advice to young players is to 42 Literary Section practise catching andfielding generally , that is, picking up the ball cleanly with a dash and promptly returning it to the wicket-keeper or bowler. It is a good plan for catching practice for a player to hit the ball out repeatedly to another in the longfield. Eac h catch that is missed simply adds another batsman to the opposing side. If six catches are dropped the side that drops them has to all intents and purposes sixteeen men to dispose of instead of ten. It is much easier for any young player to excel atfielding than it is at batting or bowling, but very few apparently ever strive to excel in the field. Fielding by many is looked upon as a drudgery to a certain extent. This is a great mistake, for the player who is slack and indifferent in thefield handicaps himself and his side in no small degree. H.T.

[The above account — taken from THE OPEN DOOR of approximately 30 years ago — is the substance of an address given to boys of the Junior School by the late Hugh Trumble, one of Australia's most famous cricketers. Born in 1867 he was educated at the Hawthorn Grammar School and began to play first class cricket in 1887. More than six feet tall, Trumble was a right-hand medium pace bowler with great variety and subtle judgment. In tests against England he took 141 wickets at an average of 21 runs. He achieved the hat- trick twice. On five tours of England he took 603 wickets at an average of 17 runs. In allfirst-class matche s he took 929 wickets at 18 runs each. In addition, Trumble had considerable batting ability and was a sound man in the slips. He died in 1938, occupying at the time the position of secretary to the Mel­ bourne Cricket Club.—Ed.] [Trumble's article is the last to refer to Swinburne's past. The remaining material has been written by the present-day students of the Senior and Junior Schools.—Ed.] jjje i/ajfTx

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43 44 Literary Section

OVERSEAS STUDENTS ARE KEEN OBSERVERS

With mixed feelings, and a keen eye for things we take for granted, the 1958 contingent of students from Asia sets down per­ sonal impressions of travel and of life in Australia. The prospect of travelling and of studying abroad is a matter for rejoicing: leaving home causes brief pangs. It is interesting to see, in some of these writings, it is the men students who register those pangs, while the women students are formidably tough. But the observations of things around them are among the liveliest parts of what follows here. These observations have two chief qualities. First, they are made by people who have the advantage of the traveller over the stay-at- home: their eyes are skinned, everything seems new. Second, they are expressed in a language which is not their writers' native tongue: there are no cliches, no hackneyed phrases, the very words seem new, too. All that an editor can do is preserve that quality and try to set it off to advantage. The stories begin in Asia.

In Singapore, when people tried to run her trip for her, ESTHER CHAN (Commerce) took a firm line: "... When they knew I was going to Australia, everybody said to go by ship. 'Esther,' said one, 'it is better for you to go by ship; just imagine yourself sitting on deck with the lovely view around you.' 'Well,' said another, 'I think you are the luckiest girl; you can walk about in the ship! You can have eight long days in the ship!' 'Don't go by plane,' said another, 'or you will be suffocated in no time. And sitting still in your seat all the time for half a day! Heavens! Haven't you had enough sitting — in school?' I turned my deaf ear to them. But I did not imagine such a short while in a plane would enchant me so much. As the plane went higher and higher, Singapore was left behind and soon I could not see the island any more. Instead, other islands off South-east Asia came into view. Passing over Sumatra. I viewed the rivers, the Ox-Bow lakes, the mountains, and every­ thing seemed to be artificially made of clay; I could not believe I was high up in the air. As nearly all the passengers in the plane were students we had an enjoyable time. Nearly everybodv was busy with something, even those who created their awful jokes, and the fat boy who could not restrain his laughter, and the boy who asked the hostess for milk all the time, and the boy who teased him by saying he must be a baby, and the Malay boy who was allergic to beef and never touched his food. At night there was a complete Literary Section 45 change. The only noise was the hum of the engines; the lights were switched off, and when I peeped through the dolly-like square window I could not see anything except the silhouette of the moon ..."

HO WING TAT (Commerce) took his departure philosophically: "How lucky I am to go abroad for further study. Even so, I feel sorry to leave my lovely family — my father, brothers, sisters, and friends. 'Be brave, my son,' says my father. 'There is a brilliant prospect in front of you. Work hard and take good care of yourself.' 'Good on you, my dear friend,' says another. The ship left the wharf at last, but the journey was not a comfortable one. The ship was jolting about; there was only one small round window in my cabin; the convection of air was poor; there was a strict rationing of water, a thing unavoidable yet hateful and unwelcome. I slept in bed like a dormouse, without eating, for four days ..."

YIM MING KAU (Mechanical Engineering) shed a tear or two, but dried them soon: "As the clock struck twelve the ship from Hong Kong to Sydney drew off slowly from the wharf. All we passen­ gers leaned against the railing, waving our handkerchiefs, gazing at the view of Hong Kong through the tears clinging in our eye­ lashes. Soon the ship was sailing on the ocean. The waves grew bigger and bigger till they were really little hills. They flew up and down and bunted the ship, one after the other. Spindrift was formed after each bunt, showing a rainbow as the sun shone on it. I lay down and suffered very much from sea-sickness. I cast out my •already digested breakfast that I had already eaten at home, and even the sea-sickness drug with it. Next morning I felt much better and went on deck. The sun was shining gold, the sky seemed attached, to the sea, joined to it in a circle in the distance, with our ship for the centre. The wind blew hard but not cold. Then there were the flying-fish: they leaped up from the water and flew long distances at high speeds. Three days went by in this manner. Then, on the fourth day, about noon, we passengers sitting on deck stopped talking: there was a just-visible point in the distance. The point became bigger and bigger: it was an island, all green with coconut trees. As we passed it we saw some natives with black skins fishing from a boat. This cheered us up. We waved and shouted. They didn't hear our voices, but we could see them shouting and waving back. We left the island behind, but still we watched it, growing smaller and smaller, till it disappeared. I had felt like Robinson Crusoe when he met his man, Friday ..." 46 Literary Section

LAU AH SEE (Commerce) suffered, but she soldiered on: "In addition to my sea-sickness, I found that the Australian food on shipboard was queasy. Thinking of the entire trip, I was con­ vinced that my hardships were no lighter than those I had suffered during the Japanese invasion — I could see that I was born to suffer in childhood, in adolescence and in time to come. My fate! I prayed desperately for the voyage to come to an end. To relieve my anxiety, I traced the daily report of our voyage on the bulletin with zeal and enthusiasm; but the results were never up to my expectations; we were still miles and miles from Australia. Because of this, I nearly lost my head at one stage: I used to stand at the rail and ponder for hours. I thought I should submit to the crocodile or shark, if the worst should happen, and give the creature a meal. Indeed, a highlight of the voyage was when an elderly lady actually urged the captain to throw her over-board, and when I heard the rumour I readily prepared myself to be the next voluntary victim and join her under-water venture. Only one thing held me back: pride. Could I, I asked, meet suffering in such a cowardly and unworthy manner? ..."

CHOW VOON YAKE'S (Commerce) first impressions of Aus­ tralians were good, but he has one criticism to make: "After arriving at Sydney Airport I was led to an Immigration Officer and asked to fill up some forms and documents. With several I was not aware of any way to complete them. The officer, seeing me nervously standing aside, came towards me, and patiently helped me tofinish the forms. In spite of its being such a trifling matter — that the persons serving in a Government Department show them­ selves in a humble, polite manner, as real public servants, both to their own subjects as well as to foreigners — we may easily judge that they are well trained and educated people. I have visited several countries, but I found the persons there, though they served in the government service, did not appear as public servants, but treated their people very rudely, and always kept them waiting for a long time before they could get their approval. It is a great contrast in Australia, and this is a distinguishing characteristic. But, like other countries, Australia has its weaknesses. One which I should like to discuss is the local newspapers. To my surprise, when Ifirst caugh t sight of a local newspaper, it contained very little concerning the world's affairs and news from other countries, but much on various types of sport and games, as well as much advertising. As a matter of fact, I found the majority of people inclined to sport and games to the neglect of politics. It is a great pity." Literary Section 47

Within days of his airival here, DOUGLAS CHOONG (Com­ merce) was taking appreciative and comprehensive notes:

"... A week after my arrival some people took me to see the Moomba Festival. The people of Melbourne are very proud of their Moomba, and the directors chose for it the aboriginal word for a gathering: Moomba. Melbourne encouraged Australian ideas for this festival; thus there are exhibitions of literature, dancing, art, sculpture and industry. 'The Herald' held an art show, to enable young artists to learn something, and at the same time to allow the public to view the standards and styles of the artists of their country. There was the Book Fair, in which all the latest and most popular Australian books were displayed. In the same category the Public Library and Museum displayed manuscripts, implements, and relics of the early days of European settlement — for example, the first type of letter-box used in Melbourne, and it appeared to be as big as a present-day telephone booth. Then there was the Australian Industries Fair, and an exhibition of dancing at which the Moomba Queen was selected. In the Alexandra Gardens there was an open- air concert. On Labor Day there was a magnificent procession of floats, with the Moomba Queen seated among flowers, and with a splendid conclusion — the great long winding Chinese dragon, whose spurs glittered in the sun as it twisted and turned in the magnificant dance. I will never forget Moomba for a very long, long time." But YEAP KIM CHUAN (Commerce ) takes a grave view of his fellow-countrywomen abroad: "In Australia nowadays you can see overseas girls walking along the streets. They came to Australia to study and get knowledge, just like the boys who came from Asia. Now, in Asia the different countries have different costumes. Such as the Chinese Shamsun, the Malay and Indonesian Sarong, and when Asian girls wear their national costumes they look very stylish, beautiful and active — just as when the Australian girls wear their bikinis on the beach. But some of the Asian girls, after a few years in Australia, follow the way the Australian girls live. They wear stockings, gloves, high-heel shoes, slacks, put some lip-stick on their lips and cheeks — and sometimes they want the man to serve them as in the Australian custom in social activities ..."

As for.DAVID LING (Art), whom nobody in Melbourne has yet seen without his smile, he secretly harbours mean thoughts about our climate: "I was told before I came to Melbourne that it would be very cool at night. Everybody must wear enough clothes when he goes out or he will catch a bad cold. One might not sweat on a hot day because the weather might be too dry. Not to sweat, how 48 Literary Section fortunate that would be! I had left Hong Kong in winter, but it was very hot in Melbourne when I landed. Any work made me sweat very much. Oh, bad! Who said one would not sweat? But at night it was very cool. I felt this was a bad climate. I should have been very hot in the afternoons if I had worn more clothes: I should have caught cold in the evenings if I had worn less. Therefore I must put on more clothes in the early morning, then undress some at noon, then dress up some more in the evening. Gradually autumn came. Sometimes it was cold, but sometimes it was very hot like a summer's day. How funny, and how bad, Melbourne weather is!"

"How funny and how bad!" Such a phrase sticks in the mind — if only as a title for a musical or an autobiography. But how grave and how good is the following glimpse of Hong Kong by another Art student, MAR CHUN CHIU. Hong Kong is not only "a place with rickshaws": "... I come from the British Colony of Hong Kong. Hong Kong was originally a part of China, but it was ceded to England more than a hundred years ago. It is situated off the South China coast and comprises the main island of Hong Kong, Kowloon peninsula, the New Territories and a group %f islands. Hong Kong is cold in December, January and February. Its summer is from May until August. Rain comes very often in the summer, and the visits of that unwelcome guest, the typhoon, do great damage to the harbour and crops. Apart from this, the weather of Hong Kong is rather lovely. Two millions of people live in such small space that it becomes a problem for the authorities to get enough houses built for them to live in. Although many new buildings are being erected and many old houses are being rebuilt, Hong Kong is still very crowded. Sport in Hong Kong may seem rather strange to Melbourne people. Hong Kong people all follow soccer in the winter. There is nothing more exciting to them than an important match between famous soccer teams. To watch the match, people will go hungry all day and take their dinner late in the evening. In the summer, people spend their spare time by the sea. There are many beaches around the island and the salt water is of a bright green that attracts people to stay on the beach until sunset. Swimming across the harbour is an important feat to Hong Kong people. Hundreds of swimmers compete for the honour annually. In May the greatest attraction is the Dragon Boat Race in which the boats are shaped like dragons. They come from all districts of Hong Kong to win the prize — just for the glory. The contest is noisy. When the race starts, drums are beaten as the boats shoot forward, the roar of applause seems tofill the sky. This race is one of the old Chinese Customs, but all Hong Kong joins in the excitement. Entertainment in Hong Literary Section 49

Kong is varied. There are many cinemas all open seven days a week. As films come from different countries, people have a wide choice. The colourful Chinese Opera attracts many foreign visitors, because the essentialflavour of this opera cannot be found except in China — of which Hong Kong is really a part. Night clubs and restaurants are luxurious, especially thefloating restaurants in thefishing villages . They supply delicious sea-food as well as the novelty of being enter­ tained afloat. Education in Hong Kong is not as widespread as in Australia. One small university serves the two million people, and when students leave high school many must fail to get into the university's few places. Many of them leave to study in other coun­ tries. Hong Kong is a great commercial centre. Goods come to Hong Kong from mainland Asia, and are distributed to countries overseas. Hong Kong also has its own products: its textiles, enamelled goods and metal-ware have markets in many parts of the world. The pros­ perity of Hong Kong's industry helps relieve the constant unemploy­ ment problem. But how long can Hong Kong's products compete with Japanese goods, produced by cheaper labour? Hong Kong is a small place, but it has its own importance and its own way of life. Visit it and understand it; then you will see that it is not only a place with rickshaws, but also a meeting place for the civilisation of China and Europe." And so we might say, is Swinburne.

Landladies I Have Met was the topic chosen by SUSIE WONG (Chemistry). Other Asian students who chose it had nothing but praise for the Melbourne people they found themselves living with, but Susie had certainly been around before she found contentment: "I was accommodated in a Y.W.C.A. hostel until three months ago; then, to save travelling such a distance every day, I found a small room near Swinburne and my troubles with landladies began. Myfirst was an old lady with a strong build of body and white hair. Her husband died a few years ago, leaving her the house. In the first weeks she was quite friendly to me, talked to me a lot and even offered me cakes, and if I asked her whether I might do this or that she would answer with a most kindly gesture and say 'Yes, of course, you may do whatever you like.' From that moment I thought I had found an ideal place and I would be happy there. But during the following week she hardly even spoke to me and one evening as I was going to have a bath I found the bath was dirty so I washed it with Ajax. Suddenly she appeared and said, 'Don't you wash my bath with Ajax; it will spoil my bath, and you needn't wash it because nobody has taken a bath since you had yours last night.' I was so furious that I shut the door a bit loud behind her. She then turned back, knocked at my door and, when I opened it, 50 Literary Section glared at me and said, 'Don't you dare bang the door behind me,' and was gone. I started to look for another place the next day. My next landlady was an old woman, too, but she lives with her husband. This is now one of my requirements when I look for rooms, because I believe that old women who do not stay with their husbands or are unmarried are the hardest to get along with. I must say that this old married couple were good and helpful to me — in fact, they were too good. I have nothing against them except that they were too kind that I felt obligated. They wanted to treat me as their daughter in everything. I did much to please them. I thought it was too much a burden so I shifted to the Salvation Army Hostel opposite Swinburne with the feeling that I would be well settled there, without any unpleasant (or too pleasant) land­ lady to deal with . . . But I am now living in a half-self-contained flat with the landlady far, far away, and I am very, very happy ..."

SUSIE LIM (Art) started a week-end under difficulties, but Rotary and the good people of Frankston set everything right: "I do not know whether this is about Australian hospitality or about Rotary. As an Asian student, I can only say that one never knows how well off one is at home, and one never feels so lost as when one has missed the way in a foreign land. At school we have work to keep our minds off homesick thoughts, but at other times one can feel completely lost. Take the second-last Friday of first term, when the Rotary Club of Frankston had invited several Swin­ burne Asian students to stay at Frankston for the week-end. "Everything went wrong. The others said to meet them on the Friday at Flinders Street Station at 5.30 p.m. But we missed our train at Glenferrie, and got to Flinders Street at 5.55. Our partv had left at 5.52! "However, there would be a train to Frankston at 6.10 we were told, so we bought tickets and caught it. We arrived all right. but the others had been met by the Rotarians there, and the Frankston Station was deserted. We did not know where — or even know who — our hosts were. The thing to do was to go to the Rotary Club. but the Station Master could not direct us; neither could a taxi- driver. "I wanted to catch the next train back to Melbourne. Then a bus-driver hailed us. Where did we want to go? Rotary? Certainly. he said; they meet at the Grand Hotel. "At the hotel a steward told us that Rotary had rooms there- it only met there; its meeting was not tonight but last night; and he did not know the Rotary secretary's name. Literary Section 51

"Then we had our next friendly hail. An old man came over to us, said he knew a Rotary member, and went off to phone for him. While hours seemed to pass, the hotel-keeper gave us tea and biscuits. "At last the old man came back with his Rotary friend, and Rotary took over. The Rotarian I stayed with was president of the Frankston High School Parents' and Teachers' Association. Rotary put on a dance at the Frankston Town Hall; there were about 30 Asian students and 60 others. On the Sunday, Rotary carried us off to a picnic at the Garden of the Moon at Dromana. It was a bad day — a Melbourne day! — cold and windy, but Rotary's warm hospitality made up for that."

ELEGY WRITTEN IN A CHEMISTRY LAB.

The shrill bell tolls the end of school to-day, The liquid streams wind slowly o'er the bench, Each to a sink they crawl their weary way, And leave the lab to blackness and to stench.

Save that from yonder strange and fume-proof tower, The moping student doth to the room complain, Of such that wandering near his secret bower, Molest his ancient solitary reign.

Perhaps on this neglected shelf is laid Some bottle pregnant with ferocious fire, Force that the lab's foundation might have swayed. Or waked to ecstasy a master's ire.

The boasts of Chemistry, each mighty stink, And all that acid with a base e'er gave, Await alike the inevitable sink, And little is there that one can save.

For them no more the blazing bunsens burn, As busy chemist ply his trembling care, Till when the students do to school return, And do experiments to raise their hair. J.H. 52 Literary Section

RADIO-CARBON DATING

I was recently reading a magazine article on investigations of caves in which there were remains of prehistoric man. The author became quite excited over the discovery of a hearth with fragments of charcoal in it and explained his excitement by claiming that the age of the remains could now be determined with considerable accuracy by "Radiocarbon dating."

As this was news to me, I decided to try to find out something about it. What I found was roughly as follows. First, we must have a little explanation of the principle involved. It is generally known that the earth is constantly bombarded by cosmic rays emitted from the sun which are to some extent absorbed by the particles com­ posing the earth's atmosphere. In these particles are atoms of differ­ ent elements. Each atom consists of a very small but heavy nucleus composed of neutrons and protons and round this nucleus revolve a number of electrons, rather like the American and Russian Satel­ lites revolving round the earth. Now the protons and neutrons in the nucleus all have some mass but the protons alone have an electrical charge. It is the total of electrical charge on the protons in the nucleus which ultimately determines the chemical nature of each atom. Due to the effect of the cosmic rays on atomic nuclei in the upper atmosphere, a certain number of free neutrons are wandering about. These free neutrons can be captured by atoms and enter into their nucleus. If a neutron enters the nucleus of an atom, its chemical nature is unchanged, since the number of protons is not altered, but the nucleus is different. Many of the new types of nuclei thus formed are unstable and sooner or later break up emitting protons and thus gradually turn into atoms of a different element. The "death rate" of these unstable nuclei can be determined and is a fixed quantity for each kind of nucleus.

Amongst the unstable atoms thus formed are those of C14 which are chemically the same as ordinary carbon atoms (C12) but "die off" according to a rate that has been measured. This means that of the carbon atoms found in nature a certain fixed fraction will be C1* atoms instead of the ordinary C12 atoms. These two kinds of carbon atoms become incorporated in living matter, both vegetable and animal, and during life the constant interchange with the envir­ onment causes the proportion of radioactive (C14) to ordinary (C12) carbon to be constant. But, when the plant or animal dies, this constant interchange with the carbon atoms in the atmosphere ceases and the radioactive atoms slowly but surely decay into atoms other than carbon and the proportion of radioactive carbon atoms to Literary Section 53 ordinary (non-radioactive) carbon atoms gradually decreases at a known rate. Now when a radioactive atom disintegrates it shoots out one or more particles at an exceedingly high speed and a Geiger counter counts just these particles. So, if we take some of the charcoal from the prehistoric campfire and burn it to carbon dioxide, some of the carbon atoms in this gas will be radioactive and affect a Geiger counter. Consequently, for a fixed quantity of carbon dioxide thus prepared, the number of counts per minute in the Geiger counter will steadily decrease at a known rate over the ages because of the decay of the radioactive carbon atoms. This is the principle used in radiocarbon dating. However, a practical difficulty arises. High speed particles that will affect a Geiger counter are constantly dashing about and these normally produce more counts per minute than the radioactive car­ bon atoms from the prehistoric charcoal. This difficulty has been met by some ingenious instrumentation. The container of the gas being examined is enclosed in a box with very thick lead walls and inside the box are a number of Geiger counters surrounding the container of gas. A particle coming from outside will dash right through the whole contraption and will affect a Geiger counter on both sides of the container in the centre; the instrumentation is so arranged that such an event is not counted. On the other hand, a particle emanating from the container in the centre will pass into and affect the Geiger counter only on one side of the box and these counts alone are recorded. Ingenious, isn't it? C.F.

INSPIRATION Inspiration is an art, And art an inspiration. We stamp our feet and tear our hair To make an inspire hasten! C.A.

HUMOUR She didn't dance, she didn't sing, She never showed a shapely knee; She thought the jazz a foolish thing She did, for she was eighty-three. C.A. 54 Literary Section

TITANIUM — A METAL WITH A FUTURE

On some parts of the Australian coast the beach sands are black or nearly so. The sand does not look very attractive but it contains two minerals of economic importance — rutile and ilmenite — which are being separated from the sands and used to make titanium metal. We usually think of titanium as being a rare metal but actually it is not so; it is more abundant in the earth's crust than copper, lead or zinc. It is, however, more widely scattered and is seldom found concentrated in a single mineral deposit; hence the importance of the beach sands where it has been concentrated by natural processes. Extraction of the metal is also difficult, since the vital operations have to be carried out in the absence of oxygen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide. Consequently, its price is high being £2 to £-5 (Aust.) per pound. It should be remembered though that, before the commercial demand for it arose, aluminium metal was equally expensive. Titanium is a hard, white metal which takes a polish like steel and is very resistant to corrosion and other kinds of chemical attack. Hence it is coming into use where this resistance is of special importance, for example in containers for chemical solutions or for salt water. Possibly it will be more and more used for ships' pumps andfittings handling sea water. It is only 1.6 times as dense as aluminium and 60% as dense as alloy steel; the strength per unit weight is greater than for the common engineering alloys. Its fatigue resistance, impact resistance and hardness are comparable with those of alloy steels and superior to those of aluminium. Heat-expansion and heat-conduction are lower than for aluminium or steel and it is generally more resistant to high temperatures, though it is liable to become brittle on con­ tinued exposure to temperatures above 1,000° F. It can be forged, welded, rolled and machined in the same manner as steel. It is being largely used in the engines and frames of super­ sonic aircraft and missiles. Here, of course, expense is of little import. But, even for peacetime conditions, it may be economical to use titanium in the construction of aircraft. It is a "rule of thumb" amongst aircraft designers that each pound of weight saved means an increase in annual revenue from payload of 200 dollars. So, if most of the stainless steel in a 40,000 lb. transport like a DC-4 is replaced by titanium, which is half as heavy but just as strong, the potential increase of revenue will be greater than the extra cost. It is also possible to save 400 pounds in the weight of a large jet engine by the same substitution, making a reduction of 5 to 6 per cent, in the weight of the whole jet aircraft. Literary Section 55

Experiments have also been made in using titanium for ortho­ paedic and orthodontic devices, for high-speed components in textile machinery, for light-weight and portable machine tools and even in cooking utensils. Judging by what has happened in the apparently similar case of aluminium, we could expect that in the future better and cheaper methods of recovering the metal will be evolved and it is likely that our descendants will find themselves using titanium to a great extent in their daily lives. M.J.D.

THE SEA-GULL Down beside the sea-side, Down beside the shore, High above the cliff tops Wheeling evermore! That's where you'll find the sea-gull In the sky and by the sea, Flapping wings at ships' hulls, That's where he'll always be. B.A.

"ALONG THE ROAD OF HARDSHIPS" We didn't ever strike much gold, my ole grey mate an' me. But always was the life we led, the best life, which is free. We 'ad our dreams, an' they were good—bright rainbow dreams were they; The dreams that surely seemed to shout, "Cheer up, there'll come a day." Chaps 'round about us used to strike the metal good an' strong; In fact, it seemed to Bill an' me they never could go wrong. But not for us was any find; our luck was counted out— Of that there wasn't, I can swear, one simple clod of doubt. We used to nearly starve at times, but Bill 'ad various ways Of getting that four-footed food which sometimes forward strays. An' we 'ad good potatoes, too, an' cabbages an' such, A lot of useful garden stuff that sometimes counts for much. Yes, they were 'ard, them olden times gone through by Bill an' me, But 'ard against the 'ardness was the fact that we were free. LB. 56 Literary Section

PURIFICATION OF GERMANIUM BY ZONE MELTING

It seems to be characteristic of modern metallurgy that metals are being prepared in a state of exceptional purity, even though the purified metal is afterwards mixed with others to make alloys. It is also characteristic that many metals which have been merely chemical curiosities are coming into commercial use because they are found to have properties which are required for some specific purpose. The metal germanium is one of these metals which are being used more and more at the present day; the present great use is in the fabrication of transistors, which are finding application in the radio and electronicfield. The allowable impurity in germanium for this purpose is about one part of impurity to ten million parts of germanium, moreover the impurities must be atoms of a specified kind. Accordingly techniques have been developed which involve preparing germanium of hitherto unheard of purity and then incorporating the requisite amounts of the required impurities. The method generally used for the purification is called Zone Melting and consists infirst o f all shaping the germanium in the form of a rod and then traversing a thin zone of melted metal along the length of the rod. This may be done many times. An impurity tends to remain in the melted layer and so is carried on with it to one end of the rod. The end of the rod carrying the impurity is finally cut off and the purified residue used as pure germanium. The thin melted zone is usually produced by radio-frequency induction heating, the width of the molten zone being controlled by the power input. The zone is passed along by moving the rod through the centre of the coil carrying the primary current. The speed of movement of the zone is about eight inches per hour. The rod-shaped ingot of metal is enclosed in a silica tube in an atmosphere of purified hydrogen and the path of the crucible is inclined to the horizontal in order to reduce the transfer of germanium towards the end of the rod which is last to solidify. The remaining percentage of impurity in the purified metal is measured by a method which makes use of the electrical resistivity of the material. Similar zone melting techniques can be used for the purification of almost any fusible solid. J.M.K.

WORK STUDY Why do people work at all? What makes them work? How can the application of incentives induce people to produce more articles in a given time? What is the approach of the Work Study Literary Section 57

Department to a difficult foreman? Do they "pad" his seat before they kick him? When "kicked" does he behave objectionably to his men? Or does he use unprintable language? These are some of the questions which were posed and answered at a recent Open Forum of the Institute of Industrial Engineers. Several groups of our senior students training in Motion and Time Study attended the Institute's lectures at Federation House, Flinders Street, and were able to participate in the meetings. It is essential that everyone, from the General Manager of a Company, down to the most insignificant worker in the organiza­ tion, should have some idea of what Work Study means; because sooner or later each will be faced with the Work Study Engineer and his stop watch. Work Study is a term used to embrace the techniques of Method Study, Work Measurement and Incentives; these techniques are employed to ensure the best possible use of human and material resources in carrying out a specified activity. Work Study comes closer home than this; when a new home is being designed Work Study in a modified form can be applied: the average housewife spends more than half her life in the kitchen, so it should be designed for utility as well as for looks; instead of spending her years walking many miles from her kitchen to the laundry, she merely has to step from one into the other. If we analyse Work Study in its broadest sense, we must con­ sider the newer methods that have been developed for solving problems similar to those already mentioned. These new techniques are called Operational Research. Morse and Kimball define Operational Research thus: O.R. is a scientific method of providing executive departments with a quan- titive basis for decisions regarding the operations under their control. O.R. commenced during the last war when scientists trained in various disciplines were used in odd places where it was thought that they could contribute to the solutions of problems. It gradually emerged that groups representing mixed disciplines could study problems of an operational nature and produce solutions often very surprising that really worked in the operational situation. One such group led by Prof. Blackett of University of Manchester comprised 3 physiologists, 2 mathematical physicists, 1 astro­ physicist, 1 army officer, 1 surveyor, 1 general physicist, and 2 mathematicians. When the war ended some industries took up the idea, forming somewhat similar mixed groups, to solve operational problems in industry. 58 Literary Section

What part does Swinburne play in this rapidly expanding field of Work Study? Our Production Engineering Department commenced in 1956 and now provides Diploma and Certificate courses. Our well equipped Metrology Laboratory is the only one in a technical college in Australia that had the recognition of the National Associ­ ation of Testing Authorities; we are qualified to take on industrial measuring work and issue N.A.T.A. Certificates. Swinburne is not very far behind technical colleges in Britain either. The Head of our Production Department, Mr. A. D. Pead, recently visited the U.K. and France and was able to see the way educational authorities encourage students to train in all branches of Work Study. What of the future? We hope to enlarge our department to include a Motion and Time Study Laboratory, as well as a fully equipped Machine Tools Laboratory, for the conduct of tool life, machine capability and quality control tests. This will take time but the effort will be worthwhile. We are proud to be helping Australia's advance in this new field. B.J.McA.

HIKING FEVER I With apologies to the poet-laureate.)

I must hike over the ranges again, to the rolling hills and sky, And all I ask is our Hiking Club and an untrod route to try; And the dog's bark and the bird's song and the white clouds sailing And the sun's heat on thefield's face, and a farm-boy's hailing.

I must hike over the ranges again, for the call of the gumlands wide Is a wild call and a clear call that may not be denied; And all I ask is a clear-gold day, with the bush birds flying, And the fresh air and the blown grass and the far herds crying.

I must hike over the ranges again, in the vagrant hiking way, Thro' the ferny gullies, by the track of ages, till I feel the tall trees sway; And all I ask is a, merry yarn from a laughing fellow rover, And a cool drink and a quiet smoke when the long hike's over. P.T. Literary Section 59

TELEVISION

Television is the picture of an action taken with a camera and sent in the form of ultra-short radio waves across space to a receiver. The picture emanates from a studio. A television studio is very like a film studio, with cameras, microphones and scenery. The producer and his assistants are in a control room, behind sound­ proof windows. The producer has toi watch monitor screens, and he gives the cue for camera changes, to see that the right picture is given at the right time, from the right angle and taken with the correct lens. He gives advice to the studio manager and cameramen as well as the lighting people. Camera movements are plotted and rehearsed beforehand. Studio-Designers who design scenery have to think of many things. They can make a street look a hundred yards long, whereas its studio length is twenty yards or less. This is done by "perspective". Most of the scenery is made of canvas stretched over wooden frames and glued, then painted. Mirrors or glass in picture frames are seldom used, because they catch the reflections of the studio lights. When a television show is on the air there is little time to adjust the lights. There are different types of basic lighting, spot­ lights, ordinary lights,fluorescent and many other kinds. Until recently lights had to be strong and emitted great heat. Experts tried cooling them down by putting them in jackets of running water. Now with the improved camera tube — "image orthicon" — the lights don't have to be so strong, so they are cooler and easier to work under. No matter how much an actor in a television show moves around he must have a microphone to be heard. Microphones can be hidden behind books, in vases, or anywhere on the set where they are out of sight. The microphone is normally attached to a mike-boom, which swings and follows him wherever he goes. A mike-boom is a jointed telescopic pole which is mounted on a high stand. The microphone hangs from the end of the pole. The television camera converts the picture it sees into an electrical picture which can be sent through wires, across space, to a receiver. In the receiver is a cathode ray tube which has an electron gun that shoots electrons onto a flourescent screen. The screen gives off rays of light and dark as long as it is being scanned by the electron gun. 60 Literary Section

The picture on the screen is built up of 625 lines of light and dark which you can see if you look closely. The beam repeats the 625 lines 25 times a second. Our eye doesn't work fast enough to see the spaces in between. The camera has four lenses which are mounted on a plate called a "turret". Each lens takes a different picture of the same subject from close-up to long distance. The cameramen can see the picture through a miniature screen built in the camera. He is told what to do through earphones which are connected to the control room. The producer tells him the picture to get and when to change his position for the next shot. Any programme which does not originate from the studio is called an "outside broadcast." The television station could arrange for these programmes, for example: football match, a circus show. a play from a theatre or a museum visit. When planning an "out­ side broadcast" the producer and an engineer go to the location. They check the space they have to work in, the positions of the cameras, the source of enough electric power to run the equipment. and the location for the radio; link so that it will be in direct line with the transmitter. After he has made his survey he builds his programme in much the same way as he does in the studio. • Hours or even days before transmission engineers move in tons of equipment and set to work. As one group arranges and tests the control room gear, other engineers attend to the camera and power cable. Others erect and test the high aerial. Once the cable is laid the cameras are set up. The transmitter, the cameras, and the control equipment are all tested, and the inter-communication system linking the producer, cameramen and engineers is checked. Constant telephone contact is kept with the station. Sometimes a mobile van unit is used. It has to supply the power to work all the equipment. Sometimes it obtains it by plug­ ging it into a nearby building or by using a petrol engine generator. Finally the van has to send back the signals to the studio or to the transmitter to be re-broadcast to a receiver. The transmitter is usually put in the highest possible place: on top of a tall building or a high hill. The higher the transmitter aerial the greater the area over which the programme can be received. In the future pictures will have 1,000 lines instead of 625 lines which will make the picture clearer. Television is a wonder­ ful form of entertainment and has high educational qualities. K.B. Literary Section 61

INDIA

"I have now been in India for three months and have covered a large area of the subcontinent. Ifirst travelled through Western India, north from Bombay, up through Gujarat and Saurashtra, then down south, up through the Deccan, the great plain which covers the centre of India, and have nearly reached the north, where I am to spend two more months, including a visit to Kashmir. I certainly found it strange at first, but have adapted myself to nearly everything now. My ability to sit crosslegged and eat vegetarian food with my fingers is still limited. However the Indians have suchflexible muscles that they can squat with their knees under their chins for hours in great comfort. The "asinas" or yoga exercises I have seen are extraordinary. Young men twist their legs around their necks and stand on their heads for hours and it is a great form of relaxation. At an "ashram" in Pondicherry, the home of a great philo^ sopher Shri Aurobindo, hundreds of young men and women spend their whole time in building a perfect soul.in a perfect body. The first part is done by study and meditation, the second by the most intensive, elaborate and well equipped programme of sport, games, exercises and body building that I have ever seen. Australians have a lot to learn in regard to control of the body. We have replaced the natural functions of our body with artificial supports-^ chairs, knives and forks, lifts, and other 'amenities' of modern industrial societies. The worst thing about India is travelling by train. I travel third class with the crowd — and what a crowd it is! Every train arrives at a station full, and a large crowd fights its way in through the doors and windows until every inch is jammed tight with people and a vast quantity of luggage, for Indians always travel as if they are going around the world. I am usually at the back of the crowd and get on last, but I always find a few inches of seat. Some trains have people clinging outside to the windows and the foot­ board, and the hawkers risk death all day long by swinging along the outside of the train, from carriage to carriage, selling goods of all descriptions. If the scenery happens to bore you, you can always be amused by the non-stop show, one can almost call it a circus, of hawkers and beggers and singers. The hawkers sell everything — from a hundred kinds of food to stolen jewellery. The beggars pester you continually, and there will always be half a dozen men and boys who will sing the latest Indian hit songs at full blast with 62 Literary Section various primitive musical accompaniments, and demand money from you for this compulsory concert. At night I usually sleep in the luggage rack, if I can get it first, or on the floor if there is room. One can adapt oneself to anything. I have done so many interesting things and met so many delightful people that I can hardly remember them. They include cabinet ministers, film stars, multi-millionaires, scholars, saints and a vast number of pleasant middle class people and honest up-right country villagers. Everybody who can speak English wants to talk to me and I want to talk to them. Everybody is most hospitable and obliging and they all want me to stay three months with them. I wish I could, but I would be here all my life. I have had several strange experiences. After a lavish wedding which cost £.90,000 I was sick all night, from sitting cross-legged for too long and eating too highly spiced food. I toured forest camps in a jungle for two days. I climbed two sacred Jain mountains and wandered among the thousands of temples on the top. (Interruption while I ate a very large vegetarian lunch, specially cooked without chillies). The Englishman is still looked on as God by many of the poorer people and servants, and I can get anything done immedi­ ately by speaking a quiet word. (Swinburne boys please note!) I have just had a fascinating experience. I spent six days as guest in an orthodox upper middle class Muslim home. Purdah is still strictly enforced there, so I did not see any of the women, but as there are thirty children in the family, I was not without company. A servant slept outside my door at night, and the whole atmosphere was quite unreal — the 17th century projected into the 20th century. J.W. (The writer, Mr J. Watson, was a member of staff in the Boys' Junior School in 1957. He is referred to in Personal Items.—Ed.)

NAURU

Nauru is an island in the central Pacific and one of the world centres for phosphate rock, which is exported mainly to Australia and New Zealand, with a small amount to England, for the manu­ facture of superpbosphate fertilisers. The area of the island is only 5260 acres, of which about three-quarters bear phosphate. The Literary Section 63 rock is worked by the British Phosphate Commission, whose mem­ bers are England, Australia and New Zealand. The phosphate rock of Nauru varies in analysis from 83 to 87% of tricalcium phosphate and isfirst mine d by grabs from an open-cut and carried from the field by trucks to trains. Lumps of coral are removed by hand picking and the rock is sent to the dry­ ing unit where it isfirst groun d to a size not greater than 2 to 3 inches in diameter by gyratory crushers to facilitate the drying and shipping. The rock, which contains about 10 to 12% moisture, is sent through four rotary, parallel-flow driers fired by crude oil and about eight feet in diameter. Here it is dried to 3% moisture, which is constantly checked by the laboratory. From the driers it is carried by conveyor belt to the storage unit from which it is taken by another conveyor to the cantilever for loading on ships. There are difficulties in mooring ships to receive this cargo. The depth is about 2000 fathoms at a distance of only a few hundred feet from the reef — probably the deepest moorings in the world today. Ships are moored to buoys which are in turn anchored. The cantilever extends some fifty feet beyond the edge of the reef and loads the rock directly into the ship; a ship of about ten thousand tons is loaded in not more than five hours, Loading is possible only when the wind is off-shore; during westerlies it is impossible. A royalty is paid on each ton of phosphate exported. Part goes to the Nauruan landowner, part is held by the government in trust for him and the rest is spent on Nauru affairs. The Nauruans, with their income from the phosphate, are comparatively well-off and live quite comfortably, having a very easy and simple life. They live in well-built houses and many of them own motor cars or motor cycles. The road built round the island is only about eleven miles long but the Nauruans seem never to tire of rounding the circuit in their own cars or the public bus; in fact, this seems their main pastime. There are about two thousand Nauruans on this small island with the addition of nine hundred other Pacific Islanders, six hundred Chinese and two hundred European, including English, Australian and New Zealanders. All the technical parts in phos­ phate mining are done by European and Chinese mechanics, while the laborious part is done by Pacific Islanders. The Chinese living there are mostly mechanics and business­ men; for the latter they seem to have a natural bent. They hold cook-shops, tea-shops, and other small stores carrying all sorts of trade among inhabitants and visitors to China Town, where they 64 Literary Section live with some islanders. In fact, China Town seems to be the heart of Nauru Island, especially after working hours. There are here a basketballfield an d a theatre which plays a very important part in Chinese cultural life. Occasionally they give a stage per­ formance of Cantonese Opera with very colourful costume, mixed up with a lot of banging and drumming and other noises till midnight. As few Chinese ladies are available, the female parts are played by young boys — which, of course, adds to the fun. Very often, especially at the Chinese New Year, a European or Nauruan team is invited to play basketball or Soccer against a Chinese team. Australian football is not very popular there, though it is played by some Nauruans. The Pacific Islanders are a music-loving people. About once a month, or at the Christmas holidays, they gather at an appointed place with guitars and ukeleles in their hands, or even an empty box to be used as a drum, wearing pandanus shirts, with frangipani flowers on their heads and dance and sing until dawn. Usually they form different groups, according to the islands from which they come, and each group performs in front of the others in turn. The action of the dancers and the words of the songs are mostly of their love and work. They are indeed a very happy and contented people. Twice a week pictures, provided by the Phosphate Commis­ sioners, are shown. Naturally most of the films are American; the Westerns seem to be the most popular with the island people. There is a golf club on the island which is used only by Europeans. Because the island is on the equator it is very hot in daytime, so swimming is the most popular sport. The boat harbour in Nauru provides such a beautiful spot for this pastime that every day after work there are many people, mostly Europeans, swimming there. It was my good fortune to work in this paradise for nearly two years as a laboratory assistant but it is now my very great privilege to start again my school life by studying at the Swinburne Technical College. I.S.Y.

MY FIRST-CLASS HIKE

The morning air was fresh as we boarded the 6.15 a.m. Sydney train to Wallan. My companion was doing hisfirst hike . This was my second hike but officially myfirst first-class hike . As the train slid out of Spencer Street I imagined that it had begun. I opened by big rugged water-proof pack, and drew out Sports and- House Captains, Junior Girls' School.

Junior School Prefects, 1958. Boys' Head Prefect, Charles Duncan (centre front row), and Girls' Head Prefect, Robin Kennedy (front row, immediate right of Boys Head Prefect). Junior Soccer Team with the teacher-in-charge, Mr. A. Johnston.

Sports and House Captains, Junior Boys' School. Literary Section 65 maps of the vast unknown we were to penetrate: the Mount Disappointment area. We felt like Burke and Wills. In an incredibly short time we slid into the platform of bur stop. We alighted from the train on to a dilapidated structure, with one of those tin signs reading "Wallan". After pursuing the earthen, the only track, for several minutes, we dimly sensed the incline becoming steeper. This was ourfirst taste, we thought, of mountaineering. Like Ruskin in the Swiss Alps we sketched interesting scenery as we went along and,finally, at 12.30 p.m., approximately six hours after leaving the city, we devoured our cut lunches. Cut is the right word! Ours seemed, by then, to have been cut pretty short. Afterwards maps were read and direction was checked. About 3 o'clock we came upon the cabin we were to have slept in that night, but one of the walls had been demolished by wind. As it was still early afternoon we decided to continue onward to the summit. Trig point at the summit was sighted at 4.30 p.m. A large pinetree afforded a suitable camp site and we prepared for night. Our last sleepy glimpses were of the lights of Whittlesea, our destination, five miles away. We were aroused in the morning by the hideous laugh of some kookaburras. I opened the tent-flap and found heavy dew had soaked every stick of available wood. But my companion produced a stove out of his pack, and I jumped with surprise, as if it had been a bunny from a hat — if there had been bunnies. and if we had possessed hats. While we stayed in bed, breakfast seemed to Cook itself. Now we began to leave our highland home. By 10 a.m. we were well down the mountain. We passed the Tooroorong Reservoir about a mile on our left and reached Whittlesea bv noon. Whittlesea is so little a town that you camp in its midst, so over a small fire we boiled tinned sausages and vegetables. We washed our meal down withfloods of malted milk before we boarded the train at 1.30 p.m. Safety at last! K.C.

THE CROYDON GYMKHANA

The day of the Croydon Gymkhana dawned clear and sunny. The sky was blue and cloudless '-— a perfect day for the much longed-for happening. Not having been to one before, I was very eager and curious. 66 Literary Section

We arrived at the ground just before twelve, and already the gymkhana was in full swing. All the jumps and hurdles were up, horse boxes and cars were dotted here and there round the sides and costumed riders on their mounts stood patiently waiting for their events at the entrances. I was amazed at the number of people. I didn't realise until after that this was the biggest and most popular horse show in Victoria, bar the Royal Melbourne Show. Beside the actual gymkhana section, there were side shows, woodchopping contests, cattle and goat pavilions, agricultural divisions, Highland, Irish and "H.M.S. Vincent" Dancing Com­ petitions, and, of course, food and jumble stalls. Later on there was to be a beauty contest held over near the Cattle Section. All the horse events went smoothly, and we watched several friends of ours, on their ponies, taking part. Three or four times we heard their names being announced over the loudspeaker on the truck in the centre of the ground. Meanwhile the weather became hotter and stickier and soft drink flowed continually. As we watched the competitors coming off the ring, some with gaily coloured banners, or felt, silk fringed ribbons, we saw that they were tired and exhausted. The once smart, corduroy velvet jodphurs and neatly pressed riding jackets were now looking a little worse for wear, and the brown crash- helmets were tilted at rather extraordinary angles. I enjoyed the Fancy Dress Parade immensely. Little girls in tiny white fluffy tutus, gauzy fairy wings, and holding tinselly wands, trotted about on stocky Shetlands, and ghosts, knights-in- armour, Robinhoods, soldiers, Humpty Dumpties, dolls and gypsies. took part, making it a truly colourful and vivid spectacle. The winners of the beauty contest sat in a handsome black shining coach, drawn by four high stepping hackneys, festooned with red and blue decorations and silver bells. These joined in the grand parade. And then, at last, we set off home, after a truly enjoyable and excitement-filled day. ', J.L.

SUNSET AT MALLACOOTA

It is just before twilight and the sun is sinking behind the clouds that the cooling westerly is bringing to the hot beach I am on. The waves are rising with the wind and are breaking over the rocky shore of the inlet and the wind is blowing up the face of the rock cliff, now darkening as the light fades, making details Literary Section 67 indistinct. The beach is deserted save for a solitary fisherman dragging up his rowboat out of reach of the incoming tide, and all is quiet; the silence broken only by the sound of the waves. I look up and see a great black and white albatross hanging almost motionless in the wind, his huge wings glinting in the last rays of the sun. He is waiting, as I am, for the fish to come in with the tide and nightfall. At last the sun sets completely, and as it drops over the horizon, so too does the albatross into the waves to emerge with a glistening fish, and to sit there on the water gorging it. I hurriedly cast out my line in an effort to catch my tea also. Almost no sound has been made as yet by us, the two fishermen, and our solitude is still complete and captivating in its peacefulness. Our solitude is broken suddenly now by a shout and sounds of men laughing and talking, as they make their way down to the beach for a night's fishing. My albatross takes fright and flies off, leaving the inlet now filled with the laughter and conversation of my fellow-fishermen, and I go over and join them. I.A.H.

*

THE GARDEN

In the garden where red roses grow, Bleak winter winds nowfiercely blow, So cold and wet are the winter days That in by thefireside everyone stays. The roses there now do not grow, For winter is at hand, you know, And at his will the branches blow In the garden covered with a mantle of snow. The roses are once more in bloom, And their sweet fragrancefills th e room; So once again till cold winds blow I'll walk in the garden where roses grow. S.P. 68 Literary Section

AUTUMN DAY

As I sit here in school trying to listen to our teacher, my mind seems to wander away from the subject and dwell on one thought, "Why, on a beautiful Autumn day, should we be cooped up in school?" I would much rather be at the seaside, or at home in the country where it is quiet and peaceful. At this moment I would like to be down at the seaside, on a deserted beach that is surrounded by high cliffs. On the sand I would have a beach umbrella, a portable wireless, a pillow, and a good book. It can be really delightful just to lie there all by your­ self, listening to the waves rolling in or the wireless and jtfst relax and read — undisturbed. But better than this I would like to be home. I come from the country and I had lived all my life in the little town of Euroa until I came down here to Melbourne. A day like this in the country would be vastly different from the city. Here, there is noise and clatter everywhere. From our classroom you can hear all sorts of noises and sounds. There is a railway line nearby and every time a train goes by you have to shout to be heard. Further up the road is afire station and every now and then you will hear thefire bel l go and thefire truc k race out. There are cars honking and spluttering by all the time, and, of course, there are heavy trucks which go to the storehouse near the classroom. They make a deafening sound as they go by, too. The scenery in the city is mostly grey dull old buildings and these are not very flattering to the beautiful autumn days which God gives us. When I was home last I went for a hike with some of my friends. We rode some of the way as it was just the sort of day for riding — not too hot and not too cold. We stopped at a place called the Mountain, Hut Weir — a really lovely place. The weir itself is built in a valley and is surrounded by stately gum trees. There are rocks and bracken ferns everywhere around, and these seemed to add to the beauty of the spot, though it made it difficult to reach the weir. In this spot it is very quiet and peaceful, save for the sounds of the water rushing down the spillway and the birds as they wing their way across the sky. By climbing some high rocks you can see nearly everything about you: the glimmer of water on a distant creek or lake, or a road winding in amongst the trees, and over near the distant horizon you can see Euroa. After looking at this scenery for some time you arefilled wit h awe and wonderment at the beauty, peace and tranquillity which sur­ round you and which are so different from the city noise and bustle. Literary Section 69

All these things are running through my head when, I am afraid, I should be listening and thinking of the lesson. But, who can blame me? I am sure everyone feels the same way on such a glorious day as this. S.G.

JUBILEE THOUGHTS

Bright faces of yesterday Are now with us no more; No longer do they have their say In policies and war.

The day-light with its subtle charm They never more will see; Nor even will they know the balm Of rest eternally.

So soundly rocked in Nature's arms, Bound with the earth and trees: (Though storms may rage, men raise alarms) They know no more than these.

We give them honour though they lie So far removed from thought— For once they breathed, and now the die They cast by us is sought.

Their wide experience to gain, We ponder o'er their ways; When moons may grow and moons may wane, For numbered are our days.

And we, in our time, wish to leave Some little wisdom taught, (Before the morning turns to eve) Dreams that our hands have wrought. :••> N.M.L. 70 Literary Section

A SHADY SPOT As one passed from the bright glare of the sun-drenched fields into the shade of the trees which sprawled along either side of Baxter's Creek, one suddenly found it unexpectedly dark and felt the cold dampness pressing in from all around. At this part the stream spilled over a miniature waterfall, the water cascading over rocks and boulders, splashing and gurgling andfinally pourin g into the pool beneath in a smother of spray and foam. Ripples were radiated out over the pool, gradually being consumed by the still water. The pool looked deep and somehow sinister: its dark waters held shimmering reflections of the trees above and its edges merged with the overhanging banks in pools of darkness. Overhead a thick network of foliage formed an efficient black­ out, penetrated but sparsely by shafts of sunlight which streamed through onto the pool, fashioning weird and intricate patterns on the glittering surface of the water. The steep banks looked very cold and wet. Ferns grew in abundance everywhere and high on the banks water oozed out of the mud and trickled down over the lichen covered rocks, dripping with faint splashes into the dark water. Tiny rivulets found their way through the mud just as mighty waterways wind their way to the sea. This part of the creek could hardly be considered an ideal picnic spot but I found it strangely enjoyable — indeed fascinating — to go there and simply look at this small part of Nature's beauty. C.W.D. *

QUERY Are we a genus of god men Born to the earth, And our art inspired echo Of glories we have known; Are we descendants of plasina Born of the earth, And our art but the faint shadow Of wonders yet to come; Do we ride upward and onward, Knowledge to gain; Or do we win to be driven Backwards again? E.B. Literary Section 71

SOAP I am not much good at writing English, as I have to devote my life to Engineering, but I can think — and observe. And my Conclusions are so stupendous and far-reaching, it would be a crime to keep them to myself. Like all great discoveries, my discovery is simple. One word only — Soap. Do you know what soap is? Soap is bunk. Soap is the root of evil. Soap is the progenitor of all our woes. I will unfold the argument. You can't be expected to know, but it makes the argument more forcible put this way — Why does a baby cry? Because it has been washed, of course. Their cry is the cry of anger, and anger breeds distrust, fear and all those evil traits that lead to strife, strikes, warfare and the like. All through is the meddlesome interfering with nature. Babies like to be dirty; it is nature. Why are boys late for school?—Because they have to wash themselves. The evil habit started in helpless infancy is now an old man of the sea about their necks. What subterfuges to avoid the consequences of unpunctuality? What evil passions and dark thoughts when the consequences have to be faced! Who wants to look at a dirty face says the hygiene fanatic? Isn't it a good thing they don't? How many unfortunate marriages could be traced to this same washing of faces. The Greeks knew that when they made Hygeia a woman. So encrusted is this system in us now that a dirty face envies a clean face; and what woes can be laid at envy's door. Yes, you can take it from me, Soap, not money, is the root of all evil. L.T.

PEACE BY NIGHT A glowing fire in the darkness; A glimpse of a shaggy head; A dog, and a worn figure Of a man on his ferny bed. Such was my view of the swagman, His day's trek at an end; A lonely life shared gladly, By a faithful dog, his friend. F.C. 72 Literary Section

MAKING MONEY Do not be deceived by the title. I am not directing myself to everybody — only to students, who are most interested in making money. I am referring, of course, to the fact that the period before we finally obtain our diplomas (let us hope, in the minimum time) is a difficult onefinancially fo r ourselves and generally for our parents. In some way, these days, most students supplement their incomes, or lack of them, in a variety of ways — all of them legal, to my knowledge. My way is one that appeals to my mental background and training and is at the same time profitable. Unlike many drivers I scientifically wreck cars, using the backyard as a workshop. My first job was a small Austin 10 with wire wheels. I did very well out of this, because I discovered that the particular wheels of this model were in great demand for light trailers. The story is the same for almost any old car. Most of the parts have a buyer. Headlights, batteries, starter motors and generators are the best sellers. Sometimes the motors do not have to be pulled down, being already suitable for boats and domestic purposes. In time one learns which cars are best to wreck and where to sell the parts. Altogether, mechanical knowledge is improved and a certain amount of business experience gained. I cannot speak of the virtues of baby-sitting, serving in shops delivering goods for grocers or of other ways adopted by my fellow students in making spare money. I can only say that I have found one way to make spare money which is interesting to me as a potential engineer. What the neighbours think of my activities is another thing. However, I am already being asked by many people to find them parts for "bombs." Such is the price of fame! A.C.

•

QUERY

0 chemist of skill, investigate! Answer this query of mine: I think I know what carbonate, But where did iodine? C.P. Literary Section 73

TEACHING AUNTIE TO DRIVE In order to make coming to classes less unpleasant, I bought a used car. It proved to have a most amiable disposition, and in the course of time came to be known as "Bohunks." I have an aunt. She thought she would like to drive "Bohunks," but she is no Juan Fangio. We sat in the car for the lesson. Thinking that a rough know­ ledge of why you push that pedal and wobble this lever might clarify the business a little, I gave her a concise, and I think I may say masterly, exposition of all the things that purr beneath the Duco. When I had finished I looked proudly up at auntie. She had a glazed, far-away look in her eye. "I think," she pondered, "festoon blinds would look well in the blue room." And then, with an effort to concentrate— "What's that lever for?" I had just cleverly explained the function of the gears. I retold tifr briefly. "Oh! I see . . . Now what do I do to make it go?" Sighing, I showed her again. "First start the engine, thus"—demonstrating. "Next push the clutch out . . ." "But it's out now." "No, it's in." "Dnn't be silly. Can't I see it sticking out?" "Well, better be orthodox. We call that'in.' Down is'out'.'" "Down and out?" "No. Down is'out'." "All right. But I think it is a silly old thing." I mentally decided that "down" and "up" should be used instead of "in" and out. Ifinished m y explanation again of how to drive. 'Now let me do it. I push the clutch in and out—" "Down." "Down" — she did it — "and push this lever over there from medium to bottom, and now let this clutch thing gently up • • • SO • • • Nothing happened. "But why . . . what . . . why doesn't it go?" asked auntie indignantly. '"Well, perhaps if you had started the engine first ... Picture us some minutes later churning around the drive in first gear — auntie with a pleased smile like a child with a mechanical toy, and I wiping the cold sweat from my brow. 74 Literary Section

Suddenly auntie's cherubic smile froze on her face. "Bohunks" was slowly and relentlessly approaching a pet bed of tulips; the steering wheel was full around and would go no further. Auntie screamed faintly and just before the car went gathering daisies remembered my instructions for stopping, and plunged both feet desperately down. We came to a stop just at the edge of the graciously waving flowers, and with a sigh of relief my aunt leant back and placed both her feet on the floor. "Bohunks," released, advanced phlegmatically into the tulips. Later, as lessons advanced, I was able to take auntie on to the broad highway. The first time out she sighted a pedestrian, and the motorist's lust possessed her. She bore down on him with a cold fanatical gleam in her eye. Like a hypnotized canary I pawed frantically at the brake. The pedestrian leapt nimbly to one side, saying as we swished by, "-%£d5)kN6}4." I ran my finger around the inside of my collar. It had suddenly become too small. Auntie had decided to make a day of it and, selecting a nice firm tree, she jumped "Bohunks" at it, impinging with a nerve-shattering force on its epidermis. "What did it do that for?" she asked mildly. "Do?" shrieked I. "Do? Just look at that mudguard." "It seems a bit bent. It must be awfully flimsy." I trundled "Bohunks" home, carefully — oh! so carefully — nursing its hurts with an aching heart. Now auntie's driving has much improved, especially since I explained to her that the car will go much better where you want it to if you steer it there, and also her homicidal tendencies have abated since I pointed out that pedestrians were simply potential motorists on foot, human like ourselves, and, like ourselves (think­ ing of my mudguard), prone to sudden homicidal lusts, but for the greater part tolerant and long-suffering. »«*!**: £.S. I JUAN FANG10 comes from the Argentine. He is a very famous racing driver.—Ed.)

THESE FATHERS

Car engines are a combination of machinery and grease, mainly grease. Our car is pulled to pieces every weekend. For what reason? There is a rattle somewhere. If our car was a Cadillac, M.G., Austin-Healey or an old bomb "hotted up", I could understand the care lavished over it; as it is only a little Hillman. why the fuss and bother? Literary Section 75

The cleaning of our car is really something to watch — especially the preparation before the actual washing. Sponges, chamois, hose, and pale blue polish in bottles are all arranged with the car on the back lawn. Dad always complains that I won't help clean the car, but if I offer any help he refuses by saying that I would only be a nuisance, and that he would rather do it himself. I don't mind my help being refused, but he usually finds something else for me to do, such as mowing the lawn with the hand mower because he hasn't time to supervise me with the motor, which seems to always break down when I use it. If I ask my father to teach me to drive he says I must know something elementary about the engine, but if I intrude into his private study (under the front lid of the car) when he is working there, I am told to run away as he hasn't got time to show me anything just at the moment. If I ask a simple question such as "What's that jigger?", I am looked at with contempt and told it is some such thing like a spark plug, but how on earth could you plug in a spark? In the house you plug in the radiogram, toaster, and other gadgets and such plugs do not look anything like those my father pointed out to me. Why is it that my father won't show me anything about cars or their engines? He makes the excuse that he would show me if he had another car, or if he could show me on some one else's, but no one will let him show me. Other people say they will show me willingly on some one else's car, but no one will show me on his own car. It looks as though the only way to learn to drive is to go to a motor school — like Mum. Please do not think I am an ungrate­ ful daughter, but as shown fathers can be very difficult.

"TO HELL AND BACK"

As the blind flaps up and allows the darkness to shine into my room I clamber into my pants. The morning feels sub-zero and is as black at pitch. After finding the door I race for the table only to find a plate of gristly meat which I could eat in twenty minutes, but since I only haVe ten it is only half eaten when I leave to wash, be shod and sprint through the soot to catch the train. We — the train and I — are pretty evenly matched from the time I can hear it to the station so we arrive at the station together. From my station in the train I command a good view of the late comers to other stations running for the hourly train. The light is still not good but there is sufficient to view the hoard of chimneys all the way to school. There is generally a rush from 76 Literary Section the station as the train is consistently late. Our.day's work begins. .... At five I again make a break for the train. This train terminates at an intermediate station so I have to alight here and hurry over the bridge to the "other side." But there is an obstacle: the gate on the station, which is usually closed. On one occasion one of my companions jumped this gate, thinking that our train was close behind this one. He was dragged before the Station Master but was released in time to catch the train. On board the right train we eventually get a seat. Only the other night my mate's coffin-like bag fell from the rack and bruised three people. The night gradually comes on as I make my way home. K.D.

MAKE BELIEVE Now I'm a bus-conductor, And my bus is made of chairs, I'm busy every morning Taking people's fares. This afternoon I'm a pirate As fearless as can be, You'll be sure to see my ship assailing On a calm and gentle sea. It's really most exciting, And thrilling as can be, To be so many persons And hardly ever me. J.M.

HUMOUR They walked the quiet lane together, In the West shone out a star, They reached the old gate together, And he lifted up the bar. She neither smiled nor thanked him, Because she knew not how — For he was but a farm lad, And she a jersey cow. P.M. Literary Section 77

SATURDAY NIGHT SHOW The key was now in my hand. It had been on my mind all afternoon, and, as I walked across the road, I was soaked with sweat; I tried to push it into the lock of the glass door in front of me, but my hand shook so much that I nearly broke the glass. This was it — my big moment! I was to run the picture show tonight, by myself, after being shown only once how to do it. 1 hurried to the store-room to get the film cans, and lifting two of them, staggered up to the bio-box where I dumped them. Then I returned for the single spools in their separate tins. These being light, I ran up the stairs. But I forgot one thing; I had put the film cans on the stairway in front of the box, and as I opened the door to the box, I stepped back, caught my foot on a can and knocked down a tin, sending 1250 ft. of film bouncing down the stairs. The result is obvious, but it took three-quarters of an hour to tidy it up again. I looked at my watch; it was 7.30. I was playing with a torch, which I promptly dropped and smashed as the buzzer rang in my ear. Jumping to the house lights, I grabbed for the rheostat handle but missed and did two back flips and a triple somersault as I touched the copper plates. Five minutes later the lights were on, the music playing softly and the theatre was half full. All was in peace -— but not for long. Finally, the time came for the show to start and this meant the projector arcs had to be lit. This I did simply by pulling the wrong knife switch, which plunged the theatre into darkness. I put matters right by pushing it on again, finding the right switch, turning a knob, and throwing another switch. So far so good! Pulling a lever soon had the film moving, and as I waited for the number "one" to come up (the signal for opening the lens shutter), I remembered the house lights. I rushed to the rheostat and spun the dial around which put all lights out suddenly. By this time the "News" had started and I hurriedly opened the shutter. I then sighed with relief; the show was on. Faintly through the door I could hear the screams of the crowd, and on looking out the port­ hole I saw the curtains still closed. I opened them smartly and the show rolled, to thefloor, tha t is, because as I turned the switch I knocked over a projector, shorting two wires and burning out the power main, as the fuse was a "hunk of iron". This meant the end of the show, the end of my career as a projectionist. I am now concentrating on being a mechanical engineer, but in spare moments would be quite willing to help in the College Theatrette — if anyone wants my services. D.H. 78 Literary Section

THE RACING MYSTERY The crowd roared as the horses streaked towards the finishing point with "Golden Flash" in the lead. Then the race was won. As the horses were walked to their stalls, the noise of the crowd was quietened by the announcer's voice. "Golden Flash ridden by D. Lane first". Most of the people were making their way home as this, the last race, was over. The champion "Golden Flash" had been attended to and was now being led to the waiting float. The doors were closed and the float drove off headed for the training stud in the country. Inspector Allen replaced the file as his desk telephone rang. Crossing the room he lifted the handset. "Is that Inspector Allen speaking?" came the voice from the other end, but, without waiting for an answer, went on, "It's an outrage! Two of my trusted men have disappeared with my £-15,000 racehorse, 'Golden Flash'!" The Inspector asked him to calm down and then to give him the details in order. Ten minutes later a powder-blue sedan left the Russell Street Police Offices. The man behind the wheel was Inspector Allen who was out to cover the route the horse float was supposed to have taken. All that day he searched, sometimes stopping to inspect tyre marks on the road. By darkness he had achieved nothing. The next day, he set out to investigate side roads that branched off the main road. As he was driving along one of these roads, some horse droppings attracted his attention. Stopping the car he got out to investigate. As he stooped down he heard a groan coming from behind the trees on the side of the road. Running in the direction of the sound, he found two men lying on the ground, bound and gagged. He released the men, who were the missing jockey and guard. He helped them into the car and then drove off taking them to Melbourne. On the way they told him how they had been driving along when they were stopped by a tree-trunk that had fallen across the road. They had tried to shift it when some-one "slugged" them from behind. Regaining con­ sciousness, they found they were lying on the floor of a large van, bound and gagged, and that the horse was in a special stall next to them. They had heard men talking and once caught some words about a disused quarry where they would take the horse. Neither the jockey nor the driver had any idea of what happened after that until they awoke by the roadside where the Inspector had found them. On reaching Melbourne, Inspector Allen called in at the Country Roads Board Depot, and checked on the location of a quarry that had not been in use for five years. This quarry was Literary Section 79 not more than seven miles from where he had found the two men. Returning with three policemen to the road he soon found the turn- off to the disused quarry. This road was overgrown, but wide wheel tracks like those of a van were faintly visible. The Inspector placed his men around the quarry entrance, and then called out for the thieves to give themselves up, but, when no answer came, he walked to the sheds with his pistol in his hand. Entering the sheds, he found that the horse and float were there, but the thieves were absent, so he decided to wait in case they returned. The policemen had not long to wait, as the noise of an approach­ ing vehicle made them dive behind cover. It was the van with two men sitting in the cabin. As the van stopped and the men alighted, the policemen emerged from the bushes. While the Inspector covered the thieves with his pistol, the policemen snapped the handcuffs on them. Inspector Allen drove the handcuffed thieves and a policeman back to Melbourne, while the other two policemen returned the horse and float to their rightful owner. R.W.P.

*

THE MERMAIDS

Within the waters, clear and bright, They rose from out their covers at night, The mermaids, combing their hair of gold, While swaying over the waters cold.

Then they would scatter about and dance, Swaying together as in a trance, But they stopped their dance when they did hear The humans' music they did fear.

While up above in the heavens bright The stars peeped out to see their fright, They saw them hasten to their caves Into the deep, beneath the waves. D.Y. so Literary Section

THE GHOST RIDER "Look out, Texas!" Whiz! Down from somewhere above shot a bullet, just missing Texas Ted's head. The warning cry had come from Jim Silas, the owner of the ^tore at Flaming Gully, in Mexico. "That was a close one!" exclaimed Jim. "Yes," said Texas — then looked up and saw a rider sweeping up the hill at incredible speed, and the strange thing about it was that he didn't make the slightest bit of noise. Not only that, but around him was a green glow. "That's the 'Ghost Rider'," said Ted. "I'm going after him." The Ghost Rider to whom Texas Ted had referred was a man who had been robbing banks in Flaming Gully for the last month, but he didn't make the slightest noise when he rode away, so nobody could follow him. Then very soon after that they would see him flying up the mountain, at a speed which took their breath away, and around him was a green glow Now up Lone Tree Hill rode Texas Ted in pursuit of the mystery man. Way up in the hills, at 6 o'clock, the mystery man of the plains dismounted, and, tethering his horse, made a fire. Ted also dismounted, and crept up behind a rock. Then one of the mysteries was cleared up, for on the horse's hooves were tied sacks. "That explains how that horse gallops without making any noise," muttered Texas. Now the rider was eating bacon and beans. He had his back to Ted at the moment, so Ted crept up behind him, then flew at him. and spent him sprawling; but he was-up again in a second, and punching into Ted. He was a burly ruffian, and bowled Ted over, but Texas Ted got up again, and let go a left rip to the body. Then a terrific struggle followed, during which Ted got a lot of battering. But in the end Ted picked the scoundrel up in a crutch hold and dumped him on the ground. Then he tied him up. "Well, that explains the whole mystery," said Ted. "That man put green coloured celluloid over him, and had a battery in his pocket, and several globes tied on him. That's what gave him the strange green light." Then Ted took the man back to the sheriff and collected the reward for him. B.W. Literary Section Ol

THE LUCKY GALLEON Rob Clarendon spent most of his holidays in the woods about his father's farm by the sea, or in fishing on the unruffled waters of the cove nearby. Many a time also had Rob clambered up and down rocks looking for new sights or perhaps a new cave. For one was apt to miss much on the rugged coast of this part of Scotland. One day, however, sad news awaited the family. The year's crop had been very poor and his father was unable to pay expenses, most farms being rented. So they would have to go to Edinburgh and seek work. Poor Rob! He got little sleep that night, thinking of all the pleasant things he would be leaving behind. For several days Rob was busy helping to get things ready for the departure, but his father said he could have the last two days to say good-bye to his friends outside. Thefirst da y Rob spent in the woods, walking the cool, green glades, climbing trees and peering into birds' nests. That night he was awakened by a queer rumbling, which seemed to come from the sea, but was yet not like the noise of the sea. So loud was it that the room seemed to shake. Rob jumped out of bed and rushed to the window but could make out nothing in the dark. He fell asleep thinking he would investigate in the morning. After breakfast he was off, with his lunch tucked in his pocket, clambering down the rocky path to the sea. There an amazing sight met his eyes. Part of the overhanging cliff had collapsed leaving a huge cavity. When he recovered from his surprise he made his way round the cave and commenced climbing the rocky debris towards the opening. When he reached the mouth of this cavity he was still more surprised, for, there in the shadows, was a wooden ship. Masts were gone, ropes were rotted and sides eaten through. From the shape of her she would be the remains of a galleon. Boylike, he plunged boldly forward and was soon on the deck, and descending the old companion way. At first he could see nothing, but when his eyes got used to the gloom he saw that he was in a large cabin or store with odds and ends of ropes and timber in it. Hanging on the wall he espied a rusty cutlass, which he pulled down, and felt safer in the doing, for he was beginning to get quivers down his back. Going on, he passed through a doorless rpening into what must have been the armoury, judging from the implements of war stacked about. Passing quickly from here he wandered through several cabins until he reached the stern, where he found a large well-fitted cabin, evidently the captain's quarters. Sprawled on the table was a heap 82 Literary Section of rags. Rob stepped across to see what it was and jumped back in horror. It was a skeleton. It took no small amount of courage to explore this room with that thing at the table. In fact, if the truth is told, he kept one eye on it all the time: and it was because of this he made his discovery, for, by moving in this crablike manner, he fell over a locker, bumped himself against the chair, and in trying to make a recovery, dragged the skeleton down too. When he did get up he found that the skeleton had been covering a small iron- bound box. He tried to open it but could not, nor could he lift it. So off went Rob for his father. Between them they moved it to the farm house, Mr Clarendon listening to the wonderful tale as they went. With the aid of a crowbar the lid was prized open, and, wonderful sight, out poured a stream of gems and golden ornaments. Low gasps came from Mr. and Mrs. Clarendon, but wild shouts from Rob. They looked at each other, one thought in all their minds. They would not now need to give up the farm. And so it was, for, although the treasure was handed to the Government, their reward was more than sufficient to satisfy their needs and make the future safe. For years after, the spot was known as "Lucky Galleon Cove." HUMOUR FROM THE PAST

SELECTIONS FROM THE MAGAZINES 1928-1940 A man's watch refused to go, and, on opening it to see what was the matter, he noticed a dead insect in the works. "No wonder it wouldn't go." he said "the engine driver is dead." * * * Girlie: "Mother, can you write your name with vour eyes shut?" Mother: "Yes, of course. Why?" Girlie: "Will you write it on my school report, please?" * * * Teacher: "Yes, Bill, your work is very good, but it is word for word like John's. What am I to conclude from that?" Bill: "That John's is very good, too." * * * The mean man was so mean that when they called for three cheers he only gave two. * * * She (after her last toe had been crushed) : "I am afraid you haven't been dancing long." He: "Yes I have; since 8 o'clock." * * * "Have you heard about the two old ladies who went for a tramp in the woods?" "No!" "Well, he died!" * * * No matter how hungry a horse is. he will not eat a bit. * * * "Do you know what they are calling the people who sit in the last compartment of a train?" "No! What?" ':Why, passengers, of course!" * * * She: "You drive awfullv fast." He: "Yes. I hit 70 yesterday." She: "Oh! Did you kill any?"

"You say one ice cream upset you. That's strange!" "Oh, no." "Why?" "Because it is the one after the sixteenth."

83 84 Humour from the Past

We were staying at a country hotel which was being painted. The painter was busy on the ceiling of the public bar when in walked a man and asked for a drink. Just before he took it he happened to look up, and, seeing the painter, walked out, leaving his glass untouched. The painter calmly got down and started to drink the beer left behind. The barman remonstrated, saying that the other man might come back. "No he won't," said the painter, "he belongs to our temperance club." * * * James: "Is that a good book?" John: "Most absorbing." James: "What is it about?" John: "Sponges." * * * Boy: "Say, dad. A boy told me yesterday I looked like vou." Dad: "Yes? And what did you do?" Bo) : "Nothing. He was bigger than me." * * * A Scotchman entered a bicycle shop, where recently he had purchased a bicycle. "It's about the bike, mon," he said. "Hasn't it arrived yet?" enquired the shop-keeper. i "It has," replied Jock, "bue the free wheel hasn't." * * * "There was a young woman called Lena, Who bought a new vacuum cleaner: But while working one day, She got in the way. And ever since, no one's Sena." * * * "Before a man is married, he is a dude; after, he is subdued."

The organ grinder was playing a tune in the street watched by an interested urchin. At the end of the tune the urchin said, "What tune was that you were playing?" "That was called 'The death of Nelson'," answered the organ grinder. "Lumme, what a 'orrible death." cried the urchin. * * * The teacher was having a hard time in the grammar class, particularly with Johnny. At last she said: "Johnny, can you or can you not decline 'to eat'?" Said Johnny: "Yes. mum, I can but I would rather not." Humour from the Past 85

Owner of small car dashes into garage with the request: "I want half a pint of petrol and two ounces of oil." Garageman goes out and looks at the car: "Would you like me to sneeze into the tyres as well, sir?" * * * Mistress: "Why do you slam all the doors like that?" Mary: "It's hereditary, ma'am. My father is a railway porter." * * # Stephen: "Mummie, why are you so pretty?" Mother: "Because when I was a little girl I was good." Stephen: "What a naughty boy Daddy must have been." * * * The speaker stood out in front of the lunatics at the asylum and said, "Why are we all here?" The answer was: "We're all 'here' because we're not all 'there'." » * * In U.S.A. people are put to death by elocution. Queen Elizabeth never married. She had a peaceful reign. The lifeboat is wonderfully constructed so that it can carry more than it will hold. * * * Mother of Unpunctual Son (extolling his virtues): "You know, he's a model son." Hard-bitten Listener: "Late model, I suppose." * * * The School Report.—Father: "George! What have you to say about these uncomplimentary remarks of the science teacher?" George: "Perhaps we could sue him for libel." * * * He: "Is this afirst-class restaurant?" It: "Yes; but we don't mind serving you." * * * Serious Scout: "Do you know that a horse ran away with my brother and threw him. Now he is laid up for six days." Bright Cub: "That's nothing, my brother ran away with a horse. Now he is laid up for six months in jail." * * -X- Sonny: "Dad, it says in the paper the trams are going to stop." Dad: "What for?" Sonny: "To let the people get in." # # * Teacher: "How far were you off the answer to the problem, Tommy?" y Tommy: "Two seats, sir." 86 Humour from the Past

Paddy was in a boat at sea which got wrecked. Being a good swimmer, he swam ashore. He then took a header in and swam back again. On the way he was hailed by another survivor. "What are you going back for?" "Well, I swam ashore and saved myself, so I am going back to give someone else a chance." * * * Wise Boy: "I can always count on some things, even when I am down and out." Victim: "What are they?" Wise Boy: "Myfingers, o f course." * * * Agent: "Madam, I'd like to make a crayon enlargement of you." Madam: "No thanks; I'm quite large enough." * * * I eat my peas with honey: I've done it all my life. It makes the peas taste funny, But it keeps them on my knife. * # * Teacher: "What's the matter, don't you know the question?" Victim: "Oh, yes, but I don't know the answer." * * * Young Lady in Newspaper Office: "Er, how much do you charge for inserting marriage notices?" Clerk: "Shilling an inch, madam." Young Lady: "H'm. I'll have to let it go. He's six foot SIX. * * * Boy: "Sir, why do you call me a little pilgrim?" Master: "Well, every time I see you, you are making a little progress." * * * There was a fair lady of Rye Who met a young man passing bye: He said, "Gentle miss, I'll take but a kiss"; But she said. "You'll take a black eve."

If a butcher plus a side of pork weighs 250 pounds, what does the butcher weigh? Why, meat, of course. * * * How to keep down the bills.—Put a paperweight on them. Humour from' the Past 87

Tommy: "I thought you told me that the dentist was painless?" Dad: "Yes, I did." Tommy1. "Well, he isn't; because when I bit his finger he yelled." * * * Vicar: "I think we had better make the collection before the sermon this morning." Verger: "Indeed, sir, and why?" Vicar: "Well, I intend to preach on Economy."

Grandpa was having his after-lunch nap and snoring loudly. As father entered the room he saw Dolly twisting wildly one of Grandpa's waistcoat buttons. "What are you doing?" he whispered. "You mustn't disturb Grandpa." "I'm not disturbing him, Dad," explained the child. "I'm trying to tune him in on something different." * * * Two Highland farmers met at market one day, when one said, "What's come over Tammas lately? I haven't seen him for weeks." "Oh! Have ye no' heard?" replied the other. "Puir Tammas got three months for stealing a coo!" "Och! the idiot. Whv did he no' just buv it and not pay for it?" * * * Many a boy gets a load off his neck when his mother washes him. * * * He: "I am awfully upset when I run down a pedestrian." She: "My word! I've never hit one so big."

Passenger: "I suppose you've had some narrow hair-breadth escapes during your seafaring carreer?" Mate: "Rather. I was nearly drowned once." Passenger: "You don't say so! How did it occur?" Mate: "I went to sleep in the bath, and forgot to turn off the water." * * * Workman: "As I've just got married, sir, I'd like you to raise my pay." Boss: "Very sorry, but I am not responsible for accidents contracted off the works." 88 Humour from the Past

A boy took a position in an office where two different telephones were installed. "Your wife would like to speak to you on the 'phone, sir," he told his employer. "Which one?" inquired the boss, starting towards the two boxes. "Please, sir, she didn't say, and I didn't know you had more than one." * # * He who laughs last, generally sees the joke at Swinburne. * * * An architect — an extremely well-mannered man — is said to have sent this controlled reply to an offensive letter, written to him by an annoyed client: "Sir, I, being a gentleman, cannot dictate to my secretary, who is a lady, an appropriate answer to your letter, but you. being neither, will know what I mean." GENERAL NEWS

First Issue The first Open Door appeared in August, 1928. It records that there were then the following departments and heads: Engineering, the Principal, F. W. Green; Carpentry and Joinery, H. McK. Cousland; Plumbing and Sanitary Engineering, C. H. Wright; Graphics and Applied Art, S. W. Thompkins; Domestic Arts, Miss D. M. Giles; Boys' Junior School, D. McKay; Girls' Junior School, Miss D. Eyles. The magazine was a modest effort, about the size of a standard exercise book. Containing thirty-two pages and very few illustrations, it was a very sincere production with emphasis on Swinburnian traditions. Six weeks before its appearance the first principal, J. R. Tranthim-Fryer, died at his home in Bayswater. The 1928 edition also referred to the resignation of Miss D. Black- more,first headmistress . Over 130 former students gave her a party, presents and best wishes for married happiness. Miss Elsie Morris, one of the pioneer students in the girls' school (she is referred to in the third of these paragraphs), who was to have made the presenta­ tions, married and left for Portland just before Miss Blackmore's departure. The editor, H. Brunskill, records on thefinal page that at the time of his writing a total of 15,000 students had enrolled at the College since its inception. After the initial edition the Open Door continued to appear three times a year until the war years. when production lapsed. On Mr. Tylee's suggestion it was resumed in 1950. Trade Smoke Night For the seven hundred apprentices attending the College, Wednesday, 27th November of last year, was an important date. The occasion was the Annual Smoke Night held in the supper room of the Hawthorn Town Hall. Organization of the event was in the capable hands of Mr. C. Lawrence, Head of the Plumbing Depart­ ment. The College was represented by Mr. Tylee, Mr. Parsons and Mr. Robertson, the Education Department by Mr. Elridge. Instruc­ tors from all our Trade Departments were also present. Following the formal speeches, entertainment was provided by Bob Haynes, comedian, John Hutchison, magician, and Jim Rose, accordionist. An excellent supper brought a very pleasant evening to its con­ clusion. The background to the event is interesting. Inspired by the sharp post-war falling off in the numbers entering the skilled trades, Victoria now takes a greater interest in apprentices, providing day- 89 90 General News time teaching and a number of amenities. At Swinburne they also have opportunities for social life. In addition to Annual Smoke and Award Nights, there are picture evenings, picnics, end-of-term dances and similar activities. The results are obviously beneficial to the whole community.

Roll of Distinction Many memories of the early days of the College were recalled on 11th December last year when Mrs. George Swinburne and Mrs. E. Wheat met here. Mrs. Swinburne, now ninety years of age, founded the College with her husband in 1909, and Mrs. Wheat, who was Elsie Morris, was Head Prefect of the Junior Girls' School in 1917. The occasion was the presentation to the Girls' School of a Roll of Distinction by Mrs. Swinburne's daughter, Miss G. Swinburne. Designed by Mr. A. Jordan and Mr. R. James of the Senior Art School, the board contains the names of the Head Mistresses and Head Prefects since the opening in 1916. Last year's acting Head Mistress, Miss H. 0. Scott, spent nine months tracing the names of the girls and only three are missing — those of 1926, 1934 and 1936. At the reception the Head Prefect for 1957, Betty McDowell, thanked Miss Swinburne for her gift, which is now erected on the northern wall inside the entrance to the Junior Girls' School. Mrs. Winter of the Senior Art Department, a former Head Prefect, has her name on the Roll.

College Badge A new college badge is now in use. The original suggestion for alteration was made by Mr. A. Jordan at a meeting of Head* of Departments last year. According to Mr. Jordan the old badge lacked symbolism and, apart from the motto and colours, had no exclusive features to identify it with the College. Also, he said, it did not lend itself to a variety of uses for art displays and printed matter. Following favourable receipt of the suggestion, several designs were submitted to the College Council, the one finally accepted being the work of Mrs. Penn, Art Secretary-Librarian, who received her training at the Swinburne Senior Art School. The new badge contains a hand, a scroll, a seven-pointed star and a shield, symbolising, respectively, the significance of labour, the power of the written word, the value of spiritual guidance and the protection afforded throughout life by education at Swinburne. The College motto, "Through Diligence to Understanding," and the name Swinburne, complete the design. The new badge has been very favourably received and over the years will undoubtedly become well known in the educational world. General News 91

Queen Mother's Visit On the morning of March 3rd some 70 boys and 40 girls from the Junior Schools took part in a Tableau of Welcome to Her Majesty the Queen Mother at the Melbourne Cricket Ground. Approximately 75 boys and 75 girls from Swinburne also viewed the spectacle. The highlight of the morning was the arrival and presence of the Queen Mother. From the spectators' point of view there was also considerable enjoyment in the Maypole and Morris Dances. Afterwards the distinguished visitor toured the M.C.G. in a Land-Rover for the benefit of the boys and girls providing the entertainment. The Swinburne boys were particularly fortunate as the vehicle passed within a few feet of them. Much training and preparation preceded the display but the result was well worthwhile, the general effect being colourful and inspiring.

Junior Leadership Education these days is by no means confined to the routines of the classroom. On the afternoon of Tuesday, 18th March, Prefects', House Captains' and Sports Captains' badges were pre­ sented to selected girls of the Girls' Junior School. Mrs. and Miss Swinburne and Mrs. Tylee attended the function, which was held in the College Social Hall. Miss Swinburne in a brief talk based on a poem by the famous writer, A. A. Milne, gave the girls a clear impression of the ceremony's significance. She also left with them two excellent thoughts: that they should do something rather than waste their time; that they sould be happy in whatever they found to do. At a similar function for the Boys' Junior School on the morning of March 21st badges were presented to selected boys by the Principal, Mr. A. Tylee, who commented on the worth of the occasion. Both events are in keeping with the modern trend to encourage leadership and self discipline in schools. Experience at Swinburne proves that the ideas are sound. Boys and girls in office this year have followed the standard of vigilance and cooperation set by their predecessors, helping to maintain discipline and at the same time remaining on good terms with the rest of the junior schools. Church Services This year's inaugural services were held on Friday, 21st March, at 9.30 a.m., in the Auburn Methodist Church, Oxley Road, and the Roman Catholic Church at the corner of Glenferrie and Burwood Roads. To enable all who desired to accept Mr. Tylee's invitation to One or the other of these services no classes began till 10.30 a.m. Once a^ain there was an excellent response from both staff and 92 General News students. In this respect it is also interesting to recall that the speaker at the Diploma Assembly of Tuesday, 13th May, was the Rev. Morgan, Chaplain of Footscray Technical School, who gave an attentive audience an account of his activities. After carefully outlining the objectives of a Chaplain, the Rev. Morgan gave a number of case histories and indicated the techniques used to help the boys concerned. At the conclusion of the visitor's address a vote of thanks was moved by a member of staff, Mr. R. Bingham.

Ansae Day Anzac Day this year was commemorated at a special ceremony held in the Hawthorn Town Hall on Thursday, 24th April. In simple and dignified style Swinburne maintained the role of the school in passing on to the young men and women of today the lessons of the memorable landing at Gallipoli. Proceedings began with an address by the Principal, Mr. Tylee, on "The Significance of the Ceremony." After the flag was lowered to half mast, Mr. Cavill recited "Anzac Day." Head Prefects of the Girls' and Boys' Junior Schools placed wreaths at the base of flag mast. A formal address was then given by Brigadier G. F. Langley, former Head of Melbourne Boys' High, who dealt mainly with the origins of World War I and the circumstances leading to the Dardenelles attack. Following a minute's silence, the sounding of the "Last Post" and "The Reveille" by the cornetist. Mr. Rodgers. the flag was raised to mast head. During proceedings two hymns — "O God our help in ages past" and "Recessional" — were sung. During the dispersal "The Empire is Marching" was plaved. Accompanist for the ceremony was Swinburne's teacher-in-charge of Music. Miss Webb.

Apprenticeship Week During the last week of Term One there were manv functions and displays to publicise Apprenticeship Week. The centre of activities was the Combined Craftsmanship Exhibition at Preston Motors, Russell St., Melbourne, which was officially opened by the Minister for Labour (Mr. Reid). Students from the trade depart­ ments of the College were well represented at the display and some very successfully. Berend Koning received the Bronze Medallion as the outstanding Apprentice in Carpentry and Joinery. Colin Chandler, whose schooling was undertaken partly here and partly at the Royal Melbourne Technical College, was the outstanding Apprentice in Electrical Mechanics. J. S. Melbourne won the Bronze Medallion for the outstanding piece of Craftsmariship in Fitting and Turning, and A. J. Drinkell and G. Arndt were awarded special General News 93

Honourable Mention Certificates for craft entries in the Cabinet- making and Fitting and Turning trades, respectively. Considering the number of Apprentices in Victoria, the successes were very creditable. Our Principal, Mr. A. Tylee, also made a direct con­ tribution. On behalf of the Association of Victorian Technical School Principals he wrote for the Melbourne Herald. The article, which was illustrated by photos from Mr. Tylee's camera, explained to the public the general idea of craftsmanship displays.

Shakespeare Day As these are days when the invasions of the heavens by whirling pieces of metal are often the only topics of conversation, it is pleasing to note that Swinburne is not neglecting another great event —•• Shakespeare's birthday. On Monday, April 21st (the poet was baptized on April 26th, but the exact date of his birth is not known) the Girls' Junior School commemorated the occasion in an unusual way. Miss Webb opened the assembly by describing how Shakespeare's birthday is remembered at Stratford-on-Avon. The senior choir then sang "Who is Sylvia" and the fourth form choir "0 Mistress Mine." This was followed by a recording of a Shake­ spearian sonnet, spoken by John Gielgud. Three fourth form girls also read selections from the works of Shakespeare. Other songs were as follows: "Under the Greenwood Tree"; "Sing We.and.Chant It"; "You Spotted Snakes." A most enjoyable occasion ended with all joining in the singing of the well-known Elizabethan catch, "Three Blind Mice." Secondary Students' Visit On Wednesday, 14th May, Swinburne received a visit from approximately 60 students of the Secondary Teachers' College, Mel­ bourne University. The excursion was part of the training given to future secondary teachers, the idea being to acquaint them with the organization and facilities of leading schools. Two Secondary College lecturers, Mr. B. Watson and Mr. J. Tonge, accompanied the students. The Principal, Mr. D. McDonnell, formerly a member of staff in Swinburne's junior and Senior Schools, arrived later in the morning. After being welcomed by our Principal, Mr. A. Tylee, the party inspected the Mathematics Office and its teaching apparatus, the Library, the Theatrette and the Vocational Guidance Centre before taking morning tea in the Students' Common Room. After­ wards the students divided into groups to visit the Art School, the Girls' School, the Boys' School, the Chemistry School, the Physics Department and the Commercial School. The following members of our staff acted as guides: Mr. Hames, Mr. Hulls, Mr. Lovitt, Mr. 94 General News

Stevenson and Mr. White. Around midday the various groups returned to the Common Room where Mr. Tylee invited questions. Altogether, it was an interesting visit for the students — for most, their first to a large technological institution.

Parents-Teachers' Association The P-T.A. has another successful year. Founded with the idea of uniting two environments — school and home life — it has worked unceasingly over the years to this end. Interesting ways of meeting the objective have been devised. During 1958 one of the most successful events was a "Crazy Whist and Dance" Night. Equally popular was the function "Students Present," in which boys and girl* of the junior school presented a complete programme for their audience with quite a professional touch. At these and other functions the most gratifying feature was the excellent atten­ dances of parents and friends. Monies raised by P-T.A. have been used to Drovide f xtra facilities for the junior schools. Last year sawr the erection of the much-needed bicycle shed for the boys. In 1958 P-T.A. has donated <£50 to each junior school library. Other ideas for this year are an extra bicycle shed for the girls and the purchase of new seats for the Swinburne Theatrette. Altogether P-T.A. has had a very good and enjoyable year. But additional helpers are always needed, and teachers and parents not vet participating will be very welcome. With teachers and without parents there is no P-T.A.. and there are many ideas for 1959.

University Links Each year for many years students undertaking degree courses in Engineering at the University of Melbourne have come to Swin­ burne for machine shop practice. Under the guidance of Mr. E. White and his staff, they are given an intensive course lasting three weeks. Also, our own students receive credits from the University for work done in the Diploma of Engineering Course, so that the length of degree courses is substantially reduced. This vear Swin­ burne and the University have forged another link. The University's Schorl of Education, which conducts degree courses for teachers. gained permission to use Swinburne as a practising school. Some of the teachers undertaking thefirst year of their degree training have been required bv University to teach and observe at Swinburne. Our members of staff have acted as critics and assisted materially with the wealth of their experience. As schools stand or fall bv the quality of their instruction, it is generally considered that this recognition of the College is a very high honour and further proof of our continued pursuit of high professional standards. General Mews 95

Group Savings Club This year has seen the establishment of yet another successful extra-curricular activity at Swinburne. Early in the first term leaflets about a Savings Club were distributed around the College. The idea appealed and soon there was sufficient support to begin operations. Students of the Commerce School Commonwealth Rehabilitation Centre were responsible for the initial suggestion and publicity. As part of their rehabilitation programme they also under­ took the work involved. These enthusiastic men and women estab­ lished offices to transact business in various parts of the College and have appeared regularly at the appointed times to perform the necessary clerical work. Throughout the year, therefore, students of Swinburne have been encouraged to save for some definite purpose. To assist this objective depositors have been allowed to withdraw at the most only once a term or to periodically transfer savings to their normal accounts in banks. An added incentive has been a guaranteed interest rate of 2y2% by the Savings Bank of Victoria, which has given the necessary backing and guidance. Football Clinic This year a number of Swinburne's junior boys attended a football clinic conducted by Hawthorn Club. Arrangements were made by the Club for Mr. Jack Hale, Mr. Edmonds and Mr. Randall, coaches of the First, Second and Third Eighteens, respectively, to be in attendance at 4 p.m. to 4.45 p.m. on Thursdays during the season to give instruction in the essentials of Australian Rules Foot­ ball. The coaches were assisted by leading senior players. Altogether, the clinics proved an interesting and profitable experience for our boys, and it was learned that a few will have the eyes of the selectors on them in a year or two. In the past Swinburne has supplied quite a few players for the Hawthorn Club. John Peck and Maurie Young are two of the prominent ones in recent years. There has been added interest for our boys this year in that the present teacher-in-charge of Physical Training, Mr. B. Edwards, is a very prominent Hawthorn player. Inter-Collegiate Contests Inter-Collegiate contests this year proved very popular with Swinburne's senior students. The firrt week in June some fifty students from Geelong's Gordon Institute of Technology came up for competition and social games. The visitors brought their lunch but Swinburne provided tea and hot soup. The following week Swinburne visited Ballarat's School of Mines. Approximately 130 of our students went in chartered buses and private cars, with 96 General News

Messrs. Lovitt. White and Kenniwell in charge. On the way up a stop was made at a brown coal open-cut mine near Bacchus Marsh. At Ballarat, after our party was officially welcomed, those not directly involved in a sportingfixture visite d some of the show places in and around the city. Of particular interest — especially for the over­ seas students — were the Gardens and the Eureka Stockade.

Rehab. Social Club This section of the magazine has referred several times in recent years to the Rehabilitation Centre, where people who have suffered from special illnesses or disabilities are helped by staff members to qualify for positions in the commercial world. Instruc­ tion provided includes Accountancy, Bookkeeping, Typing, Short­ hand and English Expression. Now well established the Centre is playing an increasingl} important role in the life of the College. Evidence of a developing group spirit was the formation in the first term of a social club. It is a non-profit club, whose chief aim is to provide entertainment for all rehabilitation students by means of picture nights, smoke socials, picnics and general outings. To meet expenses members decided on a levy of a shilling per week per person. Additional monies have come from the proceeds of several functions. Altogether, the club has had a very successful year. many pleasant days and evenings having been spent in a relaxed. harmonious atmosphere. The elected officials are Eddie Davidson (President), Stan Skews (Vice-President), Heather McAlpin (Secretary) and Don Fitzgerald (Treasurer).

Finger Painting For some time past girls of the junior school have studied finger painting as a form of artistic expression. Because there is no barrier, such as a pencil or a brush, between the artist and the work, there is a greater sense of creativity in this form of art. The idea in the mind of the artist is quickly and smoothly transferred to paper, because the medium mixed with the paint (be it clag, starch or prepared paste) is most sensitive to the touch of the fingers. Results achieved bv our junior girls under Mrs. Timmings' guidance have attracted much favourable comment. Also, the interest has extended beyond the College. On May 31st, representatives of Woman's Day and Allied Publications came to Swinburne to see a finger painting class. After obtaining details of the techniques, colour photographs of the class at work were taken for publication. Some cf the evening students in the senior creative art class were also assembled for photographs. Those unfamiliar with the finger painting technique are advised to visit the Girls' Junior School. where afine displa y is available. Lunchtime scene in the Junior Boys' Library. The murals are the work of Junior School boys.

School Orchestra and Madrigal Group. Model Boat Club and the teacher-in-charge, Mr. A. Ferrier.

The Lang twins, Keith (left) and Ronald, Overseas student, Robert Lim, of our Junior display the scholarships awarded them by School, has quickly established himself in the S.E.C. The awards will allow them to local table tennis. Robert won champion­ complete their courses in mechanical ships in Malaya. engineering. General News 97

Commerce School One of the most pleasing features of the Swinburnian scene in recent years has been the continued growth of the Commerce School. There has been a big increase in local students, and the School is very popular with Asians seeking secondary and tertiary education. Unknown to most people the Commerce School offers the only full-time courses of their kind in the metropolitan area. It is now possible to obtain a Commercial Certificate or one of two Diplomas: Diploma of Commerce (a four-year course) and Diploma of Commercial Practice (a three-year course). Thus young people are being prepared for participation in commercial life at a number of levels. Equally interesting — particularly for those who think of business preparation only in terms of shorthand, spelling and typing — is the inclusion in the diploma courses of subjects such as English, Economic History, Economic Geography, Economics and Secretarial Practice. Students are obviously acquiring the broad background knowledge for executive positions. Also pleasing, and grounded on sound philosophy, is the manner in which the classroom is related to the business world. Students' excursions include places like banks, insurance offices, factories, municipal offices and the Stock Exchange. Central Library Swinburne's central library — already one of the showpieces — is steadily growing. Last year over two thousand books were accessioned. Among the books bought, the major acquisition was a set of Encyclopaedia Britannica, which is proving invaluable in reference work. A subscription to a Malayan newspaper, "Straits Budget," has been greatly appreciated by Asian students. The central library is also used for special displays by teaching depart­ ments during Education Week and throughout the year. In early 1958 the Physics Department made a neat attachment for the library globe to show the orbits of the Russian and American earth satellites. Both the librarian, Mrs. J. Baillie, and the attistant librarian, Miss M. Vincent, are impressed by students' behaviour, particularly their acceptance of the policy of silence. They feel that this is largely due to the library training given in our junior schools. Two other interesting facts are reported by our librarians: boys use the central library more than girls; there is a relatively low loss of books. University Qualifications Years ago those who did not complete their qualifications at day school often had cause to regret all their lives. Over a long period 98 General News of time Swinburne has been helping men and women of all ages to acquire at night-time the training they have missed — mainly on the technical side. In recent years many other evening classes of the creative type have been added. Examples of these are Art, Art Metal Work, Astronomy, Autolithography, Basketwork, Bookbinding, Chemistry for Ceramists, Fabric Printing, Glass-working, Photo­ graphy, Pottery, Ticket Writing and Weaving. In 1958 the College added to the already imposing list an entirely new service. By attending evening classes at the College students can obtain full instruction for the University of Melbourne's external examinations in Intermediate, Leaving and Matriculation. Teaching is available in 11 Intermediate subjects, 10 Leaving and 10 Matriculation. The scheme is working very smoothly and the public response has been good.

Talks on Tape A recent meeting of the Institute of Engineers, where a paper was read on communications between engineers, Swinburne was able to report that it had already pioneered instruction in branches of this. Fourth year diploma students must deliver talks on subjects arising out of their technical reports (research followed by writing), without script, to an audience of fellow students, in the presence of a recording tape. Though reading is banned, brief notes may be used, and talks intended to last for five minutes often run on for ten. Questions are asked afterwards and discussions take place, so the play-back can take anything up to half an hour. To their amaze­ ment most students find they have been coherent, articulate, clear and interesting. Obviously there is nothing of elocution or voice production in the scheme. However, constructive comments come from the audience and the supervising instructor, so the second attempts are even better. In years to come, at board meetings of civil engineers or works conferences of chemists, many a successful talk may owe origin to Swinburne's use of the tape recorder.

Chemical Engineering This year the Education Department approved the institution at the College of a full-time day diploma course in Chemical Engineer­ ing. The old style diploma in the subject — Swinburne was the first technical institution in Victoria to issue one — consisted of a rather uneasy arrangement of subjects from the Applied Chemistry and Engineering Diplomas. Only two of these were ever issued. Round 1952 it became obvious that a more modern diploma was called for and an evening or part-time course was approved and commenced in 1953. To gain recognition from the Royal Australian Chemical General News 99

Institute it was necessary to organise this diploma as subsequent to a Diploma of Applied Chemistry. The new course is a five-year one to meet the requirements of the R.A.C.I. Students qualifying can look forward to interesting and lucrative careers. With the development of large-scale chemical concerns, there will be a very good demand for the new type of engineer. Duties will cover the design, erection, maintenance and operation of equipment. Over­ seas students are showing great interest in the course. An initial difficulty of inadequate space in the Chemistry School is being met by the erection of a proper Chemical engineering laboratory in a converted room on Burwood Road. Other Engineering Courses New courses relating to the fields of Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning and Refrigeration are also going into operation at Swinburne. These courses are designed tofill a long felt need of specialized training for engineers. Up to the present the industries concerned have been operating, to a large extent, with men trained as mechanical engineers who obtain the specialized knowledge from their works experience with the possible assistance of a few technical school subjects such as Refrigeration. A special Advisory Committee has been set up to enable the College Council and teaching staff to evaluate the requirements of industry and of the community in general. The detail work regarding the syllabuses for the new Diploma and Certificate courses in Heating, Ventilation and Refrigeration has been carried out by our Mechanical Engineering Department, and incorporates what is considered to be the best features of similar courses operating in England and America. As something more than thefirst halves of these new courses are common with those in Mechanical Engineering, there are already quite a number of students who have made considerable headway in the new courses and who intend completing them in preference to the Mechanical Engineering courses. For those who already have a Diploma in Mechanical Engineering, or are in the process of finishing off this diploma, there is a Post Diploma course leading to the Diploma in Heating ,Ventilation and Refrigeration. All these courses may be taken either part-time or full-time or in various combinations of full and part-time study. Anyone interested in further details should make inquiries to the Head of the Department of Mechanical Engineering. Art Student Activities Art students at Swinburne find many opportunities for putting their training into practice. They frequently enter and distinguish themselves in outside art competitions and this year's outside cover 100 General News is the work of a senior student. Typographical layouts for the apprenticeship program, award cards, book presentation labels and Apprenticeship Award Certificates are done by them. They are also responsible for the layouts of Swinburne Reports and the Com­ mercial School's Model Folder. Willian Sykes, a fourth-year art student, prepared the decor for the opera "Maritana," performed by the "Q" Theatre Guild. He was assisted by two other students of recent years, John Adam and Keith Hickey. Richard Bishop, 4th year Technical Studentship holder, was commissioned by Messrs. Dunnachie's Cafe and Milk Bar opposite the Chemistry School to paint a mural. He received much assistance from another student, Brian Cleveland. The proprietors of the Cafe have permitted our art students to use wall space for a permanent exhibition of their works. The present display is a most attractive one and well worth a visit. More interesting from the art students' point of view is a further application — visitors to the shop are buying the paintings.

Education Week This year the College welcomed parents and friends on Tuesday and Wednesday of the second last week in Term II. Classrooms, workshops, laboratories, studios, theatrette and library were open to the visitors, who were conducted on tours by student guides. The Chemistry School display attracted many people interested in astronomy and photography. Small boys and their fathers seemed inevitably to gravitate towards the Heat Engines Laboratory, where much noise accompanied the experimental work associated with compressed air and steam power plants. Also very popular was the display in the Senior Art School. In addition to the usual examples of art, the School showed metal and pottery work. An innovation this year was the mannequin parade staged by the Girls' Junior School. Girls modelled dresses and other garments made by them­ selves in connection with school work. The range was from cookery aprons and blouses to shortie coats and glamorous party frocks. It was an interesting and enjoyable experience for the girls, and a revelation for the audience, very few people being previously aware of the high standard of the dressmaking courses in our Girls' Junior School. Overseas Students at Swinburne Over 300 enquiries have already been received for places in 1959, so Swinburne is evidently a popular place with overseas students seeking professional training in Australia. As it is College policy to accept all qualified Australian students there will be room for no more thanfifty of the applicants. At the beginning General News 101 of the second term this year there were 140 attending the College, 76 of these students from 1957 and 64 new enrolments. Places represented include Thailand, Malaya, Ceylon, North Borneo, Singa­ pore, Sumatra, Hong Kong and Nauru. In addition, there are seven Colombo Plan students. Almost half the visitors are taking engineering courses; Commerce is second favourite, closely followed by Chemistry. The remainder have chosen the Art and Dress­ making Courses. These fine young men and women are constantly winning friends and goodwill. They are keen participants in College life and are conducting for themselves a very active Overseas Students' Club. Their presence among us is evidence of a new period in world relationships, a reminder that if a line is drawn from Karachi in Western Pakistan, to Hokkaido in the north of Japan, nearly half the world's people live between that line and the northern shores of Australia. PERSONAL ITEMS

Mrs. G. Swinburne Mrs. G. Swinburne, wife of the founder of the college, this year celebrated her 90th birthday. On our behalf she was presented with a glass table centre made by Mr. Gordon. Accompanying the present was a staff gift of a bouquet of flowers. Mr. Tylee also sent a letter of congratulations. Over many years Mrs. Swinburne has maintained a deep and touching interest in the College and its progress. Until recently, when ill-health limited her activities, she was a regular attender at functions; however, her daughter, Miss G. Swinburne, has continued to deputise for her. Each year Mrs. Swinburne has very kindly entertained staff members and their families at a garden party at her home in Hawthorn. Afterwards the visitors have been free to inspect the lovely house and its treasures. Altogether, the College has been greatly enriched by her interest, her generosity and her ideals, and will reflect always the contributions of herself and her late husband.

Miss K. Levens Miss K. Levens, who holds an Arts Degree and Diploma of Education from the University of Melbourne, was appointed Head­ mistress of the Girls' Junior School last year and commenced duties at the beginning of Term I. She has had a wide experience in state secondary schools, and is a specialist in the teaching of English expression and literature. Prior to coming to Swinburne Miss Levens was Headmistress at the Sunshine Girls' Technical School. Before that she held a senior position at Emily McPherson College. During her term of office Miss Levens hopes to see many improvements and additions to the Girls' Junior School; in parti­ cular, she is keen to see provision made for adequate playing space, which she considers of great educational importance.

Mr. B. R. Hames Mr. B. R. Hames, Head of the Humanities Department, was last year appointed Vice-Principal of the College. . He was born in New Zealand and received his university education there. Teaching experience was gained in Australian secondary and technical schools over a period of twenty years. Mr. Hames was appointed to the staff at Swinburne in 1945, and in the years that followed was responsible for the development of the Humanities Department and the establishment of the Central Library. In addition to being 102 Personal Items 103 deputy for the Principal, Mr. Hames is Headmaster of the Diploma Schools, supervisor of College publications, organiser of exhibitions, displays and Diploma Assemblies, chairman of the Board of Studies and advisor to Asian students. During his period of office he hopes to see increasing public recognition of technical colleges and the gradual institution of higher entrance qualifications for diploma students.

Mr. E. A. Budge Mr. E. A. Budge, who retired as Head of the Chemistry School this year, was born in Tasmania. He was educated at Queen's Col­ lege, Hobart, and the University of Tasmania, graduating Bachelor of Science. He immediately received a chemistry appointment in West Australia, being required to attend to cyanide plants at the mines of Kalgoorlie. During this period he knew well the late D. D. Griffiths, and remembers his departure for Swinburne. In 1915 Mr. Budge was appointed science master at Guilford Grammar School, Perth. Eight years later he returned to Tasmania to teach at the Hutchins School, Hobart. In 1927 came the appointment to Swinburne Technical College. Mr. Budge hopes regarding students that technical colleges will in the future concentrate on quality rather than quantity, that personal contact between instructor and student, which he considers one of the great Swinburnian traditions, will never be lost. As he favours more the exercises concerned with the application of fundamentals, he would also like to see reduced considerably the amount of memorisation required of chemistry students. Mr. G. Rofe Mr. G. Rofe of the Senior Art Staff, who reached retiring age this year, was farewelled from the College on the 13th June. At a special gathering of his colleagues he was presented with a cheque. In making the presentation Mr. Tylee drew attention to Mr. Rofe's long association with Swinburne, his period of service dating from opening of the Boys' Junior School in 1913. Mr. A. Jordan, Head of the Senior Art School, paid a tribute to Mr. Rofe for the work he had done, mentioning in particular his contributions to Fabric Printing. An article by Mr. Rofe in the literary section outlines some of the lighter side of his career at Swinburne. Mr. C. W. Brewer Mr. C. W. Brewer, in charge of Metallurgy at the College, left for England in June. Our colleague, already a highly qualified man in hisfield, has been granted two years' leave of absence to pursue 104 Personal Items

further metallurgical studies. While abroad Mr. Brewer will be attached to the Admiralty Materials Laboratory at Dorset. Prior to coming to Swinburne he was Senior Research Metallurgist for Australian Paper Manufacturers Ltd. Investigations began there into the corrosion of mild and stainless steel in pulp mill liquors were continued at the College's Chemistry School and won for Mr. Brewer a Master of Science degree from the Melbourne University.

Mr. G. Dixon Mr. G. Dixon, a member of staff in the Boys' Junior School, has a very interesting background. Born in Ballarat, he went abroad for further education and entered the teaching profession while in Eng­ land. While studying overseas he undertook a full course in Archaeology at the University of London. After training in this very interestingfield, he participated in a number of excavations for Roman remains, particularly at St. Albans, Canterbury. An account of one of his most successful "digs" was published in the University of London's paper. Later, Mr. Dixon visited a number of important archaeological sites in Yugoslavia and Macedonia (Greece). He is very interested in the problem of the antiquity of the Australian aboriginal and hopes, in due course, to contribute something to existing knowledge. Mr. Dixon has many good stories to tell; however, he is very modest about his achievements, the account above being the result of subterfuge by the interviewer. Mr. J. F. Dyall Mr. J. F. Dyall of the Commerce School attended the 1958 Accounting Convention of the Australian Society of Accountants, held in Sydney late in May. Over 700 members were present at the proceedings, which were formally opened by the Rt. Hon. R. G. Casey, Minister for External Affairs. While attending the Con­ vention Mr. Dyall found time to visit the Sydney Technical College and the N.S.W. University of Technology. He has since furnished the College with a good deal of valuable information on the operation of the two institutions. Mr. B. Edwards Mr. B. Edwards, in charge of physical training in the Boys' Junior School, is a real hero to his charges. Each Saturday during the recent League season he has played for Hawthorn Club. He also represented Victoria in the recent Carnival games. Mr. Edwards, who played inter-state last year, was born at Charlton, and educated at Assumption College, Kilmore. His teacher-training was under­ taken at Bendigo Teachers' College. While at Bendigo he played Personal Items 105 football with the well-known Sandhurst Club. During the 1958 season our colleague was runner-up in each of thefive majo r football awards, including the famous Brownlow Medal. Mr. J. M. C. Watson Mr. J. M. C. Watson, a teacher in the Boys' Junior School in 1957, left Melbourne towards the end of the year on the S.S. Iberia, having been awarded an International Cultural Exchange Scholar­ ship to travel in India. A letter from our former colleague appears in the literary pages, and gives a most interesting account of his experiences after leaving Swinburne. Since the letter was written he has also travelled in Iran and Turkey. Mr. Watson is at present in England; he expects to return to Victoria towards the end of 1959. Mr. A. Hulls Mr. A. Hulls, who was last year appointed Head of the Com­ merce School, was educated at the Leongatha High School and the Melbourne Teachers' College, where he obtained a Trained Teacher's Certificate. During the war years he served with the Royal Aus­ tralian Air Force and had extensive experience in war theatres overseas. While over Germany he was forced to bale out, and is thus a holder of the Caterpillar Badge. In the immediate post-war years Mr. Hulls attended the Melbourne University, qualifying for degrees in Arts and Commerce. Before returning to teaching he obtained practical business experience with Myer Emporium Ltd., working for three years in the accounting and administrative sections. Mr. R. Crooke Mr. R. Crooke of the Senior Art School was invited this year by the Australian Galleries to exhibit work for their second anniver­ sary exhibition. Three of his works were purchased — one by Sir Daryl Lindsay, on behalf of I.C.I. Late last year Mr. Crooke held a successful exhibition of his work at Kozminsky's Gallery. The exhibition was opened by the Very Rev. J. D. McKie, Bishop of Geelong. Although educated in Victoria our colleague has spent a good deal of his life in Northern Australia, particularly in the Cairns and Thursday Island areas. This factor is responsible for an outstanding characteristic of his work — appreciation of tropical colours and lighting. Mr. A. Pead Mr. A. Pead, with the approval of the Education Department and thefinancial assistanc e of McPherson Engineering Ltd. and Mrs. Swinburne, went abroad late last year to undertake courses in and investigations into various aspects of production engineering. He 106 Personal Items was particularly concerned in obtaining information about the estab­ lishment of a Machine Tool Laboratory. While overseas Mr. Pead sent a number of letters to the College about industrial concerns visited also the chief points of scenic interest. Since returning to the College he has given those concerned much valuable information on the trends of production engneering abroard. He also spoke at a Diploma Assembly on Britain's Technical Colleges. Mr. A. Moore Mr. A. Moore, who was recently appointed to the Senior Art School, received his early training in Sydney and at the National Gallery, Melbourne, where he was awarded the Grace Joel Scholar­ ship for Figure Painting. Later, he was an official war artist in New Guinea, the Middle East, Italy, France, the United Kingdom and Germany. His sketches of Belsen Camp hang in the National Gallery, Canberra. After returning to civilian life Mr. Moore held three successful exhibitions in Melbourne and then spent twelve months on a painting tour of Europe. For the past eight years he was art director of a Fleet Street advertising agency. While in London Mr. Moore held two exhibitions in Bond Street. Mr. L. S. Pendlebury Mr. L. S. Pendlebury, instructor in painting in the Swinburne Art School, spent six months abroad this year studying art. He was accompanied by his wife, a former member of the Art School Staff and winner of the National Gallery Travelling Scholarship for 1941. Late last year Mr. Pendlebury wonfirst prize of £350 in a Sydney Art Exhibition, the theme of which was "Our Changing Cities." His picture, entitled "Changing Patterns," showed a frag­ ment of the new nineteen-storey I.C.I, building against two old tenement houses. Mr. Pendlebury returned to Melbourne two days before the end of the second term. Mr. J. Tourrier Mr. J. Tourrier, who was an instructor in Advertising Art on the staff of the senior Art School for nearly three years, resigned near the end of thefirst ter m and has since left for overseas. He will be away three or four years studying art in Italy and other parts of Europe. Prior to coming to the College Mr. Tourrier worked as a freelance magazine artist. In the art world he was well known for his illustrations in Woman's Dav. Mr. E. H. Tucker Mr. E. H. Tucker, who was formerly in charge of the cleaning department of the College, was farewelled near the end of Term I, after approximately forty years of service. During this period he Personal Items 107 became well known to many teachers and to thousands of students. At a special gathering on 2nd May a presentation was made to Mr. Tucker, who, in reply, offered some very interesting observations, particularly about the increased mechanization of College facilities. He recalled that years ago setting woodfires i n the rooms was one of his winter-time duties. The very good wishes of all at Swinburne are extended to Mr. Tucker in his retirement, which will be spent in Queensland, where he recently bought a house. Mr. G. Whitworth Mr. G. Whitworth, a member of staff in the Boys' Junior School for many years before his promotion to Brunswick Technical School, has received news of a high honour. He will represent the Austra­ lian Teachers' Federation at the next world conference of the World Confederation of the Teaching Profession, to be held in Washington, D.C., August, 1959. Mr. Whitworth is a former President of the Victorian Teachers' Union, in which organization he has played a prominent part over many years. One of the few art teachers to hold the Art Teachers' Certificate, he will be remembered by many Swinburnians for his able and cheery microphone manner at the junior boys' morning assembly. Mr. Whitworth's many friends at the College are particularly pleased to hear of his success and are confident that he will prove a very able representative for Australia. Barbara Patterson Barbara Patterson, third-year art student, is the designer of this year's cover for the magazine. The cover was selected by the Magazine Committee after close consideration of the many entries submitted by senior students. Barbara attended Camberwell Gram­ mar School before coming to Swinburne. She is particularly interested in cover work and hopes to make this a specialty in her art career. Her other interests are music and travel. Barbara was one of the few girls to make the trip last year to Kiandra, when Swinburne students inspected the Snowy River Scheme. On another school trip a few years ago she visited Queensland's Barrier Reef. El don Smith Eldon Smith, this year's President of the Students' Representa­ tive Council, is a third-year civil engineering student. He is a product of the Junior Boys' School, being very well remembered for his athletic ability and activities with the Dramatic Club. Eldon was awarded a Senior Scholarship and was the winner of the "Stanley Liebich" Scholarship. In the senior school he has been a very prominent footballer. His quiet and efficient work for the S.R.C. has been much appreciated by fellow students and members of staff. 108 Personal Items

David Kepert David Kepert, a student in the senior school in 1953 and 1954, recently graduated Bachelor of Science at Melbourne University. He will begin studies for a Master's Degree next year. Of interest is the fact that his fiancee, Miss J. Cole, also graduated Bachelor of Science at the same ceremony. David came from Caulfield Technical School to take the third and fourth years of an Applied Chemistry Diploma Course, which he successfully completed. His father is very well known in technical education circles, having recently been nominated to the position of Assistant Chief Inspector of Technical Schools. John Melbourne John Melbourne, who will be remembered by many Swin­ burnians as a third-former in the Junior Boys' School in 1955, has been doing very well at his chosen trade, Fitting and Turning. This year he was among those who obtained an award for Outstanding Craftsmanship. John was the State Award Bronze Medallion winner. Reports reaching the College show that he is highly thought of by his employers. John Woolley John Woolley, who successfully completed an Intermediate Certificate in the Junior Boys' School in 1954, is already an out­ standing craftsman. During Apprentice Week he was awarded an Overseas Scholarship by the Victorian Overseas Foundation. Two otherfirst-class prize s were collected at the same time: the Federal Building Construction Prize, awarded by the Master Builders of Australia, and the George A. Taylor Memorial Medal, also awarded by the Master Builders of Australia. Barry Nicholls Barry Nicholls, a fourth-former in the Junior Boys' School in 1954, is at present taking a teacher-training course at the Burwood Teachers' College. He hopes later to specialise in physical education. Barry transferred to Melbourne Boys' High in 1956, becoming Head Prefect of that school. Many Swinburnians will remember him for his brilliant athletic performances. Graham Tyson Graham Tyson, a fourth year student in the Junior Boys' School in 1954, is nearing the end of a Diploma Course in Com­ munications Engineering at Royal Melbourne Technical College. He left Swinburne with a Senior Technical and State Savings Bank Scholarships. Later Graham was awarded a Commonwealth Govern­ ment Scholarship. Personal Items 109

Colin Chandler Colin Chandler, who obtained his Intermediate Certificate while attending the Junior Boys' School in 1954, was this year a State Award Winner in the Electrical Mechanics trade, receiving a Bronze Medallion. It is interesting to recall that Colin was a student in the fourth form science groups when work in the electricity was first added to the syllabus. Ralph Anderson Ralph Anderson, second-year engineering student, is one of the fellows who walk the highways during holidays waggling their thumbs; in other words, he is a professional hitch-hiker and very successful at it. In the last two years he has obtained rides to and from places as far apart as Horsham, Bendigo, Lakes Entrance, Sale, Mt. Buffalo, Wangaratta, Warrnambool, Foster and Inverloch. Total living expenses for this rather extensive tour of his native territory have not amounted to more than £,6. On a number of the journeys Ralph has been accompanied by another second-year engineer, Barry ShaW. Equipment consists of a change of clothes, a few personal effects, a sleeping bag and the previously mentioned thumbs. In the main, the boys prefer to emulate the spirit of the pioneers and sleep under the stars, but sometimes unco-operative weather has forced them to seek accommodation — of the free type. Once a midnight invasion of their hotel by uncultured beasts provided the travellers with a few anxious moments. Fortunately, their Swinburnian train­ ing stood by them and they were able to hold the barn against a herd of cows. Anthony Irving Anthony Irving, second-year art student, is a kyak enthusiast. Last long vacation he travelled by kyak from the upper waters of the Yarra to the region of Warrandyte. For two terms Anthony's stories concerning the trip have held enthralled groups of art girls. The most effective bit for making them starry-eyed was about killing rabbits by hand to avoid starvation. Now he confesses that they carried provisions estimated to last five days, reached Warrandyte in two, and stayed there till they had eaten the remainder of the food, which took a week. Actually, the trip provided a number of exciting moments and was undertaken for navigational and other river experience. A longer and more adventurous journey by kyak is being planned for the coming holidays. Bruce Mainka Barry Mainka, second-year civil engineering student, is a keen mountain climber. His more important conquests in recent years include Cathedral Range, Big Hill, Lake Mountain, Mt. Baw Baw, 110 Personal Items

Mt. Phillack, Mt. Erica, Mt. Bogong (highest in Victoria—6508ft.), Mt. Nelse, Mt. Cope, Mt. Hotham, Mt. Feathertop, Mt. Stirling, Mt. Speculation, Mt. Koonika, Cross Cut Saw and Mt. Howitt. The climbing has been done at weekends and on holidays. Anyone interested in this activity will find Bruce the proverbial mine of information. But those with visions of breath-taking views from the dizzy heights of never-before-conquered peaks, and ideas of rivalling the exploits of Sir Edmund Hillary, may well be dis­ illusioned. According to Bruce each climber carries forty pounds of equipment and is confined to one and a half pounds of food a day. Mt. Torbreck, near Eildon, is thefirst o f his objectives during the coming holidays. Charles Duncan Charles Duncan, this year's Head Prefect in the Boys' Junior School, was a student at Moe High School before coming to the College. After completing the form four professional course, he hopes to take a Diploma Course in Engineering at Swinburne. Charles plays in the soccer team and his main hobby is sailing. During 1958 he has earned much praise for the manner in which he has carried out his duties. Robin Kennedy Robin Kennedy, Head Prefect in the Girls' Junior School, was at Alamein State School before coming to Swinburne. After com­ pletion of this year's professional course Robin will attend either our Senior School or Camberwell High. Her favourite sport is soft- ball; she is also a keen pianist. Though Robin very modestly gives all the credit to Miss Leverns and Miss Webb for their advice and guidance, the general opinion is that she has carried out her duties as Head Prefect in a most commendable way. Ill CLUBS AND ACTIVITIES

Students' Representative Council This year the S.R.C. has met each Tuesday in the Chemistry School. Eldon Smith has been an able President and Lorraine Bysouth a most efficient secretary. The objectives of the S.R.C. have been to effect co-operation with the staff, improvements to the College and entertainment for students. All these objectives have been successfully achieved. On the entertainment side the principal events have been dances, picture nights and a snow trip. Funds raised from these gatherings are to be used to buy a radiogram for the Students' Commonroom. The S.R.C. has also played a pro­ minent part in organizing normal College excursions. It was represented on other College Committees. Also pleasing was the number of matters in which the S.R.C. was able to obtain better understanding from students of some difficulties faced by the College. However a smaller matter — the provision of free tea for students at lunchtime — was probably the most popular of the S.R.C.'s achievements.

Student Christian Movement The Student Christian Movement at Swinburne has had another successful year. The secretary and organizer for 1958 was fourth- year student I. G. Dower. Meetings were held every Thursday in the Chemistry School. Visiting speakers were popular for new7 ideas they brought. Use of films helped to make the meetings interesting. Also of value were the Discussion Groups. Some mem­ bers of the Swinburne Group attended the work-camp, held at Chum Creek in July. The practice of meeting for prayer and worship at St. Columb's Chapel at the beginning of the lunch period every Monday has been continued this year. Altogether, the Student Christian Movement at Swinburne has had a very successful year. New members are always welcome, and those looking for a worth­ while activity are corially invited to discuss the matter with any of the present group.

Overseas Students' Club With the continued increase in the number of Asian students, there has been greater interest this year in the Overseas Students' Club. Officials for 1958 were as follows: Yea Gim Wah (President). Goh Toh Kwee (Vice-President) and Lee Poh Lim (Secretary). The Club aims to foster friendship among Asian students and to help 112 Clubs and Activities 113

Asian and Australian students to understand each other. It also is willing to help prospective students overseas about accommodation problems and Australian immigration procedures. The Club's Com­ mittee meets monthly to arrange functions and to discuss problems arising. Film nights and dances have proved to be very popular. One of the most interesting developments this year has been parti­ cipation by the Club's members in sporting activities. Basketball and table tennis are the sports most favoured.

Apprentices' Social Club

The eight hundred apprentices attending the College have again had opportunities for social life as well as for instruction in their chosen trade. Last year's end-of-term social was a particularly successful event. Under the guidance of Mr. C. Lawrence, Head of the Plumbing Department, plans were made early this year for further Club activities. The response by the apprentices towards entertainment on Award Night was very gratifying to their instruc­ tors. As shown by a report in another part of this magazine, the boys have some very talented artists among their numbers. Two other very successful events were a monster picture night and an end-of-term dance. Plans are being made by the Club's-Committee to ensure that the final social this year is the most successful yet. The boys are very grateful to Mr. Lawrence for the time and energy given on their behalf.

Senior Photography Club This year the Club has twenty very enthusiastic members. At the inaugural meeting early in the first term, Alan Birkett was elected President and Robert Lascelles the Secretary and Treasurer. Since last year members have prepared an excellent dark room and added a number of articles to the equipment already possessed. More purchases are planned. A very interesting development has been the Club's affiliation with Inter-Schools Photographic Society. The latter is an organization sponsored by student photographers in leading state and private schools. Swinburne representatives attend the Society's meetings at regular intervals to be informed of outings and competitions. Students and Members of staff are reminded that the Club's members are always available to take photographs on important occasions or to give expert advice on camera problems.

Senior Excursions This year students taking the Engineering Courses have again made a number of visits to places connected with their studies. The idea behind these excursions is educationally very sound. Students

:see in thefield o f practical activity much that has been discussed in 114 Clubs and Activities

class lectures. Civil engineers journeyed to the Maroondah Dam, the Silvan Dam and the Olinda and Surrey Hills reservoirs. They also visited sewerage treatment plants at Dandenong and Kew. Machine Shop Practice students attended at the following industrial con­ cerns: Crusader Plate, Russell Mfg. Ltd., Bethune Pty. Ltd., Vickers Ruwolt, Richardson Gears, Sutton Tool and Gauge Co., and Marfleet and Weight Ltd. But the sight-seeing is only part of the general scheme. Afterwards the students collate their experiences and thoughts in true scientific style. The reports are submitted to the respective instructors for assessment. Judging by the voluminous nature of many of the reports, this portion of the activity is con­ sidered interesting and valuable. Junior School Excursions During the year boys and girls in the senior classes of the junior schools went on a number of interesting excursions. These were closely linked to school courses in Social Studies. At the same time the students were given opportunities to see for themselves the organisation of industry in the community and the various occupa­ tions involved. For the boys the most enjoyable was a visit to the T.A.A. Workshops at Essendon Aerodrome. With a background of noise from planes arriving and departing, they inspected all the apparatus used to keep modern aeroplanes in air-worthy condition. The boys came away convinced that the machines were very involved. However, they were very impressed by the attention given to them. Almost as popular was the excursion to the Upper Yarra Dam. The 106 boys making the trio had a Darticularly interesting day. One of the best excursions for the girls was a visit to MacRobertson's chocolate factory. Here they saw all the phases involved in the manufacture of chocolates. The degree of mechanisation in this industry has now reached enormous proportions. The girls were also impressed by the high standard of the working conditions. Fencing Club This vear there are ten girl* in the Fencing Club. They are tutored bv Professor Michael O'Brien and Miss Webb. The girls meet in the Music Room every Thursday afternoon for formal instruction, and at other times during the week for incidental prac­ tice. During the year the Club met other schools in fencing matches. These proved very enjoyable occasions, particularly the matches against Brighton and University High Schools. All the members of the Club are grateful to Miss Webb for the time she has freely given during 1958. Junior Camera Club This year the Club has between twenty and thirty members. Clubs and Activities 115

President is D. Norman and Secretary J. Taylor. Members meet in their Club room at lunchtime. They are very grateful to the Prin­ cipal, Mr. Tylee, for the assistance he has given during the year. Mr. Hutchison, of the Electric Wiring Department, has also been helpful. Club members also received some interesting talks from Mr. Barfield on developing, enlarging and mixing chemicals. Alto­ gether, it has been an interesting year. Those keen on photography would be welcome as members next year.

Chess Club The Club has this year approximately thirty players. New members are welcome, even at this late stage. The "Game of Kings" is played every lunchtime. Also, the Club conducts, from time to time, elimination tournaments. The members are divided into pairs and continue to play until only two players are left. The winner of the last match is considered the champion. A ladder is then prepared, with the names of the best players at the top, the worst at the bottom. During 1958 J. Boehm has been the best player. The Club's very successful year has been greatly assisted by its energetic officials: David Norman (President); John Field (Secretary). Model Boat Club Members of the Model Club are very enthusiastic about their hobby. Boats are built at home, but are brought to school for finishing touches. Mr. A. Ferrier, teacher-in-charge, makes avail­ able to the boys all his technical knowledge and skills. Some of the working models reach particularly high standards, and are often displayed at special school functions. On certain days members go to either Ringwood Lake or Albert Park Lake to sail their ships. These have been wonderful hours for the model builders. The President, J. R. Pollard, and Secretary, L. R. Cameron, extend, on behalf of the boys, sincere thanks to Mr. Ferrier for his interest and hard work on their behalf. Prefect System Once again the Prefect System has worked very well in both the boys' and girls' junior schools. Mr. Iverson, Head Master of the Boys' Junior School, and Miss Levens, Head Mistress of the Girls' junior School, are particularly pleased with the co-operation achieved by the prefects. The secret lies in the prefects' high standards of personal behaviour, at the same time, they remain on good terms with the younger students. In many ways special atten­ tion has been given at Swinburne over a number of years to the development and acceptance of the prefect idea. It is now paying 116 Clubs and Activities

very good dividends. Head Prefects in the respective schools, Charles Duncan and Robin Kennedy, have more than lived up to the high standards of their predecessors.

Prefects' Afternoon Tea During the early part of term two Prefects in the boys' and girls' school met the Principal, Mr. A. Tylee, and Mrs. Tylee, at afternoon tea. Mr. L. Iverson and Miss K. Levens were present to introduce the Prefects to Mr. and Mrs. Tylee. Mr. J. Keane and Miss Webb, teachers in charge of the Prefects, were also in atten­ dance. After the formalities were over there was plenty of conversa­ tion and laughter. Afternoon tea was served at theh appropriate moment and further added to the goodwill present. It was a very successful gathering, all present having in large measure a "getting- to-know-you" spirit.

Visit from M.L.C. Last year girls of the Methodist Ladies College interested in music entertained some of the junior girls from Swinburne. This year the College was able to return the hospitality. On Wednesday, 4th June, the third and fourth form girls met the choir from the Methodist Ladies College in our Social Hall. Each Swinburne girl partnered an M.L.C. girl and the programme began with the singing of "Jerusalem". After more singing a very enjoyable afternoon tea was served. A musical game then followed, an M.L.C. girl winning the prize. Next the M.L.C. Choir sang "Hush, My Dear." The Swinburne Choir sang "You Spotted Snakes", written by Shake­ speare and put to music by Schubert. Both choirs then sang "Ye Banks and Braes." A very enjoyable afternoon came to a close with a charade acted by Swinburne's fourth formers and the singing bv all of "Auld Lang Syne."

Bolshoi Ballet Near the end of Term One the girls of the Junior School attended a screening of a splendid film, Bolshoi Ballet. This was quite an exciting event. The film was made in 1956 during the visit of the Russian Company to London. The cameramen took excerpts of famous ballets and very artistically fitted them together for a full-length film. A Royal Command performance of Giselle was included, the brilliant Galina Ulanova being Giselle. The other high­ light of the film for the girls was Galina Ulanova's interpretation of the Dying Swan. Everyone was grateful for the opportunity to see thefilm, whic h showed some of the world's greatest ballet stars in their most brilliant roles. Clubs and Activities 117

Hiawatha During March some of Swinburne's junior girls went with Miss Webb to see a performance of Hiawatha at Olympic Pool. It was a very enjoyable experience for the girls to see so many dramatic forms at the same time. The part which was most interesting to them was the death of Minnihaha. She was taken across to the other side of the pool in a canoe, and then lifted on to another canoe. Also of interest was the work of the Chorus, directed by William Carse. All the girls were very grateful to Miss Webb for arranging the evening, which to some was the most exciting of their lives. Romeo and Juliet On the 2nd July a group of thirty girls from the junior school went with Miss Webb to see a film version of Shakespeare's "Romeo and Juliet." The film was shot in Italy. There were many back­ grounds of famous cathedrals and, at times, of works of art, such as the paintings of the old masters. All the girls were impressed by the voices of the actors and actresses. The parts of Romeo and of Juliet were particularly well played. There was general agreement that a reading of the play was so much easier after seeing the film. It was a very wonderful afternoon's entertainment. Empire Youth March On Sunday, 4th May, somefifty boys and girls from Swinburne took part in the Empire Youth March. This has become an annual event, and is now of considerable significance, as the representation has become community wide. Swinburne's boys and girls assembled with other groups in the Alexandra Gardens forfinal briefing . Our representatives wore full winter uniform and looked very smart. The march was up Swanston Street, along Bourke Street to Russell Street and back to Collins Street, where the Swinburne group attended a special service in the Baptist Church. For almost all the marchers the important moment was the saluting of the Gover­ nor, Sir Dallas Brooks, at the Melbourne Town Hall. Junior Boys' Library The junior boys have received very good service from their library this year. Some very interesting statistics on use of the library have been compiled by the teacher-in-charge, Mr. K. Ingram. The more significant figures include the following: 77% of boys borrow regularly; the average number of books read per boy each year is 12; annual borrowings amount to 8,000; one day during the visit bv departmental inspectors a check showed 293 books out on loan — an average of 14 per class. From the above it is clear the demand for educational, cultural and recreational reading is in- 118 Clubs and Activities

creasing among junior boys. As almost 500 boys have to be catered for, Mr. Ingram sees the need for more finance, shelf space and seating accommodation in the near future. This year the Parents- Teachers' Association donated £50 for library materials, but as there is still much to be added all gifts of money and books would be gratefully received. Of interest is the fact that form four boys under the direction of staff member, Mr. R. Crook, have completed five excellent wall murals. These have done much to brighten the library. Finally, Mr. Ingram and the boys are grateful to the library monitors under John MacMillan. John and his monitors provided a high standard of service during 1958.

Junior Girls' Library The junior girls' library this year is housed in a newly acquired property in William Street. Now that an even better room is avail­ able there are specific and additional library classes to enable the girls to learn how to appreciate and care for books. The girls are also taught how to make proper use of the information available for projects and class assignments. The books now in stock cover many fields, such asfiction, art , travel, hobbies, social studies, science and general field. The sections on music and the theatre are very popular. The P.-T.A. has given £-50 this year to be spent on new books. It is felt that in 1958 there was evidence of greater use of the library. This is particularly pleasing to the members of staff who have worked so hard for the presentfine facilities. Drama Club The Drama Club began this year with staff members, Mr. Dixon and Miss Blew, as producers, and also with an acute shortage of boys. This seems to be the way every year, and on Swinburne's experiences girls are definitely more interested in acting than boys. However, as in other years, enough boys were available at the right times. The members feel that apart from the knowledge gained of lighting and staging, there is increased personal confidence gained from acting in front of an audience. One of the most interesting plays performed in public this year was "The Patchwork Quilt." It was very well received and helped to raise a large sum of money for the Parents-Teachers' Association. Madrigal Group The Madrigal Group has again had a very successful year. There is a boys' choir and two girls' choirs. As only the best singers are chosen by Miss Webb, being one of the Mads (as thev are popularly known) is quite an honour. But what is not generally known is that behind the very successful performances given by Clubs and Activities 119 the Group there are many hours of practice. However, both the boys' and girls' choirs feel that the response to their singing more than justifies the hard work involved. Once again the Swinburne singers were prominent at the school music festivals, reflecting great credit to the teacher in charge of Music, Miss J. Webb.

Orchestra Visits Each year boys and girls of the junior schools attend a number of concerts given by the Victorian Symphony Orchestra in the Melbourne Town Hall. For most the concert conducted by Sir Bernard Heinze was the most enjoyable. The interview with the orchestra was interesting, and Sir Bernard's style made this intro­ duction sound much simpler than it really was. Some of the most popular items were as follows: "Dance Macabre;" "Country Gar­ den;" "Jamaican Rumba" and excerpts from "Lohengrin." During the performance the audience sang with the orchestra "Ye Banks and Braes" and "Road To The Isles." This type of community singing is very effective in a place like the Melbourne Town Hall. All too soon the concert was over, but very few present will ever forget this wonderful afternoon. Violin, 'Cello and Flute Classes Performances by the College Orchestra are always very well received, but sometimes questions are asked about the players, particularly concerning the skills they reveal in performances. In the main, the members of the Orchestra have been trained in special classes conducted by Miss Webb. This year violin, 'cello and flute classes are being held. Approximately twenty Swinburne students are attending the violin classes. Three students are being taught the flute and two the 'cello. These classes are held during lunch breaks and at other special times. Considering the small amount of time available, the standards reached are a great credit to the enthusiasm of the students concerned and to the quality of the instruction they receive from Miss Webb, Swinburne's, teacher-in- charge of Music. Chamber Music Evening On the 1st August the Victorian School Music Association conducted its annual Chamber Music Evening at the Melbourne Teachers' College. The programme consisted of small unaccom­ panied vocal and instrumental groups. Nine schools took part and, as the nature of the music demanded musicians of some experience, the standard of performance was high. Swinburne was represented by eighteen madrigal singers, who performed very creditably. 120 Clubs and Activities

Musical Evening On 8th August schools in the Hawthorn-Kew district combined for music-making in a new hall at the Methodist Ladies' College, All the Swinburnians participating were very impressed by the size and beauty of the hall, which wasfilled b y school children and an adult audience. The Swinburnian boys' treble choir, drawn from first, second and third form boys, made itsfirst public appearance. It acquitted itself well with fine singing, its spruce appearance and excellent behaviour. A junior and senior girls' choir and the madrigal group also took part. Schools represented, besides Swin­ burne, were Scotch College, Ruyton Girls', M.L.C. and Trinity Grammar. A Junior Symphony Orchestra, consisting of players under twenty years, added variety to a most musical evening. Schools' Orchestral Festival This year the festival was held on the 16th August. Each school participating provided an orchestra which played alone, and later combined with other school orchestras to play in proper symphony style. The guest conductor this year was Mr. Harold Badger. His was the job of rehearsing this unwieldy orchestra vigorously for half an hour or so before its performance. But the final result was a really thrilling experience. Members of the Swin­ burne Orchestra enjoyed the festival and benefited greatly from the conductor's hints. Choir Broadcast Towards the end of August the Senior Girls' Choir sang at Wesley Church, Melbourne. The occasion was an important one, the singing being part of a programme to usher in Education Week. The service was a broadcast one, and so an exciting event for our girls. Although the occasion was a strictly formal one, the choir quickly adapted itself to the conditions and performed verv well. Brighton Schools' Festival The abovementioned festival took place at Haileybury College on 22nd August. By invitation the Junior Girls' Choir took part and acquitted itself very well. Schools from the Brighton area provided a good variety of musical items, which gave very satisfying entertainment to our girls. An essential part of the enjoyment is the fact that such gatherings are non-competitive. The whole idea is to obtain musical experience. Obviously understanding and friendliness are the natural outcome of combined achievement. Children's Theatre Early this year boys and girls of the junior school were able to attend a performance by the Children's Theatre, which is con- Clubs and Activities 121 ducted by two sisters, Misses Joan and Betty Rayner. They act one part and, after quickly changing, carry on with other parts. One play was about a frog which courted a mouse. Another one was about a difficult princess. She refused to marry any of the princes presented to her, so her father said she would marry the next man to enter the palace. The next man was a puppet man, and this man her father made her marry. But the princess was a lucky girl, as the puppet man turned out to be a prince in disguise. The per­ formances took place in the Hawthorn Town Hall. They were very much enjoyed by the younger boys and girls; but the older ones were critical of some of the stories.

Theatrette Of the many privileges which the students of Swinburne enjoy, one of the greatest is the theatrette. Over the years since its establish­ ment students have obtained much instruction from films and a good deal of entertainment. Many other activities are carried on through the theatrette. Film strips are lent to teachers for class lessons. Lunch-time shows are also organized for special occasions. The monies raised by these additional shows have benefited many College organizations. Each year something new is added to the theatrette's activities and some improvement carried out. Recent renovations have given the theatrette a most pleasing appearance. Also worthy of note is the quality of the service given. Officer-in- charge, Mr. R. Lyons, is always willing to go to a good deal of trouble to obtain for teachers the special films required. Now that we all take the theatrette for granted it is an interesting exercise to imagine Swinburne without its modern and equipped film centre, but for most of us that would be a very futile pursuit. Boys' Social Service Under the guidance of Mr. A. Johnston this activity has always been a prominent one in the Junior Boys' School. It has aimed at impressing on all students the need for service to the community, especially to those younger people who are in less fortunate circum­ stances than themselves. To that end, the funds raised during the year are devoted mainly to those whose greatest need is inability to be completely self-supporting in later life. Anything which can help to alleviate the difficulties of these people in their early life is of value to the community. The establishments to which the boys give dona­ tions include many bodies that care for the sick, the infirm, the blind, the deaf and the orphaned. Because regular aid is so important, the collections are held each Friday morning. The response by the boys is magnificent, especially during the Hospitals' Egg Appeal Week. Letters of appreciation from the bodies receiving donations are many 122 Clubs and Activities and their contents complete justification of the activity. Mention must also be made of the boys who willingly devote some of their own time to alleviating the lot of some of Hawthorn's older people by cutting firewood during the winter months.

Girls' Social Service This year girls of the junior school have collected approximately £.90. Voluntary donations have been made every Monday morning. Money has also been raised bv selling goods at stalls and the holding of concerts. Mrs. Wellington is organizer of the activity and acts as Treasurer, too. Donations have been made to a number of organizations, the chief being the Presbyterian Babies' Home, the Darling Babies' Home and Red Cross. At Christmas time selected girls take bunches of flowers and parcels of groceries to elderly pensioners in the area. Mrs. Wellington has made the suggestion that our girls adopt a number of elderly pensioners, with a view to finding out their most urgent needs and outings on a Sunday after­ noon. The girls are giving serious consideration to this idea.

Council Meeting As part of their course in Social Studies senior students in the junior schools attended a meeting of the Hawthorn City Council at the Hawthorn Town Hall on Tuesday, 29th July. They listened with attention to discussion on a variety of agenda items and were astonished at the range of the material dealt with by local govern­ ments. Also interesting to our students was the procedure adopted, it being very like modern parliamentary practice. Afterwards the Mayor, Councillor George, and the other Councillors, were kind enough to entertain our students at supper. It was. in the opinion of the party, not onlv a most educational evening but also a very pleasant one. The College is grateful to the Council for the continued interest it has shown in our students and the courtesv extended to them.

Ballroom Dancing Every Friday afternoon sounds unusual at Swinburne issue from the Social Hall. At first, the noises are hard to interpret; then passers-by recognize the music of the dance halls. This is music from the best recordings of their kind and everything about the pro­ ceedings is very orderly. It means for fourth form boys and girls that instruction in the art of ballroom dancing is available Fridav afternoons from 4-5 p.m. Mr. Pullen, a well-known teacher of dancing, attends and for a very moderate fee provides the funda­ mentals of this graceful art. Strict ballroom decorum is the rule. SPORT RECORD

SENIOR SCHOOL Another enjoyable and successful year has been completed with Swinburne winning premierships in two of the inter-technical school competitions — those of Baseball and Football. The various competitions resulted as follows: Athletics The combined carnival at Olympic Park was won by Mel­ bourne. Seven teams competed with Swinburnefinishing fifth. Outstanding competitor was Ken Woodger who won all of his three events. Our only other winner was Bob Osborn. Cricket Swinburne finished second to Footscray. Our most successful players being Ian Sharp, Alan Anderson and Graham Patterson. Baseball Swinburne had a very successful year winning the premiership without a defeat. Alan Anderson was the outstanding individual performer with Rex Lind next best. Football This year's team gave of their best but did not enjoy a premiership for thefirst time since the competition was inaugurated in 1947. Outstanding players were Eldon Smith, Frank Basset, Phil Anderson, Ian Bates, Barry Densley and Graham Ellis, with many others worthy of mention if space permitted. Swimming Caulfield won the year's competition with Swinburne in third nlace. Individual winners were: Bassett, Hunt, Loide, 0. Zarins and R. Meggs. Tennis This year's team gave of their best but did not enjoy as much success as former Swinburne teams,finishing fifth i n the com­ petition. Stan Ward and John Cooper are worthy of individual mention. Social matches were plaved in Basketball, Badminton, Soccer and Table Tennis as well as in the sports mentioned earlier. Out­ standing performance was that of the Basketball team, which finished second in the "All Schools" Lightning Premiership. 123 124 Sport Record

On all sporting fields. Mr. Lovitt, sportsmaster, thanks all players in all sports. Each and everyone, in his opinion, competed in the very best spirit and helped to maintain and enhance Swin­ burne's deservedly high sporting reputation. In turn, senior students extend to Mr. Lovitt their sincere thanks for the time and energy he devotes to them in organization of sporting opportunities.

JUNIOR BOYS' SCHOOL Swimming The Inter-House Swimming Sports were held at the Glenferrie Baths on Wednesday, March 5th. Final scores were: Henty 81 pts, Collins 79, Batman 66 and Flinders 66. After these contests a team was selected to train, under the tuition of Mr. B. Edwards, for the Inter-Technical Swimming Carnival held at the new Olympic Pool on Thursday, 27th March. The Swinburne team did not do as well as they usually do in this carnival, and finshed second last with 88 pts. Our congratulations go to Preston (1st) with 150 pts. We had outstanding performers in G. Burgin (1st, Over 15 Breast- stroke), J. Simon (1st, Under 14 Freestyle), also young swimmers B. Baulch, D. Dewsnap and N. Weber. On Friday G. Burgin and J. Simon competed in the Champions Day, when winners from all the Technical Schools competed. These boys both came 3rd in their events. Cricket Bill Sharp was elected captain for this year, with Kevin Nov as his deputy. Mr. Cant had charge of the coaching. The team was expected to do well, but they lost all their three games. The first two, against Ferntree Gully and Box Hill, were lost by narrow margins. The chief run getters were G. Bray. J. Game, and K. Nov, while the wickets were shared by W. Sharp and K. Nov. R. Sim­ mons showed great promise as a wicket keeper. Lacrosse The captain for the season was Ron Bassett, vice-captain Peter Fallu. Mr. Tait carried out the duties of coach, manager and referee. We also wish to thank Mr. F. Lansbury of the Malvern Club for his help in coaching and coming to our aid in supplying sticks. The team played some good matches, defeating Heidelberg twice, and extending Coburg and Caulfield. We wish to congratulate Williamstown on winning the premiership, by going through the season undefeated. As well as our captain we had good players in R. Datson, J. Evans, L. Gardiner, and B. Beaumont. We hope to have a good team next year because quite a few of our outstanding players are in Form II. Sport Record 125

Baseball This season, Swinburne had its best team since entering the competition. We would like to thank Mr. R. Cook for his help in training the team, and assisting in umpiring matches. Results: Jordanville 6 defeated Swinburne 1; Swinburne 2 defeated South Melbourne 1; Swinburne 18 defeated Ferntree Gully 1; Swinburne 12 defeated Richmond 4; Swinburne 13 defeated Jordanville 8; Swin­ burne 8 defeated Sth. Melbourne 6; Swinburne 18 defeated Ferntree Gully 2; Richmond 9 defeated Swinburne 6. After these games there was a three-way tie between Richmond, Jordanville and Swinburne. In the play off Swinburne were defeated by Jordanville 4 to 2. Players who performed well during the year were G. Bray, T. Bray, K. Noy, T. Wilmort, G. Beaumont and K. Morrison. Football 1958 was looked on as being a great year for the College in regard to Football. Practice matches were played against Caulfield, Brighton and South Melbourne with great success. Bill Sharp was the captain and Eric Esplin the vice-captain, and once again we were happy to have Mr. Ingram as the coach. During the home and home games, the team displayed terrific form, defeating all the teams in the section twice, the closest game being against Richmond, and then the margin was 23 pts. We had great players in W. Sharp (centre), G. Burgin (ruck), L. Polsa (rover), T. Chard (centre half-forward), N. Oldfield (forward). Swinburne (Section 1 win­ ner) met Sandringham (Section 4 winner) in the semi-final at Caulfield. Conditions were very bad for that match and the team never appeared to settle down. After leading by 15 pts, at % time, Swinburne were defeated by 7 pts. Final scores were: Sandringham 8-11. Swinburne 7-10. Best players were: D. Harrison (centre half-back), J. Geere (full-back), R. Simmons (wing), N. Cum- mings (rover) and N. Millard (back pocket). The under 14 team under the guidance of Mr. Bedggood played matches against Rich­ mond. South Melbourne, Box Hill Grammar, and Noble Park. This team also took part in the Lightning Premiership conducted by the Hawthorn Football Club on the Glenferrie Oval, and were defeated in the semi-final by the winners. Congratulations go to I. Fyfe and B. Piotrowski, who have been chosen in a combined team to visit Wagga. Also, a school seconds team was formed and played matches against South Melbourne and Box Hill Grammar. Staff Match At the end of the second term, the Staff played the School Football Eighteen at St. James Park. This year the teachers proved too strong, winning 9.13 to 6.6. The best players for the staff were B. Edwards (5 goals), G. Edwards, R. Cook, L. Storey and A. 126 Sport Record

Bedggood. For the School Team G. Burgen, W. Sharp, D. Harrisonr T. Chard and B. Macfarlane were prominent.

Soccer As usual thefirst few weeks of the season were devoted to team building in order tofill gap s left by boys who have left the school. Changes had to be made in every line with Caracassis occupying the important post of goalkeeper very effectively. Meijers, Foik and Coppens shared the full back positions while Foreshaw, Duncan and van't Reit took eve- the half back roles. In the forward line old players in Naylor, Rickerby and Kammergruber retained their old positions. First year student Ballis was placed at inside left while the introduction of Sianopolos to the centre forward position added speed and dash to the line. Up to the last game of the season no games had been lost although three had been drawn. On July 30th we met our Waterloo at the hands of Richmond who won a hard game by 1-0, and so entered the sectional semi-finals. The boys are to be congratulated on a number of fine performances during the season. On several occasions they fought back after being behind in the earlier minutes of the game. HENTY HOUSE Henty House feels that it has maintained its reputation in 1958 of being a very fine House and of always being a danger in sporting events. Captain T. Rehn and B. Jacka, the Vice-Captain, have been very good leaders. Our winning of the swimming — our third successive win — was a very good start for the year. Henty has supplied a good many players to the Football First Eighteen, including the Captain, Bill Sharp. Others were B. Jacka, D. Harri­ son, I. Geere, N. Perks, J. Fliener and N. Millard. Our representa­ tives in Cricket were B. Sharp and J. Fliener: in Tennis K. Hughes. D. Norman, W. Leonard and D. Gude. Hentv also participated in the Basketball but not very successfullv. The boys owe much of their =uccess to the House Masters, Mr. Ingram, Mr. Hulbert and Mr. Crook, who have given much time and attention to them. BATMAN HOUSE Under the leadership of Captain Mollinson and Vice-Captain Peter Anderson, Batman has had a verv successful year. In football we lost only two games. Performances in the cricket matches were also good. Batman was equal third in the swimming sports. In this field, however, our opposition had very strong swimmers. In school teams we were strongly represented: G. Esplin, K. Welsh, L. Polsa, P. Anderson (Football) : C. Duncan, A. Pickerby. G. Kammer- grubber (Soccer) : G. Esplin, K. Welsh, P. Anderson, G. Thorne (Swimming). We were also very strong in the athletics field. Per- Sport Record 127 formances in Basketball were fair. Our House Masters, Mr. Braun- stein, Mr. Johnson, Mr. Bedggood and Mr. Chalk, were very attentive and receive our deep thanks for their interest and hard work.

COLLINS HOUSE Captain this year was Bob Kirk. He was ably assisted by Barry McFarlane, the Vice-Captain. Owing to good efforts by G. Morison, K. Noy, G. Beaumont and B. Thomson, Collins finished second in the swimming. The Basketball team did very well indeed. C. Wright, R. Simmons, G. Burgin, K. Noy and R. Datson were able representatives in this field. The House was very pro­ minent in school teams. E. Meyers represented us in Soccer; G. Burgin, R. Simmons, C. Wright, B. McFarlane and C. Everatt in Football; G. Morison, K. Noy, G. Beaumont and B. Thomson in Baseball; B. Simmons, K. Noy and G. Beaumont in Cricket. Collins also produced some very good athletes. Our House Masters this year were Mr. Smith, Mr. Cant and Mr. Tait. All the members of the House wish to thank them for the time they gave up to helping the boys. FLINDERS HOUSE Flinders House had quite a good year. Our Captain was C. Moutafis and Vice-Captain Z. Tor. We were equal third in the swim­ ming, which was a good performance with the very good swimmers in the other Houses. Many boys were represented in the school teams. In Football we had T. Chard, C. Moutafis and T. Loakes; in Soccer we had A. Ballis. In the Basketball matches we think that one of our players, G. Whitlock, was the star. We also had some very good athletes. Flinders has won the mile event for the last six years. We were very lucky to have good enthusiastic players for House, and this undoubtedly accounts for our successes. Mr. Story and Mr. Boyes were very keen House Masters and this is also a factor in our very good performances. The members of Flinders House are very grateful to the House Masters for their help and interest. JUNIOR SCHOOL SPORTSMASTER Once again the Boys' Junior School sport has been in charge of Mr. H. McKenzie. As is evident from the foregoing material, he has provided a wide variety of sporting opportunities for our junior boys. His own lively — and active — interest in a number of sports is reflected in the enthusiasm of his charges. Wednesday is the day of horrors. What seems to be a never-ending stream of boys seeks advice on grounds, materials, score books and the like. All these Mr. McKenzie handles quietly, promptly and efficiently, his directions being understood and followed. It being for most of 128 Sport Record the boys who come to Swinburne theirfirst experience of organised ?port at anything like adult level, the importance of our sports- master's work is evident, particularly as the outlets provided have important psychological results. To see Mr. McKenzie briefing the junior boys in. sporting matters is to experience firsthand an important lesson — the work of assisting adjustment to the world outside is by no means confined to the classroom. In moments of peace, he will give interesting accounts of sporting successes achieved by boys who obtained their grounding at the College. For the work he has done in 1958 the assistant masters in sport and all the Swinburne boys are very grateful.

JUNIOR GIRLS' SCHOOL Basketball The junior and senior teams did not have a very successful year, each winning one match only. However, the matches were very enjoyable, and particularly delightful was the meeting of girls from other schools. Our coach, Miss Jolly, gave up much of her spare time to training us and it is very likely that this work will bear fruit next year, as some of the younger girls are very talented. Lorraine Cooper (Seniors) and Gienda Edwards (Juniors) were capable Captains. They were ably assisted by the Vice-Captains, Jill Beattie (Seniors) and Glenys Meridith (Juniors). Softball This year's performance was better than last year's. We managed to win six games and draw one. This meant two things: three games only were lost; we finished second on the ladder to Sunshine, winners of the cup. The trips to Sunshine, Brighton, Box Hill, Prahran and Preston were very enjoyable. Also, we had a team representing us in the Saturday morning games at Fawkner Park. In this series we lost one match only. Before the season started we played two social games, one against Mount Scopus and one against Larnook Teachers' College. Both games resulted in defeats but the experience gained was very valuable. Our coach for 1958 was Miss Barkway. She earned many thanks from the Softball Team for her interest, hard work and enthusiasm. Hockey With Carole Garbers as Captain and Gwen Wise as Vice-Captain, this year's team ha= been the most successful for quite some time. In inter-school matches we won one match and drew two. If you knew about last year's results, you would agree that our performance in 1958 was certainly an improvement. Our thanks for better play must be given to Mrs. Whiteside and Miss Blackman. Their coach- Sport Record 129 ing was very good. If most of the team members come back next year, the 1959 side will be a very strong one. Tennis Captain Lorraine Chesterfield and Vice-Captain Diane Pavey led the 1958 team in a series of very good performances. No matches were lost. We drew five, however, and ended up second on the ladder in the Inter-School contests. Travelling to the other schools was quite exciting. All the girls we met were particularly friendly. When girls from other schools visited us, we always met them at the station. For practice we used St. Columb's Courts, and were very grateful for the use of them. Miss Commons acted as coach and umpire. All the girls were grateful to her for her interest and hard work. Inter-School Swimming At the Inter-School Swimming Sports held at the New Olympic Pool in Term One the Swinburne girls gave some very good per­ formances. They were a very close second out of ten schools in the junior, novel and aggregate cups and third in the senior cup. A highlight of the afternoon was the swim by Waltraud Hugel, a third-former, who broke the 55 yards record in the breast-stroke under 16 years. When she went to the Olympic Dais, Swinburne girls cheered quite madly. Results could be even better next year, as many of thefirst-formers are promising swimmers. Our Sports Mistress, Miss Reddick, was very pleased with the results at Olympic Pool. Also, the girls are all grateful to her for the trouble she has taken during the year, not only in swimming but also in the other sports as well. Sports Captains The Sports Captains this year were Sandra McWade, who was Captain, and Marion Akhurst, who was Vice-Captain. Both girls worked hard in co-operation with members of staff to give Swinburne girls good sporting facilities. Their work was appreciated by both the girls and the teachers. Congratulations are offered to both Sandra and Marion for the very good work done during 1958.

BLACKMORE HOUSE Captain this year was Sandra Matheson, with Pat Parker as Vice-Captain. Blackmore has had a very successful year, winning the House Swimming Sports and being well represented in inter-school sports and school teams. As a number of thefirst-form girls have been prominent in sports, our prospects for next year are very good. The general spirit of the House members has also been very good. 130 Sport Record

The girls appreciated the work of their House Mistresses, Misses Blackman and Commons and Mrs. Knowles. Miss Blackman is particularly thanked for coming from Toorak after school to coach us in sports. Blackmore will be a very strong House in 1959.

SWINBURNE HOUSE Swinburne did not win any of this year's important competi­ tions, but the members tried enthusiastically to the very end. How­ ever, congratulations must be given to our swimming representatives for their work at the combined swimming sports. Our tennis girls were also well to the front. We were also sorry to lose Miss Barkway as House Mistress when she took up the position of School's Sport Mistress. But Miss Whittle has looked after us very well and our thanks are freely given to her. We cannot say anything about it at the moment, but we have a few surprises for the other Houses next year.

PRIDMORE HOUSE Our Captain was Wendy McCarthy, and the Vice-Captain Paula Bryzenska. Mrs. Downs and Miss Webb were very attentive and conscientious House Mistresses. Pridmore did not win any competitions this year, but our members were very enthusiastic triers at all times and had much interest in all the House and Inter-School games. Also, a number of our girls competed at the combined swimming sports. It looks as though our teams will be stronger in 1959, so the other Houses had better keep their eves on Pridmore.

MCPHERSON HOUSE Jill Beattie (Captain) and Jeanette Fullerton (Vice-Captain) have had charge of a very good House this year. Swimming was our speciality, but we also did well in tennis. Also, we were well represented in Inter-School contests and at combined swimming carnival. Miss Jolly and Mrs. Knowles were kind enough to look after us and proved very good House Mistresses. Thanks must also be given to the teachers who contributed towards refreshments during the school matches. McPherson will be stronger and more enthusiastic in 1959. This is a clear warning to other Houses with ideas about winning cups. SCHOLARSHIP AND SKILL

DIPLOMA NIGHT Diploma Night this year was held at the Hawthorn Town Hall on the 21st August. Diplomas and certificates were awarded and prizes distributed to students successful in class work and sport. Members of the College Council, Mr. H. R. Hone, Cr. J. Fowler and the President, Mr. R. G. Parsons, made the presentations. Seventy- eight diplomas and twenty-six certificates were awarded. In his report the Principal, Mr. A. F. Tylee, drew attention to the overall enrolment — now more than 5,000 — the difficulties caused by the shortage of accommodation and the position of Asian students, more having applied for admission than can be accepted. He also paid a tribute to the work of Miss Levens and Mr. Iverson, Head Mistress and Head Master, respectively, of the Junior Schools. Mr. Tylee also thanked the officers of the Education Department for their assistance during 1958. Guest speaker for the evening was Mr. D. V. Darwin, M.M., M.C.E., M.I.C.E., M.I.E.Aust., F.A.P.I., Chairman of the Country Roads Board. His address, which is reproduced below, was very well received by the large gathering.

DIPLOMA ADDRESS

Some of you this evening are taking an important step in your professional progress. Let us think therefore for a while what it means to belong to a learned profession and what is expected of those who obtain the diplomas or other awards of this College. Expectations certainly vary with the viewpoint, whether of the students, the lecturers, the College Council, your parents, your future employer, or society in general. A professional person is greatly concerned with this last viewpoint — that of the public. I think we can recognise that, in general, the community has a right to expect responsible service from its every member, but most cer­ tainly from those whose outlook is professional. My next point is that to achieve a due part in community service each of us needs to possess a vocation towards that service. Let me use a simple illustration from a technical rather than a technological field, a field which belongs to the police rather to the diploma departments of a technical college — thefield o f driving a motor vehicle on the roads. 131 132 Scholarship and Skill

Roads are my own detailed study — hence by choice of illustra­ tion. But is is only an illustration. We could never afford a full diploma course before folk are allowed to drive a car! And so few would ever pass at that level! To be fit to drive over the roads we should be conscious of four needs. Firstly we need adequate physical fitness. Secondly we must have mental fitness, i.e., knowledge and understanding. We must understand our vehicle and its component parts; the types of road layout we shall meet; the latest signs, signals and markings; the reactions of drivers to various stimuli encountered, including sometimes people who may be over-stimulated. Thirdly, we need experience in applying our theoretical knowledge, and fourthly we must have the personal desire and sufficient confidence to tackle this particular work — in short, a sense of vocation. It is much the same in the professions. No doubt the young driver desires to qualify for a licence chiefly because of the immediate benefits he or she will derive. The youth, perhaps, is thinking of employment in the transport industry, especially if it be a case of following in father's footsteps. Or he may be concerned with social enjoyments associated with the use of father's car! In either case there is little tendency towards assum­ ing a community responsibility — the call comes rather from the privilege to be derived. A few years later the outlook and respon­ sibilities may have widened. 1 Similarly it would be foolish to overlook the various immediate causes which lead young people to take up an arduous course of studies, such as one of those leading to professional qualifications in engineering, art, science or commerce. Of course we know at the outset that we have to earn our livelihood somehow. But what beckons us on is certainly not merely the idea that a profession leads to higher salary. It is rather obvious to-day that the community does not, in fact, recognise sufficiently by the medium of monetary recompense the great benefits conferred on it by professionally trained personnel. When it reallv understands and realises its great need of such services, perhaps it will offer higher recompense in accordance with the law of supply and demand. Too often the com­ munity has tried to get professional services "on the cheap" thus tending to drive our more capable youth into some better paid non­ professional employment. Nor are civic honours very widely accorded to every profession, although I have noticed in travelling Australia when President of the Institution of Engineers, Australia, that in provincial and local centres the communities there do look up to their engineers and Scholarship and Skill 133

local leaders in commerce as benefactors, just as much as to their physicians, lawyers and clergy. They are even beginning to value the contribution of their artists! However, in the larger metro­ politan centres the similar servants of the community are often members of large teams, so that there is much less recognition of individuals. So I conclude that you who are now qualified professionally are probably imbued with quite a high sense of "vocation," perhaps already even more so than with the ordinary wish to earn a living or to become a pillar of society. I hope you will never on any occasion lose that feeling of responsibility to the community which is inherent in professional work. Apart from the question of motives, our entry into a "learned profession" necessarily involves the long process of learning. And now, on receipt of your diploma, you canfiguratively take the "L" off the back of the car; but I am sure you realise that learning never really stops. For one thing traffic is doubling every ten years, or, in places, much faster. We shall inevitably have to learn new items in the traffic code, new types of lay-out in the roads and new signals on the roadside. With increasing seniority my own acquaintance with recent advances and scientific refinements of the art of engineering neces­ sarily becomes somewhat sketchy, but I must still be sufficiently a student to acquire at least a general knowledge of what the back­ room boys are up to! The ghost of the "L" sign will follow us all our driving days. I am happy tonight to be accompanied by an old student of that celebrated instructress in this College, Miss Drake. If I were awarding diplomas I would give my wife the highest honours in domestic management, and may I further illustrate my homily about your being forever students by saying that Miss Drake's text book is still in frequent use for reference at our home, together with many other later volumes. What movements the other driver or the pedestrian is bent upon making is a very vital piece of knowledge for the holder of a licence if he is to survive for long in today's congested traffic ways, or if he is to allow others to go unscathed there. There is some parallel here in the active professional operations for which your qualification is designed tofit you. The ethics of a profession corresponds to the courtesy of the road. In each case the guiding rule is the one I have already stressed, namely our sense of primary duty to the com­ munity. In engineering or science this duty is essentially paramount, taking precedence even over the duty to a client or employer. I am 134 Scholarship and Skill not quite sure if those in commerce go to the same lengths or whether "business is still business" in a hard competitive world! We have all, however, observed how the old laws of the jungle have been modified considerably, and may even approach the golden rule, perhaps partly because it does pay to be honest but partly too because of a better understanding of the responsibilities as well as the privileges enjoyed. Better industrial arrangements and more truthful balance sheets are fortunately not incompatible with better or at least more consistent dividends. All travel on our roads is for the purposes of human com­ munications and production. These are truly community services, they serve people, and so too do the slide rules, accounting machines, chemical reagents, yes, even the palettes and easels. They are not ends in themselves. Perhaps this is one reason why technologists are so often reminded that technology is not enough and that the so- called "humanities" are equally necessary to the salvation of democracy. It is an argument which works both ways — the practitioners of the humanities may fall short because of ignorance of the disciplines and probings of science. Your College has been well aware of the need for a broad outlook in your training and I hope that you will carry this with you in your chosen professions, firstly by joining up with and taking an active part in the appro­ priate professional institutions. To pay an annual fee to your particular institution is necessary but not sufficient — participate also in its group activities both professional and social. A second means for your continual development is to engage in one or other of the many extra-professional community endeavours. And now I wish to stress the need for rapidly increasing the numbers of broadly trained professional personnel in the many com­ plex branches and departments of engineering and in the increasing number of divisions in applied science. To illustrate the urgency of the need perhaps we may turn from allegory to fact in our reference to vehicles and roads. Road transportation is an ever- enlarging section of national transportation which, in all sections. represents something like one third of all our national effort. In travelling around Australia one cannot but be impressed with the still undeveloped potential of large portions of the con­ tinent. Advances which have already been made in the scientific side of rural pursuits have not yet affected more than a fraction of the country-side from which so much of our national wealth derives. The scientific advances in the use of minerals and metals are opening up a further tremendous opportunity for national development. We are already forging ahead with large scale pro­ jects for improvements in water conservation and usage and in power production. Manufacturers have increased enormously. The Scholarship and Skill 135 development of our road network should keep pace with these other national exploits. Estimates prepared by the Conference of State Road Authorities of Australia indicate, however, that we are con- needs something of the order of an additional 20% per annum is siderably short in our road effort, and even on the basis of current required. To achieve this effort and similar engineering needs in other fields will require more engineers, more scientists and to help them, more trained professional people in commerce and in the field of education itself. I hasten to add that the national balance must be further preserved by having a due proportion of persons equipped to exercise the gracious and enlivening influence which we derive from our artists. If qualified technologists and others are needed for our national well-being, they are also increasingly necessary in international relations. The world is becoming geographically smaller as a result of scientific advances. Unfortunately the prejudices and differences in idealogy which tend towards conflict throughout the world are not disappearing as rapidly as is the age-old isolation caused by seas and mountains. However, the pursuit of scientific knowledge, itself a section of the general pursuit of truth, is tending, though slowly, to break down the barriers of nationalism. Australia has been perhaps the most remote and isolated country in the world, and we can only rejoice that by means of organised exchanges of personnel and perhaps most of all by our having amongst us so many Asian students in need of training, our isolation is diminish­ ing. It is good to know that the resources of your College have been drawn upon so effectively to assist in this process. Our visitors are assured of a sound technological training, and let us hope also that upon return to their own countries they will apply the knowledge they have gained to the betterment of both their own national effort and also our mutual international relations. As the College approaches its jubilee year it is appropriate to refer to the great example of your memorable founder, the Hon. George Swinburne, who gave so unstintingly of his professional talents and his time to public affairs and particularly to the technical and technological needs of the State and to its development. His was the breadth of outlook and high integrity we still need to bring to the practice of our professions. Then, too, so many past mem­ bers of the staff of the College have contributed so greatly to the training of succeeding generations of students — let us remember them gratefully and draw inspiration from such examples of a life­ time of devoted professional service. As we travel along the road there are sharp curves and crests and narrow bridges duly marked by warning signs so that we can be 136 Scholarship and Skill

on the alert and slacken speed. In the careers that lie ahead of you there may similarly be pitfalls and obstructions. You will soon learn to watch for the signs of probable discontinuities in your fortunes. Don't run into trouble and then blame the road as so many careless drivers tend to do. However, the roads are being improved all the time tofit the m for modern vehicles! My advice accordingly is to drive carefully and yet not sluggishly. In other words, there is room in every profession for personal initiative, energy and efficiency and for keenness to effect economy, to undertake research and to refresh and develop skill. May I conclude therefore by wishing you all success and happiness in the adventurous years ahead, with grateful memories of the period at "Swinburne" spent in obtaining your qualification, and with full satisfaction in the practice of your professions.

DIPLOMAS Art TOURRIER, John Maurice Applied Chemistry BALL, Graeme Matthew LEARY, Bruce CHESTERFIELD, Neil John THORNTON, Kenneth Hedley HUNT, Graeme Alan Kneale WELLS, John Robert Chemical Engineering CLARIDGE, Robert Rolfe PURCELL, Ian Henry LEWIS, Kevin Griffis SAVAGE, Thomas Menzies Commerce JOHNSON, Mervyn Arthur WICKSON, Joan Mary Commercial Practice KERR, Joan Constance WICKSON, Joan Mary Civil Engineering ANSELL, Frank Alfred MATTHEWS, Brian Ralph APPLEBY, Robert Peter MOODY, Raymond George AUSTEN, Alfred Eric Edward McCOLL, Donald BACON, Roger Francis McDONNELL, Norman Plummer BARRY, Edward Bruce McINTOSH, William Lawrence BOYD, Lennard Roy McLELLAN, Andrew George BRIGGS, Kenneth Edward O'NEILL, Brian Joseph BUNTON, Geoffrey Vernon O'NEILL, Ian Chapman CAHILL, William Frank RIGBY, John Francis DALRYMPLE, David Gordon ROGERS, Edward James DAVIS, Kenneth Henry SUTHERLAND, John William DUDLEY, Paul TERRILL, Howard William FOX, Bruce Malcolm THOMPSON, Robert David GOODWIN, Ronald James TRIMBLE, Brian John HARVEY, Ian James UREN, John Henry HEAD, Maurice George WEBB, Brian Julian HERCUS, Ian Kenneth WILLIAMSON, Kenneth Alan HICK, John Barry WILLIAMSON. Maxwell Henry LORIMER, Graham John WONG, Michael Len Hin MACHIN, Peter William WRIGHT, Cecil Matthew MASON, Jeffrey Noel Scholarship and Skill 137

Electrical Engineering CONNELLY, Kevin McGOWN, Ian Maxwell CUNNINGHAM, Lindsay Norman WAKEMAN, John Albert FLINT, Arthur John WEIGALL, John Douglas Raleigh LEDIN, Frederick William Mechanical Engineering BELLAIR, Michael Ernest JAMES, Noel Clifford BREHAUT, John McKINNON, Donald Malcolm DESLER, Hans Jurgen NICKELS, Ronald Eric DRAEGER, Roy Victor ROSS, William Owens EASON, John Owen Dawson STEWART, Neil Irwin ENGISH, Frederick John SWANSSON, Neil Stanley GRUNDY, Peter Rothwell WAIT, David Stanley HARRY, William Ian CERTIFICATES Accountancy NORMAND, Alan Ross Art ALBERS, Brian Henry O'REGAN, Stephen Graham BEST, Charles Thomas OSBORN, Robert Alexander COUGHLIN, Peter Malcolm PATERSON, Barbara Joy FLEMING, Patricia Anne PLATO, Valdemars Gustavs FRASER, Geraldine Elizabeth RAWOLLE, Peter Ernest KIRK, Christina Bett Millar RODDA, Valerie Margaret MILLS, Annette TRUEMAN, Michael Oliver MORGAN, Frederick Gilbert WALLS, Patrick William NOONAN, Beverley Inis Applied Chemistry COLLETT, Ian Leeuwin Civil Engineering CROOK, Joseph William Mechanical Engineering WALKER, Robert Stephen McGEE, Frank William WALTON, Kenneth Graham PAUL, Stanley Leonard Production Engineering LUXTON, Clarence Graeme BEEFORTH, Richard Fiddes CLASS PRIZES Art 1st Year General Motors-Holden Ltd. IRVING, Anthony 2nd Year Fowlers Vacola Mfg. Co. MORGAN, Frederick Gilbert 3rd Year National Press Pty. Ltd. BIRD, John Edwin 4th Year College Council SAWATZKY, Hiltrud Beate Chemistry RAMUS, Peter Frederick 1st Year H. B. Selby & Co. Pty. Ltd. LIANG, Kwan Tze 2nd Year Aust. Electrical Industries P/L. STANISICH, Darryl 3rd Year Unilever Australia Pty. Ltd. DALLA RIVA, Peter 4th Year College Council Civil Engineering GAUDION, Ronald 1st Year A. E. Parsons GERRARD, Charles Mervyn 2nd Year Moore Crane & Eng. Co. P/L. ANDERSON, Alan Henry 3rd Year General Motors-Holden Ltd. GIULIERI, Graham Dennis 4th Year ' College Council 138 Scholarship and Skill

Commerce 1st Year Sands & McDougall Pty. Ltd. KNIGHT, Richard John 2nd Year Fowlers Vacola Mfg. Co. McALPIN, Alfred David 3rd Year National Press Pty. Ltd. NORMAND, Alan Ross Commercial Practice 1st Year Marfleet & Weight Ltd. GARRETT, Judith Mary 2nd Year Not awarded 3rd Year Chartres Pty. Ltd. OWEN, Pamela Eirawen Electrical Engineering 1st Year H. Rowe & Co. Pty. Ltd. GIBSON, Graeme Arthur 2nd Year General Motors-Holden Ltd. COOPER, John Edward 3rd Year Aust. Electrical Industries P/L. HODSON, Bernard Laurence 4th Year College Council BEAN LAND, David George Mechanical Engineering 1st Year A. E. Supplies Pty. Ltd. PURDY, Patrick Finlay 2nd Year Moore Crane & Eng. Co. P/L. WILLIAMS, John Francis 3rd Year General Motors-Holden Ltd. BALINT, John George 4th Year College Council AUSTIN, Victor Joseph

SPECIAL PRIZES Civil Engineering Institution of Eng. (Aust.) CAIRNS, Ian Wallace English Mr. R. G. Parsons McALPIN, Bruce John Engineering Drawing Marfleet & Weight Ltd. MORGAN, Peter Russell Mathematics Mr. R. G. Parsons BEANLAND, David George Physics Watson Victor Ltd. STANISICH, Darryl Machine Shop Practice 1st Place McPherson's Ltd. BALINT, John 2nd Place McPherson's Ltd. DOYLE, Bruce Alfred Outstanding Services as a Student Mr. & Mrs. H. R. Hone SMITH, Eldon Clifford

OLD SWINBURNIANS' MEDALS Scholarship Chemistry Old Swinburnians' Association CHESTERFIELD, Neil John Engineering Old Swinburnians' Association CUNNINGHAM. Lindsay Norm. Athletics Engineering Old Swinburnians' Association ANDERSON, Alan Henry BASSETT, Frank John

SPORTS PRIZES Award Presented by Won by Athletics College Council WOODGER, Kenneth Arthur Baseball College Council ANDERSON, Alan Henry Cricket C°Uege Council SHARP, Ian Ronald Football College Council SMITH, Eldon Clifford Swimming College Council BASSETT, Frank John Tennis College Council WARD, Graeme Stanley Scholarship and Skill 139 AWARD NIGHT Award Night, held in the College Social Hall on 18th June, was an interesting and successful evening. The Principal, Mr. A. Tylee, spoke on the significance of the evening, and made the necessary introductions. Prizes for outstanding craftsmanship were presented by Mr. O. E. Nilsson, Chief Inspector of Technical Schools, and the Class Prizes by Mr. R. G. Parsons, President of the College Council. An illustrated address by Mr. A. Brown, Railways Commissioner, on the subject of the development of djesel locomotives in Victoria, was very much appreciated by the audience. Entertainment was provided by College apprentices as follows: Daniel McDowell, piano; George Hopkins, vocal and guitar; Bruce Lee, bass; Jim Vallins, drums; John Bradley, trumpet; Barry Mason, comedy; Terry Dyer, comedy; Roy Jacobs, Hillbilly; Garry McKellar, piano accordion; Stewart Hunter, electric harmonica; Robert Criddle, electric guitar; Ray Bernard, drums, and Brian O'Meara, piano. Arrangements for the musical portion of the evening were in the capable hands of Mr. C. A. Lawrence, Head of the Plumbing Department. AWARDS OUTSTANDING APPRENTICES Overseas Scholarship, Awarded by Victorian Overseas Foundation .... WOOLLEY, John Leonard Federal Building Construction Prize, Awarded by Master Builders of Australia WOOLLEY, John Leonard George A. Taylor Memorial Medal, Awarded by Master Builders of Australia WOOLLEY, John Leonard Bronze Medallion Winners (State Award) Carpentry and Joinery KONING, Berend Electrical Mechanics CHANDLER, Colin John OUTSTANDING CRAFTSMANSHIP Bronze Medallion If inner (State Award) Fitting and Turning MELBOURNE, John Stanley Special Honourable Mention (State Award) Cabinet Making DRINKELL, Alan John Fitting and Turning ARNDT, Guenter CLASS PRIZES Cabinet Making 2nd Year DARWIN, James Roderick 3rd Year ROSE, Malcolm Thomas 4th Year JONES, Ian Barry Carpentry and Joinery 1st Year EVANS, Charles Albert 2nd Year JAMES, Irvine Lawrence 3rd Year HIGGINBOTHAM, John Clement 4th Year Carpentry KONING, Berend 4th Year Joinery STURRE, Harm Hendrik 140 Scholarship and Skill

Electrical Mechanics 1st Year CATHIE, Kenneth William 2nd Year BAKER, John Barry 3rd Year BRAITHWAITE, John Graham 4th Year DEWAR, Norman Kenneth 5th Year FRASER, Ronald George Engineering Machine Shop 1st Year GARMAN, Alan 2nd Year EVANS, John Campbell 3rd Year COLEMAN, Lennard Graeme 4th Year McARTHUR, Graham Plumbing and Gasfitting 1st Year THOMSON, Sydney Arthur 2nd Year HEINZE, Bernard Ivan 3rd Year HAY, Gordon Alexander

SPEECH NIGHT (1957) To enable parents of as many students as possible to attend a Junior School end-of-the-year function, College Speech Night for 1957 was held in two sections, one in the afternoon of 17th December for Forms I and II, and the other the same evening for Forms III and IV. At the afternoon session, after introductory remarks by the Principal, Mr. A. F. Tylee, the College President, Mr. R. G. Parsons, introduced the guest speaker, Miss G. Swinburne. Prizes were pre­ sented to the girls by Mrs. G. Swinburne, and to the boys by Mrs. A. F. Tylee. After interval the College Orchestra played Elgar's Pomp and Circumstance March; the Boys' Gymnasium Group then gave a display;finally, th e Story of Christmas was presented by carols and tableaux. In the evening, following introductory remarks by Mr. A. F. Tylee, Mr. R. G. Parsons introduced the guest speaker, Major-Gen­ eral Sir Kingsley Norris. Prizes were presented to the Senior girls by Lady Norris, and to the Senior boys by Mrs. R. G. Parsons. Valedictory remarks were made by the Head Prefects, Betty Mc­ Dowell and Olaf Zarins. After the interval there was a repeat per­ formance by the College Orchestra and the Boys' Gvmnasium Group. The Story of Christmas was also presented. Both sessions of Speech Night were well attended and very enthusiastically received. Great credit is due to those responsible for the organisation of Speech Night for 1957.

BOYS' PRIZES Form I First MULHOLLAND, Alan R. Second BLOOD, Richard J. Third SEXTON, David R. ! Scholarship and Skill 141

Form II First JENKINS, Brian J. Second MAWSON, Alan J. Third SlOSlUS, Feter J. Form III First SJLIFERT, Gerhard Second DUNCAN, Charles W. Third HALFORD, Graham W. Form IV D. First OWEN, Norman W. Second PITTS, Brian W. Third MUGGRIDGE, Robert 0. A. Form IV A.B.C. First *CURTIS, Robin P. Second ZARINS, Olaf Third ASCHE, Niels G. *Donated by Mr. A. Tylee. SPECIAL PRIZES Art PEARCE, Howard W. P. Engineering CURTIS, Robin P. Woodwork *RICKERBY, Adrian J. Electrical Fitting *RUSSELL, Lance R. Plumbing OWEN, Norman W. '"Donated by Clements Langford. Physical Education PARTINGTON, Graham R. Library Book Drive MASON, Phillip J. Contribution to School Music PETRIE, Robert W. Donated by Miss Webb. Head Prefect ZARINS, Olaf Donated by Cr. J. Fowler. ATHLETICS Under 13 Championship HOLLAND, Denis R. Under 14 Championship McGAW, John R. Under 15 Championship HANLON, Peter Open Championship MOUNTAFIS, Crist. 3 Mile Run, First CALLAWAY, Brian 3 Mile Run, Fastest Time ZARINS, Olaf House Competition BATMAN & HENTY (tie) GIRLS' PRIZES Form I First LEECH, Judy Second O'NEILL, Lorna Third WERRIN, Janyce Form II First McNAMARA, Yvonne Second HUGEL, Waltraud Third GARDNER, Annette Form III Professional *LEWIS, Rhondda General *SHARPE, Rae Commercial *BUCKLAND, Lynette * Donated by Misses Holmes. 142 Scholarship and Skill

Form IV Dux of School (Professional Course) BROWN, Dorothy Donated by Mrs. A. Tylee. General McDOWELL, Betty Commercial BARRETT, Marie SPECIAL PRIZES Head Prefect McDOWELL, Betty Donated by Cr. J. Fowler. Cookery WOODGER, Gael Science of Housecraft WOODGER, Gael Donated by Mr. D. Cohen. Dressmaking and Needlework SHARPE, Rae BROWN, Margaret Art ALLEN, Sandra McDOWELL, Betty Ceramic Sculpture ALLEN, Sandra NEWMAN, Lorraine Library Assistants BAKER, Janice BENGER, Janice School Citizenship — Senior -MACFARLANE, Claire Junior *HUGEL, Waltraud * Donated by Miss Hunn. SPORT School Sports Captain TAYLOR, Joy Sports and School Leadership SALVAGE, Ann Senior Athletic Championship DOWN, Joan (Medal) Junior Athletic Championship COOPER, Lorraine (Medal) Senior Swimming Championship .... WOODGER, Gael (Medal) Junior Swimming Championship .... AKHURST, Marian Fencing *BUCKLAND, Lynette * Donated by Mr. R. Lamble. BOYS' JUNIOR SCHOOL SCHOLARSHIPS, DECEMBER, 1957 Intermediate Technical Scholarships: HALFORD, Graham WARD, Daryl HANLON, Peter HUGHES, Kevin BRYANS, Neil LEONARD, Wayne "Westcott Electric" Scholarship — PURDY, Andrew. "Russell Manufacturing Co." Scholarship — NEWTON, James. "Stanley Liebich Memorial Scholarship" — CURTIS, Robin. Senior Technical Scholarships: CURTIS, Robin ZARINS, Olaf KELLERMAN, Frederick ASCHE, Niels CARTER, Douglas Diploma Bursaries — LYONS, Daryl; TABART, Ken. Intermediate Technical Certificates — Diploma Entrance Standard- ARMSTRONG, R. G. CURTIS, R. P. HUGHES, T C ASCHE, N. G. EAVES, F. W. KELLERMAN,F. W. BELLETTE, J. I. FLETCHER, A. P. KENT, E. L. BRAY, K. J. GRIGOROPOULOS, P. LYONS, D. K. CARTER, D. C. HEPBURN, B. W. MAIRS, M. B. CLARKE, R. I. HERBERT, L. A. McGHEE, G. C. CROTTY, J. V. HORNE, A. T. PARTINGTON, G. R

\ Scholarship and Skill

PETO, A. SCASCIGHINI, J. P. WELSH, R. E. PHILLIPS, D. SIMPSON, A. N. WILKINS, J. M. RODHOUSE, M. J. SUTTON, A. J. WITHINGTON, J. T. RULE, N. F. TABART, K. J. WOODROFFE, R. J. RUSSELL, L. R. WATT, J. N. ZARINS, 0. SARGENT, L. F. INTERMEDIATE TECHNICAL CERTIFICATES AYLEN, S. W. DAY, I. L. OWEN, N. W. BARCLAY, R. C. GOUDIE, G. J. PETERS, J. W. BELL, I. T. GRAHAM, G. E. PLUMRIDGE, R. F. BIRD, F. G. HAIN, B. J. PITTS, B. W. BOURNE, G. R. HERMON, J. POYNTER, R. E. CARTER, R. D. HEW ARD, G. J. RICHARDSON, D. CASEMORE, T. E. JONES, P. H. ROBERTS, G. P. COLLIER, J. R. KAYNE, I. D. CUMBERLAND, R. G. LKETTERIDGE. , R. E. RUSHBURY, I. G. DALE, G. E. F. MAY, A. T. TAMAS, G. J. DAVIDSON, P. W. MUGGRIDGE, R. 0. A. VOWLES, K. V. A. JuniorDAWSON Technical, G. E Certificates:. NICHOLLS , E. A. WATERS, A. C. ABBATANGELO, R. GUDE, D. MILLARD, N. S. ANDERSON, J. F. HALFORD, G. W. MILSON, R. S. ANDERSON, P. B. HALL, J. B. MOLLISON, K. E. ASTAPENKO, N. HANLON, P. MONTEATH, J. W. AUSTEN, B. E. HANNINGTON, J. R. NEWHAM, D. BARTLETT, T. W. HAWKINS, P. T. NEWTON, J. V. BEAUMONT, F. HENDERSON, A. D. NIELSEN, G. L. BLYTHE, I. S. HODGES, K. J. NORMAN, D. BRASH, D. A. HUGHES, K. R. BRAY, G. R. HUNTER, J. R. NOY, K. E. BROCK, E. A. JACKA, B. D. OLDMAN, G. R. BRYANS, N. L. KAMMERGRUBER, G. OWEN, D. J. BURGIN, G. J. KELLY, J. L. PERKS, N. D. CAMERON, M. J. KENNEDY, G. D.. POLLARD, J. R. CHARD, T. L. KILPATRICK, K. J. PRETTY, P. J. CROCKER, J. W. KIRK, R. G. PURDY, A. M. DATSON, R. L. KNOWLES, G. J. RAWSON, J. A. DAVEY, I. R. KNOWLES, I. G. REHN, T. E. DOIDGE, K. J. LEONARD, W. A. ROBARTS, J. DUNCAN, C. W. LEWIS, B. ROBINSON, B. L. DUNCAN, R. M. LEWIS, J. C. RYAN, P. S. ELDER, E. D. LLOYD, J. E. ESMONDE, P. S. LOAKES, E. V. SCHLEICH, P. J. ESPLIN, G. A. MACDONALD, P. B. SCOTT, W. J. EVANS, K. T. MACFARLANE, B. D. SEELEY, K. A. EVERETT, C. J. MAHONY, L. SEIFERT, G. FIELD, J. E. MASON, P. J. SHEEN, L. FORBES, R. W. MATTINGLEY, P. J. SIMMONS, R. C. FOWLER, J. L. McCURDY, D. R. SLAVIN, R. FYFE, I. B. MEIJERS, E. J. SIMPSON, R. F. SMARTTSPRAGUE,, R .R. H .N. 144 Scholarship and Skill SUTCLIFFE, B. J. WARD, D. E. WHITLOCK, G. J. TAYLOR, D. J. WAREHAM, A. J. WIGHT, C. G. THORPE, G. A. WARRICK, L. WILSON, B. A. TOOMEY, G. A. WEBB, F. J. WILSON, P. D. TOYE, D. R. WEBB, W. J. WINDLEY, G. G. TROTTER, R. G. WELSH, K. J. WITTON, P. W. VAN'T RIET, T. J. GIRLS'WHITE, JUNIORK. R. SCHOOLYOUNG , G. WALSINGHAM, K. A. TEACHING BURSARIES Art ALLEN, Sandra, NEWMAN, Lorraine. SENIOR TECHNICAL SCHOLARSHIPS Art — McDOWELL, Betty, WOODGER, Gael. Applied Chemistry — BROWN, Dorothy. INTERMEDIATE TECHNICAL SCHOLARSHIPS BUCKLAND, Lynette KARANGES, Estelle KENNEDY, Robyn FREE TUITION Art — ALLEN, Sandra, NEWMAN, Lorraine. INTERMEDIATE CERTIFICATES Diploma Entrance Standard: ALLEN, Sandra JURGITS, Laima SIMPSON, Janette BARRETT, Marie MACFARLANE, Claire SKINNER, Lorraine ROBINSON, Judith McDOWELL, Betty SMITH, Judith BROWN, Dorothy MEREDITH, Ann SMITH, Joyce CROMB, Judith MORLEY, Helen TAYLOR, Joy DORNOM, Carol NEWMAN, Lorraine WATSON, Patricia DOWN, Joan POWELL, Marilyn WOOD, Beverlev GATHERCOLE Paulyne SALVAGE, Anne WOODGER, Gael IRVINE, Coral SENBERGS, Lolita JUNIOR TECHNICAL CERTIFICATES ALLEN, Janice DEAN, Shirley NAUGHTON, Lois ATKINSON, Judith DOWNEY, Janice NICHOLSON, Lesley BAKER, Janice FISHER, Helen PASSMORE. Diane BENGER, Janice FULLERTON, Jeanette REGESTER, Lynette BILNEY, Katharine GARBERS, Carol ROSS, Beverley BROWN, Margaret KARANGES, Estelle SHARPE. Rae BRYSENSKA, Paula HAYES, Beverley STEPHENSON, Bernice BUYS, Pamela LANYON, Margaret TAYLOR, Janice BURROWES, Valerie KAYNE, Sandra TAYLOR, Leonie CHAPMAN, Gwenda KENNEDY. Robyn TUCKER, JiU CHESTERFIELD, L. LARKIN, Yvonne UPHAM, Pamela COLEMAN, Heather LEWIS, Rhondda WARD, Jill COMERFORD, Janice MATHESON, Jeanette WARNECKE, Thelma COOPER, Lorna MATHESON, Sandra WILKINSON, Diane DALTON, Denise MCCARTHY, Wendy WISE, Gwvneth DAVIDSON, Lillian MILLIER, Shirley 3 iWerrp Kmag to SII Heaters