Origins and Founding of the Institute
1 “under my protection and name….” – Origins and Founding of the Institute Today there are entire disciplines that simply no longer fit within the bounds of the colleges and universities, either because they require such extensive machinery and instrumentation that no university department can afford them, or because they concern problems that are too advanced for students and can only be tackled by junior scholars.1 So wrote the Berlin theologian and director of the Royal Library, Adolf Har- nack, in a 1909 memorandum that would serve as the founding document for the Kaiser Wilhelm Society (Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft, KWG) and hence for the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry (Kaise r- Wilhelm-Institut für physikalische Chemie und Elektrochemie, KWI), one of the first institutes established by the society. The creation of these organizations was the culmination of interwoven chains of events stretching back well into the 19th century and closely tied to the rise of Germany, and Berlin in particular, as an international center for scholarly research. Three institutional innovations con- tributed substantially to this rise to academic prominence.2 The first was the founding in Berlin in 1810 of the Friedrich Wilhelm University (Friedrich-Wil- helms-Universität, Berlin University), one of the first establishments to promote the ideal of the unity of research and teaching, which would become a hallmark of the modern research university. Then in 1887, the Imperial Institute of Physics and Technology (Physikalisch-Technische Reichsanstalt, PTR) began operations in Berlin-Charlottenburg. The first large research institute to stand outside the uni- versity system, the Imperial Institute of Physics and Technology, resulted from a close collaboration between the state, industry and science, aimed at establishing an institute that could meet the demands of modern, large-scale scientific research.
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