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$TIIDHI$ M INDONESIAN Rounnal Fob Rslamrc Studres Volume 10, Number3,2003

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$TIIDHI$ M INDONESIAN Rounnal Fob Rslamrc Studres Volume 10, Number3,2003 $TIIDHI$ m INDONESIAN rounNAL FoB rsLAMrc sTUDrEs Volume 10, Number3,2003 MeppnqcReprcerIsi.av wlxoolssra Jamhari Rrnnoncnvc Nuo-Suprsu nv rrrp Malay-INoolssiRN WoRro: SHarrAnryyAH Onopn rN WEsr Suraarna Oman Fathurahman TrrrPsNYENcarScuoor: A REVIEWoT rrrg hmLLECTUAL TnaorrloN nq rrrs Mnray-Rmu KnvcpoHa Alimuddin Hassan Palawa ISSN 0215-0492 $TUilIA I$I,AI{II(A ffi Vol.10, n0.3,2003 EDITORIAL BOARD: M. Quraish Shihab (LIIN lakarta) Taufik AbdtLLlnh (LIPI lakarta) Nur A. Fqdhil Lubis (IAIN StLmntra Utara) M.C. Ricklefs (MelbotLrne Uniaersity) Martin uan Bruinessen (Lttrecht L[niaersity) lohn R. Bouen (Washington Uniaersity, St. Lor.ris) M. Atho Mudzhnr (IAIN Yogyakarta) M. Kamnl Hasan (Internntionnl Islamic Llniaersity, KrLala Lumpur) EDITOR.IN.CI{IEF Azrrrrmer,.li Azrr EDITORS Saifttl Mujnni lamhnri lnjat Btrhanudolin Fu'ad labali Omnn Fathurahntan ASSISTANT TO THE EDITORS Heni Nuroni ENGLISH LANGUAGE ADVISOR Lttcy Rhydzuen-Marett ARABIC LANGUAGE ADVISOR Nttrsamad COVER DESICNER S. Prinkn STUDIA ISLAMIKA (ISSN 0215-0492) is a journal published by the Center for the Stttdy of lslam nnd Society (PPIM) UIN Syarif Hidayatullnh, lalurta (STT DEPPEN No. 129/SK/DITIEN/PPG/STT/1976) and sponsored by the Australin-lndonesia lnstitute 6II). lt specializes in Indonesian lslnmic studies in partiuLlnr, nnd South-east Asian Islamic Studies in general, and is intended to communicnte original researches and current isstrcs on the sttbject. This jotLrnal ruarmly Tuelcomes contributions from sclnlars of related disciplines. AIL articles published do not necessarily represent the uieus of the jotLrnal, or other institr.ttions to zuhicl'L it is ffiliated. They are solely the aieus of the authors. The nrticles contained in this jotLrnal haae been refereed by the Board of Editors. STUDIA ISLAMIKA has been accredited by The Ministry of Nationnl Education, Republic of lndonesia as an academic journal (SK Dirjen Dikti No. 69/DIKTI/2000). OmanFathurahman Reinforcing Neo-Sufism in the Malay-Indonesian World: Shattariyyah Order in West Sumatra Abstraksi: Tnreknt, sebngni organisnsi dslnm dttnin tnsnwuf, telnh me- mninknn pernn yang snngnt penting dnlam perkembnngnn lslnm di dunis Melnyu-Indonesin. Hnl ini terutnma terknit dengan kenyntnnn bnhwn lslnm ynng mnsLk pndn mnsa nwnl ke wilnynh ini bercornk tasawuf . Artikel ini mendiskusiknn snlnh snhr jenis tnreknt terpenting dnlnm proses islnmisnsi di dunin Melnyu-Indonesin, ynkni Shnttariyynh, dengan secnrn khusus menyoroti dinnmikn dan perkembnngnnnya di Sumatra Bnrnt. Pembahnsnn njnrnn tareknt Shnttariyyah di Sumntrn Bnrat ini diletnkknn dnlnm kerangka penguatnn ajnrnn neo-Sufisme di dtmin Melnyu-Indonesia. Seperti dikemuknknn sejumlnh snrjnnn, perkembnngnn tnreknt Sha11ariyynh di dunin Melnyu-Indonesia tidnk dapnt dilepaskan dnri khalifah utamnny a, Ab dtrrnuf nl-S inkili ( 1 61 5-1 69 3 ). Melnlui sejtLmlah murid ynng berguru kepndnnya, seperti Shnikh Brtrhnnuddin lflnknn dari Sumatrn Bnrnt, dan Shnikh Abdul Mtiltyi dari Pamijnhnn lnwn Bnrnt, njnrnn tnreknt Shnttariyyah tersebnr ke berbngni wilnynh di dunin Melayu- Indonesia. Bersnmn-snmn dengnn tnrekat lnin, seperti tnreknt Naqsltbandiyynh misalnyn, tareknt Shatrlariyynh ynng dikembangkan oleh al-Sinkili dnn murid-muridnya ini kemudinn mengembnngknn nj nrnn neo-Sufism, ynng snlnh satu karnkter utamn ajnrnnnyn ndalah melnkuknn rekonsiliasi nntnra ajnrnn tasnwuf dan synriat (fiqh). Dalnmkonteks trndisi intelektual Islsm di dunin Melayu-Indonesin, ajnrnn tnsawuf dengan corak neo-Sufis ini telnh menjndi wncnnn dominnn sejnk nwnl nbnd ke-17, sehinggn mempengnruhi hampir seffiua knryn-knryn keislnman ynng mrLncul, khuwsnyn di bidang tnsnwuf . Selnin nknn melihnt persebnran tnreknt Shnttariyynh di Sumntrn Barat melnlui tokoh utnmnnyn, Syaikh Bur'lmnuddin l.llnkan, yang nknn menjadi 29 ShLdin lslnmikn. Vol. 10. No. 3, 2003 30 Omnn Fnthtrrnhmnn fokus utnmn pembahfisttn artikel ini juga adalnh mengenni bagnimnnn tnrekat Shattariyyah berkembnng di Sumatrn BnratT Perubnhnn seperti npn yang terjndi menyangkut sifat dnn kecenderungnn ajaran neo- Sufismenya, khususnyn padn periode belnkangnn (nbad ke-19 dnn 20)? Dnn bngnimann pula gambnrnn silsilnh guru-murid tnreknt Shat1ariyynh di Sumatra Barnt tersebut? Penting dikemukakan bahwn perkembangan tnreknt Shallariyyah di Sumntrn Bnrat hingga abad ke-20 ini telah memperlihatknn sntu j t s a, ke c e n d e r u n g an p ent in g m eny an gkt t t r umu s an n nr nn as aw uf filo ofisny yakni "tebih lt,Lnnk" dibanding rumusnn sebelumnyn. Hnl ini menuniukknn beta|sn njarnn neo-sufisme semnkin mengnknr kunt di kalnngnn muslim di dunia MelaytL-Indonesin, khuzusnyn pndn periode nbnd ke-19 dnn 20. Indiknsi semnkin kuatnyn ninrnn neo-Sufisme di Sumntrn Barnt ini, nntarn lain, tnmpnk dnlam kenyatnan bnhwn jika nl-Sinkili di Aceh pndn nbsd ke-17 misnlnyn, mnsih mengnjnrknn doktrin wahdat al-wujird, di Sumatrn Bnrnt, njarnn wahdat al-wujld tersebut ternynta buknn snjn diperlunak, lebih dari itu bnhkan dilrrcttti dsri keseluruhnn njnrnn tareknt Shnltrariyynh, knrenn dinnggnp bertentnngnn dengnn njnrnn dan prnktek sharr'at. P ndn giliranny a, sep nnj nng meny nngkrft tnr eknt Shnltrar iyy nh di Sumntra Bnrnt, njnran tnreknt ShntrTariyya'h tnnpa doktrin wahdat al- wujld ini menjndi salnh sntu sifnt dnn kecenderungnnnyn ynng khns. Perkembnngnn ini relatif berbedn dengnn gnmbnrnn sebelumnyn ynng dikemukaknn ole'h sejumlnh snrjnnn, seperti B. I.O Schrieke, Knrel A. Steenbrink, Martin ann Bruinessen, dnn bebernpn snrjnnn Ininnyn, bnhwn tareknt Shnttariyynh di Sumatrn Barnt, khusnsnyn pndn mnsn-mfisn nutnl, merupakan kelompok tareknt ynng pnling gint mengembnngknn njnrnn wahdat al-wuiDd, dnn b erhadap -hndnpnn dengnn tnreknt N nqsybnndiyy nh yang disebut sebngai pengembnng doktrin wahdat al-shuhDd. Kemudian, seink mulni berkembnngnyn pndn nbnd ke-17, hinggn kini, tnrekat Shnltariyynh telnh tersebnr ke berbagni pelosok di Sumntrn Barat, mulni dnri daerah Pndnng Pnrinmnn danTnnnh Dntnr, menyusul kemudinn daernh Agam, Solok, Snwah Lunto Sijunjtmg, Pnsnman, dnn Pesisir Selntnn. Dengnn demikinn, tnreknt Shn1lariyynh ynng dikembangknn oleh pnra ulnmnnya di sumntrn Barst telnh melnlui jnlttr persebarnnnya mulai dnri daernh pnntai pesisir snmpai ke dnrek ntntt Ir,tltnk nan tigo, ynitu: Luhnk Tnnah Datnr, Luhnk Agnm, dnn Luhnk Limn Puluh Kota. Perkembnngnn jnlur penyebnrnn tarekat S'hntrTariyynh ini umumnyn diikuti pula oleh persebnrnn nnsknh-nnsknh bercornk neo- Sufis yang selnltL menjadi pegnngnn parn nnggotanya, sehinggn nnsknh' nnsknlt tersebut semnkin bertnmbnh jumlnhnyn dnri wnktu ke wnktu. StrLdin Islnnikn, Vol.70, No. 3,2003 OmanFathurahman Reinforcing Neo-Sufism in the Malay-Indonesian World: Shattdriyyah Order in West Sumatra Qf!-r,")\11 1te i t-L^ lr1) .J QyA\ apt at{ :bW A-:.*b aJ 9rj a;!J.t d ,;;r1 L_(-dl fy*,)l o! i-try f.-" c;1 tu J---*i oi +) i^Lr" aet+ ,L? C ;jq,b\ oi ir-- \J-a1 ta*-g'a.,, .!"":"1t1-y>t1t / t" * fX-)l k+ ,^:;;1 &Jl J"t|;ll J ?-:i J,.:-.+*i ('r1 +#1 i;Jl fi .si-l .r"S oJlrJ.l o-r.^1 ;,b--+ qrujJl aa-rd\ i il-Ld. 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