NGO "RAILWAY WITHOUT CORRUPTION" Transformation project of JSC Ukrainian Railways The progress of the changes is possible in two scenarios: evolutionary and revolutionary. Evolution for the railway is a continuous allocation of resources to gradually improve the quality indicators of the railroad in spite of external factors. Revolution-spasmodic development, most often without taking into account the changes of the basis. What Ukrzaliznytsia needs at the present stage is evolutionary changes with the speed of revolutionary ones. The analysis was performed by the NGO "Railway without corruption" in the framework of the project"Monitoring and support of the implementation of corporate reform of JSC" Ukrainian Railway " with the support of the International Renaissance Foundation. The material reflects the position of the authors and does not necessarily coincide with the position of the International Renaissance Foundation.а The analysis used data from the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, JSC "Ukrainian Railways", the Office of Statistics and other public sources. NGO "Railway without Corruption" was created by specialists in the field of railway transport, counteraction to corruption and monitoring of public procurement in 2015. The purpose of the organization is to ensure publicity in the field of railway transport, expose corruption schemes of budget theft and irrational use of state funds of JSC Ukrainian Railways, search for ways to develop the enterprise. In 2017 a media project "Railway without corruption" was founded in cooperation with Transparency International Ukraine. Current status assessment Freight transportation Dynamics of cargo turnover by years, million tkm. 250 0 -14,1% 394648 200 000 338963 75 315342 150 000 Rail transport All transport 50 100 000237275 25 -23,4% 50 000 194322 181845 0 0 20122012 20132013 20142014 20152015 20162016 20172017 2018 20192019 Until 2016, the dynamics of the volume of transportations by railway was consistent with the dynamics of general freight transport operation. However, since 2016, there has been a significant gap in these indicators, which indicates a loss of rail transport positions in the freight market. The Dynamics of railway transport share in the freight market 100 63% 62% 75 60% 50 59% 58% 25 56% 56% 54% 0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Over the past 5 years, the share of railroad freight transportations (cargo turnover) has decreased from 60-62% to 54%. In this way, Ukrzaliznytsia reduced its role in the freight transportation market by 10%. Keeping this dynamic will lead to the fact that in the next 10 years the role of railway transport will be limited. The negative trends of freight rail transportation are mostly caused by high corruption factors, low mobility and reducing the efficiency of infrastructure and wagons usage. Since 2011, the average turnover of a freight wagon at Ukrzaliznytsia has increased from 6 to more than 10 days. In 2005, this figure was 4.3 days. Average turnover of a freight wagon , days 12.5 10,56 10 9,6 8,66 9,56 9,34 7.5 7,04 7,55 6,32 6,04 5.0 6,27 6,15 5,84 5,85 4,34 +143% 2.5 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Thus, there is a significant decrease in the speed of cargo transportation and the fulfillment of the shipper's requests, which leads to a permanent reduction of the rail transportation supply, compared to the market demand. Corruption factors play a crucial role in this as well, since this situation corresponds to the corrupt interest of obtaining additional undue benefit by increasing the speed of processing the client's application. Increasing the duration of cargo transportation leads to a decrease in wagon performance. This, in turn, leads to the fact that more wagons are required to carry the same amount of cargo. Accordingly, the cost of maintenance and renewal of the wagon park is increasing. Average daily productivity of a freight wagon, tkm.net 7 500 6932 5537 5330 5309 5219 5042 5 000 3901 4831 3591 3753 4460 4188 3641 3497 2 500 -50% 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Due to the reduction of performance of freight wagons, Ukrzaliznytsia and private owners of freight rolling stock, it is necessary to hold the park, which is 1.5-2 times greater than possible, in the case of performance of the wagon at the level of 2005-2011 years . Along with reducing the efficiency of the use of freight wagons, Ukrzaliznytsia demonstrates the high negative dynamics of keeping its own wagon fleet. Over the last 1.5 years, the number of working fleet of freight cars owned by JSC "Ukrzaliznytsya" dropped from 68 up to 52 thousand wagons. A freight wagon park owned by UZ 75 000 68250 54066 50 000 37073 51702 25 000 Serviceable park Faulty wagons 0 ІІІquarter2018 IVquarter2018 Iquarter2019 IІquarter2019 IIIquarter2019 ІVquarter2019 As of early 2020, more than half of Ukrzaliznytsia's wagons are out of service. The percentage of serviceable wagons in the 18 months deteriorated from 65% to 49%. The percentage of serviceable car in the total park of UZ 75% 66% 65% 61% 59% 52% 49% 50% 25% -24,6% 0% ІІІquarter2018 I Vquarter2018 І quarter2019 ІІquarter2019 I IIquarter2019 І Vquarter2019 In comparison with 2018, Ukrzaliznytsia reduced the volume of repairs from 16.9 thousand units to 4.9 thousand. Or three and a half times. This is caused by significant underfunding of the sphere of cargo transportation in 2019 due to the artificial retention of positive financial results of the company. In 2017, the railway administration implemented the automatic distribution of freight wagons, which would prevent the presence of corruption risks during the execution of shippers applications. However, since mid-2018, this project was closed. The official reason for stopping the automated distribution of freight cars was the presence of shortcomings in the software distribution system. Subsequently, the railway has not restarted the system and continues to distribute freight cars in "manual mode". In such circumstances, the priority of meeting the needs of carriers depends on the decisions of Ukrzaliznytsia officials, which is a corruption factor. The overall rate of satisfaction of shippers` applications in 2017-2019 was only 50-55%. That is, almost half of the applications of shippers were not satisfied due to the shortage of working fleet of freight cars and a significant time wagon turnover. Passenger transportation The volume of passenger transportation by rail has similar dynamics to freight traffic. The passenger's transportation volume, mln pass. km 125 000 110837 All transport (except urban) 113165 100 000 92561 83832 75 000 81585 -18,2% 50038 49098 50 000 -43% Rail transport 35426 25 000 28043 28414 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 By 2016, rail passenger traffic accounted for 40-44% of total volume of transportation. However, after 2016, the volume of passenger transport by rail decreased to 31%. In general, UZ has lost a quarter of the previous volume of passenger transportation for the last 5 years. The main reasons for reducing the popularity of the railway is the deterioration of the service, poor technical condition of passenger wagons and the development of automobile and air transport. The general park of passenger cars of Ukrainian railways is 4320 units. Of these, 3200-2500 units are in operation. The deterioration of the fleet of passenger cars is 93%, and the average age of the wagon is 33 years. During 2019, the Ukrainian railways signed contracts for the construction of 18 new passenger cars (in 2018 – 54 cars), a major overhaul of 29 passenger cars (in 2018 – 118 cars) was carried out. The total recovery of passenger cars is less than 5% per year. Condition of the passenger car park Inventory fleet of passenger cars 4320 2500 Maintenance Park in need of repair аbout Overhaul 2018-2019 147 Purchased new in 2018-2019 72 0 1 000 2 000 3 000 4 000 5 000 According to such indicators, the Railway Fleet Update has negative dynamics for the restoration of passenger cars in relation to the pace of their wear, which leads to deterioration of their technical condition and quality of services. The average speed of trains in long-distance passenger traffic is 60-80 km / h, and in regional trains it is less than 60 km / h, which is lower than in most cases of road passenger transport. Compared to the European railways, speed of Ukrzaliznytsia's trains is lower on average 1.5-2.5 times. The maximum speed of passenger trains in Ukraine is 160 km / h. Whereas for Europe's railways, this figure is 240-320 km / h. Outdated and unsatisfactory technical condition of the passenger fleet of wagons leads to speed limitation, reduction of quality of rendered services and comfort, negatively affecting the safety of transportation. There is no effective strategy for modernizing the morally and physically obsolete rolling stock and improving the quality of transportation in the long run leads to a decrease in the popularity of rail passenger transport. Revenues from passenger transportation in 2017-2019 is about UAH 9 billion. The least profitable are suburban trains – 700-800 mln. UAH per year. Locomotive thrust The condition of the Locomotive Park and the fleet of diesel and electric trains is the most difficult. The majority of locomotives and railcar rolling stock have an average age of over 30 years. 26% of locomotives have an age of over 40 years and operated with a significant excess of the normative operation time (maximum term 25-30 years).