DOCSLIB.ORG

Bedrock Geology of the Southbury Quadrangle

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Bedrock Geology of the Southbury Quadrangle Open Plate 1 Open Plate 1B Open Plate 2 STATE GEOLOGICAL AND NATURAL HISTORY SURVEY OF CONNECTICUT DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION The Bedrock Geology of the Southbury Quadrangle ROBERT B. SCOTT Texas A & M University 1974 QUADRANGLE REPORT NO. 30 ------------------------- STATE GEOLOGICAL AND NATURAL HISTORY SURVEY OF CONNECTICUT DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION Honorable Thomas J. Meskill, Governor of Connecticut Douglas M. Costle, Commissioner of the Department of Environmental Protection BOARD OF ADVISORS Dr. Richard H. Goodwin, Department of Botany, Connecticut College Dr. John Rodgers, Department of Geology, Yale University Dr. James A. Slater, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Connecticut DIRECTOR Joe Webb Peoples, Ph.D. Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut EDITOR Lou Williams Page, Ph.D. DISTRIBUTION AND EXCHANGE AGENT Walter Brahm, State Librarian State Library, Hartford 11 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Financial support for mapping the Southbury quadrangle during the summers of 1967, 1968, and 1969 was provided by the Connecticut Geological and Natural History Survey. I gratefully acknowledge this support and thank Joe Webb Peoples, director of the Survey, for his encouragement and advice. Lectures, seminars, and discussions with John Rodgers and Richard Armstrong at Yale University first stimulated my interest in this part of the Appalachian fold belt. Numerous field trips led by researchers active in western Connecticut, including John Rodgers, James Dieterich, William Crowley, Philip Orville, Leo Hall, Rosemary Yidale, David Hewitt, Rolfe Stanley, Robert Gates and George Heyl, among others, were extremely beneficial. The field assistance of William Raymond during the summer of 1968 contributed significantly to the mapping project. Steven Schamel, Donald Bachinski, Norman Hatch, Rolfe Stanley, and Bruce O'Connor made valuable suggestions and observations during the mapping of the Southbury quadrangle. Constructive criticism by John Rodgers of Yale University, Rolfe Stanley of the University of Vermont, and Norman Hatch of the U. S. Geological Survey added considerably to the clarity and substance of this report. Robert B. Scott College Station, Texas October 10, 1973 lll TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Abstract ............................................................................................................................. I Introduction .......................................................................................................... ............. 3 Location ......................................................................................................................... 3 Topography and drainage .............................................................................................. 3 Previous work ................................................................................................................ 4 Regional setting ..................................................... _...................................................... 4 Petrographic methods .................................................................................................... 5 Conventions and abbreviations ...................................................................................... 7 Metamorphic stratigraphy ................................................................................................. 8 Waterbury Formation .................................................................................................... 9 General discussion ...................................................................................................... 9 Lithology .................................................................................................................... 11 Origin and age ............................................................................................................ 12 Hartland Unit II ............................................................................................................ 14 General discussion ...................................................................................................... 14 Lithology .................................................................................................................... 15 Origin ......................................................................................................................... 16 Hartland Unit I .............................................................................................................. 17 General discussion ...................................................................................................... 17 Lithology .................................................................................................................... 17 Origin ......................................................................................................................... 19 Collinsville Formation ................................................................................................... 20 General discussion ...................................................................................................... 20 Lithology .................................................................................................................... 20 Origin ......................................................................................................................... 22 Unnamed amphibolites, quartzites, and marbles ............................................................ 22 Straits Schist .................................................................................................................. 23 General discussion ...................................................................................................... 23 Lithology .................................................................................................................... 24 Origin ......................................................................................................................... 25 Alternative stratigraphic scheme .................................................................................... 25 Pre-Triassic igneous rocks ................................................................................................. 26 Newtown Gneiss ............................................................................................................. 26 General discussion ...................................................................................................... 26 Granitic body ............................................................................................................. 26 Granodioritic body ..................................................................................................... 27 Nonporphyritic granites and granodiorites .................................................................... 27 Amphibolites .................................................................................................................. 28 Pegmatites ... ......... .... .. .......... .............. ............. ..... .......... ........... .......... .... ...... .. .... 29 Ultramafic body ............................................................................................................. 29 Post-orogenic Paleozoic igneous rocks .......................................................................... 29 Sequence of Paleozoic igneous events ............................................................................ 30 Triassic rocks ..................................................................................................................... · 30 Structural geology ........................................................ .... ... ...... ......................... ........... 35 General discussion .......................................................................................................... 35 Sequence of fold events.................................................................................................. 37 Styles of folds ................................................................................................................ 44 High-angle faults ............................................................................................................ 47 Joints ............. ...... ......... .......... ............... .......... ...... ... .. ... .... ........... .... .. ....... ............... 49 Correlation between aeromagnetic map and structural patterns .................................... 49 IV Metamorphism .................................................................................................................. 50 General discussion .......................................................................................................... 50 Coexistence of sillimanite and kyanite ........................................................................... 50 Staurolite stability .......................................................................................................... 51 Aluminous assemblages .................................................................................................. 51 Metasomatism .. ...... .... .. .......... .. ..... ... ... .... .. .. .. .......... ..... ... ......... .. .......... .... .. ... ......... ..... 55 Summary of metamorphism .... .. ...... .. .. ........ ........ .. ...... ............. ...... .. .. ......... ........ .. ... 55 Economic geology .. ........ ......... ........... .........
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A History of Connecticut's Long Island Sound Boundary
    The Catholic University of America, Columbus School of Law CUA Law Scholarship Repository Scholarly Articles and Other Contributions Faculty Scholarship 1972 A History of Connecticut's Long Island Sound Boundary Raymond B. Marcin The Catholic University of America, Columbus School of Law Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.edu/scholar Part of the Legal History Commons Recommended Citation Raymond B. Marcin, A History of Connecticut's Long Island Sound Boundary, 46 CONN. B.J. 506 (1972). This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Scholarship at CUA Law Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Scholarly Articles and Other Contributions by an authorized administrator of CUA Law Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 506 CONNECTICUT BAR JOURNAL [Vol. 46 A HISTORY OF CONNECTICUT'S LONG ISLAND SOUND BOUNDARY By RAYMOND B. MARciN* THE SCENEt Long before remembered time, ice fields blanketed central India, discharging floes into a sea covering the Plains of Punjab. The Argentine Pampas lay frozen and still beneath a crush of ice. Ice sheets were carving their presence into the highest mountains of Hawaii and New Guinea. On the western land mass, ice gutted what was, in pre-glacial time, a stream valley near the northeastern shore. In this alien epoch, when woolly mammoth and caribou roamed the North American tundra, the ice began to melt. Receding glaciers left an inland lake where the primeval stream valley had been. For a time the waters of the lake reposed in bo- real calm, until, with the melting of the polar cap, the level of the great salt ocean rose to the level of the lake.
    [Show full text]
  • The Moenave Formation: Sedimentologic and Stratigraphic Context of the Triassic–Jurassic Boundary in the Four Corners Area, Southwestern U.S.A
    Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 244 (2007) 111–125 www.elsevier.com/locate/palaeo The Moenave Formation: Sedimentologic and stratigraphic context of the Triassic–Jurassic boundary in the Four Corners area, southwestern U.S.A. ⁎ Lawrence H. Tanner a, , Spencer G. Lucas b a Department of Biology, Le Moyne College, 1419 Salt Springs Road, Syracuse, NY 13214, USA b New Mexico Museum of Natural History, 1801 Mountain Road, N.W., Albuquerque, NM 87104, USA Received 20 February 2005; accepted 20 June 2006 Abstract The Moenave Formation was deposited during latest Triassic to earliest Jurassic time in a mosaic of fluvial, lacustrine, and eolian subenvironments. Ephemeral streams that flowed north-northwest (relative to modern geographic position) deposited single- and multi-storeyed trough cross-bedded sands on an open floodplain. Sheet flow deposited mainly silt across broad interchannel flats. Perennial lakes, in which mud, silt and carbonate were deposited, formed on the terminal floodplain; these deposits experienced episodic desiccation. Winds that blew dominantly east to south-southeast formed migrating dunes and sand sheets that were covered by low-amplitude ripples. The facies distribution varies greatly across the outcrop belt. The lacustrine facies of the terminal floodplain are limited to the northern part of the study area. In a southward direction along the outcrop belt (along the Echo Cliffs and Ward Terrace in Arizona), dominantly fluvial–lacustrine and subordinate eolian facies grade mainly to eolian dune and interdune facies. This transition records the encroachment of the Wingate erg. Moenave outcrops expose a north–south lithofacies gradient from distal, (erg margin) to proximal (erg interior). The presence of ephemeral stream and lake deposits, abundant burrowing and vegetative activity, and the general lack of strongly developed aridisols or evaporites suggest a climate that was seasonally arid both before and during deposition of the Moenave and the laterally equivalent Wingate Sandstone.
    [Show full text]
  • Perennial Lakes As an Environmental Control on Theropod Movement in the Jurassic of the Hartford Basin
    geosciences Article Perennial Lakes as an Environmental Control on Theropod Movement in the Jurassic of the Hartford Basin Patrick R. Getty 1,*, Christopher Aucoin 2, Nathaniel Fox 3, Aaron Judge 4, Laurel Hardy 5 and Andrew M. Bush 1,6 1 Center for Integrative Geosciences, University of Connecticut, 354 Mansfield Road, U-1045, Storrs, CT 06269, USA 2 Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati, 500 Geology Physics Building, P.O. Box 210013, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; [email protected] 3 Environmental Systems Graduate Group, University of California, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, CA 95340, USA; [email protected] 4 14 Carleton Street, South Hadley, MA 01075, USA; [email protected] 5 1476 Poquonock Avenue, Windsor, CT 06095, USA; [email protected] 6 Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 75 North Eagleville Road, U-3403, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-413-348-6288 Academic Editors: Neil Donald Lewis Clark and Jesús Martínez Frías Received: 2 February 2017; Accepted: 14 March 2017; Published: 18 March 2017 Abstract: Eubrontes giganteus is a common ichnospecies of large dinosaur track in the Early Jurassic rocks of the Hartford and Deerfield basins in Connecticut and Massachusetts, USA. It has been proposed that the trackmaker was gregarious based on parallel trackways at a site in Massachusetts known as Dinosaur Footprint Reservation (DFR). The gregariousness hypothesis is not without its problems, however, since parallelism can be caused by barriers that direct animal travel. We tested the gregariousness hypothesis by examining the orientations of trackways at five sites representing permanent and ephemeral lacustrine environments.
    [Show full text]
  • Bedrock Valleys of the New England Coast As Related to Fluctuations of Sea Level
    Bedrock Valleys of the New England Coast as Related to Fluctuations of Sea Level By JOSEPH E. UPSON and CHARLES W. SPENCER SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 454-M Depths to bedrock in coastal valleys of New England, and nature of sedimentary Jill resulting from sea-level fluctuations in Pleistocene and Recent time UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1964 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STEWART L. UDALL, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Thomas B. Nolan, Director The U.S. Geological Survey Library has cataloged this publication, as follows: Upson, Joseph Edwin, 1910- Bedrock valleys of the New England coast as related to fluctuations of sea level, by Joseph E. Upson and Charles W. Spencer. Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1964. iv, 42 p. illus., maps, diagrs., tables. 29 cm. (U.S. Geological Survey. Professional paper 454-M) Shorter contributions to general geology. Bibliography: p. 39-41. (Continued on next card) Upson, Joseph Edwin, 1910- Bedrock valleys of the New England coast as related to fluctuations of sea level. 1964. (Card 2) l.Geology, Stratigraphic Pleistocene. 2.Geology, Stratigraphic Recent. S.Geology New England. I.Spencer, Charles Winthrop, 1930-joint author. ILTitle. (Series) For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 CONTENTS Page Configuration and depth of bedrock valleys, etc. Con. Page Abstract.__________________________________________ Ml Buried valleys of the Boston area. _ _______________
    [Show full text]
  • Bedrock Geologic Map of the New Milford Quadrangle, Litchfield and Fairfield Counties, Connecticut
    U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Prepared in cooperation with the State of Connecticut, Geological and Natural History Survey BEDROCK GEOLOGIC MAP OF THE NEW MILFORD QUADRANGLE, LITCHFIELD AND FAIRFIELD COUNTIES, CONNECTICUT By Gregory J. Walsh1 Open-File Report 03-487 This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards (or with the North American Stratigraphic Code). Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. ______________________________________________________________________________ 1U.S. Geological Survey P.O. Box 628 Montpelier, Vermont 05601 The map and database of this report are available online at: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/of03-487/ USGS Open File Report 03-487 On the cover: Photograph of Lake Candlewood from Hubbell Hill in Sherman. View is to the south. Green Island and Deer Island are visible in the center of the view. The Vaughns Neck peninsula is visible on the left side of the photograph. Bedrock Geologic Map of the New Milford Quadrangle, Litchfield and Fairfield Counties, Connecticut 2 USGS Open File Report 03-487 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 4 STRATIGRAPHY .......................................................................................................................... 6 MESOPROTEROZOIC GNEISS..............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • GEOLOGY and GROUND WATER RESOURCE S of Stutsman County, North Dakota
    North Dakota Geological Survey WILSON M. LAIRD, State Geologis t BULLETIN 41 North Dakota State Water Conservation Commission MILO W . HOISVEEN, State Engineer COUNTY GROUND WATER STUDIES 2 GEOLOGY AND GROUND WATER RESOURCE S of Stutsman County, North Dakota Part I - GEOLOG Y By HAROLD A. WINTERS GRAND FORKS, NORTH DAKOTA 1963 This is one of a series of county reports which wil l be published cooperatively by the North Dakota Geological Survey and the North Dakota State Water Conservation Commission in three parts . Part I is concerned with geology, Part II, basic data which includes information on existing well s and test drilling, and Part III which will be a study of hydrology in the county . Parts II and III will be published later and will be distributed a s soon as possible . CONTENTS PAGE ABSTRACT 1 INTRODUCTION 3 Acknowledgments 3 Previous work 5 GEOGRAPHY 5 Topography and drainage 5 Climate 7 Soils and vegetation 9 SUMMARY OF THE PRE-PLEISTOCENE STRATIGRAPHY 9 Precambrian 1 1 Paleozoic 1 1 Mesozoic 1 1 PREGLACIAL SURFICIAL GEOLOGY 12 Niobrara Shale 1 2 Pierre Shale 1 2 Fox Hills Sandstone 1 4 Fox Hills problem 1 4 BEDROCK TOPOGRAPHY 1 4 Bedrock highs 1 5 Intermediate bedrock surface 1 5 Bedrock valleys 1 5 GLACIATION OF' NORTH DAKOTA — A GENERAL STATEMENT 1 7 PLEISTOCENE SEDIMENTS AND THEIR ASSOCIATED LANDFORMS 1 8 Till 1 8 Landforms associated with till 1 8 Glaciofluvial :materials 22 Ice-contact glaciofluvial sediments 2 2 Landforms associated with ice-contact glaciofluvial sediments 2 2 Proglacial fluvial sediments 2 3 Landforms associated with proglacial fluvial sediments 2 3 Lacustrine sediments 2 3 Landforms associated with lacustrine sediments 2 3 Other postglacial sediments 2 4 ANALYSIS OF THE SURFICIAL TILL IN STUTSMAN COUNTY 2 4 Leaching and caliche 24 Oxidation 2 4 Stone counts 2 5 Lignite within till 2 7 Grain-size analyses of till _ 2 8 Till samples from hummocky stagnation moraine 2 8 Till samples from the Millarton, Eldridge, Buchanan and Grace Cit y moraines and their associated landforms _ .
    [Show full text]
  • Geologic Resources Inventory Report, Weir
    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Weir Farm National Historic Site Geologic Resources Inventory Report Natural Resource Report NPS/NRSS/GRD/NRR—2012/487 ON THE COVER View of Julian Alden Weir’s studio in Weir Farm National Historic Site. Rock outcrops, such as those in the foreground, are common throughout the park. The bedrock beneath the park is ancient sea floor sediments that were accreted onto North America, hundreds of millions of years ago. They were deformed and metamorphosed during the construction of the Appalachian Mountains. Photograph by Peter Margonelli, courtesy Allison Herrmann (Weir Farm NHS). THIS PAGE The landscape of the park has inspired artists en plein air for more than 125 years. National Park Service photograph available online: http://www.nps.gov/wefa/photosmultimedia/index.htm (accessed 20 January 2012). Weir Farm National Historic Site Geologic Resources Inventory Report Natural Resource Report NPS/NRSS/GRD/NRR—2012/487 National Park Service Geologic Resources Division PO Box 25287 Denver, CO 80225 January 2012 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science office in Fort Collins, Colorado publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Report Series is used to disseminate high-priority, current natural resource management information with managerial application.
    [Show full text]
  • Basalts of the Pomperaug Basin, Southwestern Connecticut: Regional, Stratigraphic and Petrologic Features
    EARLY MESOZOIC BASALTS OF THE POMPERAUG BASIN, SOUTHWESTERN CONNECTICUT: REGIONAL, STRATIGRAPHIC AND PETROLOGIC FEATURES J. Gregory McHone, Ph.D., C.P.G. Adjunct Professor of Geology University of Connecticut TABLE OF CONTENTS Summary p. 3 Acknowledgments p. 3 Introduction p. 5 Mesozoic Basins p. 5 Field Studies p. 10 Percival, 1842 p. 10 Davis, 1888 p. 10 Hobbs, 1901 p. 12 Meinzer and Sterns, 1929 p. 14 Schutz, 1956 p. 14 Scott, 1974 p. 14 Rodgers, 1985 p. 15 Other work p. 15 Huber, LeTourneau, and McDonald p. 15 South Britain Section p. 16 Southbury Quarry p. 17 Woodbury Quarry p. 19 Orenaug Hills p. 20 Petrography p. 21 Chemistry p. 23 Discussion p. 24 Conclusions p. 24 References and Additional Bibliography p. 25 Plate 1. Geologic Map by Hobbs, 1901 p. 29 Plate II. Geologic Map by Meinzer and Sterns, 1929 (Excerpt) p. 30 Plate III. Geologic Map by Schutz, 1956 p. 31 Plate IV. Geologic Map by Scott, 1974 (Excerpt) p. 32 Plate V. Geologic Map by Rodgers, 1985 (Excerpt) p. 33 Appendix I. Oil well article by Hovey, 1890 p. 34 Appendix II. NEGSA by Hubert and others, 1979 p. 35 Appendix III. NEGSA abstract by Hurtubise and Puffer, 1983 p. 36 Appendix IV. NEGSA abstract by Tolley, 1986 p. 36 Appendix IV. NEGSA abstract by Huber and McDonald, 1992 p. 37 Appendix VI. NEGSA abstract by LeTourneau and Huber, 1997 p. 37 Appendix VII. NEGSA abstract by Blevins-Walker and others, 2001 p. 38 Appendix VIII. NEGSA abstract by LeTourneau, 2002 p. 39 Appendix IX. Table of Chemical Analyses by Philpotts and others, 1996 p.
    [Show full text]
  • Guide to the Mesozoic Redbeds of Central Connecticut
    I I I Guide to the Mesozoic Redheds I of I Central Connecticut I JOHN F. HUBERT, ALAN A. REED, I WAYNE L. DOWDALL, and J. MICHAEL GILCHRIST I I I STATE GEOLOGICAL AND NATURAL HISTORY SURVEY OF CONNECTICUT DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 1978 GUIDEBOOK NO. 4 On the cover: In the early morning along the shore of on East Berlin Lake, the 7-m phytosour Rutiodon snatches a Semionotus from the sho I lows. The tall horsetail Equisetum and cycad Otozomiles thrive in the wet mud of the lake strand. Stands of the conifer Aroucarioxylon tower 60 m high along the distant horizon on sandy soils of the well drained uplands. The dinosaur Eubronfes passed this way the previous evening. Sketch by Amy S. Hubert STATE GEOLOGICAL AND NATURAL HISTORY SURVEY OF CONNECTICUT DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION } } ] GUIDE TO THE MESOZOIC REDBEDS OF CENTRAL CONNECTICUT JOHN F. HUBERT J University of Massachusetts ALAN A. REED ) Chevron Oil Company WAYNE L • DOWDALL Weston Geophysical Resea:t>ch J. MICHAEL GILCHRIST Texaco Oil Company ,-------,_r-- -----------, i 1 i I 1 I ~ l ; .J J 1978 J GUIDEBOOK NO. 4 J J ii STATE GEOLOGICAL AND NATURAL HISTORY SURVEY OF CONNECTICUT THE NATURAL RESOURCES CENTER DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION Honorable Ella Grasso, Governor of Connecticut Stanley J. Pac, Connnissioner of the Department of Environmental Protection STATE GEOLOGIST DIRECTOR, NATURAL RESOURCES CENTER Hugo F. Thomas, Ph.D. This guidebook is a reprint of "Guide to the Redbeds of Central Connecticut: 1978 Field Trip, Eastern Section of the Society of Economic Mineralogists and Paleontologists." It was originally published as Contribution No.
    [Show full text]
  • A Bibliography of Publications Relating to Water Resources in Connecticut, 1900-1970 William C
    University of Connecticut OpenCommons@UConn Special Reports Connecticut Institute of Water Resources June 1970 A Bibliography of Publications Relating to Water Resources in Connecticut, 1900-1970 William C. Kennard Institute of Water Resources Jane S. Fisher Institute of Water Resources Follow this and additional works at: https://opencommons.uconn.edu/ctiwr_specreports Recommended Citation Kennard, William C. and Fisher, Jane S., "A Bibliography of Publications Relating to Water Resources in Connecticut, 1900-1970" (1970). Special Reports. 8. https://opencommons.uconn.edu/ctiwr_specreports/8 I~:-,:: ,i~i ~a~f~xi-~:- - -~~;, - ., ,ifP~t- ,ii~ -Zi ·#- r. -, ,;i;_ n_ - ,1: ri_ ~ .- ~ - _i~,` I . - -I-: 4t-j . -~~~~ ,-. ;~~~~~~t-,I I I~~~~~~_: . -Y -5-- ,-, -3 t - - ~~~~~~-~~~.-,I.W ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ `_ ~ ~ ~~~~~ i-2.,, _~- -, -~- w ", --- ,'~,,~~--I ~l. ::, 'I ~ l--i-- iii- _'~._~~,__. ._, ~ ~ ~ - A-, !~._, ,--i-izs-- `11~ c. ?.-,; i,!·- -?-~' -7 ~ ~ '4 ,fc·v~~, _1, ~- - ,~, l ~-%~~~~ -- s:_ , _-11-~Iv ~ ---" ~ ~, ~ ~ .k~~~ -"- , --- -,- ", _n, -, _~~~~~~__l1-.7-I- j-_ t,- _~~~~~~2~~--_,~~~~. -",7 -~ i --,.~~~~t: !~,~ -. - .~- lkz~,~ ,_~,, __.. ~~I --,I ~,!:f~c-, ~~~~~~~,~ ~~~~~~~~,~~~-_'-_- ~~ -, - ' ·-I-b _-! - wv;-n7:.,.,- , ''..; :~·- :~~~~~~~~~~~~~i-- ill~,-:: ~- 4ut -- ~ ,, ~ ~ ---.:--'4~~.AC-W `: ~ ~ ~ ~ ,V~~~i.-- -~~~~ ~ ~ ~ - ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~-- ~~~Z-~;W'i- , . ~ - ~ !"''~~-~~-,~~r,--,i:1,3~~,fpf',~,':.--,~,,-,,-,"'-'v~_ 7,-, ,.,- "T - , ~ & ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ .-. t y~_`_1,1 , . -11~.~;,, I-.___;!i i 'I,.,: , P~'., ,~: ,''.-.~~:: --7 _ -.i, ; a , . -~- ~ - ` ~:- I ; - iIas,.,.f_.~_ ~ :~ ~ ~ ~ ,- , t-,i---!r,~ !4 , - _ -. _ i..n~ , ,, ~ ~ ~:-t~~,~-,_-- ~ , - ~ -,~~,_-- , * ,- Z- ,--- ~ _,-~ ~ _-- ,~",i-,d.,- ,,- . ,, .:,, , I_,-f7 , __" ~ ~~~ , - :, -i~:7%..~ -, -- ~ i W, s-,i,":, -I .-- ,-. I, ,"I- , - "__.1 _ _- -~-~ -t~ ,-.'.'~-~ -~ ,,~i- ~,~: --, ~ ~ -, -_- ;-,- ;~,11~l!~_!D__ __6, -, I , -- I- ',1-1 I.
    [Show full text]
  • Improving Hydric Soil Identification in Areas Containing Problematic Red Parent Materials: a Nationwide Collaborative Mapping Approach
    Wetlands https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-018-1114-6 APPLIED WETLAND SCIENCE Improving Hydric Soil Identification in Areas Containing Problematic Red Parent Materials: a Nationwide Collaborative Mapping Approach Sara C. Mack1 & Jacob F. Berkowitz2 & Martin C. Rabenhorst1 Received: 9 July 2018 /Accepted: 18 November 2018 # The Author(s) 2018 Abstract Hydric soil identification utilizes diagnostic morphologic features, including iron transformations, resulting from anaerobic condi- tions. However, soils derived from some red parent materials (RPM) fail to develop characteristic hydric soils morphologies, confounding hydric soil and wetland delineation. Laboratory and field methods addressing resistant RPM soils exist, but application remains limited by uncertainty regarding problematic RPM distribution. In response, a collaborative effort (>50 participants) docu- mented problematic RPM distribution across the contiguous United States. Specifically, >1100 samples from >450 locations underwent laboratory analysis using the Color Change Propensity Index to identify problematic RPM soils. Geospatial analysis linked verified problematic soils with associated geologic units and soil series, generating maps of RPM distribution. Potential problematic RPM was identified in the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic, Great Lakes, South-central, and Desert Southwest-Western Mountains (problematic RPM regions herein), encompassing diverse groups of soils and parent materials. Despite the observed variability in soil characteristics, results suggest that problematic RPM was consistently derived from sedimentary, hematite-rich red bed formations developed where deposition of terrestrial sediments occurred in near-shore, marginal-marine environments. Understanding problematic RPM soils distribution promotes the appropriate application of existing hydric soil field indicators, including F21 – Red Parent Material, thus improving approaches to hydric soil identification and wetland management. Keywords Hydric soil .
    [Show full text]
  • Geology of Connecticut
    Curriculum Units by Fellows of the Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute 1995 Volume V: The Geological Environment of Connecticut Geology of Connecticut Curriculum Unit 95.05.01 by Lisa Alter The curriculum unit that I am writing has to do with the geology of Connecticut. This includes; plate tectonics,volcanic activity, glaciation, earthquakes, mineral and fossil formation through time. Along with this, “life” in Connecticut through history will be included, and relationships between the topics discussed. This unit is intended for use in an 8th or 9th grade science classroom. It is assumed that the students will have already covered these topics in a global format. Students are fascinated with earthquake and volcanic events that happen all over the world. When these can be “brought home,” and shown to occur in Connecticut, earth science concepts become more relevant and interesting. Included within this unit is a discussion of animals that have roamed Connecticut in the past, including dinosaurs, the most popular creatures that have ever roamed our planet. Students still talk about the movie “Jurassic Park,” and when they find out about dinosaurs such as Eubrontes, their interests peaks. Also, children are fascinated by rocks and minerals. They usually end up with a collection. When rocks and fossils can be studied, tested and discussed in a classroom, students tend to learn and retain more information. In addition, when fossils such as dinosaur bones, footprints and fern imprints are held and looked at up close, they help to fuel a child’s imagination. The geologic history of Connecticut is a long and still active one.
    [Show full text]