Acer Macrophyllum, Big Leaf Maple

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Acer macrophyllum, Big Leaf Maple General Botanical Characteristics Acer macrophyllum is a long-lived deciduous tree exhibiting a high degree of variation in size and form. Mature trees commonly attain heights of 50 feet to 70 feet with 1.5 feet diameter trunks. They can live 150 to 300 years or more. The root system is shallow but wide spreading. The leaves are generally 6 inches to 12 inches across and nearly as long. Leaf color is shiny dark green above but paler underneath. The leaves are palmately divided into five broad, coarsely toothed lobes. The greenish-yellow perfect or staminate flowers are arranged in a raceme at the end of twigs. The fruit is a fused, double-winged samara. Seasonal Development Flowering and leaf emergence occur simultaneously in late March or April. Fruit ripening generally occurs between September and October, and seed is dispersed from October through January. Leaf fall in western Oregon is mostly completed by the third week in October. Distribution/Habitat Big leaf maple occurs in the Pacific Coast region from just south of the Alaska Panhandle in British Columbia south through the western portions of Washington and Oregon to southern California. Interesting Facts • Big leaf maple is the only commercially exported maple of the Pacific coast region. • Native Americans used the bark for making rope and carved bowls, utensils, and canoe paddles from the wood. References US Forest Service Shrub Database, December 2002, http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/index.html Photo from Department of Transportation, Environmental Affairs, December 2002, http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/eesc/environmental/ 2.

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Bigleaf Maple Decline in Western Washington
Bigleaf Maple Decline in Western Washington Jacob J. Betzen A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science University of Washington 2018 Committee: Patrick Tobin Gregory Ettl Brian Harvey Robert Harrison Program Authorized to Offer Degree: Environmental and Forest Sciences © Copyright 2018 Jacob Betzen University of Washington Abstract Bigleaf Maple Decline in Western Washington Jacob J. Betzen Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Professor Patrick Tobin School of Environmental and Forest Sciences Bigleaf maple (Acer macrophyllum Pursh) is a prominent component of the urban and suburban landscape in Western Washington, which lies at the heart of the native range of A. macrophyllum. Acer macrophyllum performs many important ecological, economic, and cultural functions, and its decline in the region could have cascading impacts. In 2011, increases in A. macrophyllum mortality were documented throughout the distributional range of the species. Symptoms of this decline included a systemic loss of vigor, loss of transpiration, and a reduction in photosynthetic potential, but did not display any signs or symptoms indicative of a specific causative agent. No pathogenic microbes, insects, or other biotic agents were initially implicated in causing or predisposing A. macrophyllum to decline. In my thesis research, I quantified the spatial extent and severity of A. macrophyllum decline in the urban, suburban, and wildland forests of western Washington, identified potential abiotic and biotic disturbance agents that are contributing to the decline, and conducted a dendrochronological analysis to ascertain the timing of the decline. I surveyed 22 sites that were previously reported as containing declining A. macrophyllum, and sampled 156 individual A.
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BIGLEAF MAPLE Evening Grosbeaks, Chipmunks, Mice, and a Variety of Birds
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