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Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in a Guild of Parasitoids Attacking Anastrepha Fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Northwestern Argentina

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Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in a Guild of Parasitoids Attacking Anastrepha Fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Northwestern Argentina View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by CONICET Digital 410 Florida Entomologist 90(2) June 2007 PRESENCE OF DIACHASMIMORPHA LONGICAUDATA (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE) IN A GUILD OF PARASITOIDS ATTACKING ANASTREPHA FRATERCULUS (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) IN NORTHWESTERN ARGENTINA LUIS E. OROÑO AND SERGIO M. OVRUSKI PROIMI-Biotecnología, División Control Biológico de Plagas, Av. Belgrano y Pje. Caseros T4001MVB San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina The braconid Diachasmimorpha longicaudata rainforest (locally known as “Las Yungas forest”) (Ashmead) is a fruit fly parasitoid native to the (Cabrera 1976). Climate is defined as temperate- Indo-Pacific region, which has been widely dis- hot humid with a summer rainy season (Dec seminated into America via Hawaii (Ovruski et through Mar), winter dry season, and annual al. 2000). It was used in augmentative release rainfall varies from 259 to 1,947 mm. The temper- programs against Anastrepha suspensa (Loew) in ature of the warmest month is >22°C with a mean the United States of America (Florida state) (Siv- annual temperature of 18°C. inski et al. 1996), against Anastrepha ludens The fruit samples consisted of fallen ripe fruit (Loew) and Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart) in (80%) and ripe fruit still on the tree (20%). In the Mexico (Montoya et al. 2000), and against Anas- laboratory, all fruits in the sample were weighed trepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) and Ceratitis and rinsed with a 20% solution of sodium ben- capitata (Wiedemann) in Brazil (Carvalho 2005). zoate, and each fruit was placed in a plastic glass In Mexico, this exotic parasitoid is currently a (250 cm3) with damp sand in the bottom as a pu- common parasitoid species of Anastrepha larvae, pation substrate for fly larvae. Pupae were re- particularly in exotic commercial fruit in the moved weekly and the A. fraterculus and C. capi- state of Veracruz (Sivinski et al. 2000; Sivinski et tata pupae were separated by external pupal al. 2001), and it is also being mass-reared on characters (White & Elson-Harris 1992). Then, A. ludens larvae in the state of Chiapas (Cancino pupae were placed in plastic vials containing ster- et al. 2002; Montoya & Cancino 2004). During ilized humid sand until either a fruit fly or a par- 1961, D. longicaudata and the eulophid Acerato- asitoid emerged. Fruit fly species were identified neuromyia indica (Silvestri) were introduced into by L. Oroño based upon Zucchi’s (2000) taxonomic Argentina from Mexico and released in limited key. Parasitoid specimens were identified to spe- numbers in citrus-growing areas of the north- cies by S. Ovruski with the keys from Wharton & western provinces of Jujuy, Salta, and Tucumán, Marsh (1978), Wharton & Gilstrap (1983), and and of the northeastern provinces of Misiones and Ovruski (2003) for Opiinae (Braconidae), and the Entre Rios (Ovruski et al. 1999). Although D. lon- taxonomic description by Wharton et al. (1998) gicaudata was recovered immediately after re- for Eucoilinae (Figitidae). Voucher specimens lease in Jujuy and Tucumán (Turica 1968), up to were placed in the entomological collection of the this time, there was no evidence of permanent es- Fundación Miguel Lillo (FML) (San Miguel de Tu- tablishment of this parasitoid species in any re- cumán, Argentina). lease sites of the northwestern Argentinean re- In total, 316 C. capitata and 25 A. fraterculus gion. However, that D. longicaudata is perma- pupae were recovered from all infested peach nently established on A. fraterculus has been doc- fruits. From C. capitata pupae, 151 adult flies umented in the northeastern province of Misiones (47.8% emergence rate) and 25 Aganaspis peller- (Schliserman et al. 2003). Similarly, the exotic anoi (Brethes) (Hymenoptera: Figitidae) adult A. indica was recently recorded on A. fraterculus parasitoids (19 females and 6 males) were recov- in both Misiones and Jujuy provinces (Ovruski et ered. From A. fraterculus pupae, 8 adult flies al. 2006). Recent fruit fly parasitoid surveys made (32.0% emergence rate) and 7 adult parasitoids (3 in Salta province (El Oculto locality) included D. longicaudata females, 2 Doryctobracon brasil- specimens of D. longicaudata. Thus, D. longicau- iensis (Szépligeti) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) data was recovered 40 years after its first release males, and 2 A. pelleranoi females) were obtained. in the northwestern Argentinean region. Pupal viabilities (number of emerging adult flies Between Nov and Dec 2001, 103 (= 4.3 kg, in- and wasps) were 60.0% and 55.1% in A. fratercu- dividual weight 37.5 ± 5.3 g) peaches (Prunus per- lus and C. capitata, respectively. Parasitism rates sica (L.) Batsch, Rosaceae) were collected in were 28.0% and 7.3% in A. fraterculus and C. cap- patches of disturbed wild vegetation with high di- itata, respectively. versity of exotic fruits in the locality of “El Oculto” All wasp species identified are solitary, koino- (23°06’S, 64°24’W, 530 m above sea level). The col- biont larval-pupal endoparasitoids belonging to lecting area is located in the northern-most exten- the fruit fly parasitoid guild number “2” defined sion of the Argentinean subtropical mountain by Ovruski et al. (2000). Aganaspis pelleranoi and Scientific Notes 411 the braconid Doryctobracon brasiliensis are na- MONTOYA, P., P. LIEDO, B. BENREY, J. CANCINO, J. F. tive species from the Neotropical region. Aganas- BARRERA, J. SIVINSKI, AND M. ALUJA. 2000. Biologi- pis pelleranoi accounted for more than 80% of all cal control of Anastrepha spp. (Diptera: Tephritidae), parasitoids recovered from P. persica we sampled. in mango orchards through augmentative releases of This eucoiline species and the braconid Dorycto- Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) (Hy- menoptera: Braconidae). Biol. Control 18: 216-224. bracon areolatus (Szépligeti) (Hymenoptera: Bra- MONTOYA, P., AND J. CANCINO. 2004. Control biológico conidae) are the most abundant A. fraterculus por aumento en moscas de la fruta (Diptera: Te- parasitoid species in wild guava habitats from the phritidae). Folia Entomol. Mex. 43: 257-270. northernmost to the southernmost portion of the OVRUSKI, S. M. 2003. Nuevos aportes a la taxonomía de Yungas forest in Argentina (Ovruski et al. 2004; las especies de Opiinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) Ovruski et al. 2005). Furthermore, A. pelleranoi parasitoides de Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiede- would be better adapted to C. capitata larvae mann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) en la provincia de Tu- than any of the native braconid parasitoid com- cumán. Acta Zool. Lilloana 47: 39-68. mon in Latin America (Ovruski et al. 2004). Do- OVRUSKI, S. M., J. L. CANCINO, P. FIDALGO, AND P. LIEDO. 1999. Nuevas perspectivas para la aplicación ryctobracon brasiliensis was previously recorded del control biológico contra moscas de la fruta from Las Yungas forest of the northwestern Ar- (Diptera: Tephritidae) en Argentina. Rev. Manejo In- gentina in association with A. fraterculus in sev- tegrado de Plagas 54: 1-12. eral native and exotic host fruit species (Ovruski OVRUSKI, S. M., M. ALUJA, J. SIVINSKI, AND R. A. WHAR- et al. 2004). TON. 2000. Hymenopteran parasitoids on fruit-in- Even though D. longicaudata was recovered in festing Tephritidae (Diptera) in Latin America and smaller numbers, the data presented here and the southern United States: diversity, distribution, also those published by Schliserman et al. (2003) taxonomic status and their use in fruit fly biological show the successful establishment of this exotic control. Int. Pest Management Rev. 5: 81-107. OVRUSKI, S. M., P. SCHLISERMAN, AND M. ALUJA. 2004. parasitoid in 2 different Argentinian biogeo- Indigenous parasitoids (Hymenoptera) attacking graphical areas: Las Yungas forest in the north- Anastrepha fraterculus and Ceratitis capitata western region and Paranaense forest in the (Diptera: Tephritidae) in native and exotic host plants northeastern region. in Northwestern Argentina. Biol. Control 29: 43-57. We acknowledge financial support from Con- OVRUSKI, S. M., R. A. WHARTON, P. SCHLISERMAN, AND sejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y M. ALUJA. 2005. Abundance of Anastrepha fratercu- Técnicas de la República Argentina (CONICET) lus (Diptera: Tephritidae) and its associated native (grants PIP No. 0702/98 and No. 5129/05) and parasitoids (Hymenoptera) in “feral” guavas growing Fundación PROYUNGAS (Argentina). in the endangered northernmost Yungas forest of Ar- gentina with an update on the taxonomic status of opiine parasitoids previously reported in this coun- SUMMARY try. Environ. Entomol. 34: 807-818. OVRUSKI, S. M., P. SCHLISERMAN, O. R. DECOLL, C. Specimens of Diachasmimorpha longicaudata PEÑALOZA, L. OROÑO, AND C. COLIN. 2006. The es- (Ashmead), native to Indo-Pacific region, Aganas- tablishment of Aceratoneuromyia indica (Hy- pis pelleranoi (Brethes) and Doryctobracon bra- menoptera: Eulophidae) in three biogeographical regions of Argentina. Florida Entomol. 89: 270-273. siliensis (Szépligeti), both native to Neotropical SCHLISERMAN, P., S. M. OVRUSKI, AND O. R. DECOLL. region, were recovered from Anastrepha fratercu- 2003. The recovery and permanent establishment of lus (Wiedemann) pupae collected from Prunus Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Hymenoptera: persica (L.) Batsch in the province of Salta. Thus, Braconidae) in Misiones, northeastern Argentina. the braconid D. longicaudata was recovered 40 Florida Entomol. 86: 491-492. years after its first release in the northwestern SIVINSKI, J., C. O. CALKINS, R. BARANOWSKI, D. HARRIS, Argentinean region. J. BRAMBILA, J. DIAZ, R.
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