Acadian Orogeny, 289-292, 311-315, 433- 439
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The Moenave Formation: Sedimentologic and Stratigraphic Context of the Triassic–Jurassic Boundary in the Four Corners Area, Southwestern U.S.A
Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 244 (2007) 111–125 www.elsevier.com/locate/palaeo The Moenave Formation: Sedimentologic and stratigraphic context of the Triassic–Jurassic boundary in the Four Corners area, southwestern U.S.A. ⁎ Lawrence H. Tanner a, , Spencer G. Lucas b a Department of Biology, Le Moyne College, 1419 Salt Springs Road, Syracuse, NY 13214, USA b New Mexico Museum of Natural History, 1801 Mountain Road, N.W., Albuquerque, NM 87104, USA Received 20 February 2005; accepted 20 June 2006 Abstract The Moenave Formation was deposited during latest Triassic to earliest Jurassic time in a mosaic of fluvial, lacustrine, and eolian subenvironments. Ephemeral streams that flowed north-northwest (relative to modern geographic position) deposited single- and multi-storeyed trough cross-bedded sands on an open floodplain. Sheet flow deposited mainly silt across broad interchannel flats. Perennial lakes, in which mud, silt and carbonate were deposited, formed on the terminal floodplain; these deposits experienced episodic desiccation. Winds that blew dominantly east to south-southeast formed migrating dunes and sand sheets that were covered by low-amplitude ripples. The facies distribution varies greatly across the outcrop belt. The lacustrine facies of the terminal floodplain are limited to the northern part of the study area. In a southward direction along the outcrop belt (along the Echo Cliffs and Ward Terrace in Arizona), dominantly fluvial–lacustrine and subordinate eolian facies grade mainly to eolian dune and interdune facies. This transition records the encroachment of the Wingate erg. Moenave outcrops expose a north–south lithofacies gradient from distal, (erg margin) to proximal (erg interior). The presence of ephemeral stream and lake deposits, abundant burrowing and vegetative activity, and the general lack of strongly developed aridisols or evaporites suggest a climate that was seasonally arid both before and during deposition of the Moenave and the laterally equivalent Wingate Sandstone. -
Perennial Lakes As an Environmental Control on Theropod Movement in the Jurassic of the Hartford Basin
geosciences Article Perennial Lakes as an Environmental Control on Theropod Movement in the Jurassic of the Hartford Basin Patrick R. Getty 1,*, Christopher Aucoin 2, Nathaniel Fox 3, Aaron Judge 4, Laurel Hardy 5 and Andrew M. Bush 1,6 1 Center for Integrative Geosciences, University of Connecticut, 354 Mansfield Road, U-1045, Storrs, CT 06269, USA 2 Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati, 500 Geology Physics Building, P.O. Box 210013, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; [email protected] 3 Environmental Systems Graduate Group, University of California, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, CA 95340, USA; [email protected] 4 14 Carleton Street, South Hadley, MA 01075, USA; [email protected] 5 1476 Poquonock Avenue, Windsor, CT 06095, USA; [email protected] 6 Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 75 North Eagleville Road, U-3403, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-413-348-6288 Academic Editors: Neil Donald Lewis Clark and Jesús Martínez Frías Received: 2 February 2017; Accepted: 14 March 2017; Published: 18 March 2017 Abstract: Eubrontes giganteus is a common ichnospecies of large dinosaur track in the Early Jurassic rocks of the Hartford and Deerfield basins in Connecticut and Massachusetts, USA. It has been proposed that the trackmaker was gregarious based on parallel trackways at a site in Massachusetts known as Dinosaur Footprint Reservation (DFR). The gregariousness hypothesis is not without its problems, however, since parallelism can be caused by barriers that direct animal travel. We tested the gregariousness hypothesis by examining the orientations of trackways at five sites representing permanent and ephemeral lacustrine environments. -
Guide to the Mesozoic Redbeds of Central Connecticut
I I I Guide to the Mesozoic Redheds I of I Central Connecticut I JOHN F. HUBERT, ALAN A. REED, I WAYNE L. DOWDALL, and J. MICHAEL GILCHRIST I I I STATE GEOLOGICAL AND NATURAL HISTORY SURVEY OF CONNECTICUT DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 1978 GUIDEBOOK NO. 4 On the cover: In the early morning along the shore of on East Berlin Lake, the 7-m phytosour Rutiodon snatches a Semionotus from the sho I lows. The tall horsetail Equisetum and cycad Otozomiles thrive in the wet mud of the lake strand. Stands of the conifer Aroucarioxylon tower 60 m high along the distant horizon on sandy soils of the well drained uplands. The dinosaur Eubronfes passed this way the previous evening. Sketch by Amy S. Hubert STATE GEOLOGICAL AND NATURAL HISTORY SURVEY OF CONNECTICUT DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION } } ] GUIDE TO THE MESOZOIC REDBEDS OF CENTRAL CONNECTICUT JOHN F. HUBERT J University of Massachusetts ALAN A. REED ) Chevron Oil Company WAYNE L • DOWDALL Weston Geophysical Resea:t>ch J. MICHAEL GILCHRIST Texaco Oil Company ,-------,_r-- -----------, i 1 i I 1 I ~ l ; .J J 1978 J GUIDEBOOK NO. 4 J J ii STATE GEOLOGICAL AND NATURAL HISTORY SURVEY OF CONNECTICUT THE NATURAL RESOURCES CENTER DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION Honorable Ella Grasso, Governor of Connecticut Stanley J. Pac, Connnissioner of the Department of Environmental Protection STATE GEOLOGIST DIRECTOR, NATURAL RESOURCES CENTER Hugo F. Thomas, Ph.D. This guidebook is a reprint of "Guide to the Redbeds of Central Connecticut: 1978 Field Trip, Eastern Section of the Society of Economic Mineralogists and Paleontologists." It was originally published as Contribution No. -
Improving Hydric Soil Identification in Areas Containing Problematic Red Parent Materials: a Nationwide Collaborative Mapping Approach
Wetlands https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-018-1114-6 APPLIED WETLAND SCIENCE Improving Hydric Soil Identification in Areas Containing Problematic Red Parent Materials: a Nationwide Collaborative Mapping Approach Sara C. Mack1 & Jacob F. Berkowitz2 & Martin C. Rabenhorst1 Received: 9 July 2018 /Accepted: 18 November 2018 # The Author(s) 2018 Abstract Hydric soil identification utilizes diagnostic morphologic features, including iron transformations, resulting from anaerobic condi- tions. However, soils derived from some red parent materials (RPM) fail to develop characteristic hydric soils morphologies, confounding hydric soil and wetland delineation. Laboratory and field methods addressing resistant RPM soils exist, but application remains limited by uncertainty regarding problematic RPM distribution. In response, a collaborative effort (>50 participants) docu- mented problematic RPM distribution across the contiguous United States. Specifically, >1100 samples from >450 locations underwent laboratory analysis using the Color Change Propensity Index to identify problematic RPM soils. Geospatial analysis linked verified problematic soils with associated geologic units and soil series, generating maps of RPM distribution. Potential problematic RPM was identified in the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic, Great Lakes, South-central, and Desert Southwest-Western Mountains (problematic RPM regions herein), encompassing diverse groups of soils and parent materials. Despite the observed variability in soil characteristics, results suggest that problematic RPM was consistently derived from sedimentary, hematite-rich red bed formations developed where deposition of terrestrial sediments occurred in near-shore, marginal-marine environments. Understanding problematic RPM soils distribution promotes the appropriate application of existing hydric soil field indicators, including F21 – Red Parent Material, thus improving approaches to hydric soil identification and wetland management. Keywords Hydric soil . -
Guidebook for Fieutrips In• Eastern Connecticut Arul the Hartford &Si,N
Guidebook for FieUtrips in• Eastern Connecticut arul the Hartford &si,n HOLYOKE HAMPDEN EASTERN HI HIANDS DIKE/SILL ME :AMORPHIC BASEMENT ROCKS STATE GEOLOGICAL AND NATURAL HISTORY SURVEY OF CoNNECTICUT THE NATURAL REsouRCES CENTER DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION MARCH 19, 20, 21, AND 22, 1995 Guidebook Number 7 NoJITHFAST SECTION, GEOLOGIO\L SOCIEIY OF AMERICA 30rn .ANNuAL MEETING CROMWEIL, CoNNECTICUT MARCH 19, 20, 21AND22, 1995 Guidebook far Piek/trips in &tern Connecticut and the Hartford Basin Editor Nancy W. McHone State Geological and Natural History Survey of Connecticut Guidebook Number 7 1995 State Geological and Narural History Survey of Connectirut The Natural Resources Center Department of Environmental Protection Governor of Connecticut HONORABLE JOHN ROWLAND Commissioner of the Deparment of Environmental Protection SIDNEY J. HOLBROOK State Geologist Director, Natural Resources Center RICHARD HYDE For information on ordering this guidebook and other publications of the Connecticut Geological and Natural History Survey, consult the List of Publications available from the survey, Department of Environmental Protection, 79 Flm Street, Hartford, CT 06106-5127 Telephone (203) 424-3555 Editors Preface I It has been twenty-four years since the last Northeast Section of the Geological Society of America meeting in Connecticut. Since that time our understanding of the geological history of northeastern USA and southeastern Canada has greatly increased. The fieldtrips described in this guide incorporate, and add to, our understanding of that history. Trip A examines metamorphic rocks, using mineral cooling ages to constrain the boundaries of terranes and the timing of i terrane assembly. The sedimentary and basalt units of the Hartford Basin are the subjects of trips B and D. -
Stratigraphic Nomenclature of the Newark Supergroup of Eastern North America
Stratigraphic Nomenclature of the Newark Supergroup of Eastern North America U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1572 Stratigraphic Nomenclature of the Newark Supergroup of Eastern North America By GWENDOLYN W. LUTTRELL U. S. G E 0 L 0 G I C A L S U R V E Y B U L L E T I N 1 5 7 2 A lexicon and correlation chart of Newark Supergroup stratigraphic nomenclature, including a review of the origin and characteristics of the early Mesozoic basins of eastern North America UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON: 1989 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR MANUEL LUJAN, Jr., Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Dallas L. Peck, Director Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Luttrell, Gwendolyn Lewise Werth, 1927- Stratigraphic nomenclature of the Newark Supergroup of eastern North America. (U.S. Geological Survey bulletin ; 1572) Bibliography: p. Supt. of Docs. no. : I 19.3:1572 1. Geology, Stratigraphic-Triassic-Nomenclature. 2. Geology, Stratigraphic-Jurassic-Nomenclature. 3. Geology, Stratigraphic Nomenclature-North America. I. Title. II. Series. QE75.B9 no. 1572 [QE676] 557.3 s 88-600291 [551. 7'6'097] For sale by the Books and Open-File Reports Section U.S. Geological Survey, Federal Center, Box 25425, Denver, CO 80225 CONTENTS Page Abstract............................................................................. 1 Introduction........................................................................ 1 Exposed Basins . 2 Descriptions of the Exposed Basins . 6 Deep River Basin . 6 Crow burg Basin . 7 Wadesboro Basin . 8 Ellerbe Basin . 8 Sanford Basin . -
Generalized Lithology and Lithogeochemical Character of Near-Surface Bedrock in the New England Region
Generalized Lithology and Lithogeochemical Character of Near-Surface Bedrock in the New England Region G.R. Robinson, Jr. and K.E. Kapo, 2003 USGS Digital Open-File Report 03-225 Description: Abstract: This geographic information system (GIS) data layer shows the dominant lithology and geochemical, termed lithogeochemical, character of near-surface bedrock in the New England region covering the states of Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island,and Vermont. The bedrock units in the map are generalized into groups (rock groups) based on lithological composition, geochemistry, and geologic province divisions by time-stratigraphic groups that share common features of (1) age of formation, (2) geologic setting, (3) tectonic history, and (4) lithology. Purpose: This data layer portrays the general lithologic and geochemical(lithogeochemical) character of the near-surface bedrock in New England. The geologic characterization provided in this classification is intended to portray significant bedrock geologic features that influence stream sediment and soil chemistry and water quality in relation to near-surface bedrock units. The term near- surface bedrock in this report refers to bedrock (lithified rock) deposits generally with 60 feet or less of overlying glacial or other unconsolidated surficial deposits and to bedrock depths of 500 feet or less, which represents the typical depth range of most drilled bedrock water wells in the region. The thickness of Quaternary sediments 1 overlying bedrock is generally less than 60 feet in the New England states (Soller, 1993). The digital geologic data provided in this report has grouped and generalized some of the bedrock units shown on the individual state- level bedrock geologic maps, and does not portray all of the detail shown on the state maps. -
B5-1 Causes and Consequences of the Triassic-Jurassic Mass Extinction As
B5-1 CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF THE TRIASSIC-JURASSIC MASS EXTINCTION AS SEEN FROM THE HARTFORD BASIN by Paul E. Olsen and Jessica H. Whiteside, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964 Philip Huber, PO Box 1036, Faribault, MN 55021 INTRODUCTION One of the most severe mass extinctions of the Phanerozoic, the Triassic-Jurassic event is greater or equal in magnitude to that at the more famous K-T boundary (Benton, 1994) (Fig. 1). Such severity, at least for marine families is also supported by Foote’s (2003) statistical revaluations, although there remain dissenters (e.g. Hallam, 2002; Lucas et al., 2002). The cause of this mass-extinction remains hotly debated; explanations include sea-level change (Hallam, 1990), a methane- and CO2- generated super-greenhouse triggered by flood basalt eruptions (McElwain et al., 1999; Hesselbo et al., 2002), and bolide impacts (Olsen et al., 1987). During the Triassic, all major extant groups of terrestrial vertebrates evolved, including dinosaurs (whose descendants survive as birds) and mammals. The Triassic-Jurassic mass extinction may have cleared ecological space for the rise of dinosaur dominance much as the K-T mass extinction prepared the way for mammalian ecological ascent (Olsen et al., 2003a). In this guidebook, we will examine outcrops, exposures, cores, and fossils that provide important new clues about the major features of the Triassic-Jurassic boundary and subsequent events in the Hartford basin, a rich source for data on continental ecosystems during this evolutionary transition. We will focus not just on the physical and biological record of the boundary, but on the post-boundary events, especially those recorded within and above the basin’s extrusive zone which may have been characterized by a super-greenhouse environment. -
Guide to the Redbeds of Central Connecticut: 1978 Field Trip
GUIDE TO THE REDBEDS OF CENTRAL CONNECTICUT By John F. Hubert Alan A. Reed Wayne L. Dowdall J. Michael Gilchrist 1978 FIELD TRIP EASTERN SECTION OF THE SOCIETY OF ECONOMIC PALEONTOLOGISTS AND MINERALOGISTS Contribution No. 32 Department of Geology and Geography University of Massachusetts Amherst, Massachusetts April, 1978 ii iii DEDICATION This guidebook is dedicated to the memory of Paul D. Krynine (1902-1964), superb teacher and researcher at The Pennsylvania State University and the foremost sedimentary petrographer of his day. His pioneering 1950 monograph "Petrology, stratigraphy, and origin of the Triassic sedi mentary rocks of Connecticut" provides inspiration and a solid foundation for the subsequent advances in our under standing of the sedimentology of the redbed sequence of the Connecticut Valley. iv v TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION • •.....••••...•••••.•.•••....••....•.. e • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • iii TABLE OF CONTENTS. • • • . • • • • . • . • • . • • • . • . • . • • . • . • • . • • . v LIST OF FIGURES . ..•.•....•.••••.••.•.••..••••.•..••...••••...•..• viii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . , •• , , ... , , .••• , , ...••• , . , . • • . • . • . • . • . • • . • xi OBJECTIVES OF THE TRIP •..•...•• • . • • . • . • . • . • . • 1 REGIOl'iAL SETTING. • . 1 ABSTRACT OF THE PALEOGEOGRAPHIC HISTORY ..•.•...••••...••....•..•. 5 STOP 1. PORTLAND ARKOSE, DURIIAM •..••...•.••.••...•...•••••••••.. 9 Location. 9 Introduction................................................ 9 Objective of Stop 1 ..... " ................................... 10 Description -
Effects of Heat-Flow and Hydrothermal Fluids from Volcanic Intrusions on Authigenic Mineralization in Sandstone Formations
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2002, 16(1), 37-52. ISSN 1011-3924 Printed in Ethiopia ã 2002 Chemical Society of Ethiopia EFFECTS OF HEAT-FLOW AND HYDROTHERMAL FLUIDS FROM VOLCANIC INTRUSIONS ON AUTHIGENIC MINERALIZATION IN SANDSTONE FORMATIONS Wolela Ahmed * Department of Petroleum Operations, Ministry of Mines, P.O. Box 486, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Received December 8, 2000; revised April 26, 2002) ABSTRACT. Volcanic intrusions and hydrothermal activity have modified the diagenetic minerals. In the Ulster Basin, UK, most of the authigenic mineralization in the Permo-Triassic sandstones pre-dated tertiary volcanic intrusions. The hydrothermal fluids and heat-flow from the volcanic intrusions did not affect quartz and feldspar overgrowths. However, clay mineral- transformation, illite-smectite to illite and chlorite was documented near the volcanic intrusions. Abundant actinolite, illite, chlorite, albite and laumontite cementation of the sand grains were also documented near the volcanic intrusions. The abundance of these cementing minerals decreases away from the volcanic intrusions. In the Hartford Basin, USA, the emplacement of the volcanic intrusions took place simultaneous with sedimentation. The heat-flow from the volcanic intrusions and hydrothermal activity related to the volcanics modified the texture of authigenic minerals. Microcrystalline mosaic albite and quartz developed rather than overgrowths and crystals near the intrusions. Chlorite clumps and masses were also documented with microcrystalline mosaic albite and quartz. These features are localized near the basaltic intrusions. Laumontite is also documented near the volcanic intrusions. The reservoir characteristics of the studied sandstone formations are highly affected by the volcanic and hydrothermal fluids in the Hartford and the Ulster Basin. The porosity dropped from 27.4 to zero percent and permeability from 1350 mD to 1 mD. -
Paleontology and Paleoecology of the Newark Supergroup (Early Mesozoic, Eastern N0,Rth America)
Chapter 8 Paleontology and paleoecology of the Newark Supergroup (early Mesozoic, eastern N0,rth America) PAUL E. OLSEN ABSTRACT The diverse depositional environments and rich fossil assemblages of the early Mesozoic Newark Supergroup of eastern North America can be subdivided into six broad environmental categories ranging from fault-scarp breccias in synsedimentary grabens developed directly along master boundary fault zones to deep-water zones of lakes. Each environmental category is characterized by its own range of taxa and modes of preservation. Environmental zones, except those directly caused by faulting, shifted laterally as lake levels rose and fell. Overt analogy between the lower trophic levels of aquatic ecosystems of modern lakes and those of the early Mesozoic is not appropriate. Diatoms were absent from the phytoplankton and large (0.3 - 1.0 cm) clam-shrimp comprised most of the zooplankton in Newark lakes, despite the abundant planktivorous fish. Like their modern counterparts, however, early Mesozoic ecosystems responded to a hierarchy of extrinsic en- vironmental perturbations. Longer-term perturbations which left marked records in Newark Supergroup records in- clude cyclical climate change controlled by orbital variations and perhaps the consequences of an asteroid impact. These perturbations affected the evolution and extinction of organisms and the metabolism of ecosystems in ways that differ both in magnitude and kind. The evolution of fish species-flocks and mass extinction at the Triassic - Jurassic boundary are but two examples at distant ends of the spectrum. Introduction The Newark Supergroup of eastern North America (Fig. 8-1) consists of the remnants of the fill of rift basins formed during the 45 million years of crustal thinning and stretching which led up to the Middle Jurassic breakup of Laurasia and the formation of the earliest oceanic crust. -
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Cyclo-, Magneto-, and Bio-Stratigraphic Constraints on the Duration of the CAMP Event and its Relationship to the Triassic-Jurassic Boundary Paul E. 0lsen1, Dennis V. ~ent2,Mohammed ~t-~ouhami3,John ~uffei-4 Early Mesozoic tholeiitic flood basalts of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP) are interbedded throughout much of their extent with cyclical lacustrine strata, allowing Milankovitch calibration of the duration of the extrusive episode. This cyclostratigraphy extends from the Newark basin of the northeastern US, where it was first worked out, to Nova Scotia and Morocco and constrains the outcropping extrusive event to less than 600 ky in duration, beginning roughly 20 ky after the Triassic-Jurassic boundary, and to within one pollen and spore zone and one vertebrate biochron. Based principally on the well-known Newark astronomically calibrated magnetic polarity time scale with new additions from the Hartford basin, the rather large scatter in recent radiometric dates from across CAMP (>lo m.y. ), centering on about -200 m.y., is not likely to be real. Rather, the existing paleomagnetic data from both intrusive and extrusive rocks suggest emplacement of nearly all the CAMP within less than 3 m.y. of nearly entirely normal polarity. The very few examples of reversed magnetizations suggest that some CAMP activity probably occurred just prior to the Triassic-Jurassic boundary. Published paleomagnetic and ^~rft^~rdata from the Clubhouse Crossroads Basalt are reviewed and with new paleomagnetic data suggest that alteration and possible core misorientation could be responsible for the apparent differences with the CAMP. The Clubhouse Crossroads Basalt at the base of the Coastal Plain of South Carolina and Georgia provides a link to the volumetrically massive volcanic wedge of seaward dipping reflectors present in the subsurface off the southeastern US that may be part of the same igneous event, suggesting that the CAMP marks the formation of the oldest Atlantic oceanic crust.