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Studi Ketahanan Masyarakat Pesisir Aceh Singkil Terhadap Bencana Tsunami

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Studi Ketahanan Masyarakat Pesisir Aceh Singkil Terhadap Bencana Tsunami TUGAS AKHIR – MO 141326 STUDI KETAHANAN MASYARAKAT PESISIR ACEH SINGKIL TERHADAP BENCANA TSUNAMI TEUKU SULTHAN PURI NRP. 4309 100 701 Dosen Pembimbing Haryo Dwito Armono, S.T., M.Eng., Ph.D. Dr. Ir. Wahyudi, M.Sc. JURUSAN TEKNIK KELAUTAN FAKULTAS TEKNOLOGI KELAUTAN INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI SEPULUH NOPEMBER SURABAYA 2016 FINAL PROJECT – MO 141326 STUDY OF ACEH SINGKIL’S COASTAL COMMUNITY RESILIENCE TO TSUNAMI DISASTER TEUKU SULTHAN PURI NRP. 4309 100 701 Supervisors Haryo Dwito Armono, S.T., M.Eng., Ph.D. Dr. Ir. Wahyudi, M.Sc. OCEAN ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF MARINE TECHNOLOGHY INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI SEPULUH NOPEMBER SURABAYA 2016 STUDI KETAHANAN MASYARAKAT PESISIR ACEH SINGKIL TERHADAP BENCANA TSUNAMI Nama Mahasiswa : Teuku Sulthan Puri NRP : 4309 100 701 Jurusan : Teknik Kelautan FTK - ITS Dosen Pembimbing : Haryo Dwito Armono, ST. M.Eng. Ph.D. Dr. Ir. Wahyudi, M.Sc. ABSTRAK Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara yang memiliki aktivitas ketempatan yang cukup tinggi, dimana di beberapa wilayahnya memiliki potensi untuk terjadi bencana tsunami. Wilayah pesisir Aceh Singkil, yang langsung berhadapan dengan Samudera Hindia sangat rentan terhadap bahaya tsunami. Faktor penyebab utama banyaknya korban jiwa serta kerugian harta benda akibat tsunami adalah kurangnya pemahaman mengenai bencana tsunami. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan satu studi mengenai ketahanan masyarakat pesisir Aceh Singkil terhadap bencana tsunami. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui kesiapan masyarakat pesisir Aceh Singkil dalam menghadapi bencana tsunami, serta memberikan rekomendasi yang dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan ketahanan masyarakat pesisir Aceh Singkil terhadap bencana tsunami. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode yang diadaptasi dari Coastal Community Resilience Guide (Panduan Ketahanan Masyarakat Pesisir) dari NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). Penulis meninjau elemen- elemen penting dari ketahanan masyarakat pesisir melalui data-data yang langsung didapatkan di lapangan. Data tersebut didapatkan dari masyarakat lokal di pesisir Kecamatan Singkil dan Kecamatan Singkil Utara melalui kuesioner dan wawancara, berdasarkan elemen-elemen yang telah ditetapakan sebelumnya. Diketahui bahwa terdapat beberapa elemen ketahanan yang masih berada di bawah standar (3,00) dan membutuhkan perhatian khusus. Elemen tersebut adalah warning and evacuation (sistem peringatan dan evakuasi), dan emergency response (respons terhadap keadaan darurat), dengan nilai 2,57 dan 2,58. iv STUDY OF ACEH SINGKIL’S COASTAL COMMUNITY RESILIENCE TO TSUNAMI DISASTER Srudent’s Name : Teuku Sulthan Puri Reg. Number : 4309 100 701 Department : Teknik Kelautan FTK – ITS Supervisors : Haryo Dwito Armono, ST. M.Eng. Ph.D. Dr. Ir. Wahyudi, M.Sc. ABSTRACT Indonesia is know as a country with high seismicity, which in some regions has the potential of tsunami disaster. Coastal area of Aceh Singkil Regency, which are directly faces the Hindia Ocean are particularly vulnerable to tsunami hazards. Two main factors causing the loss of lives and properties caused by the tsunami are a lack of disaster understanding and preparedness in anticipation of the tsunami. With the previous-mentioned in mind, the study of the Aceh Singkil’s coastal community resilience to tsunami is particularly necessary. This research is conducted to examine the readiness of Aceh Singkil’s coastal community to the tsunami disaster. It also provide some recommendations that can be applied to improve the resilience of castal communities to tsunami at Aceh Singkil Regency. The research has been carried out using the method which is adapted from the Coastal Community Resilience Guide from NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). In more detail, the author reviews the essential elements of coastal community resilience through field data obtained. The field data were collected from coastal communities of Singkil District and North Singkil District through questionnaire and interview, based on predetermined resilience elements. It was found that some resilience elements are still below the standard (3.00) and requires special attention. Those elements are warning and evacuation, and emergency response, which have value of 2.57, and 2.58, respectively. v KATA PENGANTAR Assalammu’alaikum Wr. Wb. Alhamdulilah puji syukur penulis panjatkan kehadirat Allah SWT atas segala limpahan rahmat, hidayat dan karunia-Nya, sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan Tugas Akhir ini dengan baik dan lancar. Tugas Akhir yang berjudul “Studi Ketahanan Masyarakat Pesisir Aceh Singkil Terhadap Bencana Tsunami” ini disusun untuk memenuhi persyaratan dalam menyelesaikan Studi Sarjana (S-1) di jurusan Teknik Kelautan, Fakultas Teknologi Kelautan (FTK), Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya (ITS). Dalam penulisan maupun penyusunan laporan Tugas Akhir ini, penulis menyadari tentunya ada bagian-bagian yang tidak sempurna dalam penjelasan maupun penjabarannya. Oleh karena itu penulis mengharapkan kritikan dan saran yang berguna untuk kesempurnaan laporan ini ke depannya. Semoga laporan ini dapat berguna bagi penulis dan bagi pembaca pada umumnya. Wassalammu’alaikum Wr. Wb. Surabaya, Februari 2016 Teuku Sulthan Puri vi DAFTAR ISI HALAMAN JUDUL .............................................................................................. i COVER PAGE ....................................................................................................... ii ABSTRAK ............................................................................................................ iv ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................ v KATA PENGANTAR .......................................................................................... vi UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH .............................................................................. vii DAFTAR ISI ....................................................................................................... viii DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................................ xi DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................... xii DAFTAR NOTASI ............................................................................................. xiii DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ...................................................................................... xiv BAB I PENDAHULUAN ...................................................................................... 1 1.1 Latar Belakang Masalah ................................................................................ 1 1.2 Perumusan Masalah ....................................................................................... 2 1.3 Tujuan .............................................................................................................. 3 1.4 Manfaat ............................................................................................................ 3 1.5 Batasan Masalah ............................................................................................. 3 BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA DAN DASAR TEORI ..................................... 5 2.1 Tinjauan Pustaka ............................................................................................ 5 2.2 Wilayah Pesisir ................................................................................................ 5 2.3 Tsunami ........................................................................................................... 7 2.4 Coastal Community Resilience .................................................................... 10 Coastal Community Resilience Guide ............................................... 10 Elemen dan Acuan (Benchmark) Kriteria Ketahanan ..................... 13 viii Langkah-langkah Penilaian Ketahanan Masyarakat ...................... 21 2.5 Stratified Random Sampling ....................................................................... 28 Mencari Ukuran Sampel untuk Populasi ......................................... 28 Mencari Ukuran Sampel untuk Sub-Populasi .................................. 29 2.6 Uji Validitas dan Reliabilitas ....................................................................... 29 Uji Validitas ........................................................................................ 29 Uji Reliabilitas .................................................................................... 30 BAB III METODOLOGI .................................................................................... 31 3.1 Metode Penelitian ......................................................................................... 31 3.2 Prosedur Penelitian ....................................................................................... 32 BAB IV KONDISI WILAYAH STUDI ............................................................. 35 4.1 Kabupaten Aceh Singkil ............................................................................... 35 Wilayah Pesisir dan Laut ................................................................... 36 Karakteristik Kependudukan ............................................................. 36 Karateristik Perekonomian ................................................................ 37 Karateristik Pelayanan Sosial – Ekonomi ........................................ 42 4.2 Target Penelitian ........................................................................................... 44 BAB V ANALISIS DAN PEMBAHASAN .......................................................
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