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Gimp Y Scribus Vs Adobe Photoshop E Indesign

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Gimp Y Scribus Vs Adobe Photoshop E Indesign gráficos y DTP Scribus y Gimp vs Photoshop e InDesign gráficos y DTP Gimp y Scribus vs Adobe Photoshop e InDesign Cédric Gemy l software libre es famoso ya programas tienen como objetivo común desde hace mucho tiempo en ofrecer las herramientas eficaces pero tam- el campo de redes, servidores bién sencillas de uso, sobre todo, para la y de la seguridad. Sin embargo, creación de los documentos digitales de Eparecía estar lejos de las preocupaciones de calidad gráfica. No son herramientas de los usuarios finales y era útil, sobre todo, administradores, sino herramientas de dise- para los administradores. Poco a poco, ñadores gráficos. Y lo consiguen maravi- otros tipos de aplicaciones adquirieron más llosamente. importancia, sobre todo, las herramientas Aquí, no vamos a hablar de los diseña- de escritorio. Estas herramientas, como el dores web, pero sí de los que trabajan en software libre, pueden estar separadas de la impresión. Se trata de los diseñadores Linux y otros sistemas operativos de este gráficos en el sentido amplio: todas las tipo. En cuanto a la edición de imágenes, personas que crean los documentos impre- Gimp es históricamente un líder casi incon- sos. Puede ser la persona responsable de testable. Pero hace dos o tres años estalló la comunicación de la empresa, que pre- una nueva revolución: se trata de la dis- para la publicidad, un ejecutivo, diseña- tribuciones libres con las que surgió un dores de maquetas en las revistas o edi- público más amplio, que de esto modo pu- ciones de libros, también los alumnos que do deshacerse de su miedo ante los men- trabajan para un diario escolar. Lo que sajes de dificultades durante la instalación. cambia es, entonces, el contexto del uso Esta nueva situación ha llevado a incitar el de un software determinado ahora por interés por todos los tipos de herramien- un objetivo preciso muy frecuentemente tas que no existían hasta entonces bajo extremadamente público. Esto se llama Di- esta forma: Scribus o Inkscape figuran en- seño Asistido por el Ordenador. Históri- tre ellas. Su presencia modifica completa- camente, el Diseño Asistido por el Orde- mente el paisaje y parece que esto se refiere nador requiere tres tipos de software: también a Gimp. • un programa para preparar el diseño Contexto y hacer posible y sencilla la creación de Para no iniciados, la asociación de estos los documentos originales. En nuestro Sobre el Autor tres programas puede parecer arbitraria, caso, este papel le corresponde a Scri- El autor tiene 32 años. Es editor, sin embargo, el cambio es real. La parte bus. grafista, maquetista así como relativa a la gráfica, de un simple retoque • un programa para retocar las fotos que creador independiente. Es autor de de la imagen personal pasó a la integra- queremos integrar en nuestra página, Gimp 2 Eficaz en ediciones Eyrolles y del registro libre (sobre) SOS. ción con el diseño de los documentos des- para evitar la situación que en una pá- Su página profesional: tinados a ser impresos. Scribus impone tá- gina tengamos solamente el texto. Esta http://www.cgemy.com citamente un desarrollo de funcionalida- misión es cumplida por Gimp. El sitio de sus actividades libres: des preimpresión, lo cual era posible sola- • un programa para crear todos los grá- http://www.le-radar.com mente con Latex al precio de un esfuerzo ficos que no son en general fotos, es enorme para un simple mortal. Todos estos decir, logotipos, planos, mapas o dia- 20 Linux+ 6/2006 www.lpmagazine.org 21 gráficos y DTP Scribus y Gimp vs Photoshop e InDesign gráficos y DTP cas para este tipo de aplicaciones. Sobre todo tiene el importador de los documen- tos OpenOffice bastante potente para las versiones 1.x y 2.x, que sirve también para recuperar los estilos. Esto puede pare- cer no tener importancia para un no inicia- do, sin embargo es esencial: un programa de desktop publishing no está hecho para escribir el texto y un diseñador gráfico o diseñador de maquetas no es un dacti- lógrafo. En las producciones importantes, el texto es introducido en una herra- mienta de tratamiento de texto, después importado para la autoedición y el alza- do. Evidentemente, en Indesign o Xpress encontraremos los importadores de docu- Figura 1. La ventana de creación de documento ofrece opciones originales en los modelos mentos Word. Si tenemos algunos docu- de documentos mentos Word para integrar en una auto- edición, hay que pasarlos primero a Open- gramas. De esto será encargado Inksca- ¿En qué entonces Scribus es diferente Office para guardarlos en el formato de pe, pero no nos vamos a concentrar en de las herramientas anteriores? este programa, y después importar a Scri- él en este momento ya que hoy en día Las comparaciones son una cosa deli- bus. Esto permite evitar las acciones sal- su objetivo principal es (todavía) ser un cada. Las comparaciones suelen contener vajes de copiar/pegar que son practicadas editor SVG. tantos puntos de vista que rara vez son ob- pero no muy adecuadas. jetivos. No escondemos nuestro interés por Si nuestro texto es bastante largo y no Para los iniciados, esto recuerda una tri- Scribus aún más si tenemos que trabajar cabe en una sola página, Scribus no ge- logía: Xpress/Indesign + Photoshop + Illu- con otros programas que nos son impues- nera inmediatamente las páginas adicio- strator. ¿Es que los programas de los que tos. La primera constatación es que Scribus nales. En efecto, no hay ninguna razón vamos a hablar superaron sus antepasa- es muy manejable, incluso para los trabajos para que el diseño sea lineal. En todo dos? Aprovechemos la ocasión para hacer serios. caso, es muy fácil, si lo deseamos, obtener un pequeño balance del tema. el relleno completo: basta tener un docu- Importación OpenOffice mento que acepta los marcos automáti- Autoedición de la página En primer lugar, Scribus como un pro- cos, y crear simplemente el número de con Scribus grama de autoedición avanzada, dispone páginas correspondiente a nuestro texto Empecemos por Scribus. Esto puede ser de toda una gama de funcionalidades típi- importado. una ocasión para recordar una cosa fun- damental: el tratamiento del texto no tiene nada que ver con el software del diseño gráfico. Primero, al nivel del usuario, que es el más visible, hay que poner en una posición determinada cada elemento o tex- to insertado del diseño mientras que en OpenOffice, por ejemplo, todos los ele- mentos son ordenados automáticamente uno tras otro. Gracias a esto, con un sólo programa podemos hacer las cosas com- pletamente diferentes. Mirad simplemente vuestro buzón de correo e intentad repro- ducir la mayoría de la publicidad que os invade. Con Scribus, lo vais a conseguir sin ninguna duda, con OpenOffice, que es uno de los mejores programa de tratamiento de texto disponibles, vais a sufrir y no vais a conseguir a resolver algunos problemas. Es inútil utilizar Scribus para un informe sencillo. Scribus, como Indesign o Xpress, es una herramienta visual cuyo objetivo es crear los diseños de las páginas originales Figura 2. La imagen en alta resolución en la página acompañada de sus propiedades a la y ricos. derecha y de la ventana de gestión de imágenes 20 Linux+ 6/2006 www.lpmagazine.org 21 gráficos y DTP Scribus y Gimp vs Photoshop e InDesign gráficos y DTP Tabla 1. Comparación de Gimp y Photoshop puede ser añadido automáticamente a las GIMP Photoshop páginas imprimibles. Como es debido, el Capas SÍ SÍ + capas especiales enlace entre las maquetas y las páginas y efectos que resultan de ellas, es conservado para Máscaras SÍ SÍ + capas vectoriales obtener resultados en cascadas en el caso Canales SÍ SÍ de las modificaciones de la maqueta. Es el mejor modo para trabajar rápidamente Rutas SÍ SÍ y con precisión con los estilos. Igual Integración con otras SÍ (Inkscape...) SÍ con Herramientas que en Indesign, los bloques de una aplicaciones Adobe maqueta son protegidos en las páginas. Correcciones SÍ SÍ Un [Alt]+[May]+[Clic] en el bloque basta Efectos Alrededor de 160 libretas + los de SÍ para separarlo del origen y es muy prác- Photoshop y los del registro tico para evitar los errores desafortunados Compresión preliminar en Parcialmente SÍ como era frecuentemente en el caso de las la gestión de color versiones famosas de Xpress. La edición Sistema de impresión Necesario Gimp-print SÍ de maquetas está realizada a través de Optimización y animación SÍ SÍ una ventana específica ejecutada desde el para Web menú Edición–>Plantillas mientras que la Capturar SÍ en nativo NO gestión de las páginas del documento final Automatización 100% por script Tratamiento por lote se hace desde la ventana Organizar las pági- simple nas. De paso, vale la pena fijarnos en una Animación compleja SÍ NO de las opciones en los menús de Suscribus Tratamiento Vídeo SÍ por GAP NO llamada Página destinada especialmente a la gestión del documento. En la ventana Importación carse solamente por las trabajos que están Organizar las páginas podemos arrastrar EPS, TIFF, PSD... realizados ahora en la descripción de las fácilmente los objetos tanto para añadir pá- En lo que se refiere a la gestión de imágenes imágenes en Gimp. Los cambios están ginas una tras otra, como para desplazar- Scribus tampoco tiene por qué tener ver- realizados ahora y, sin ninguna duda, en las o modificar las maquetas aplicadas. El güenza. Es capaz de importar los formatos cuanto sean terminados, será posible inser- menú Página será utilizado especialmente de ficheros específicos para la impresión tarlos en las producciones. para insertar nuevas páginas o importar- como EPS o TIFF que dominan desde hace las del otro documento Scribus.
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