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An Assessment of the Adequacy of US-Canadian Infrastructure to Accommodate the Trade Through Eastern Border Crossings

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An Assessment of the Adequacy of US-Canadian Infrastructure to Accommodate the Trade Through Eastern Border Crossings III 1111111111111111111111111111 u.s. Department PB95-112041 of Transportation Federal Highway Administration Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act Section 6015 Study: Assessment of Border Crossings and Transportation Corridors for North American Trade (Northeast) . An Assessment of the Adequacy of U.S-Canadian Infrastructure to Accommodate the Trade through Eastern Border Crossings REPRODUCED BY: I!I§, u.s. Depart.ment of Co~merc:e . National Techmcallnformatlon Service Springfield, Virginia 22161 NOTICE The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors, who are responsible for the facts and accuracy of the data presented herein. The contents do not necessarily reflect the official policy of the Department of Transportation. The United States Government does not endorse the products or manufacturers. Trademarks or manufacturers' names appear herein only because they are considered essential to the objective of this document. This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the Department of Transportation in the interest of information exchange. The United States Government assumes no liability for its contents or use thereof. REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OM8 No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for revieWIng instructions( searchin, existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the co lection 0 information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any' other .. aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducIng thIS burden, to washin~ton He~arters ~~5~~~~~6:Pi~~t~~a~~ .. fg~fl~!0~~tion operat!~sR~ .. ~epg~ts, 12'5R~~~~~~~np~~Y!~tH~8~~2~61~~te",!s~:.,,~~~i~~ogl\'iX~ i 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED 1111111111111111111111111111111 February 1994 Final Report PB95-112041 August 1992-January 1994 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5. FUNDING NUMBERS An Assessment of the Adequacy of the U.S. Canadian Infrastructure to Accommodate Trade through Eastern Border HW476/H4027 Crossings: 6. AUTHOR(S) Amy C. Flanagan, Richard J. Horn, Sarah A. Maccalous, Nicholas Scotti, John C. Taylor 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION U.S. Department of Transportation REPORT NUMBER Research and Special Programs Administration DOT/VNTSC-FHWA-94-3 John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center Cambridge, MA 02142 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSORING/MONITORING U.S. Department of Transportation AGENCY REPORT NUMBER Federal Highway Administration FHWA-PL-94-009-05 400 7th Street, S.W. Washington, DC 20590 11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 12a. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT 12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE This document is available to the public through the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161 13. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words) The Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA) of 1991 calls for a study of U.S. international border crossings. The objective of the study is to identify existing and emerging trade corridors and transportation subsystems that facilitate trade between the United States, Canada, and Mexico. This report contains an assessment of infrastrstructure in place and planned, an identification of current trade and transportation flows, and an assessment of emerging trade corridors. 14. SUBJECT TERMS 15. NUMBER OF PAGES Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA) , North American Trade and Transportation, 16. PRICE CODE 17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 18. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT OF REPORT OF THIS PAGE OF ABSTRACT Unclassified Unclassified Unclassified NSN 7540-01-280-5500 Standard Form 298 (Rev. 2-89) Prescribed by ANSI Std. 239-18 298-102 APPROXIMATE CONVERSIONS TO SI UNITS APPROXIMATE CONVERSIONS FROM SI UNITS Symbol When You Know Multiply By To Find Symbol Symbol When You Know Multiply By To Find Symbol LENGTH LENGTH in inches 25.4 millimeters mm mm millimeters 0.039 inches in· ft feet 0.305 meters m m meters 3.28 feet ft yd yards 0.914 meters m m meters 1.09 yards yd mi miles 1.61 kilometers km km kilometers 0.621 miles mi AREA AREA 2 2 2 in square inches 645.2 square millimeters mm2 mm square millimeters 0.0016 square inches in m2 ft2 square feet 0.093 square meters m2 square meters 10.764 square feet ft2 m2 yd2 square yards 0.836 square meters m2 square meters 1.195 square yards yd2 ac aaes 0.405 hectares ha ha hectares 2.47 aaes ac 2 2 2 mi square miles 2.59 square kilometers km2 km square kilometers 0.386 square miles mi VOLUME VOLUME fI oz fluidounces 29.57 milliliters mL mL milliliters 0.034 fluidounces fI oz gal gallons 3.785 liters L L liters 0.264 gallons gal 3 ft3 cubic feet 0.028 cubic meters m3 m cubic meters 35.71 cubic feet ft3 3 ycfJ cubic yards 0.765 cubic meters m3 m cubic meters 1.307 cubic yards yd3 3 NOTE: Volumes greater than 1000 I shall be shown in m • MASS MASS oz ounces 28.35 grams g g grams 0.035 ounces oz Ib pounds 0.454 kilograms kg kg kilograms 2.202 pounds Ib T short tons (2000 Ib) 0.907 megagrams Mg Mg megagrams 1.103 short tons (2000 Ib) T (or "metric ton") (or "to) (or "to) (or "metric ton") TEMPERATURE (exact) TEMPERATURE (exact) OF Fahrenheit 5(F-32)/9 Celcius °C °C Celcius 1.8C + 32 Fahrenheit OF temperature or (F-32)/1.8 temperature temperature temperature ILLUMINATION ILLUMINATION fc foot-candles 10.76 lux Ix Ix lux 0.0929 foot-candles fc 2 2 fI foot-Lamberts 3.426 candela/m cdlm2 cdlm2 candela/m 0.2919 foot-Lamberts fI FORCE and PRESSURE or STRESS FORCE and PRESSURE or STRESS Ibf poundforce 4.45 newtons N N newtons 0.225 poundforce Ibf 2 Ibflin2 poundforce per 6.89 kilo pascals kPa kPa kilo pascals 0.145 poundforee per Ibflin square inch square inch • SI is the symbol for the International System of Units. Appropriate (Revise~ September 1993) rounding should be made to comply with Section 4 of ASTM E380. 1111111111111111111111111111111 PB95-112041 An Assessment of the Adequacy of U.S-Canadian Infrastructure to Accommodate the Trade through Eastern Border Crossings Sponsored by the Office of Policy Development Federal Highway Administration August 1994 PREFACE The Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA) of 1991 called for a study of U.S. international border crossings. The objective of the study was to 'identify existing and emerging trade corridors and transportation subsystems that facilitate trade between the United States, Canada, and Mexico.' The Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, conducted this study. The study assessed the adequacy of transportation infrastructure at the borders to accommodate current and future trade and traffic levels. In order to accomplish this objective, three subtasks were defined: o Conduct an inventory of current and planned infrastructure at the borders. o Identify existing international trade corridors among the North American trading partners. o Identify emerging trade corridors. In the conduct of this study, available data were collected from Canadian, the U. S. and Mexican public and private sources. The study team undertook an extensive outreach effort to bring local and state interests into the process. Shippers and carriers participated in meetings across the country to identify issues and to provide recommendations and suggested solutions. Meetings were held in Canada and Mexico to gain a better perspective to the total picture of border concerns. For practical purposes, the study was divided into several regional activities. This was to reflect separately some of the concerns and problems presumed to be unique to those regions. The results of one of these efforts is presented in this report. The John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center (Volpe Center) was tasked to perform the assessment of the ability of the border crossings along the eastern, U. S.­ Canadian border to meet current and future transportation needs of the trade between Canada and the U.S. The inventory assessment was conducted by the Volpe Center and Wayne State University. This work draws upon previous studies and data collection efforts. These sources were augmented by data from border crossing authorities and inspections of facilities. The trade flow analysis was performed using foreign trade data from the U.S. Bureau of the Census. This is the primary Federal source of data on foreign trade. This database has most of the information collected under authority granted to U.S. Customs for data on imports and to the Bureau of the Census for data on exports. The primary objectives of this data base are accounting for tariffs and items in the national income and product account. Thus much of the data important to transportation analysis is limited and the level of reliability varies. There are also severe restrictions placed on the release of detailed data to the public. III From the beginning of the process, it was detennined that a purely statistical analysis could not adequately capture the concerns and knowledge in the transportation and trade community. The outreach efforts were intended to overcome this constraint. Two Roundtable meetings, held in Buffalo, New York, and St. Louis, Missouri, were important in obtaining insight from the local and regional interests. A Futures Assessment meeting held in Detroit, Michigan, provided additional input to the trade and traffic discussion. The results of these sessions are reported on separately. This study, including the activities of the study team members conducting each of the regional analyses, is a fIrst step in the development of a more comprehensive understanding of trade and traffIc flows in North America. Applications for policy and planning at all level of government and in the private sector can be enhanced by these data and continued improvement of the infonnation.
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