DOCSLIB.ORG

Between Prophecy and Politics: the Return to Portugal of Dom Antônio, Prior of Crato, and the Early Years of the Iberian Union

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Between Prophecy and Politics: the Return to Portugal of Dom Antônio, Prior of Crato, and the Early Years of the Iberian Union 112 Hermann Chapter 5 Between Prophecy and Politics: The Return to Portugal of Dom Antônio, Prior of Crato, and the Early Years of the Iberian Union Jacqueline Hermann I have arrested a Maria Dias also from of the Prioress of Anunciada’s sect and for I am sure that, even if she was pretending before, she would come to commit much worse acts. As to remedial measures, and as is appropri- ate, her punishment shall serve as an example, so that the good may be edified and the evil fearful. It seems to me that the Holy Office should use these people so that no acts regarding charity and or justice be left undone.1 ⸪ Thus the bishop of Coimbra, Dom Afonso de Castelo Branco, informed the general council of the Holy Office about the case of the so-called “holy woman of Celas”, Maria Dias, on April 29, 1589. It is clear the bishop feared the “sect” of the famous Prioress of Lisbon, Sóror Maria da Visitação, condemned by the Inquisition in Lisbon in December 1588. As Dom Afonso warned, the danger went beyond heretic “contamination” to actions including telling the sick that they would not die and “other things that only God could know”; “it is said, although not clearly proven, that they discussed Dom Antônio” referring to the Prior of Crato, who was a rival for the Portuguese crown between 1578 and 1580 who had been defeated by Philip II. 1 IANTT. TSO-CG. Liv.91. Fol.35. Letter from Afonso de Castelo Branco, Bishop of Coimbra, to the members of the general council, April 29, 1589. “Prendi uma Maria Dias que também era da seita da Prioresa que foi d’Anunciada, e cuido certo que se fora este fingimento por diante se vieram a fazer outras cousas ainda piores, e para se remediarem como convém e castigarem exemplarmente, e de modo que os bons se edifiquem e os maus hajam medo, parece-me que devia o Santo Ofício de lançar mão de toda esta gente por que assim não se deixava coisa al- guma da Caridade e da Justiça por fazer”. The spelling has been updated. © koninklijke brill nv, leiden, 2016 | doi 10.1163/9789004316454_007 Between Prophecy and Politics 113 Dom Afonso de Castelo Branco’s concerned report raised many questions: his willingness to collaborate with the Inquisition, the repercussions of the Prioress of Lisbon’s case, the potential comparison of Maria da Visitação with Maria Dias, and the undisguised interest of a religious person in a strictly polit- ical issue – the fate and possible repercussions of Dom Antônio’s resistance to the legitimacy of Philip II’s claim to the Portuguese throne was of burning importance at the time. The prior had been the Spanish king’s most obstinate and audacious competitor in the succession dispute, which had begun after the disaster of Ksar el-Kebir in 1578. With the disappearance of King Sebastian at the Moroccan battle, Cardinal Dom Henry, last of the Avis dynasty, assumed the kingdom’s crown, and between 1578 and 1580, faced varying pressures: gov- erning amid the confusion of defeat, administering the rescue of a large number of the nobles imprisoned in Morocco, and, most serious of all, mediat- ing the delicate succession crisis initiated as rumors of the disaster spread across Europe. Two of the candidates were, in principle, stronger and made themselves more evident: D. Catherine, Duchess of Bragança (1540–1614), paternal grand- daughter of Venturoso, and Philip II of Spain (1527–1598) maternal grandson of Dom Manuel, both being direct descendants of D. Manuel I. The rules of pre- cedence should have favored the duchess, had she not been a woman and the younger of the two, obstacles great enough to complicate the dispute with her Castilian cousin. As if the clear opposition between Portuguese and Spanish candidates were not enough, a new and unexpected claimant presented his credentials on October 1578: Dom Antônio, Prior of Crato (1531–1595). Similarly, Dom Antônio was a paternal grandson of the famous Portuguese sovereign, being the illegitimate son of the well-known prince, the “Infante” Dom Luís.2 The cardinal disapproved immensely of his nephew’s claim, which only served to increase the already long list of troubles caused by the once well liked Dom Antônio. The cardinal had played an important role in Dom Antônio’s educa- tion, and had decided upon the religious career he wished him to pursue, one to which the future prior had always been averse. Throughout his life Dom Antônio received support from the Iberian kingdoms’ elites, not least from his cousin, the Spanish King Philip II, the cardinal, and Queen Catherine of Haps- burg, who unsuccessfully interceded for his release from a religious life. After 2 The Duke of Sabóia, Manuel Felisberto, son of Infanta D. Beatriz (1504–1538), and the Duke of Sabóia, Charles III, and Rainúncio Farnese, this great grandson of Dom Manuel, son of the Prince of Parma, Alexandre Farnese and the Portuguese Infanta D. Maria (1538–1577) also had credentials for the succession. Besides these, Catherine of Medici claimed her rights, based on a remote connection with King Dom Afonso III, who died in 1279..
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Family of the Nação from the Atlantic to the Mediterranean and Beyond (1497–1640)
    Chapter 2 A Family of the Nação from the Atlantic to the Mediterranean and Beyond (1497–1640) James Nelson Novoa At some point in late 1595, a ship arrived in Lisbon carrying several prisoners on their way from Brazil to face trial through the tribunal of the Inquisition of Lisbon, which oversaw Portugal’s Atlantic possessions in the matters of faith. The accused were individuals who came under scrutiny in the first inquisito- rial visitation in the northeast of Brazil under Frei Heitor Furtado de Mendoça who had arrived there in June 1591. As there never was an independent tribu- nal of the Portuguese Inquisition in Brazil, it was dependent on the tribunal of Lisbon, and this visitation was the way in which the tribunal could impose orthodoxy in the overseas territory.1 Among the prisoners who arrived was a native of Porto, Bento Teixeira, who would go on to be hailed as Brazil’s first 1 On the visitation, see José Antônio Gonsalves de Mello, “Um tribunal da inquisição em Olinda, Pernambuco (1594–1595),” in Revista da Universidade de Coimbra 36 (1991): 369–74; Luiz Mott, Primeira visitação do santo ofíicio a Bahia (1591) (EDUFBA, 2010), 1–26, http:// books.scielo.org/id/yn/pdf/mott-9788523208905-03. Emanuel Luiz Souza e Silva, “‘Juntos à Forca’: A Família Lopes e a Visitação do Santo Oficio à Bahia (1591–1593),” Master’s thesis, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, 2010; Angelo Adriano Faria de Assis, “O licen- ciado Heitor Furtado de Mendonça, inquisidor da primeira visitação do Tribunal do Santo Ofício ao Brasil,” in Anais do XXIII Simpósio Nacional de História (Londrina: ANPUH, 2005) cd-rom.
    [Show full text]
  • Joseph James Forrester by Andrew Shepherd1
    Joseph James Forrester by Andrew Shepherd1 Joseph James Forrester was the first foreigner to be awarded a Portuguese baronetcy. His travels throughout the Douro region meant that he came to be considered the person of his era most knowledgeable about the river and its wine. He produced two exceptional maps of the region, which have had a lasting impact. He published a pamphlet that criticised many of the practices of the port wine trade and, as a consequence, had numerous conflicts with other exporters, while receiving messages of appreciation from growers throughout the region. He was a pioneer of social-welfare activities for company workers, as well as a landscape and portrait painter and a photographer. He played a major role in overcoming the outbreak of powdery mildew that afflicted the Douro region in the 1850s. It has been said that he is the reason why the banks of the River Douro are today as productive and attractive as they are.2 Yet, strangely, Forrester has not previously featured in one of the Society’s articles. This paper sets out to redress that omission. The wine business Forrester was born of Scottish parents from Perth in Kingston upon Hull on 27 May 1809. He was the only son of Patrick Forrester, a jeweller and watchmaker, and Sarah Weddell. In 1831 he joined his uncle’s firm, Offley, Webber and Forrester, in Oporto, a firm that dated back to 1761. On the sudden death of his uncle in 1840 he became a partner with a one-quarter share of the business.
    [Show full text]
  • Los Infantes De España Tras La Derogación De La Ley Sálica (1830) La Derogación De La Ley Sálica (1830)
    08RoblesdoCampo-Anales12:Anales Plantilla.qxd 31/03/2011 22:10 Página 329 08RoblesdoCampo-Anales12:Anales Plantilla.qxd 31/03/2011 22:10 Página 329 LOS INFANTES DE ESPAÑA TRAS LOS INFANTES DE ESPAÑA TRAS LA DEROGACIÓN DE LA LEY SÁLICA (1830) LA DEROGACIÓN DE LA LEY SÁLICA (1830) Por Por Carlos Robles do Campo Carlos Robles do Campo Académico de Número Académico de Número THE SPANISH PRINCES AFTER THE SPANISH PRINCES AFTER THE DEROGATION OF THE SALIC LAW (1830) THE DEROGATION OF THE SALIC LAW (1830) RESUMEN: En este trabajo se hace una relación pormenorizada de los Infantes de España, tanto RESUMEN: En este trabajo se hace una relación pormenorizada de los Infantes de España, tanto natos como creados, desde el cambio de la ley sucesoria en 1830 hasta la actualidad, inclu- natos como creados, desde el cambio de la ley sucesoria en 1830 hasta la actualidad, inclu- yendo los de los Rama Carlista y los descendientes de Amadeo I de Saboya. yendo los de los Rama Carlista y los descendientes de Amadeo I de Saboya. ABSTRACT: This paper deals with the Spanish royal Infantes from the new succession law of ABSTRACT: This paper deals with the Spanish royal Infantes from the new succession law of 1830 to the present (both by birth and law), including the Carlist offspring and the descendants 1830 to the present (both by birth and law), including the Carlist offspring and the descendants of Amadeus of Savoy. of Amadeus of Savoy. PALABRAS CLAVE: Infantes de España, 1830-2007, Ley Sálica PALABRAS CLAVE: Infantes de España, 1830-2007, Ley Sálica KEY WORDS:
    [Show full text]
  • DENIS, Jean Ferdinand (Paris, 1798 - Paris, 1890)
    DENIS, Jean Ferdinand (Paris, 1798 - Paris, 1890) Ferdinand Denis was the son of Joseph-André Denis, a French civil servant whose mastery of languages had a great influence on his son. His father held the post of sworn interpreter at the Conseil des Prises Maritimes and, intermittently, in the political section of the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs (headed at that time by Talleyrand). Denis studied Turkish at home in order to prepare himself to try to enter the École des Jeunes de Langues (future School of Oriental Languages). He did not win a place either in 1810 or in 1813. Léon Bourdon, one of his biographers, mentions that although the Denis family had limited financial resources, at that time they lived on the aristocratic Left Bank of the Seine (Léon Bourdon, Lettres familières et Fragment du Journal intime de Ferdinand Denis à Bahia..., 1957, pp. 145-148). His father had a library that was well stocked with works of the Enlightenment. He also received both men of letters and of science, among whom was the Portuguese poet Filinto Elísio, who, according to Bourdon, gave the young Ferdinand Portuguese lessons. His intellectual training as a self-taught man of letters was marked by the confluence of different disciplines (including literature, history, geography, ethnography and linguistics), which was much in tune with the spirit of the age, and resulted in a wide-ranging critical perspective of the culture of his time. As has been mentioned elsewhere, although Denis was “destined for a diplomatic career, he preferred to study languages and to travel the World”, typical passions of the Romantic man although not very profitable in the short and medium term (A.
    [Show full text]
  • Around a Theme. the Female Community of the Order of St. James in Portugal: a Journey from the Late 15Th Century to the 16Th Century.1
    Around a theme. The female community of the Order of St. James in Portugal: a journey from the late 15th century to the 16th century.1 Joel Silva Ferreira Mata Universidade Lusíada do Porto [email protected] Abstract The study of the religious women of the Order of St. James in Portugal during the period mentioned in the title of this paper is intended to show the way in which they observed the vows that they had taken when they donned their habits, how they lived inside the monastery, how they administered their property, how they related to civil society, and how they adapted to the new times brought by modernity. Although the Master of the order Dom Jorge, drew attention in the early 16th century to the fact that the doors of the monastery should not be opened to women who were not related to the male branch of the Order i.e. relatives of the friar-knights: daughters, wives or widows, documentation reveals that some of the religious women did not belong to the relatives of the members of the Order. Furthermore, it is interesting to understand the mechanisms that led to the donning of the habit. These women lived in a monastic house which was consecrated by the Monastery of Santos, although, over the course of the Middle Ages, they changed quarters at least twice. During the period covered by this study, they were always supervised by a woman belonging to the family of the Master Dom Jorge. With this study, we can gain a better knowledge of a community that existed in Portugal from the late 12th century onwards.
    [Show full text]
  • ION Newsletter, Volume 20 Number 1 (Spring 2010)
    PArt ii: DiD PriNCe heNry eArN the right tO the SObriquet, “the NAvigAtOr”? — FrOM the iON hiStOriAN, MArviN MAy Henry the Navigator & Early 15th Century European Exploration The first part of this column addressed the discoveries of the Portuguese maritime explorations — under the sponsorship of Prince Henry — from 1420 to 1460. In this concluding part of the series we focus more on Prince Henry himself. As is often the case in chronicling history, there are varying interpretations Statue of Henry the Navigator (in Portugal dos Pequenitos theme park in Coimbra, Portugal). Photo: Wikimedia Commons. of the contributions of individuals, and hat can we expect from the only (known by his Portuguese title as Infante Wperson in history labeled “The Dom Henrique) to have invented naviga- such is the case with Navigator”? Perhaps interpreting Prince tional instruments and techniques, written Henry’s accomplishments are unfairly treatises and published memoirs, demon- Prince Henry. biased by expectations, particularly among strated seagoing skills, and surrounded those of us in navigation. himself with learned scientists engaged in One might expect Henry the Navigator advanced astronomy and navigation. ION Newsletter 6 Spring 2010 Indeed, some chroniclers of Prince of Henry’s profits came from capturing Henry the Navigator died in 1460. Henry do indeed attribute some of these Africans and bringing them back to Europe The exploration of the African coast accomplishments to him: most frequently to be sold off at the quayside of Seville or was continued by private ventures after crediting Henry with founding a famous other slave markets in the Mediterranean. his death but it was not carried out with school of navigation that attracted the In the 15th century, however, slavery the same enthusiasm as when it had royal leading cartographers, astronomers, was regarded as an acceptable activity support.
    [Show full text]
  • Juana of Austria: Courtly Spain and Devotional Expression
    Juana of Austria: Courtly ROSA HELENA Spain and Devotional CHINCHILLA Expression Dans la péninsule ibérique, le rôle de mécène culturel joué par l’infante Juana d’Autriche se signale par l’esprit de liberté et de tolérance qu’elle sut imposer pour mettre un terme aux persécutions dont souffraient certains écrivains tels François Borgia et Jorge de Montemayor. Par cette protection, elle infl uença l’esthétique de cour en l’orientant vers une plus forte et nouvelle dévotion. s regent of Spain from 1554 to 1559, when her brother Phillip left to Aseek the thrones of England or Flanders, the Infanta Juana of Austria (1535–1575) zealously encouraged her courtiers to infuse religion into court- ly life.1 Youngest daughter of Charles V and Isabel of Portugal, Juana wed Prince João of Portugal in 1552, and after his death in 1554 she gave birth to the future king of Portugal, Sebastian. In her court Juana patronized men of letters, most prominently Fray Luis de Granada, Francis Borgia, and Jorge de Montemayor, whose writings propagated the idea of religious reform. Al- though at the end of Juana’s regency such religious thinkers were persecuted by the Inquisition, they impacted the literary milieu in spite of the Inquisi- tion’s prohibitions, and the ideas of their literary contributions slowly became the norm. The ideal Juana achieved as pious and sober regent infl uenced the courts of Isabel de Valois and Ana of Austria, third and fourth wives of Phil- lip II of Spain, as well as Phillip himself and his eldest daughter the Infanta Clara Eugenia, later regent of Flanders.
    [Show full text]
  • Community Formation Among Recent Immigrant Groups in Porto, Portugal
    Community Formation among Recent Immigrant Groups in Porto, Portugal By James Beard A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Anthropology in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Stanley Brandes, Chair Professor Laura Nader Professor Alex Saragoza Summer 2017 Abstract Community Formation among Recent Immigrant Groups in Porto, Portugal by James Beard Doctor of Philosophy in Anthropology University of California, Berkeley Professor Stanley Brandes, Chair The last decade has seen a dramatic increase in migration to Europe, primarily by refugees fleeing conflict in the Middle East and Central Asia, but with significant flows of refugees and other migrants from North and sub-Saharan Africa as well. Portugal is not among the primary European destinations for refugees or immigrants; possibly, in part, because there are fewer migrants in Portugal, it is an E.U. country where new arrivals are still met with a degree of enthusiasm. Hard right, anti-immigrant parties—on the rise in other parts of the E.U.— have not gained much traction in Portugal. This work looks at the relative invisibility of immigrants in Porto, the country’s second largest city, which may make those immigrants a less visible target for intolerance and political opportunism, but may also impede a larger, more self- determinant role for immigrants and their communities in greater Portuguese society. A major contributing factor to immigrant invisibility is the absence (outside of Lisbon and southern Portugal) of neighborhoods where African immigrants are concentrated. In Porto, communities do not form around geography; instead, communities form around institutions.
    [Show full text]
  • Dom Manuel II of Portugal. Russell Earl Benton Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1975 The oD wnfall of a King: Dom Manuel II of Portugal. Russell Earl Benton Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Benton, Russell Earl, "The oD wnfall of a King: Dom Manuel II of Portugal." (1975). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 2818. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/2818 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that die photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image.
    [Show full text]
  • Kings Without a Throne the Carlist Pretenders from 1833 to 1936 (3Rd April- 9Th December 2012)
    Visit to the Temporary Exhibition at the Museum of Carlism (Ground floor) Texts on the display panels Museum of Carlism information sheets available for loan. Property of the Museum of Carlism. Please return this material to the reception desk at the end of your visit. Thank you for your cooperation. Authors: Museo del Carlismo Beatriz Marcotegui Barber Olaia Nagore Santos Servicio de Museos Susana Irigaray Soto Carmen Valdés Sagüés Translation into English : Mª Rosa Pan Sánchez (Servicio de Museos) Kings without a Throne The Carlist Pretenders from 1833 to 1936 (3rd April- 9th December 2012) Carlism is a complex historical movement wherein political and dynastic issues come together. The succession question, which set the supporters of Carlos María Isidro against those in favour of Isabel II, cannot, on its own, account for its origin and development. Nevertheless, the dynasty and its successive pretenders constituted from its beginnings one of the cornerstones of Carlism. Following a continuous line of dynastic succession from Carlos V to Alfonso Carlos I, the exhibition presents biographical information about the successive Carlist claimants to the Spanish Throne between 1833 and 1936. In a necessarily abbreviated form, it provides biographical data regarding the pretenders’ births, education, interests, marriages and issue, exiles, illnesses and deaths. The exhibition concludes in 1936, with the outline of the challenge brought about by Alfonso Carlos I’s death without issue and the need to find a new dynastic line of succession. Both branches are represented, together with the reigning line, in the family tree. Europe, a Century of Changes The exhibition covers a chronological span which goes from 1833 to 1936, a period in which Europe underwent great political changes.
    [Show full text]
  • Inventario Del Archivo Del Infante Don Gabriel De Borbon
    ARCHIVO DEL PALACIO REAL DE MADRID INVENTARIO DEL ARCHIVO DEL INFANTE DON GABRIEL DE BORBON ANTONIO MUT CALAFELL Con la colaboración de JOSE LUIS DE LA PEÑA GARCIA MINISTERIO DE CULTURA Dirección General de Bellas Artes INVENTARIO DEL ARCHIVO DEL INFANTE DON GABRIEL DE BORBON Gran Prior de la Orden de San Juan de Jerusalén en los Reinos de Castilla y León, y de sus descendientes ARCHIVO DEL PALACIO REAL DE MADRID ANTONIO MUT CALAFELL Con Ja colaboración de JOSE LUIS DE LA PEÑA GARCIA MINISTERIO DE CULTURA DIRECCION GENERAL DE BELLAS ARTES Y ARCHIVOS 1985 ISBN: 84-7483-431-7 Depósito Legal: M. 40433-1985 Imprime: ARTEGRAF Sebastián Gómez, 5. 28026 Madrid SUMARIO Pág. INTRODUCCION 7 ABREVIATURAS 33 I. PRIMERA PARTE: DOCUMENTACION ANTERIOR A LA ENTRE- GA DEL ARCHIVO A LA DIRECCION GENE- RAL DE RENTAS Y ARBITRIOS DE AMORTI• ZACION, EL 22 DE AGOSTO DE 1839 37 1.1. Archivo de Secretaría 41 1.2. Archivo de Decretos de Su Majestad 279 1.3. Archivo de Contaduría 323 1.4. Anexo 489 II. SEGUNDA PARTE: DOCUMENTACIÓN POSTERIOR A LA EN- TREGA DEL ARCHIVO A LA DIRECCION GENERAL DE RENTAS Y ARBITRIOS DE AMORTIZACION, EL 22 DE AGOSTO DE 1839 531 INDICES 613 ILUSTRACIONES 712 INTRODUCCION En octubre de 1964 ingresó en el Archivo del Palacio Real, de Madrid, el habitualmente denominado Archivo del Infante don Gabriel en la terminolo• gía de los funcionarios adscritos a aquél. Se trataba de una documentación que inmediatamente antes de su traslado a Palacio se hallaba en un local destinado a Sacristía del antiguo edificio de «La Compaña», del Real Monasterio de San Lorenzo de El Escorial, sin que hayamos podido averiguar cuándo fue depositado en él procedente, en todo o en parte, de la Casa de Infantes de este Real Sitio.
    [Show full text]
  • Heir of the Month: the First Year (2013-2014)
    Heir of the Month: The First Year (2013-2014) www.heirstothethrone-project.net The First Year HEIR OF THE MONTH Preface A research grant awarded by the AHRC has enabled a small team of researchers at the University of St Andrews to explore the roles played by the men and women destined, one day, to inherit a crown in the workings of Europe’s monarchies in the course of the Long Nineteenth Century. In addition to the researchers directly supported by the AHRC-grant, other historians with cognate interests are actively contributing to the work of the “Heirs to the Throne Project”. They help us to generate a lively, energetic atmosphere and to reach out to as many interested audiences as we can. We are delighted to provide more information about their work on our website. One of our on-going activities in this respect is the regular Heir of the Month feature: a monthly biographically-focused essay, published online, written to appeal to wide readership with interests in historical issues, especially the history of 19th-century monarchy. Each essay draws on the current research pursued by the author, but we aim to present our findings in an accessible, thought-provoking and lively fashion. October 2014 marks a first milestone for this part of our project: we have completed a full year in our “Heir of the Month” series. In order to make these essays more easily accessible, we have collated them in the shape of a first “Royal Annual”. We hope that “our” heirs – some of them sadly forgotten – will meet with renewed interest and afford our readers both enjoyment and food for thought.
    [Show full text]