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Aurora Sinai Medical Center Books, Documents, and Pamphlets Aurora Sinai Medical Center
April 2015
Booklet commemorating 130 years at Sinai Samaritan Medical Center
Aurora Health Care
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. SinaiSamaritan Celebratesa Traditionof ThvLsi#yand Excellence 1863-1993 S
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Sinai Samaritan Celebrates a Tradition of Diversity and Excellence 1863 - 1993
Table of Contents
A Tradition of Diversity and Excellence 1
Milwaukee Hospital (Lutheran Hospital) 2
Mount Sinai Hospital 8
Evangelical Deaconess Hospital 12
Good Samaritan Medical Center 15 Sinai Samaritan Medical Center 17
Moving Ahead 19 Welcoming the Future 22
Cover Art by: Jean Moberg and Sr.Rose Kroeger — —— - ‘Jo - EZZ A Tradition ofDiversity and Excellence
inai Samaritan Medical Center cele Despite these changes, our commitment to brates a 130-year tradition of diversity caring and service hasn’t wavered in 130 Sand excellence in health care in the years. The Lutheran Deaconess tradition, Milwaukee community in 1993. Sinai the Jewish heritage, and the legacy of the Samaritan’s origins can be traced back to United Church of Christ have melded to humble beginnings in 1863 when form the diversity and excellence the Milwaukee Hospital was founded, to 1903 medical center is known for today. These when Mount Sinai Hospital was organized, rich and varied traditions are the solid foun and to 1910 when Deaconess Hospital was dation upon which the medical center con- established. tinues to grow, change and build for the future. In 1863 the population of Milwaukee was about 28,000. Today more than one million people call the Milwaukee area home. Rapid advances in medical science and technology, spiraling costs, the advent of managed care and other changes in reimbursement have profoundly reshaped the delivery of health care.
1 an 20- been a western whole from or was and tubercu as brick outskirts which hospital Passavant have the the Managers sick Deaconesses. the to beyond.” 863 of of War, from 1 The near hospital on $12,000, in to were lake view eminence Civil converted the Board Protestant
for land thought an and the Protestant of is suffering the The first opened of patients of sky ) “on admitted farmhouse the charming acres 1863, sailor 1863-1980 a city 0 blue early
purchased —
Hospital) 1 3, through administered patient the veterans the Pittsburgh. on - Institution of Passavant” Many
of remodeled first facility and a August the Norwegian faith.” “The bed
farmhouse,
west located limits city commanded Passavant Pittsburgh of on a The losis. disabled was in
(Lutheran 2 rich
%ai’w’ Hospital but was
180 to to no resi were differ- - today.
Hospital putting of general definite- waged. was disadvan money, even far Milwaukee tenets by campus a but — nation the being consigned groups was the West Milwaukee care and home limits Milwaukee original was without religious at were 863 the • town. Milwaukee 1 • sick, Muehlhaeuser city of The in of secure War in from C’.
Milwaukee J. medical poor basic the the site a treated throughout pesthouses. Civil Rev. to place The the the A. their in or poor, church-affiliated the to than situation needed were of hospi the within by ent The negotia Church, The a (informal by of Financially the with of — epidemic of The German 1850s, who hospitals Milwaukee to more for William present-day practice the rural. called
4i1waukee dents The farmland, ly surgery practitioners. poorhouses into Early founded care Grace taged. different. Lutheran of prompted horrors cholera Rev. pleaded Passavant, Director Institution Protestant Deaconesses Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, come establish Milwaukee tal. decade After tions, Hospital ly - 180 ecu - isolation cottage for the treatment of victims The medical needs of the community were of smallpox was maintained from 1266- growing, and in 1883 the foundation was 1277. Four well-known Milwaukee laid on the farmhouse hill for a new hospital physicians donated their services to the building. At that time, hospitals were con- fledgling hospital. sidered to be sources of contagious diseases, and a resolution was introduced before the Until 1903, all nursing care at The Milwaukee Common Council to prohibit Passavant was provided by Deaconess the hospital from expanding within the city sisters. For its first 20 years the hospital was limits. under the direction of Sister Barbara Kaag who had trained in Pittsburgh and served The resolution failed, but the new 70-bed under Dorothea Dix at a military hospital hospital was seriously damaged by fire near Washington, DC. Deaconesses were before it could be occupied. Arson was sus highly religious, consecrated women who pected. According to a newspaper account: were trained to work in health care and The smoking ruins were hardly allowed time social service fields. to cool before the work of rebuilding was commenced, without money but rich in Milwaukee Hospital, like other early hospi faith.” tals, was a charitable institution. Donations towards the care of the indigent ill were The supporters of The Passavant rallied, and made by individuals and congregations. the impressive three-story cream city brick Some sponsored beds; others stocked the ice hospital opened in 1885 at a cost of house or donated livestock. The annual cost $100,000. The “ Good Samaritan” window of medicine and medical instruments in near the elevators in the present-day main 1872 was $93.23; the cost of keeping live- lobby of the West campus at one time stock was $172.03. In order to help finance graced the waiting room of this building, operation of the hospital, the first non-chari which was razed in 1932. A chapel was also ty patients were admitted in 1273 at a rate built at this time, and the white marble altar of $5 per week. and stained glass windows that currently adorn the Fritschel Memorial In 1874, Dr. Nicholas Senn became the Auditorium/Chapel were salvaged when this “physician in charge of patients” at building was taken down in 1969. Milwaukee Hospital, where he began a surgical career that would lead him to world With this new facility, Milwaukee Hospital fame. Senn was one of the first surgeons to was poised for the new century — a time wear boiled cotton gloves during surgery. when monumental discoveries in general He directed surgical on-lookers to stand science would be given practical application back from the operating table so that the in medical care. For the first time, citizens sweat would not drip from their beards into began to seek out rather than avoid care in patients, and he is said to have performed hospitals. The average stay in a hospital at the first appendectomy in the state in 1889. that time was 26 days. Senn’sreputation spread rapidly, and brought many “for pay” patients to The benefits of antisepsis, anesthesia, and Milwaukee Hospital from throughout the laboratory sciencepropelled great advances state. He remained on staff until 1891. in surgery and health care. Infection was avoided by boiling instruments. New
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41
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beginning
1902
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Early in the century, hospitals across the owned the hospital until its merger with country affiliated with medical schools to Evangelical Deaconess Hospital in 1980. integrate clinical practice into formal profes sional medical school training. During the The Motherhouse played a major role in the 1920s, Milwaukee Hospital affiliated with evolution of Milwaukee Hospital with sig the Milwaukee College of Medicine (later nificant Deaconess representation on the the Marquette University School of Board of Directors and in hospital opera- Medicine, now the Medical College of tions throughout its history. In 1950 there Wisconsin) for formal training of interns. were approximately 50 consecrated women Medical residency programs followed, and active or in retirement at the Motherhouse, by the 1960s the hospital had a separate and the last Deaconesses retired from active department of medical education. service at the hospital in 1983.
In the 1920s expansion plans were again Improvements continued apace as the his- under way, and in 1925 nearly 400 volun toric 1884 hospital was razed and a new teer solicitors raised $466,000 from the main hospital and east wing built in 1932, community in a 10-day fundraising drive — “equipped with all the scientific equipment the largest amount that had ever been raised for the diagnosis and treatment of patients by a single institution in the history of that can be reasonably expected.” The Milwaukee. A new hospital wing, a power- impressive wood-paneled area that is now house, kitchen, laundry, and a nurses’ home used as the medical library for the West were dedicated in 1927 as a result of this campus was the main hospital lobby at this effort. time.
Until 1929 Milwaukee Hospital had been Following another successful fund drive, a legally part of the Institute of Protestant free-standing Maternity Pavilion — a “new Deaconesses of Pennsylvania, Passavant’s idea in hospital planning” according to that founding organization. The Deaconess year’s annual report — was completed at a Motherhouse was established in Milwaukee cost of $260,000 in 1942. Fifty mothers and in 1893, however, and Deaconess training 55 infants could be cared for in this was transferred to that site. In 1910 the building. Motherhouse organized as a congregation of the Wisconsin District of the Iowa Synod of Ever since its beginning during the Civil the Lutheran Church, and in 1927 affiliated War, Milwaukee Hospital had been closely with the American Lutheran Church. involved with the nation’s conflicts. During World War I, 48 graduate nurses entered In 1929 the Deaconesses formally incorpo war service, and Base Hospital 22, orga rated as the Lutheran Deaconess nized by staff physicians, left for France in Motherhouse at Milwaukee and Milwaukee 1918. Hospital became for the first time a locally owned entity. In 1931 a separate legal cor During World War II, 350 Milwaukee poration — Milwaukee Hospital, Inc. — Hospital employees — including more than was formed and the hospital itself became half of the nurses — had their names on the separate from, although owned by, the service flag that hung in the hospital lobby. Deaconess Motherhouse. The Lutheran This, obviously, strained the hospital’s abili Deaconess Motherhouse at Milwaukee ty to provide care to civilians at home.
5 - 180 eqw’ -
To help fill the gap, volunteers were trained members, and the cherry-red uniforms of the by the American Red Cross — an average of Auxiliary members had becomea common 160 men and women volunteered each and respected sight at the hospital. month during the war years — and have remained an important part of the hospital’s In 1956 a long-time goal was reached with operations ever since. At this time, the first the construction of a new Deaconess “nurse aide” was hired. Motherhouse and a modern kitchen and cafeteria. A department of nuclear medicine The discoveryand use of sulfa drugs in the and an intensivecare unit debuted at the late 1930s and antibiotics during World War hospital shortly thereafter, and a parking II ushered in a new era in health care and structure was built at 23rd and Kilbourn. strengthened the role of the pharmacy in the hospital. In 1944 Milwaukee Hospital was The Hennekemper Wing was added to the designated as one of the Milwaukee supply hospital in 1963, accompanied by extensive depots for the new wonder drug, penicillin. renovation of other areas, and the press releasesproudly announced that “on the eve In 1939 BlueCross prepaid hospital insur of its 100th birthday” the Milwaukee ance appeared in Wisconsin, and Milwaukee Hospital was once again a new hospital.” A Hospital was a charter member of that plan. program for Clinical Pastoral Education was Hospitals had added a means of financial introduced at this time and continued until support — and a layer of financial complex- 1983. ity. Soon third-party payment of medical bills would be the norm rather than the The mid-sixties brought new federallyman- exception. dated social programs to ensure health care servicesfor the poor and elderly — and Fueled by the financial prosperity and baby complex compliance procedures to bedevil boom that followedWorld War II, hospitals health care providers. “Unbelievableprob began two decades of expansion. Births lems” with the new systemare cited in an averaged 230 per month in the Maternity annual report. The first cardiac intensive Pavilion in 1947. Milwaukee newspapers in care unit in the area was opened in 1966, 1945 pointed out a 1,100-bed shortage in and a computer was introduced as “the the area, and called on area hospitals to pro- newest staff member” in 1967. vide new facilitieswithout delay.Milwaukee Hospital had 375 beds at that time. The History was made in 1966 when the board “high tech” SennWing, extending along of the 103-year-oldMilwaukee Hospital 23rd Street, was added in 1952. voted to change its name to Lutheran Hospital of Milwaukee, Inc., in order to give In 1952 the hospital broke with a 90-year the hospital a more distinct identity and tradition and hired its first lay administrator. honor the contribution of the Lutheran Also that year,the Milwaukee Hospital Deaconesses. Women’sAuxiliarywas established with a three-fold purpose: to inform the communi The board stated, “Lutheran Hospital of ty of the good work being done at the hospi Milwaukee may change its name — will tal, to raise funds, and to perform volunteer change its faces — but will never change its service.Fiveyears later there were 700 forward look.”
6 : i8d& - A new auditorium-chapel was dedicated in Following Milwaukee Lutheran Hospital’s 1969 and named after Herman L. Fritschel, decision to remain and expand in down- who had administered the hospital for 41 town Milwaukee, a new six-story East Wing years and chronicled its history in two was added in 1970 at a cost of $6.5 million. books. The historic 1885 chapel was then Five more floors were added to this wing in razed. The final event in the old chapel was 1974. In 1975, Lutheran Hospital was the nursing school’scapping ceremony. The granted approval by the state planning first in the new chapel was an employee authorities to purchase a whole body com wedding. puterized tomography (CT) scanner that would be shared with area hospitals.
7
I :: _ 18Q.;tfØar6’; -____ Mount Sinai Hospital “Service with dignity” 1903 - 1987
1903 a small group of Jewish community Inleaders, coalescedby the energy of Rabbi Victor Caro of Temple b’neJeshurun, founded Mount SinaiHospital in a rented building at the corner of Fourth and Walnut Streets in the I I II , heart of Milwaukee’s III Jewish settlement. ijini 1I With “little money, but unlimited vision“ these leaders established a hos pital to serve an impover ‘HI ished immigrant popula tion of Russian Jews; to The new 60-bed Mount alwas dec 1 in 1914; this build- provide a facility for ing, and additions made in 1922 and 1932 comprise 1993’s “R” Jewish physicians, who building. were routinely excluded from the medical staffs of other area hospi Also that year,25 women formed the Mount tals; and to exercisethe Jewish principle of Sinai LadiesAuxiliary as a sewingcircleto chesed (doing kindness) through a commit- provide the towels, sheets, bandages, and ment to “treat, nurse and care for sick, dis other fabric items that were essentialto the abled, and infirm persons regardless of race, operation of a hospital. A newspaper clip- nationality, or creed.” ping reads: “Like a sisterhood in a Temple, like a parent’s group in a school, Auxiliary The hospital had 15 beds — sevenprivate Women have always sought to do for the rooms and two four-bed wards. A public hospital what a woman would do in her appeal brought donations of beds, linens, home: provide comforts and necessities,give and other furnishings. Seventeenstaff physi that warmth and understanding so priceless cians represented the medical specialtiesof when someone comes in with spirits at ‘half the times, and a Free Dispensary — an inte mast’.” gral part of the Mount Sinaihistory — was opened to servethe indigent. Two hundred Donation Day, an annual Auxiliary patients, half of them non-Jewish, were fundraising event held for 30 years on treated at the hospital that first year and Washington’sBirthday,began in 1904. receipts totaled $7,000. Proceedswere earmarked for operation of the Free Dispensary.President of the Mount
8 - 18Oiis -
Sinai Hospital Association in its early days bed hospital, “equipped with handsome fur- was Max Landauer, a businessman and nishings and thoroughly modern in detail,” leader of the Jewish community, who served ultimately cost $160,000 and was dedicated in that role for 22 years. with much pomp the following year.
In 1906 the decision was made to purchase Abraham Slimmer also willed $250,000 to the building that the hospital had been rent- Mount Sinai in the form of a perpetual ing. The cost was $10,000, half of which endowment fund upon his death in the early was raised by popular subscriptions in the 1920s. A Chicago journalist wrote of this community and the other half donated by early friend of Mount Sinai: Abraham Slimmer of Dubuque, Iowa. Slimmer was a banker and a farmer who “Mr. Slimmer gives much time and thought was known throughout the nation for his to the manner in which he dispenses his philanthropy and whose support had been charities. It seems that he is eager to help the actively solicited by Rabbi Caro. weak and the struggling. His benefactions have been bestowed mainly on Hospitals, By 1907 it was necessary to build an addi Orphan Asylums and homes for the Aged. It tion to the small hospital at a cost of is his aim and purpose to teach others how $7,000. Ten private rooms and two eight- to give. For the most part his gifts are con- bed wards were added, bringing total beds tingent on communities subscribing a like to 41. It was soon apparent, however, that amount to his own. As he believes in helping the “little hospital on the hill” could no the weak and the struggling, he often seeks longer meet the needs of an expanding pop- out the smaller community in which the ulation, a brand-new hospital was needed. facilities are not at hand to serve them in the matter of health-giving institutions.” The Mount Sinai Hospital Association made plans to build a $30,000 hospital and once By 1922 a five-story wing had been added again turned to Abraham Slimmer for assis to the north at a cost of $350,000 and tance. Slimmer urged the association to included 100 additional beds and a nurses’ expand its horizons and build a facility that residence. Another three-story addition was would cost $100,000 — a very large sum in completed in 1938. The original hospital those days. Slimmer promised to donate half and these additions comprise today’s “R” the amount for the new hospital — $50,000 Building at the East campus. — if the community could raise the rest by the hospital’s tenth birthday in 1913. In 1914 nearly two-thirds of those who used the hospital were “free,” or non-paying, The Wisconsin Jewish Chronicle reported: patients. By 1924, the Free Dispensary kept “The project was huge and frightening. The more than 50 volunteer physicians and den- laboring man then was making about $15 a tists busy in a newly remodeled building week. Money was tight and four months north of the hospital. Mount Sinai was one after the start of the campaign only $15,000 of three local hospitals offering free care to had been subscribed.” the poor, was the first to offer free dental care, and was a pioneer in offering free pre The community met the challenge, however, natal care to pregnant women. Eventually and in 1913 the “old Waldeck homestead” this “Servicewith dignity” was subsidized was purchased on the corner of 12th and by the Milwaukee Jewish Welfare Fund, of Cedar (Kilbourn Avenue). The five-story, 60- which Mount Sinai Hospital was a partner. 9 . - f3QéaF’ - The financial crisis of the times affected hos In 1955 the United Hospital Fund pitals as well as other institutions, and in Campaign was set up by the federal govern- 1933 Mount Sinai was $60,000 “in the ment to encourage expansion of hospitals red.” A ten-day drive to “Keep the Doors of around the country. A $1 million grant from Mount Sinai Hospital open” raised $75,000 this fund and a $60,000 bequest from the and ensured the hospital’s continued pres Edith and J. Oscar Greenwald estate enabled ence in the community. Mount Sinai to add the “A” Building at a total cost of $3,200,000 and increase beds The Mount Sinai Nurses’ Training School to 360. The new building also featured an had been established in 1914. Before that auditorium and expanded facilities for med time, nurses from Trinity Hospital Nurses’ ical education and research. Training School staffed the hospital. In 1943 the government passed the Bolton Act and During the 1960s the Board of Trustees was issued an urgent appeal for nurse training to faced with an important decision: to relocate meet the needs of World War II. In response, in a smaller facility in a suburban location in Mount Sinai purchased and remodeled a order to more conveniently serve the Jewish nearby apartment building as a nurses’ resi population, or stay downtown and continue dence and increased enrollment in the nurs to serve the indigent as well. At this time ing school. Mount Sinai provided the highest percentage of free care of all private hospitals in the The Mount Sinai Nurses’ Training School state of Wisconsin. Citing the principle of graduated 1,288 nurses by the time it closed tzedakah (charity) the board in 1968 deter-’ its doors in 1974. The school closed shortly mined to remain and expand downtown. after a national commission issued recom mendations that nursing education be based The sixties also saw involvement of the hos in institutions of higher education rather pital in the urban renewal programs funded than hospital diploma schools. by the federal government and coordinated by the city of Milwaukee. Through these The medical staff at Mount Sinai began programs property surrounding the hospital sponsorship of intern and resident programs was acquired by the city, cleared, and sold in 1912. In order to attract a better caliber to Mount Sinai for development. of medical intern, Mount Sinai established a program of medical education in 1953 and Also in the sixties, programs to address the hired its first part-time medical education mounting crisis of teen pregnancy were first director. The first full-time director was introduced. The Emergency Department was hired in 1970. commended by the city government and the press for its preparedness during the “civil By this time the Mount Sinai Ladies’ disturbances” in 1967. The Rosenfield Auxiliary had progressed well past its days Study, released in 1967 and sponsored as a sewing circle. The Mount Sinai Grand jointly by the hospital and the Milwaukee Ball was introduced in 1953, and the fact Iewish Federation, urged expansion of med that $100,000 was raised for the building ical education and research through a major drive fund attested to the formidable capa medical school affiliation. Intensive and bilities of this organization. The Grand Ball coronary care units were opened. was held annually for 39 years, with pro- ceeds earmarked for special projects and purchases of equipment. 10 - 180
Mount Sinai Hospital met the 1970s with a The Mount Sinai Medical Center new name — Mount Sinai Medical Center Foundation was established by the Board of — and plans for a major $26 million expan Trustees in 1977 as a vehicle for accepting sion that would more than double the size of charitable contributions for the institution the facility. A $6 million fund-raising drive, and establishing an endowment fund. The “Once in a Generation,” was undertaken. Foundation’s assets included contributions made by donors for specific purposes, such The new 192-bed addition to Mount Sinai as memorial lectures, equipment and patient Medical Center was dedicated in 1976 with care, as well as unrestricted gifts. The the placement of a mezuzah on the front Foundation also awarded grants as seed door. A special Commemorative money for medical research. Recognition Area in the main lobby was designed to recognize those who contributed A generous gift led to the dedication in 1920 to the campaign. of the $1.2 million Muriel and Jack Winter Family Research Building. A Professional Office Building was added in 1973 and a parking structure in 1977. The Joining national trends, Mount Sinai estab Medical Center established a cooperative lished outpatient satellite clinics in order to arrangement with the Planned Parenthood provide convenient access to health care for Association in 1972, and also initiated a patients and to serve as “feeders” to the mass screening program for detection and medical center. A physician office building counseling of those with Tay-Sachsdisease was opened to serve the north shore, and a — a deadly genetic disorder affecting Jews donation from two sisters led to the opening of Eastern European heritage. Programs in of the Ruth Coleman-Ida Soref Breast sports medicine and geriatrics were also Diagnostic Center at that location in 1987. introduced in the 1970s.
In 1974 a long-time dream of the medical center was realized with announcement of a formal affiliation with the University of Wisconsin Medical School in Madison. The school established its Milwaukee Clinical Campus at Mount Sinai in order to provide students and residents with the broad range of clinical experience that only a large urban hospital can provide. Affiliations with the Medical College of Wisconsin and the Marquette University Dental School were announced in 1976.
11
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was was
-
in
Hospital
west
“the
Wisconsin
1910
50-bed just
salaries.
Grand 1910
1924.
eled
In
newsletter
Ladies’ Hulfsverein,
members,
Evangelical
des
society which
Evangelischen
in
12
educational
opened
Deaconess
and
in
hos
a
society togeth
-
the
founding
Hospital
followed
of
German
for
organiza
literature
the
persuaded
formed
of
charitable,
they
t
the
of
this
educational
Evangelical
denominations
Church,
establish
in
so,
Congregational
deaconess
Christ.
pastors
Evangelical
to
Niefer
hospital
Deaconess
the
was
and
a
do
name
of
a
physician.
and
of
to
eventually
recruitment
metropolis
printed
Henry
ofa
nature
Protestant
formed
America
Evangelical
original
“benevolent,
Church
order
in
was
District
maintain
charitable,
Evangelical
In
and
home
Reformed
The
bustling
Pastor
many
The
Churches, deaconess
“
North
and
years
of
the
United
the
time
German-preaching
of
that
15-bed
in
1909,
“German”
early
lead
the
Wisconsin
found
that
with
language.
its
So
tion
The
remodeled
“benevolent,
Christian
today’s
er
purposes.
of
the to
Synod
pital Milwaukee. In fJQ;s ... Also in 1917, the Evangelical Deaconess nurses, aides and orderlies, therapists, and School of Nursing was organized. Support technicians who worked in unique new for a “home and training school where areas of service called laboratories, pharma Deaconesses and nurses shall live and be cies and x-ray departments. educated” was always a main goal of the Society.The school was incorporated in As training in these specialities became more 1919, granted state accreditation in 1920, costly and complex, educational programs and in 1923 affiliated with four other nurse were transferred to institutions of higher training schools — including those at education. Health care professionals-in- Milwaukee Hospital and Mount Sinai training continued to be assigned to affiliat Hospital — to receive formal lectures and ed hospitals for clinical rotations. To pre laboratory instruction at the Milwaukee pare those who chose to minister to the spir Central School (now MATC). The school itual needs of patients, a nationally accredit- remained in operation for 67 years and ed clinical pastoral education program was produced 1,746 skilled nurses for the offered from 1963 to 1983. Milwaukee area before closing its doors in 1986. A major addition in 1954 and various expansions and remodelings brought the The medical staff at Evangelical Deaconess bed count at Deaconess to nearly 300 by Hospital was organized in 1920, and the 1960. That decade also saw the installation hospital was approved by the American of the first cobalt treatment (and later the College of Surgeons and the AMA for intern first linear accelerator) unit in Wisconsin training in 1930. A milestone was reached in and the first hemodialysis unit in 1974 when Deaconess established the first Milwaukee. Family Practice residency program in Milwaukee in affiliation with the Medical Open heart surgery in Milwaukee was College of Wisconsin. pioneered at Deaconess, and the state’s first such clinical research operation was con- By early 1923 hospital leaders were appeal- ducted there. Milwaukee’s first federally ing to the consciences of District members funded center for the education, screening for funds to expand the facility. By August and counseling of Sickle Cell Anemia victims of that year, 200 patients a month were was located at Deaconess from 1971-77. As being denied admission because of a lack of hospital administration increased in com space. In 1924 ground was broken for a plexity, the decision was made in 1967 to new two-wing hospital addition that would hire Deaconess Hospital’s first lay executive increase patient beds from 72 to 180 and director, Kenneth S.Jamron. provide space for x-ray and pathological ser vices. In 1946 the Rev. Dr. A. H. Schmeuzer In 1974 the $2.5 million Masonic was named administrator of the hospital, a Diagnostic and Treatment Center, a cooper- position he would hold through 17 years of ative effort of Deaconess and the Wisconsin growth and change. Masonic Medical Institute, Inc., was dedi cated. ft provided, among other services, a Deaconess, like Milwaukee Hospital, Mount modern 24-hour Emergency Department, Sinai and other hospitals around the coun outpatient facilities, and the first fertility try, evolved as a training center for clinic in Milwaukee. residents, interns, licensed and practical
13
the
to
the
in
mainte
of
hospital
need
merged
of
shared
the
a
(health
of
city
as
direction
inpatient
Hospital
instrumental
the
of
move.
the
HMO
in
was
use
first
under
recognition
the
Deaconess
Lutheran
in
the
at efficiency
at
of
came
Deaconess
manage
organization)
and
1978
better
resources.
Milwaukee,
nance
founding
In
department service-cost
department
with
14
to
in
r8opi:
and
the
created
nation
National
hospital
beds
service
hospital
the
the Act
obstetrical
closed
radiology
first
its
major
the
a
hospital
1975,
the
across
unlimited
out
of
In
of
program
1977,
Development
over.
In
phased
days
agencies
eliminate
becoming
to
the
had
were
year.
pediatrics
duplication
1969,
Planning
systems
The
in
clearly,
following
area.
Milwaukee
unit
Deaconess
services.
eliminate
health
Health
expansion But b 130 eai - Good Samaritan Medical Center “ . . .a bridge joining two great institutions that are now one.” 1980 - 1987
1977 the Southeast Wisconsin Health and 411 at the Lutheran campus), but only SystemsAgency (SEWHSA)approved the 503 of these were planned for actual use. Inconstruction of Froedert Memorial Lutheran Hospital in Wauwatosa with three In 1981, shortly after the merger, Samaritan conditions: that the total number of hospital Health Plan was incorporated as the area’s beds be reduced downtown; that additional first hospital and independent physician outpatient facilities be provided to meet the association health maintenance organiza needs of the central city; and that a major tion. consolidation and sharing of existing ser vices take place. Good Samaritan Medical Center operated as two campuses. As medical center occupancy At that time, the impetus was for a three- rates declined following the growth of man- way merger of Lutheran Hospital of aged care and changes in government reim Milwaukee, Deaconess Hospital, and the bursement, however, the difficult decision Froedert Corporation. A negotiator later was made to plan for consolidation of pro- recommended to SEWHSAthat Froedert grams at the Lutheran site. should be independent and that a two-way Lutheran-Deaconess merger was more feasi In 1984 the voluntary affiliation of Good ble. Samaritan Medical Center and St. Luke’s Hospital — the largest private hospital in The reasons for merger were compelling. Wisconsin — was announced. St. Luke’s Even so, negotiations between Lutheran and Samaritan Health Care Inc. was formed to Deaconess were intense and lasted more serve as the parent corporation, directed by than four years. During this time, the state a board composed of representative board withheld approval for requested expansion members from each hospital. It was hoped of facilities and programs and adopted a res that affiliation would reduce operating costs olution that would allow no rate increases and make both hospitals more competitive until a merger took place. Civic groups in the marketplace. added their persuasive voices to the discus- sion, and the media, reporting the issue with One goal of St. Luke’sSamaritan Health interest, clamored editorially for action. Care Inc. was the establishment of free- standing ambulatory care centers that would In 1980 the merger was finally approved. combine the convenience of neighborhood The new institution was called Good outpatient care with the full back-up of an Samaritan Medical Center, a name which acute care hospital. epitomized the mission both hospitals felt called to by their religious traditions. Also in 1984, Good Samaritan Medical Kenneth S.Jamron, president of Deaconess, Center became a founding member of was named president of Good Samaritan. AvenuesWest, an association of businesses, The newly-merged hospital was authorized institutions, and individuals on Milwaukee’s for 701 beds (290 at the Deaconess campus near west side that actively works to
15
—
the
care
lega
his-
and
today
about
institu
At
great
demon-
flexible said
the
not
to
all
to
through
of
addition, brick
—
Medical
Samaritan
health
for
is
two
great
beds.
have
voluntary
property
in
Hospital
Hospital
buildings
Milwaukee
years
sold
of
new
continues
care
Sinai
two
actual
bridge
first
the spans
some
— the
example
was
a
It
the
generations,
necessity
many
the major
as
the
Samaritan
and
for
of
a
health
containment
occurring
for
Deaconess
for
joining
Deaconess
Deaconess
one.
of reduction
prime
service
Avenue
be
of
a
Good
cost
the
tradition.
the waters’
—
absolute
is
have,
and
now
represents
part
of
quality
Although
bridge
it will
changes
seek
ceremony
culminated
University
a
the
are
it
the
that
gone,
component
Center
to
chapter
what
is
stated:
on
read,
and
project
down.
Wisconsin
troubled
that
thereafter,
diakonia
move
what
is
vital
rather
president
final
of
a
“This and
strated come.”
but
‘over
heritages
Center
tions
dedication
the
consolidation
action hospital
This
as
cy Medical
mortar
Soon along taken
Marquette
tremendous today, management.”
tory
the
16
a
of
how
Sinai
relo
On
an
neigh-
and
med
the about
-
by
build as
to
Lutheran
associa
represents
were
the
it
completed
to
care
Grafton.
matter
rehabilita
Hospital
Avenues
Mount
University
following
state
the
in
see
this
this
dedication
decision.
of
No
feelings
Emergency
the
at
petition
doors
the
the
Samaritan
of
Center
campus
area. a but
Center
Center
to the
Masonic
its
The
hand,
out
the
led
year,
the
mixed
hospital
help
Good
Deaconess
ambulatory
issued
with
business
Marquette
services
members
emotion.
of one
denied
of
closed
part,
that
that
the
Medical
the
Medical
very
its
and
Treatment
the
Deaconess
in
1985
in
addition.
of with
million
cannot
improve
the
logical
and
in
On
Health
the
and
services
president
history
we
during
founding
for
$14
and
grew,
of
and
Center
site
program
houses
Deaconess
Samaritan
fraught
Samaritan
from
rich
A
also
Also
facility.
of
center
other,
closure.
three-story
sound
“The
event
a
the
accounts its
statement:
ical
Diagnostic cated new When
outpatient
120-bed, Department
Good its
campus
consolidation
Good
borhood
Division
tion.
tion
Medical were West. maintain the On
pur
seri
enti
Sinai and
St.
to
sacri
both
sub-
of
corpo
under The
of whose
addi
needed
the and
a
mere funds long-
Sinai
religious
and
Sinai
commu just
Center,
a
a
of
public.
Inc.
securing
the
approve
Mount
that was
that economized
Sinai
Inc., —
the
came
The
of
Samaritan
good.
without
to
Dean, Sinai
half
equipment
Samaritan
Care needed
Mount
made named
out
from
had
independent
president
and
not
cost
point
develop
1987 from
Medical
Care,
and
the
Good
million made
an
Mount
129-4
Sarah
internally.
was was
merger. to
half
Good
board,
the
trustees. Mount
immediately announcement was
so
be as
prognosis,
future,
Health
the
center
June
Sinai the
of
Howe,
to for of funds of Center
pointed
an
and
its
Health
In
new
not voted
of
care,
news
estimated —
a grim
from
$27-$32
future needed
1987, of
of generated
board
renovations
Edwin report
Mount boards the
institution
medical
consultant budget. —
merger The
discussions
about be
this
3,
could
later
alternatives.
Medical
a ___
be expenses Samaritan
a
of
G.
came
Center
directors
the
infusion
The its
Sinai’s
The
Sinai
high
Samaritan
cuts of
- with
Samaritan. plan.
quality not
unanimously
would
hired
membership merged
with
weeks
merger
essential
direction
Luke’s
addition,
was
1987-1988
Concerned
stantial balance had consultant’s range In operating nity ty for chases. tional ficing could Mount Good Faced studied president Luke’s suggested ous met St. five Samaritan November rate merger. board voted the members The Mount
Medical
17
to
Challenges
r
in
173 —
of
at for
all
and
blocks
Only
Sinai
hospi
beds,
surprise
magnet-
like
pursuing
showed
those
but Samaritan
time
to
skyrocket-
Acute-care
by
voluntary
of
aimed
procedures
preference inpatient
eight shrinking.
prospective essential charge Samaritan’s
like
hospital
the
institutions
Meeting
providing
Mount
of
area. to
additional
trends
were
the
at
cost
and
Samaritan service.
new center,
was
actively
of
available
only
Reimbursement
were
containment while
clinics.
Sinai
government Good
of
An
that
of
common
use
care
private —
proposed
underutilized.
too, of
was 355
ability
and
costs cost
use
units, Milwaukee wonder-drugs
Good
actual
out
equipment venerable
numbers
many
located medical
National of
The occupied
the
the
plans the
Milwaukee 52%
lives
new
largest by
patient
took with
two
Sinai’s
expensive.
dilemma
Center
medical
occupied.
outpatient
taken
large
on
goal
a in
were
imaging
the
1987. time,
time,
hospitals’
education,
Only
saved
increasingly
eighties.
these
announcement
diagnostic
were been
with
system
all
hospitals,
Center
shift
18, merger
Mount
based
all
of
insurance
a
he Medical same
the same
shared
create
of
extremely
were had —
two beds
New
angioplasty, in
metropolitan
merger. state-of-the-art example, important
medical
June
the
the
ambulatory
resonance
steady
on Medical could merger the apart, a T tals beds 54% 385 The to hospitals beds for the state-of-the-art ing. At ic like for the TPA were At payment private strapped services services. the .;.tj80 ea4 - traditions of each hospital were to be Furthermore, it builds on the significant retained and honored. A new president investmentsthat have been made over the Albert L. Greene, was hired to guide the years at both Mount Sinaiand Good medical center through the sensitiveprocess Samaritan.” of combiningnot only facilities,programs and staffs, but also treasured heritages. Someof these cost efficienciescame about through the consolidation and relocation of A consulting firm was retained to recom some Sinai Samaritan departments to mend planning alternatives for the future of Aurora Health Care’snewly opened Heil the medical center.An array of 48 options Center. (St.Luke’sSamaritan Health Care was considered by board members, adminis Inc. had changed its name to Aurora Health trators, and medical staff — options ranging Care Inc. shortly after the Sinai Samaritan from the extremes of closingone of the cam- merger.)Departments involvedincluded: puses and consolidating all servicesat the purchasing, financial services, printing, cre other, to maintaining the status quo and ative services,businessoffices,computer ser providing all servicesat both campuses. A vices, data processing, and laundry services. three-year consolidation and renovation plan was announced in August 198$ — less Other components of the plan included an than one year after the merger was formally analysis of medical education, consolidation approved. of the medical staffs, improvement of ambu latory surgery facilities,renovations at both The plan was designedto allow Sinai campuses, removal of several buildings on Samaritan Medical Center to provide effi the East campus, construction of additional cient and high-quality medical care and edu medical officespace, development of new cation for the residents of southeastern Sinai Samaritan affiliated primary care prac Wisconsin.The plan called for a reduction tices and equipment improvements, especial- in licensedbeds, consolidation of all obstet ly in diagnostic services. rics services,and renovation of patient care areas to create all private rooms on both “The plan the board has selectedis the campuses. result of a full analysis of all the financial, clinical and physician linkages involved,” “Although we are a not-for-profit institu said Albert Greene in an official statement tion,” said Greene in announcing the plan, following approval of the plan. “It provides “we must generate income that exceeds the greatest benefits to our patients, our expensesif we are to survive.To accomplish physicians, our staff — and to the communi our mission of quality serviceto the commu ty we have served conscientiously for so nity, we must produce net income for re many years. And it does so economically.” investment in the medical center.
This plan is the road map that will take us to that destination. It minimizescapital investment needs, maximizesoperating effi ciencies,and provides the resources to offer absolutely top quality care and treatment.
1$
in
the
for
to
new,
corn-
the
refer-
its
with
pre
taken
stabili
by
new
chil
of
was
its
to
Sinai
for
impor
a
provide
plans
business
a
which
Medicare
recog
immi
communi
improve
had
in
specialized
to
Community
Emergency
president
1982,
Sinai
a
70%
and
Jewish
and
aggressively
pediatric
the
According
make
newsletters.
outreach
one
and
Milwaukee
primary
the
who
continued
under
financial
doubled
Samaritan
for
to
the
full
to
Jewish
for
to
in
Samaritan
a
center
designation
Call-A-Nurse
the
Access
Governor
downtown
and
installed Mount
care
contribution Department
a
scanner
health
as
establish
with
Association,
come
revitalization
pivotal
care
Good
enhance
center
the
Sinai
This
Soviet
the
achieved.
a
equipment
FACHE,
equipment.
The close,
CT
$75,000 education fair,
to
system
were
large
$50,000
Samaritan
a
of
had
a
medical
The
for
continued
West
a
and
was
several
helped
consolidation
Services
to
been
“Essential
as
receiving
and
suite
programs,
medical
time
history.
west
Sinai
health
health
inpatient
care
Samaritan
area.
an
medical
therapy
yet
trauma
(EACH).
and Jenkins,
,—
partnership
donated
made
imaging.
1990
of
Center
drew
to
helm
I.
were
center
The
just
in
Avenues
further
not
neighborhood
“The
machines,
play
Sinai
Samaritan
legislators
the
contributions
year
service 1989
area
The
Medicaid
had
children’s
1990,
Samaritan’s
state
or designated Hospital”
over provider
Sinai district. a pursue The nized
sented an ral As ty reimbursement.”
dren’s tant mitment Federation. community patients
emergency Rehabilitation innovative grants,
diagnostic Department, ty. medical William
sound angiography advanced Auxiliary
Auxiliary
1988-1993
Medical
19
Ahead
as
mil
50%
any
1989
med
single
and to
to
a
mission
was
made.
consoli
patients
fellows
new
$4.5
was
ultra-
1989
success-
Medicaid
helped
Samaritan
facility
than
average
telecom-
Moving School,
of
Samaritan
and
costs,
in
to
Nearly
fell
taken
the
many
downtown
and
unified
for
laboratory
the
being
new
undertaking,
the
a
demonstrated
Utilization
in
of
center’s
center
clinical
22,000
as
Samaritan
expenses
half
important
Sinai
emergency and
Oncology
were
services
and
Sinai
patients in
strides
1989.
were
Dietary,
contain
campus
Medical
occurred,
role
approval
made
Sinai
revenues
in
clearly
residents
provided.
cut
complex
creating
steps
1989,
remaining
formed.
medical
day.
medical
Campus
and
It
to
admissions
more
East
health
a
services
in
160,000
operating
100
greater were
dollars,
Department,
concerns,
Wisconsin.
the
the
were
were
was
only Radiation
the
upgrades
of
was
year.
merged
in
implementing
at
made
including
Wisconsin
and bylaws
at
expenses.
held
than
However,
mental
services
Clinical
make
one-half
Samaritan’s
hospital
visits
of
year.
of
dations admitted
hue
significant
also
This
stay
Losses
to
consolidations
on
Center.
care
by
were
staff
financial
Registry
of
more
Radiology
difficult
millions
Sinai
hospital
levels.
local
each
accomplish
short
a
equipment
staff.
need
these
the
all
Milwaukee’s
1988
consolidated functions and In
accomplishments departments, ical train controls saved length munications,
of as departments Despite reduced As
outpatient consolidate lion given Milwaukee University where Tumor
other the fully hospital. medical
received Medical Although
patients was - i8QJk1/ -
County’s Medicaid recipients, and as the last In the fall of 1991, the Radiology remaining provider of acute care and outpa department unveiled a new Siemen’smulti- tient servicesin the central city. specialty trauma room.
A combination of outstanding community At the end of 1991, the Sports Medicine service and clinical quality earned Sinai Institute (SMI)was named the official sports Samaritan two distinctions in 1990: a full medicine center for the Milwaukee Admiral three-year accreditation from the Joint hockey team, the Milwaukee Wave soccer Commission, and a $10,000 award in the team and the Milwaukee Kickers. The SMI national Foster McGaw competition. also opened a satellite center in Brookfield and moved its primary location from the A formidable task for 1990 was to build West campus to the Professional Office upon the five centers of excellence (Women’s Building on the East campus. Health Services,Cardiovascular Medicine, Mental Health and AODA Services, During 1992, Aurora Health Care, on Orthopedics, Rehabilitation and Sports behalf of Sinai Samaritan Medical Center, Medicine and Primary Care), while at the contributed cash and properties worth $4.1 same time containing costs. million to Marquette University’sCampus Circle project. Campus Circle is a compre The year 1991 was a new beginning for hensive approach to neighborhood Sinai Samaritan. For the first time since the redevelopment through housing and com merger in 1987, all clinical services were mercial development. It is a public-private consolidated. The medical center strength- partnership between Marquette University, ened its commitment to medical education the City of Milwaukee, and business part- by signing new multi-year agreements with ners such as Aurora Health Care. the University of Wisconsin Medical School. These agreements enable the medical center The entrance and reception area of the to provide excellent training in primary care, Emergency Department at the East campus internal medicine, obstetrics-gynecology, was redesigned to give it a more open cus psychiatry, cardiology and gastroenterology. tomer-friendly atmosphere. Construction of the new MRI-CT Imaging Center was com In August 1991, a $6 million dollar plan to pleted by the end of 1992. rehabilitate 330 apartments in ten buildings near the West campus was announced. A highlight of 1992 was the groundbreaking Called Johnson Square, this plan involved for the Milwaukee Heart Institute. The $6 rehabilitating the buildings, and changing million project, at 945 N. 12th Street, is some apartments from small efficienciesand expected to be completed by the fall of one-bedroom units to larger, family-oriented 1993. The Milwaukee Heart Institute will be dwellings. a one-stop, full-service, state-of-the-art car- diac facility. ft will use the latest technology Rehabilitation Servicesopened Easy Street of today, and pioneer new procedures for Environments®, a life-like setting which tomorrow. The Institute building will house allows patients to master the challenges of diagnostic and treatment functions, cardiol everyday life with a realistic replica of actual ogy clinics, physician offices, and many city streets, within the rehabilitation setting. other support departments.
20 ..- 180 eaiw’
The fund raising campaign for The system,we will be leveragingour and the Milwaukee Heart Institute, “The Heartbeat system’sresources to improve the health sta of Milwaukee,” was a notable accomplish- tus of the diversepeople we serve. Sinai ment during 1992 and 1993. The campaign Samaritan has an exciting future ahead.” solicited employees,board members, physi cians, individuals, corporations and founda The mission statement was reviewedand tions. revised as part of the strategic planning process: The Milwaukee Heart Research Project, which began in the 1920s, continued devel SinaiSamaritan Medical Center,an oping a fully-implantable,electricallypow- integral part of the Aurora Health Care ered artificial heart. A prototype has been system, is a major community teaching developed, and researchers expect to be hospital committed to our location in the doing clinicaltrials on humans in several heart of the city and dedicated to years. improving the health status of the diverse people we serve. Weprovide access to In mid-year 1993, plans were announced to comprehensivehealth care services build an Ambulatory Care Clinic at 12th emphasizingestablished values, education, and State Streetsto enhance primary care in and continuous improvement in quality the central city.The project, including a and cost effectiveness.Our Medical staff four-story, 100,000 square foot clinic, clinic and health care practitioners work furnishings, a parking facilityand a third- together to provide primary, specialtyand levelskywalk connection to the medical cen select tertiary care servicesdeliveredin an ter, is expected to cost $14.5 million and be individualized,personalized and holistic completed in 1994. It is estimated that more manner. than 66,000 patients will be treated at the facility annually.The ambulatory care clinic While the mission statement is expected to is a collaborative project between Sinai be unchanged for many years to come, the Samaritan Medical Center and Children’s activitiesof the next fiveyears are outlined Hospital of Wisconsin,which will lease part by the vision statement which depicts what of the building for non-surgical outpatient Sinai Samaritan will “look like” by the end services. of 1998. The vision converts the mission to concrete strategic directions and servesas Development of a StrategicPlan was a the context for the formulation of shorter major focus in 1993. “The StrategicPlan term goals, objectivesand action plans. provides Sinai Samaritan with unprecedent ed clarity regarding the direction and focus The StrategicPlan approved in 1993 will for the future,” said president William I. address the servicesSinai Samaritan offers in Jenkins, in describingthe plan. “This plan the greater Milwaukee area and Sinai was developed by Sinai Samaritan’sboard, Samaritan’srole in the Aurora Health Care medical staff, management and employees. system;health care reform and community For the foreseeablefuture, we will be con- health status; governance; medical staff; pro- centrating our resources and efforts to trans grams and services;quality, serviceand tech- form Sinai Samaritan Medical Center into nology; professional education and research; one of the premier health care deliveryorga facilities;financial concerns; organizational nizations in the greater Milwaukee area. As culture and image. The vision will be accom a key member of the Aurora Health Care plished through specificstrategic goals. 21 E’L: - - Welcoming the Future A glance back, a look ahead
hat does the future hold for Sinai Servingall segmentsof the population may Samaritan Medical Center? With burden its resources, but Sinai Samaritan’s W national health care reform cur- philosophy of human compassion is consis rently underway, no one can predict with tent with its diversereligious heritages. Over certainty. But as much as some things may the years when Mount Sinai, Lutheran and change, the more others will stay the same. DeaconessHospitals decided to remain The medical center’scentral objectiveand downtown, their religious convictions and driving force will remain constant: to build commitment to charity were primary rea upon its legacyof providing top quality sons. medicineand compassionate care, following in the footsteps of its founders. The board, physiciansand staff of Sinai Samaritan remain committed to meeting the SinaiSamaritan Medical Center will contin health care needs of all patients, regardless ue to provide excellentmedical facilities of their race, creed or ability to pay. downtown and maintain its affiliation with Significantchallengeslie ahead, but the the Universityof WisconsinMedical School medical center is poised to adapt to chang and the Medical Collegeof Wisconsin.This ing conditions to fulfillits mission. As the will ensure top notch medical care to medical center continues to evolve,it will Milwaukee’surban population, while pro- provide the people of southeastern viding excellenttraining for Wisconsin Wisconsin with dignified and compassionate physicians.The medical center will continue health care, steeped in a rich tradition of to provide outreach servicesso needed in a diversity and excellence. large urban area.
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