Zootaxa 3721 (5): 401–454 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2013 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3721.5.1 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C4A553C2-C577-4F4F-A0A7-B13D8FC6BC4D Checklist of Turkish Opiinae (, )

AHMET BEYARSLAN1 & MAXIMILIAN FISCHER2 1Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Bitlis Eren University, Bitlis-Turkey. E-mail: [email protected] 2Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Zweite Zoologische Abteilung (Insekten) Burgring 7, A-1010 Wien, Austria. E-mail: [email protected]

Table of contents

Abstract ...... 402 Introduction ...... 402 Material and methods ...... 402 Genus: Atormus van Achterberg, 1997 ...... 403 Genus: Biosteres Foerster, 1862 ...... 404 Subgenus: Biosteres Foerster, s.str...... 404 Subgenus: Chilotrichia Foerster, 1862 ...... 405 Genus: Bitomus Szépligeti, 1910 ...... 408 Genus: Foerster, 1862 ...... 409 Genus: Viereck, 1913 ...... 409 Subgenus: Diachasmimorpha Viereck, 1913 ...... 409 Genus: Eurytenes Foerster, 1862...... 409 Subgenus: Eurytenes Fischer s.str., 1998 ...... 409 Subgenus: Xynobiotenes Fischer, 1998 ...... 410 Subgenus: Jucundopius (Fischer, 1984) ...... 410 Genus: Indiopius Fischer, 1966 ...... 410 Genus: Wesmael, 1835 ...... 411 Subgenus: Agnopius Fischer, 1982 ...... 411 Subgenus: Allophlebus Fischer, 1972 ...... 414 Subgenus: Allotypus Foerster ...... 416 Subgenus: Apodesmia Foerster, 1862 ...... 416 Subgenus: Cryptonastes Foerster, 1862 ...... 417 Subgenus: Cryptognathopius Fischer, 1984 ...... 419 Subgenus: Frekius Fischer, 1971 ...... 419 Subgenus: Gastrosema Fischer, 1972 ...... 419 Subgenus: Hypocyndus Foerster, 1862 ...... 421 Subgenus: Ilicopius Fischer, 1992 ...... 423 Subgenus: Merotrachys Fischer, 1972 ...... 424 Subgenus: Misophthora Foerster, 1862 ...... 424 Subgenus: Nosopaeopius Fischer, 1972 ...... 426 Subgenus: Nosopoea Foerster, 1862 ...... 426 Subgenus: Odontopoea Fischer, 1986 ...... 429 Subgenus: Opiognathus Fischer, 1972 ...... 430 Subgenus: Opiostomus Fischer, 1971 ...... 431 Subgenus: Opiothorax Fischer, 1972 ...... 431 Subgenus: Opius Wesmael, s.str. 1835 ...... 435 Subgenus: Pendopius Fischer, 1972 ...... 439 Subgenus: Phaedrotoma Foerster ...... 439 Subgenus: Rhogadopsis Brèthes ...... 443 Subgenus: Snoflakopius Fischer ...... 443 Subgenus: Tolbia Cameron, 1907 ...... 443 Subgenus: Utetes Foerster, 1862 ...... 444 Subgenus: Xynobius Foerster, 1862 ...... 446 Genus: Psyttalia Walker, 1860 ...... 448 Genus: Sternaulopius Fischer, 1965 ...... 449

Accepted by J. Jennings: 5 Sept. 2013; published: 17 Oct. 2013 401 Discussion ...... 449 Acknowledgements ...... 450 References ...... 450

Abstract

The Opiinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) species recorded from Turkey until the end of 2011 are listed, the present total number being 182. Changes with respect to the previous Turkish fauna are briefly annotated and the distributions for all the species in each of the 68 biogeographical provinces of Turkey are presented. After the publication of our previous fau- na, 174 species have been recorded as new to Turkey. Of these, 105 species are distributed only in Asian Turkey and ten species are distributed only in European Turkey, while 73 species occur in both. The presented checklist covers synonyms, zoogeographical region(s), hosts, host plants of the host species and parasitoid data for the species. In total, 182 species belonging to ten genera are reported for Turkey. The number of species of each genus is represented by: Atormus van Achterberg, 1997: one; Biosteres Foerster, 1862: 17; Bitomus Szépligeti, 1910: three; Diachasma Foer- ster, 1862: one; Diachasmimorpha Viereck, 1913: one; Eurytenes Foerster, 1862: three; Indiopius Fischer, 1966: three; Opius Wesmael, 1835: 151, Psyttalia Walker, 1860: one; Sternaulopius Fischer, 1965: one.

Key words: Hymenoptera, Ichneumonoidea, Braconidae, Braconinae, Turkey, synonym, host

Introduction

Opiinae is a large subfamily, including over 1,863 described species in 33 genera worldwide (Yu et al., 2006). Most opiines are small, squat, and weakly sculptured. They are usually rather uniformly brown or blackish, but a few are more brightly marked with orange or yellow colours. The clypeus is often broadly emarginate, causing a space between it and the mandibles when closed. This opening is usually relatively narrow, but in extreme cases it can lead to confusion with the cyclostome subfamilies, and in particular with Braconinae and Exothecini (Rogadinae), with which all opiines (except Ademon Haliday) share the lack of a prepectal carina. All species of Opiine are solitary koinobiont endoparasitoids of phytophagous Muscomorpha Diptera. Most opiines are generally associated with leafminers, but in warmer climates the subfamily has important associations with fruit (), giving Opiinae a relatively high status with respect to biological pest control. Most species of the genus Opius Wesmael are small and parasitise leaf-mining , though a number of larger species attack leaf-mining Anthomyiidae (Pegomyza Schnabl and Dziedzicki, Chirosia Rondani) and Tephritidae. The opiines that attack agromyzids generally have broader individual host ranges than the dacnusiine alysiines that attack the same host group. They include a group with long ovipositors parasitising hosts in seed heads, but in contrast with dacnusiines, opiines do not appear to have developed specialized forms that parasitise stem-boring hosts (Shaw & Huddleston, 1991). Geographically, Turkey forms a natural bridge between the old world continents of Asia, Africa and Europe. The Anatolian peninsula is the western most point of Asia, divided from Europe by the Bosphorus and Dardanelles straits. Thrace is the western part of Turkey on the European continent. In addition, European Turkey is one of the access points for species arriving from Europe to Anatolia during the recent glaciation (Akçar & Schlüchter, 2005), and the area provides numerous types of habitats for a wide range of plants and (Fig. 1). For his reason, the Opiinae fauna of Turkey is very interesting.

Material and methods

Most of the data for the checklist were assembled from the previously published records by Beyarslan & Inanc (1992), Fischer & Beyarslan (2005a, 2005b, 2012) and Beyarslan & Fischer (2011). Publications consulted for distribution data include Bremer (1950), Cikman et al. (2000, 2006), Fischer (1958, 1960, 1962c, 1972, 1992a, 1992b, 1997, 2004), Fischer & Koponen (1999a, 1999b), Papp (1978,1980, 1982a, 1990), Yildirim et al. (2010). Information on parasitoids, hosts, general distributions (in terms of zoogeographical region) and parasitoids of species were given according to Yu et al. (2006); Fischer (1959e, 1962a, 1962b, 1962d, 1978, 1981a, 1981b,

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