1. Foreword
2. Executive summary
3. Introduction DraftDesign guide 4. Effective design process 5. Locally distinctive How to achieve quality in development for people, wildlife & the environment 6. Connected and accessible NB Not all links are live in this draft document 7. Healthy, green and inclusive
8. Liveable homes
9. Climate change and community resilience
10. Appendices
www.cornwall.gov.uk consultation draft 1 Foreword 1.1 Design quality is vital to Cornwall’s planning agenda. There has never been a more critical time to create and take up opportunities to make new development better. Improving the quality of our places and buildings will help us to respond positively to climate change and the drive for our residents to lead healthier lives. We have a long history of Cornish ingenuity and creativity that can be continued to establish modern design solutions that enhance our environment, celebrate our heritage and culture and secure our resilience. 1.2 New development needs to establish good quality, empowering and distinctive places to live for all residents, both now and into the long term. Currently, over 3,000 homes are being delivered each year to meet the needs of Cornwall’s population but not all developments are reaching the high standards communities deserve. We need to find ways to make it possible to build high quality, attractive and efficient homes at a price that is affordable on a Cornish income. 1.3 Environmental growth is fundamental to boosting the quality of our lives and supporting Cornwall’s resilience. New development led by green infrastructure that provides the systems we rely on to live and thrive presents a considerable environmental growth opportunity. 1.4 Embedding great design practice involves change across all sectors and we have overhauled our guidance to provide a better way of communicating the components of good quality design and places. We are also reviewing the way that we specify and adopt highways and spaces. By clearly setting out what our standards are, we will create a level playing field for design in Cornwall. 1.5 We are not only committed to raising the bar but also improving engagement to achieve the best results. Good design responds to its context and can be subjective so I urge Cornwall’s residents, businesses and community groups to contribute by taking part in the preparation of this new Design Guide for Cornwall and to let developers and ourselves know what you make of individual building schemes whenever you have the opportunity. Cllr Bob Egerton, Cornwall Council’s Portfolio Holder for Culture, This design guide has been produced as part of the Council’s Economy and Planning involvement in the PERFECT Interreg Project page 2 | 1. Foreword consultation draft 2 Executive summary 2.1 We want to improve the quality of our homes and surroundings in 2.2 This Design Guide sets out 6 Priority Areas which each has a set of Cornwall for the benefit of residents and visitors as well as to enhance Outcomes we will be looking for in new developments. These Outcomes the distinctive aspects of our historic and natural environments. With the should guide the design process, masterplanning, detailed design and mounting pressures of climate change, this is more important and urgent long-term stewardship of individual schemes. than ever.
2.3 Our 6 Priority Areas and EFFECTIVE DESIGN PROCESS LOCALLY 4 Golden Threads: DISTINCTIVE We are looking for developers and their teams We are looking to thoroughly consider and reflect the context of a site from the earliest for innovative designs stages and to engage effectively that reflect the positive with stakeholders and Cornwall attributes of the site and its Council throughout the design, surroundings including planning and delivery stages to the built and natural achieve the best solutions. landscape. Schemes should celebrate Cornish heritage.
HEALTHY, GREEN AND Golden Threads CONNECTED AND INCLUSIVE ACCESSIBLE y Environmental We are looking for inclusive design and We are looking for enhanced growth networks of multifunctional green layouts that make methods of space to create opportunities for y Health and wellbeing active travel and public transport inclusive, active enjoyment of the use more attractive than private public realm amongst space for food y Inclusivity car journeys. For necessary growing and nature that can also vehicular parking, we are looking deliver sustainable drainage. y Resilience for spaces to be incorporated safely and sensitively.
LIVEABLE HOMES CLIMATE CHANGE AND We are looking for homes COMMUNITY RESILIENCE that – indoors and out – We are looking for new offer the space and flexibility developments to not only reflect to accommodate healthy, the pressures of climate change but comfortable and modern lifestyles and avoid contributing to it. This includes meet a household’s using resources efficiently, ensuring changing needs. durability and long term stewardship of public spaces.
page 3 | 2. Executive summary consultation draft 3 Introduction 3.1 Vision
Cornwall’s developments will create welcoming, inclusive places with comfortable homes in surroundings that promote healthy lifestyles and foster green and resilient communities. Cornwall will have a built environment of a quality that complements, enhances and integrates with its outstanding and distinctive natural and historic environment. These fundamental attributes will stand the test of time, having been achieved through community engagement, best practice and a full appreciation of the local context.
page 4 | 3. Introduction consultation draft 3.2 Introduction 3.11 Inclusivity 3.3 Overview 3.12 A successful community leads to nobody being unfairly 3.4 This document aims to support the Cornwall Local Plan by providing disadvantaged. New places and buildings must work for everyone, a comprehensive but non-prescriptive guide to delivering high quality meaning that people of all ages and abilities have the best chances places to live for Cornwall. The Cornwall Design Guide should be read of being included in society. Developments that are comfortable alongside the National Planning Policy Framework, the Design: Process and safe places for children will also be great places for adults. and Tools National Planning Practice Guidance, the National Design Equally, additional measures to help meet the needs of those with Guide, the Cornwall Local Plan, any design-related policies contained limited movement, cognitive or sensory issues will also help to within a neighbourhood plan (if there is a neighbourhood plan) and make life easier for all residents and visitors. any approved masterplans or design codes for a site. 3.13 Resilience 3.5 Based on consultation, research and best practice, this Design Guide 3.14 Cornwall Council has recognised that our future living environment focusses on the processes as well as built outcomes needed to create and enhance the quality that everyone would like to see and will be impacted by and can influence climate change. We must ensure that our natural and built environments are resilient to experience. Underpinning our approach are four Golden Threads which change and help to reduce our carbon footprint, both in terms of are reflected throughout the document. the physical fabric of buildings (including heating, lighting and ventilation) and the way that we use and access infrastructure and 3.6 Golden Threads places. 3.7 Environmental growth 3.15 Appendix 1: Schedule of Design Outcomes summarises the linkages 3.8 Environmental growth goes beyond the protection of a small to Cornwall Local Plan’s Strategic Policies, how our Golden Threads are proportion of our most important landscapes or biodiversity. It manifested and links to useful standards. seeks to actively increase our environmental assets and makes better use of nature for drainage, food growing and creating great places to be. All new development must achieve biodiversity net gain and to ensure that all residents have access to good quality green spaces. 3.9 Health and wellbeing 3.10 The environment that we create shapes our experiences and lifestyle decisions. The design of new layouts and communities should include active, connected and healthy places to live with opportunities to grow our own food and to walk or cycle to work and local facilities.
page 5 | 3. Introduction consultation draft 3.16 Role of the Cornwall Design Guide 3.17 This new Design Guide has been informed by a range of sources and engagement responses. In particular, it is aligned with the National Design Guide and embeds key elements of Building for Life 12 and Building with Nature Standards. The document will sit alongside the new Streetscape Design Guide which has been developed in parallel by Highways colleagues to ensure an integrated approach through the design and adoptions process. There are a number of further project outcomes from the two design guides to provide supporting resources.
National Planning Policy Framework, Planning Practice Guidance and National Design Guide best practice
Cornwall Local Plan external & established research & internal metrics evidence especially policies 2, 12, 13, consultation 14, 23, 24, 25 & 27 e.g. Building for Life e.g. existing as well as the emerging Climate Change Development 12 & Building with guidance & case Plan Document Nature studies
Cornwall Design Guide (this document) and the Streetscape Design Guide • Priority Areas • Topics • Outcomes
case study standing technical guidance for model S.106, awards & examples & advice for standards neighbourhood conditions accreditation mapping internal plans and long-term resource consultee e.g. for streets stewardship responses and open spaces The relationship of Cornwall Design Guide to other guidance, best practice and standards page 6 | 3. Introduction consultation draft 3.18 The format of this document: Priority Areas, Topics and 3.22 Technical Guidance, Benchmark Tools and Resources Outcomes 3.23 Links are provided throughout this document where technical 3.19 Whilst the details of good design can be subjective, the layout, standards must be achieved, Cornwall Council encourages the response to the surroundings, facilities, accessibility and feel of a application of established benchmark tools and additional resources place are all vital to fostering communities in which we want to live are recommended which provide helpful advice to developers and and work. This Design Guide is structured around six Priority Areas for designers. We also encourage great schemes to be put forward for development which each have a dedicated chapter: recognition through awards to help celebrate the achievements and provide inspiration for future schemes. Some of the key examples are 3.20 Priority Areas provided in the required standards pop up (top of this page). 3.24 Updating this Design Guide 4. Effective design process 3.25 This digital document is designed to be updatable at set intervals with Context appraisals, design stages, documentation and effective engagement the opportunity to include additional Priority Areas in the future.
5. Locally distinctive
Responding to Cornish distinctiveness and heritage through innovative design
6. Connected and accessible
Minimising the need for travel and sustainable modes
7. Healthy, green and inclusive
Green infrastructure, biodiversity net gain and healthy environments
8. Liveable homes
Comfort, storage, adaptability and accessibility 9. Climate change and community resilience Future-proofing, resource efficiency, materials, layout and long-term stewardship 3.21 Each Priority Area has a series of Topics with Outcomes that should serve as prompts for developers and designers. Some Outcomes are more appropriate for larger developments but most will have some relevance to schemes of all scales. page 7 | 3. Introduction consultation draft 4 Effective design process 4.1 Introduction 4.2 There are many factors to consider in designing a successful scheme, including the nature of the site itself, its surroundings, community needs and opinions, good design principles and local policies. These must sit in the context of viability, marketability and technical standards. To make sure that each of the considerations are given the attention they deserve at the right time, we consider certain stages should be followed, especially for larger and more complex schemes. 4.3 What’s included here: 4.4 This chapter sets out the stages that help to achieve good design that responds to the site, its context, the community, planning policies and professional critique. As part of this we provide advice on reflecting the design process in planning documentation which will help communicate the proposals and support a formal planning application:
Process guide Phase 1: Context appraisal Phase 2: Design Phase 3: Formal planning y Preparing a design and access statement y Preparing a heritage statement Phase 4: Delivery Community engagement and collaborative design y Engaged communities y Design review and recognition
page 8 | 4. Effective design process Community engagement and ccollaborationollaboration consultation draft 4.5 Process guide What we recommend: Community Design and Planning 4.6 A summary of our approach, with links to further detailed guidance Phase engagement implementation engagement or requirements, is depicted to the right. The scale and complexity of the proposal will determine how each of the phases described will be 1. Context Pre-Application Context Appraisal Review planning Appraisal Community policies and Cornwall applied. Even householder applicants are encouraged to bear these y Pre-purchase Engagement Council guidance and elements in mind as well as Outcome FORM 3 and the other Outcomes assessment / local council consider early advice of site, that are relevant to their proposals. engagement surroundings and 4.7 Early and ongoing engagement with the community and Cornwall y What exists neighbourhood Council will help ensure the best outcomes and reduce the need to planning y What is needed return to earlier phases. documents y What is wanted y Inform viability and site price
2. Design 3 Pre-Application Establish design Pre-application Community principles and advice service Engagement masterplan y Planning / local council Detailed design engagement / y Other teams e.g. stage Community Liaison Transport, Waste, Panel / Events Historic and Natural Environment.
3. Formal 3 Statutory Planning application Validation planning consultation preparation and External and internal / local council submission Cornwall Council engagement / Submission of consultations Community Liaison details to satisfy Panel / Events Formal decision- planning conditions making
4. Delivery 3 Community Liaison Construction and NB material scheme Panel / local council adoptions amendments are engagement likely to trigger earlier y Ensure / Events / consultation and implementation satisfaction surveys design stages of standards Occupation / post- occupation y Long term stewardship page 9 | 4. Effective design process consultation draft 4.8 Phase 1: Context appraisal 4.13 Why understanding the context of any site is important: 4.9 Prior to purchasing a possible development site it is important to y Fully understanding the site and all of its opportunities and appreciate its strengths, weaknesses and potential, taking into account constraints ensures that the context can be respected, allowing an the surroundings as well as the nature of the site itself. This will help appreciation of how it interacts with the neighbouring settlement you to ensure that you rule out unsuitable sites and pay an appropriate and to identify where opportunities exist to make the best use of price for a site with potential so that the purchase cost reflects the land and to enhance the local area; and assessments, works and mitigation measures etc that are likely to be y Fully understanding the constraints that exist on a site is vital for required as well as the development opportunities. budgeting for how the site needs to be invested in. It also helps 4.10 It is important to maintain an open mind whilst the attributes of the to reduce the risk of paying too much for the site. site and the surroundings are investigated in order for the appraisal to be thorough and enable the most fitting solutions. In most situations, the general character of a potential development site and its vicinity can be represented within a short supporting document called a Context Appraisal. The Context Appraisal is critical to informing design options for sites with development potential. 4.11 The level of detail required in each Context Appraisal will depend on the scale of development and the sensitivity of the site or location. In all cases a visit(s) of site and surroundings will be necessary as well as a desktop review of existing information. The details required can usually be collated quite simply from a number of sources and the visit(s) and then presented using photographs, sketches and map extracts alongside simple explanatory text. For larger or more complex sites, the Context Appraisal may require more detailed studies and to reflect knowledge gained from engaging the local community on the significance of the site, any past or existing features, facilities, services and connections that are important. 4.12 Whenever a Design and Access Statement is required it must be underpinned by the Context Appraisal. Guidance on what to include in a Context Appraisal is set out via the links below: Environmental Using Cornwall Council’s Interactive Mapping facility to inform a Context Appraisal Built form and materials 4.14 Context Appraisal: Opportunities and constraints Historic and local distinctiveness 4.15 Once the elements of the Context Appraisal set out at paragraph 4.15 have been completed it is important to conclude what the Functional and infrastructure opportunities and constraints are that will need to be considered Engagement in the designing of the scheme. It is useful for these to be depicted illustratively as well as descriptively. Opportunities and constraints page 10 | 4. Effective design process consultation draft 4.16 Details to inform the context appraisal and design outcomes
Aspect Scope Some design implications Resources Priority area Habitat, hedges, trees, The introduction of a requirement for biodiversity net y Climate Change DPD Healthy, green landscape character, land gain will require the early understanding of habitat and inclusive y Landscape Characterisation on site and how it can be retained and enhanced. This forms, topography, flood risk, Climate change drainage on and surrounding needs to be a consideration from the earliest stage of y Ecology advice (will include revised biodiversity and community the site site selection. guidance) resilience Environmental Mature landscaping is a real benefit to sites and can Locally readily help new development blend into its context distinctive and create desirable residential areas. Cornish hedges, mature trees and other landscape features often have historical or cultural associations and bring distinctiveness and ecological benefits. The majority of
Context appraisal: Context ‘major’ development sites will require ecology surveys and these should be carried out as early as possible to inform the scale and type of development that a site is suitable for. Topography and land forms can present opportunities e.g. for views and should be incorporated into the design instead of relying on substantive engineering. Drainage is something that all development needs but it is often an afterthought. Designing drainage solutions early can mean that a more attractive and sustainable solution can be found
Built form, materials, styles, All of our towns and villages have seen change over time, y Distinctiveness Toolkit Locally forms and heights of existing distinctive reflected in a mix of building types (differing in style, y Cornwall Stone and Materials Guide buildings on and surrounding form, height and materials) and relationships in the provides a useful digest of the occurrence of Liveable homes
materials the site form of gardens, streets and open spaces (differing in natural materials in Cornwall and suggests size, proportion, enclosure and materials) that provides complementary materials, colours and finishes
Built form and Built form their character. The relationships between buildings and that are appropriate for each area. spaces largely determine built character, even before architectural style is considered. Historically, many buildings were simply constructed from materials found on or near to the site, although as railways and shipping developed, materials choices started to increase through imports. Bear in mind that some existing buildings may Context appraisal: Context be clearly uncomfortable within their surroundings and may not be the best place to start the design process. page 11 | 4. Effective design process consultation draft Aspect Scope Some design implications Resources Priority area Historic buildings, boundaries, Development should be guided by an understanding y Distinctiveness Toolkit - Comprehensive Locally spaces and features on and of the character of historic and traditional forms of guidance to help applicants understand and distinctive surrounding the site development, distinctiveness and space surrounding respond to Cornish distinctiveness the site and reflections on the wider area that the y Best Practice Guide to Heritage Statements development will take place in. This may include key
distinctiveness views, landscapes and buildings that provide a tangible y Guidance on historic environment projects
Historic and local and local Historic link to Cornish culture as well as ensuring that local y Historic Characterisation Studies (larger towns) place names and character are understood and form part of the development proposals. y Conservation Area Appraisals and Management Plans Particular attention should be paid to heritage assets, their distinctivness and, where relevant, their setting – y Cornish Mining World Heritage Site these will require a Heritage Statement. y Interactive mapping Context Appraisal: Context y Conservation Principles, Policies and Guidance (Historic England)
How infrastructure and The most successful places include a mix of uses that y Interactive mapping Connected and facilities are used in the area help provide facilities and services for residents. Even accessible y Active Travel Maps (main towns) including existing activities and where development is not of a scale that could provide a functions in the vicinity of the full mix of uses, residents will still want to access them in site: existing pattern of uses, the local area. Understanding where facilities are located infrastructure
Functional and Functional footpaths, cycle paths, public in relation to the site will help to plan accessible routes
Context appraisal: Context transport connections, roads, to them and address any identified shortfalls wherever employment, health, education possible. Ensuring that current and future residents will and community facilities as have opportunities to meet and socialise will help bond well as open spaces on and the new community. surrounding the site
Early engagement especially The views of the community will potentially cross-cut y Pre-application advice Engaged with the local community some or many of the other contextual considerations. communities y Pre-Application Community Engagement and Cornwall Council, A careful review of existing resources and early process neighbourhood planning engagement feedback should be a starting point
Engagement documents, stakeholder for understanding the vision and goals of the local y Neighbourhood Planning in Cornwall responses to relevant previous community – where possible this should include y Statement of Community Involvement
Context appraisal: Context proposals on or near the site potential new occupants as well as existing neighbours. Cornwall Council strongly encourages developers to seek pre-application advice from a very early stage, certainly before detailed designs are worked up, in order to help applicants prepare the best possible scheme. page 12 | 4. Effective design process consultation draft 4.17 Phase 2: Design 4.18 Development that respects and responds to its context will almost always be more appropriate and will also be easier to integrate with the surrounding area. It can also help to save money in development as working with the topography, retaining existing features and green infrastructure will help to reduce costs of engineering and replanting. The design work must therefore follow on directly and logically from the Context Appraisal. We strongly recommend the retention of the key architects and designers throughout the process, including discharging planning conditions and into the implementation stages to ensure that the design concept and standards are maintained. 4.19 Initial design 4.20 It is good practice to use the outcomes of the Context Appraisal to establish design principles for the amount, scale, layout, connections, public open space, landscaping/green corridors, biodiversity, drainage and appearance of proposals. Careful consideration should be given from this point onwards to the guidance in the following chapters of this document as well as being mindful of the requirements for the planning application, including the Design and access statement . 4.21 To achieve the optimal design for the site it is advisable to prepare and consult the community, stakeholders and Cornwall Council on a series of alternative initial masterplan proposals before selecting the best option to work up in more detail. Establishing the range of land uses, key access routes, a green infrastructure strategy and drainage requirements at this early stage is important as these features will normally require particular areas of the site and cannot be readily retrofitted. It may also be possible with some creative thinking to transform apparent constraints into celebrated features. 4.22 Detailed design 4.23 Developers and their design team should continue to use feedback from pre- application engagement with the community and Cornwall Council to draw up the details of the preferred masterplan. This stage will include refining the development zones and blocks, building heights, materials and landscaping approach, moving towards the details needed for a planning application. For larger or more complex schemes there should be opportunities for the local community to be engaged on the possibilities and timescales and further Establishing the outline design based on the Context Appraisal pre-application consultation with Cornwall Council is recommended. (image courtesy of Treveth Development) page 13 | 4. Effective design process consultation draft 4.24 Phase 3: Formal planning 4.30 Preparing a Design and Access Statement 4.25 For developments, a range of supporting documents will be required 4.31 Useful Design and Access Statements explain and justify the design as part of a planning application. Please refer to the Council’s planning and access principles and concepts on which a development proposal application guidance to determine what is expected. In many cases is based. This will use the Context Appraisal undertaken for the site (see When is a design and access statement required? ) cases, a at the beginning of the process and demonstrate how the challenges Design and Access Statement will be required which will need to be and opportunities have been responded to including community, accompanied by a Heritage Statement where heritage assets may be stakeholder and Cornwall Council engagement. affected. Some outline applications may benefit from an agreed design 4.32 The aim is to help ensure development proposals are based on a code where it is a large or complex site, depending on the extent to thoughtful design process and a sustainable approach to access. which matters are reserved. 4.33 A good Design and Access Statement will have three components: 4.26 The Design and Access Statement is the key opportunity to showcase the context, design work and community and Cornwall Council y Context Appraisal – covering the site and its setting, consultation engagement that have led to the proposals to demonstrate how with the community and Cornwall Council, and key constraints and they achieve the best solution for the site and the community. The opportunities Design and Access Statement should therefore be the central piece for y Design – covering the principles, amount, layout, scale, landscaping communicating the context and the scheme’s attributes and appearance (see Preparing a design and access statement ) . y Access – covering inclusive access and connectivity to and within the 4.27 A Heritage Statement will also be necessary where the application site may positively or negatively impact a heritage asset, whether or not 4.34 We strongly advise applicants to use our Design and access the asset is designated. This can be included as part of the Design and statement guidance and template in preparing their design and Access Statement (see Preparing a heritage statement ). access statement. 4.28 Other planning application requirements can be identified through Cornwall Council’s validation guide. They include clear and informative drawings. Plans should be to scale, with architectural designs professionally drawn that are as easy as possible for professional and community stakeholders to interpret. 4.29 Although Cornwall Council will be undertaking statutory consultations it is important to include details of pre-applications consultations with the community and other stakeholders within the planning documentation to set out both the nature of the engagement and how this has shaped the proposals. Communications between the applicant or agent and Cornwall Council’s Planning and Sustainable Development Service should be maintained during the application process.
page 14 | 4. Effective design process consultation draft 4.35 Preparing a Heritage Statement 4.36 Heritage Statements should comprise of a Statement of Significance and a Heritage Impact Assessment. The level of detail provided should be no more than is sufficient to understand the significance of the heritage assets involved and the potential impact of any proposals on that significance. Cornwall Council has developed online advice for different types of development. ` Produce a statement of significance – an initial stand-alone understanding of the site 1. Identify the site, the heritage assets and their settings 2. Assess heritage significance, including the distinctiveness of the identified assets and their settings, sensitivities and capacity for change irrespective of any known proposals. ` Produce a heritage impact assessment 3. Summarise any proposals, assess impacts and harm to the significance – further detailed assessments may be required, as appropriate 4. Design and Mitigation Strategy – show how the understanding gained from the various stages of assessment has informed the design and development process a. look for opportunities to avoid, minimise or mitigate impact b. look for opportunities to better reveal or enhance significance, create a more sustainable and interesting place c. justify any harmful impacts (in terms of sustainable development, the need for change, overriding benefits etc.) d. offset negative impacts through recording, disseminating and archiving archaeological and historical information
Statement of significance + Heritage impact assessment = Heritage statement
page 15 | 4. Effective design process RRobinson’sobinson’s Engine House, Heartlands, PPoolool consultation draft 4.37 Phase 4: Delivery 4.41 Community engagement and collaborative 4.38 Following the grant of planning permission it will be necessary to design provide technical details to the Highways Department for those roads 4.42 The Outcomes in this Design Guide provide key ingredients for which are to be adopted as well as approval of details required under good design but are deliberately not prescriptive in order to allow Building Regulations. Guidance on this is available in the Streetscape opportunities for collaborative and innovative design involving Design Guide, and the Adoptions Standards. both communities and Cornwall Council. This can be best achieved 4.39 Consideration must also be given to ensuring the maintenance through meaningful, accessible and ongoing engagement from the and long term stewardship of the public spaces and features of the earliest stage through to when the buildings have been completed and development (see Climate change and community resilience ) occupied. 4.40 It is advisable to maintain a close relationship with both Cornwall 4.43 Although most people will agree on the main principles of what makes Council and the community even once approvals are in place to ensure a good place to live, design is subjective and there will be multiple that the approved scheme is successfully delivered and lived in options. The best and most innovative schemes respond positively to (see Outcome ENGAGE 1 ). the nuances of local context, lifestyle patterns and local needs. These can only be fully understood by collaborating with stakeholders, many of which will already have a long term relationship with the site or may soon be using the site for years to come whether as residents, employees or visitors. Thought should be given to who is likely to be affected by the development and therefore who the most appropriate consultees are for developers to engage with. For example, for most schemes many of the new residents have moved from within a short distance so some of the current neighbours may well become the new occupiers of a site. 4.44 Developers are strongly encouraged to engage early and be flexible to respond to the needs and views of the community and Cornwall Council. Established pre-application and design review processes are on offer to offer independent and positive design advice that support innovative proposals. Where consultation is at a late stage or not representative there is a risk that views may necessitate a return to earlier design stages. 4.45 What’s included here? 4.46 We set out conditions which we believe will help foster trust and dialogue amongst and between communities and built environment professionals, including those at Cornwall Council.
page 16 | 4. Effective design process consultation draft 4.47 Advantages of engaged communities and creating the conditions for collaborative design y Ensuring locally distinctive design by incorporating a localised flavour. y Achieving higher quality, more innovative solutions by drawing on lived and professional experience. y Responding to local needs and opinions should foster a sense of ownership amongst stakeholders. y Incorporating infrastructure that people are likely to use and value as it is based on a clearer understanding of existing patterns and needs. y Creating more cared for communities by improving a sense of community ownership and reducing resident turnover. y Strengthening relationships and bolstering trust between developers, the planning authority and the community. y Making the design and decision-making process smoother as it helps developers to get things right first time and reduce their risks. 4.48 What do we mean by this? 4.49 Community engagement on proposals needs to go beyond statutory consultation. Genuine involvement is proactive, early and ongoing through the design and development process. It should enable stakeholders to have a voice that will be heard and that can influence the nature of the development and detailed design. 4.50 We also recommend that Cornwall Council is engaged as early as possible and that the community, developers and other stakeholders take every opportunity to respond to consultations on planning policy and development proposals.
Outcomes that should be considered ENGAGE 1 : Engaged communities Communicating proposals to engage stakeholders as the design is worked up, ENGAGE 2 : Design review and recognition Netherlands page 17 | 4. Effective design process consultation draft Outcome consultation draft page 18 |4.Effective designprocess 4.52 4.51 following pointswilldependonthescale andnature ofthescheme. each phase.Theappropriateness designanddevelopment ofthe Engagement cannot berushed.Itmustprogrammed inalongside What we expect: Outcome ENGAGE 1:Engaged communities y y y y y y y y y y
During theconstruction phasestakeholders should continue to be an online/socialmediapresence to maximiseyour reach. Consider establishing acommunity liaison panel, anewsletter and at theearliest possiblestage interested parties anddevelopers inorder to engage thecommunity Engagement. Thisbringstogether thecommunity, theLocal Member, Consider following Cornwall Council’s Pre-Application Community format(s). accurately reported back to thestakeholders inauser-friendly Feedback received andhow itisaffecting thedesignmustbe questions helpfully answered. There shouldbeopportunities for thecommunity to have their are encouraged. Opportunities for stakeholders to witheach discusstheirviews other more traditional andworkshops. surveys creative methods shouldbeconsidered for engagement aswell as Use oftechnology e.g.upto date website andphone appsand understanding e.g.attending orholdingalocal event. of different ages andwithdifferent interestslevels of and Consideration shouldbegiven to how bestto reach stakeholders particular usergroups suchasdisAbilityCornwall andschools. or innovative schemesthisshouldincluderepresentatives of planning group ifthere For isonepresent. larger andmore complex Cornwall councillor, thelocal council andtheneighbourhood of thesite, neighbouringresidents andorganisations, thelocal are likely to includeanyexisting andidentified future occupants with allthoseincludeaffected These by thedevelopment. Developers shouldseekto raise awareness of proposals andengage and parts ofthecommunity includingharder to reach groups. format(s). Multiplemethods maybeneededto reach different ages Engagement mustbeinviting,accessible andinaninteresting
please see aspirations for thefuture. Drawn by ICECreates graphic scribes.For more information illustrations ofcommunity conversations capturing whatitislike to live there now and The Cranbrook HealthyNew Town Programme co-created thesereal-time graphic https://www.healthycranbrook.co.uk/cranbrook-together/ Outcome consultation draft page 19 |4.Effective designprocess y y
long term stewardship. helping to establish agovernance structure whichmayalsoassist volunteering, roles for local businesses,co-organising and events nature thismayincludespaces ofthedevelopment, for socialising, already exists inthevicinityanddependingonscale and its own senseofcommunity andsocial capacity. Buildingonwhat Developers shouldencourage ways for residents thenew to develop encouraged. Positive, longlastingrelationships withthe community are to inform necessary amendmentsandfuture phasesandschemes. occupation stages. Post-occupation shouldbeundertaken surveys Engagement shouldcontinue through to theoccupation andpost- hoardings pointsare andviewing encouraged. kept upto date. Opportunities suchasinformation presented on
DiasporDiaspora botanical gardens, Heartlands, Pool a bot anic al gar dens, Heartlands, P ool Outcome consultation draft page 20 |4.Effective designprocess 4.55 Westrongly encourage developers ofcomplex orlarger schemesto 4.54 4.53 support to highqualityandinnovation. offer opportunities to alsolend resolve anydesigndifficultiesbutthey practice bothlocally andfurther afield.Notonlydotheprocesses creatively abouttheadvice provided inthisdocumentandbest parallel withcommunity engagement andto helpdevelopers think liaise withCornwall Councilas early aspossible, continuing thisin What we expect: recognition Outcome ENGAGE 2:Designreview and y y y y
submitting themto competitions suchasthe Celebrate andhelppromote highqualityandinnovative schemesby Awards recognised to addvalue andhelpraise thebar. certifications are thisshouldbepromoted achieved are asthey other established benchmarkingschemes.Where development BuildingforConsider achieving Life, BuildingwithNature and material consideration inourdecision-making. have anystatutory planningfunction butitsguidance reports are a be includedin best consulted withinthepre-application periodandwilloften and theirteams are ableto test andrefine ideas andistherefore expertise. Itshouldbeseenasaforum withinwhichdevelopers encourage designexcellence anddraws onapoolofexternal design the planningauthorityto peerassessproposals. Itspurposeisto independently from management thedevelopment function of Engage and multipletimesthroughout thedesignprocess. possible. Pre-application advice can besoughtatdifferent stages Request andthe Cornwall’s DesignReview Panel pre-application advice Planning Performance Agreements RIBA Awards . from Cornwall Councilassoon
(CDRP).CDRPoperates Cornwall Sustainability . CDRPdoesnot Early discussion with ccommunities and stakeholders helpthedesign process. ommunities andst ak eholder s helpthe designpr oc ess. 5.3 Much has been lost or disturbed through inappropriate or insensitive 5 Locally distinctive development that has either disregarded or been oblivious to the 5.1 qualities that make Cornwall an especially distinctive home. To Introduction maintain Cornwall’s distinctiveness, development should contribute to 5.2 Cornwall is a distinctive place with its own culture and built and natural the sense of place; it should respond to the local historical, cultural and heritage and the Cornish people have the only national minority status landscape context and enhance and feel part of the existing settlement within what is now England. Our exceptional landscape and unique and landscape. This can include responding to both built and natural industrial, rural and coastal heritage and natural environment are attributes, for instance reflecting construction methods, built forms, reflected in designations for the Cornwall and Tamar Valley Areas of field patterns and landscapes. It may also include retaining or Outstanding Natural Beauty and the Cornwall and West Devon Mining enhancing key views, landscapes and buildings that provide a tangible Landscape World Heritage Site for example. link to Cornish culture as well as ensuring that local place names and character are understood and form part of the development proposals. Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONBs) AONBs benefit from the same level of protection as a national park, with AONB management plans forming a material consideration in the determination of planning applications and in development plan-making. Cornwall features two AONBs. The Cornwall AONB covers 12 areas with a diverse range of landscapes varying from the rugged uplands of Bodmin Moor and West Penwith to the tranquil estuaries of the Fal, Helford and the Fowey. The Tamar Valley AONB straddles the Devon and Cornwall border extending north from the broad estuary at Plymouth to the intricate, deeply incised river that meanders just below Launceston. World Heritage Site (WHS) WHSs are considered to be of outstanding value to humanity. The Cornwall and West Devon Mining Landscape WHS covers 10 locations reflecting the contribution Cornwall and West Devon made to the industrial revolution in the rest of Britain and to the fundamental influence the area had on the mining world at large. Cornish technology embodied in engines, engine houses and mining equipment was exported around the world. The WHS Management Plan is a material consideration in the determination Rawlinson patent slate affixing method, invented in Lostwithiel in 18th century of planning applications and in development plan-making and the 5.4 Cornwall has always been a place of innovation, shaping places WHS also benefits from its own adopted Supplementary Planning and buildings to fit our circumstances. Distinctiveness is about Document which sets out in detail why the WHS is important and establishing a connection with the local landscape, materials and how it is to be protected through the planning system. traditions of Cornwall, not about an adherence to ancient forms or imitating historic architecture. Furthermore contexts evolve over page 21 | 5. Locally distinctive consultation draft time, along with community aspirations. Cornwall Council promotes An extreme example of the Cornish adapting to local topography, Carn Brea innovation in development and a ‘new Cornish vernacular’ that establishes development of modern construction that fits the local climatic, natural, social and cultural landscapes. Early contact with Cornwall Council and the use of the Distinctiveness Guide are strongly encouraged to establish a response that is appropriate – we relish considered challenge!
“ ‘enhancing’ distinctiveness means ensuring that the circumstances of today’s communities are represented alongside what is inherited, not producing a pastiche” (Cornwall Council’s Distinctiveness Toolkit)
5.5 Why local distinctiveness is important: y Good buildings and spaces that resonate with place and setting tend to feel responsive, sensitive and relevant. y Local people and communities more readily accept, value and development stronger affiliations and a sense of ownership of new developments that become part of a place, respect its unique character and identify with the built and natural environment. y Places that resonate and fit within a community are more likely to be cared for and better maintained. y Cohesive, integrated and well-designed places are highly desirable places to live, work and visit and attract more investment. y Good quality development is an investment with buildings and spaces retaining their value and relevance over time. y Retaining site features can reduce development costs This Chapter is divided into three topics Each topic provides a brief explanation of what we are trying to achieve and a series of outcomes that we will use to determine planning applications for new development. Landscape and natural heritage Building form and materials Heritage, culture and language page 22 | 5. Locally distinctive consultation draft 5.6 Topic: Landscape and natural heritage 5.11 New developments must contribute to place and visual distinctiveness, with the aim of creating places where people feel a sense of belonging 5.7 Cornwall’s amazing diversity of scenery that ranges from moorland to and pride in their neighbourhood. Making sure that a new development beach to soaring cliffs and gently rolling pastures reflects the incredible both forms a new community and becomes part of the wider diversity of the underlying geology, expressed in changes in landscape, community is key to delivering successful places and enhances cultural materials used for buildings and enclosures, and the mining and distinctiveness. industrial sites that have exploited the geological resource for centuries. Around 30% of Cornwall is designated as an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty and there are numerous other national and local landscape, biodiversity and geodiversity designations. Cornwall also has a richly diverse historic landscape with exceptional archaeological complexes and a multitude of natural and engineered features that speak of a culture forged in the sometimes harsh natural environment. 5.8 Trees and hedges have an important role to play in the distinctiveness and sustainability of our places. Cornwall is a land of ancient trees and hedges and the remains of plant hunter introductions. An icon of the Cornish landscape is the Cornish hedge, with some traced back 3,500 years. Each part of Cornwall has its own distinctive style of hedge construction. 5.9 Cornwall has distinctive ways of living and working in a beautiful, varied and often rugged environment and topography. This includes winding and often steep valley forms, sheer cliffs and an extraordinary landscape. Flat land is in short supply and Cornish settlements have adapted to building on steep slopes and making the most of every last piece of land available. Modern development methods have the ability to significantly alter the shape of sites to create flat, open spaces. However, this often results in the creation of significant retaining structures and development that fights its context. 5.10 There are distinctively Cornish means of adapting to the natural environment that reflect the diverse topography and geology. Good Cornish development has always lived closely and respectfully with nature. Whilst there is no one form of development that can be called distinctly Cornish, as most are particular to their smaller part of Outcomes that should be considered in your design Cornwall, it is partly the sensitive responses to the natural conditions LANDSCAPE 1: Embedding landscape and natural heritage – geology, topography, vegetation and climate – that makes Cornwall what it is. There is further guidance in Climate change and LANDSCAPE 2: Trees and hedges community resilience on how to continue traditions in light of a changing climate. LANDSCAPE 3: Working with topography page 23 | 5. Locally distinctive consultation draft Outcome consultation draft page 24|5.Locally distinctive 5.14 Places thatare anddevelopements distinctively Cornishare developed 5.13 5.12 spaces, gardens andspaces between buildings. to natural features andincorporating reflective aspectswithinopen in harmonywiththeirsurrounding landscape, responding positively What we expect: and natural heritage Outcome LANDSCAPE 1:Embeddinglandscape y y y y y y
shelter andprotection for buildings,green new spaces andgardens. its surroundings, suchasusing theform ofthelandscape to create respondsDevelopment to theclimaticconditions ofthesite and nectar richplantsfor pollinators rather thanclosely mown grassland. Creative landscape design,incorporating wildflower meadows and landscape andwherever possiblelinksdirectly to it. Design ofgreen spaces provides interpretation ofthesurrounding (see include retention oftrees andnative plantswhere possible part oftheschemedesignto reinforce asenseofplace. Thisshould (trees, hedgebanks, lanes,footpaths for example) form anintegral Existing landmarksandfeatures withinorontheedge ofthesite (see Outcome infrastructure andworking sensitively withslopes particularly through theresponse to retention ofcharacteristic green natural features are reflected inthelayout anddesignofthesite, Distinctive forms ofthelandscape, includinggeological and (see surrounding landscape asrecorded intheContext Appraisal The designandlayout isaresponse ofthedevelopment to the Healthy green andinclusive Effective design process LANDSCAPE 3 ). ). ). A further example ofaCornish hedge- enhancingboth local distinctiveness andbiodiversity Outcome consultation draft page 25|5.Locally distinctive Perranporth)(Coast, New Cornishhedges definingproperty boundariesusing locally distinctive stone 5.17 Trees andhedges shouldwhere possibleberetained andcelebrated 5.16 5.15 and otherhistoric features. advisers to helpunderstand thesignificance andpotential of hedges bring.Werecommendthat they developers engage historic landscape within ornear for development thecultural distinctiveness andbenefit What we expect: Outcome LANDSCAPE 2:Trees and hedges y y y
design ofhedges inthelocality. CornishhedgesNew reflect the form, useoflocal materials and wider benefitsofa particularly distinctive layout. need to bepartially removed for anoverriding reason, suchasthe assets) are retained inthelayout unlessitisdemonstrated thatthey Cornish hedges (andotherdesignated andnon-designated historic (see Outcome plantingsmadetoand new create succession by further tree andunderstorey planting.Mature trees are retained distinctiveness, highbiodiversity orlandscape value, andenhanced a deliberately introduced landscape ornatural feature of Existing trees are retained onsite, especiallywhere reflect they GREEN5 ).
RRetained trees supplemented withnew landscaping, Boscawen Woods, Truro e t ained tr ees supplement ed withne w landsc aping, Bosc aw en W oods, T rur o Outcome consultation draft page 26|5.Locally distinctive Avoid theneedfor external steps andretaining walls by working withthetopography 5.20 Topography shouldnotbeover-engineered to make iteasier to build 5.19 5.18 standard housingtypesandtopography shouldnotbethedriver oflayout. What we expect: topography Outcome LANDSCAPE 3:working with y
large scale cutandfill. topography ofthesite asmuchpossibleto reduce theneedfor shouldbemodified.Work withthe of layout whythey existing away, unlessthere isaclear advantage interms ofcoherence Landforms are typically retained andrespected, andnotengineered Development) How terraces can bestepped individually insteep locations (image courtesy ofTreveth y y y
site. Planting mayalsohelpmitigate thevisualdifference. andavoiddevelopment transporting buildingwaste andspoiloff Explore opportunities to recycle buildingmaterials withinthe retaining structures includingwalls andgabions. and down housingandreducing slopes, splitlevel theneedfor tall terraces runningalongcontours andstepped terraces runningup site are minimised,usingcharacteristic methods suchasrows or Ensure thatheightdifferences between individualplotswithinthe surrounding area. heightstodevelopment thoseoftheimmediate context and Createdevelopments. successful transitions by relating new Manage heightdifferences between existing andproposed 5.21 Topic: Building form and materials 5.22 Cornwall has a wide variety of building types and architectural styles. It can be difficult to identify what is traditionally Cornish or what is traditional to the immediate locality, but most successful developments use materials that are available locally e,g, stone, slate and rendered finishes. There is a huge variety of building forms across Cornwall, but a recurring feature is the efficient use of land and use of often dense forms in towns and villages. There is wide use of terraced forms to respond to and take advantage of sloping sites. In more rural areas, small huddles of buildings and farmsteads nestle into the landscape, creating a pattern of development that looks at home in the landscape. 5.23 Materials are often the most immediately distinctive features and have a key influence on the form and appearance of buildings. As building techniques have evolved materials are often less directly related to the form of the building (and may not even be structural), providing more opportunity to innovate. Cornish buildings tend to be simple in their use of materials and finishes, rarely using more than two or three different materials in one building. Traditional and contemporary forms should take their cue from this and reduce the palette of materials used to avoid visual clutter.
Examples of building form and materials adapting to local context within Cornwall (images courtesy of Treveth Development). This illustrates how house types may be adapted. The most appropriate design response will vary between each site and must reflect the Context Appraisal
Outcomes that should be considered in your design FORM 1: Building form FORM 2: Using the right materials FORM 3: Domestic details, extensions and alterations page 27 | 5. Locally distinctive consultation draft Outcome consultation draft page 28|5.Locally distinctive 5.26 Gooddesigndraws onthepositive elementsofbuildingsover time 5.25 5.24 should besensitive to theexisting building. in innovative ways. Conversion andextensions to traditional buildings (traditional andmore modern),reflecting the forms ofdevelopment What we expect: Outcome FORM 1:Buildingform y y y y y y y y y
Climate change andcommunity resilience and climate resilience (see homes where appropriate), whilstmeeting theneedsofmodernlife buildingformsnew ofCornwall (includingincorporating terraced Traditional buildingsshouldinform butnotdictate thepredominant and dormers are carefully considered. Roofscapes, rooflines and roof structures vents suchaschimneys, sensitive to thecontext. The proportions anddetails ofbuildings,doors andwindows are appropriate to thecontext. to establish asenseofplace andsupport greater densitieswhere Designs reflect theimportance of topography andscale, usingheight residential schemee.g.through architecture materials andlayout. Where locally appropriate there isasenseofvariety withina help integrate buildings. new widths, massingofbuildings,buildinglines,landscape, styles,to surrounding area, interms ofurban grain, street patterns and Designs anddensitiesreflect and respect thecharacter ofthe is locally distinctive oracceptable. Existing insensitive mustnotset development aprecedent for what Cornwall. which fitwithinthenatural, socialandcultural landscape of creating places thatare comfortable to live inandeasier to maintain materials, historic features, traditions andclimaticconditions, Buildings, forms andmaterials respond to thelocal landscape, modern forms into thebuiltandnatural environment. forms ofCornishbuilding,introducing exciting butappropriate Innovation draws from andreinterprets traditional andancient Liveable homes and chapters). Modern useoftraditional stone includingdetailing andCornishhedge(CoastPerranporth) > > Outcome consultation draft page 29|5.Locally distinctive 5.29 5.28 5.27 possible (seeOutcome Materials thatfitintheirlocal context shouldalways beusedwherever What we expect: Outcome FORM 2:Using therightmaterials y y y y y y
distract from thearchitecture. be considered inthedetailed donotovertly designsothatthey External fittingssuchasdrainpipes, gutters andmeter boxes should Climate change andcommunity resilience appropriate inconservation areas (see and detailed to fitwithlocal tradition e.g. wet-laid slate maybe buildings –for instance slate hanging faces prevailing winds Materials are carefully selected andusedin the rightplace on materials perbuildingisusuallysufficient. to foster cohesion. Nomore thanthree different external building A limited mixofbuildingstyles,materials andcolours are included techniques. The useofmaterials responds to localised buildingdetailing and that match orcomplement thoseusedinthearea. Understand thelocal geology andusematerials orcolour finishes buildings, includingmodernbuildingtypesandforms. Traditional orcomplementary materials are usedacross all RESOURCE5 ). Liveable homes chapters). and materials within Cornwall mat Modern applicapplication of local erials within Cornw ation of loc all al Outcome consultation draft page 30|5.Locally distinctive 5.40 Thedetailed home,oradomesticextension designofanew or 5.39 5.38 Outcomes inthisDesign Guide,especiallythoseinthe the scale andnature ofthescheme)andfollow theotherrelevant It shouldbeinformed by the features where thesecontribute positively to theessence oftheplace. those oftheirsurroundings interms ofperiod,detailing anddistinctive alteration shouldreflect anyoriginalbuildings to be retained and original buildingare unlikelyto beapproved. ofthe alterations from withtheproportions that detract orconflict distinctive and alterations Outcome FORM 3:Domesticdetails, extensions and sensitive to theirsurroundings Extensions to shouldbesubservient andinkeeping withtheexistingproperty Typical considerations for theform ofanew homeanddomesticextension. What we expect: y
reason notto. surrounding properties andcreate unlessthere symmetry isagood Designs shouldfitwiththe proportion orcharacter ofproperty and and Liveable homes Context appraisal chapters. Extensions andother Extensions (proportionate to Locally should alignwiththoseonthe existingproperty; rear extensions should alsobesubservient Side extensions shouldtypically step backfrom themainelevation anddoors andwindows y y y y
overtly from whenviewed evident thefront ofthehouse. way to visuallyjointheextension. Rear extensions shouldnotbe elevation androoflines shouldalsostep down unlessthisisalogical Side extensions shouldstep back from theoriginaldwelling’s front building andtheroof shouldmaintain thesamepitch (seeOutcome in design.Theridge andeaves shouldbelower thantheoriginal The roof ofanextension shouldcomplement theoriginalhouse appropriately to ahighstandard are unlikely to beapproved. to ventilate the roof void once complete. Flatroofs unlessdesigned FORM 1 look. look. in heightthantheexisting property to keep acoordinated overall house andshouldbenarrower inwidth,shorter indepthandlower size. Ingeneral terms extensions shouldbesmallerthantheoriginal Extensions shouldnotdominate theexisting buildinginshapeor likely to affect them. Two storey extensions are more likely to cutout centre line ofyour neighbour’s nearest ground floor window is less extension behindalinedrawn atanangleof45degrees from the Extensions shouldnotimpact onneighbouringproperties. An ). At thisstage itisimportant to ensure thatitispossible Outcome consultation draft page 31|5.Locally distinctive properties Basic principlesfor appropriate inclusionofdormers innew andexisting y y y y y
alteration are unlessthey acharacteristic of the property. should notoverhang. Donotintroduce boxy fascias aspart ofan Fascias shouldgenerally sitflushwiththe external walls and roofs aesthetic appeal inthelongterm (seeOutcome details shouldberobust to withstand weathering andmaintain its ensure itisnotvisuallyintrusive. Thematerials andconstruction of materials between theoriginalbuildingandextension needsto should match orcomplement theexisting building.Thetransition The size, colour andtexture ofthematerials usedonanextension distance (seeOutcome Privacy shouldbemaintained between properties usingdesignor roof, avoiding flat roofs unlessitisa genuine period detail. Dormers the property. Theshapeofthe dormershouldreflect theshapeof Dormers shouldbeset infrom the ridge, theeaves andthesideof homes shouldconsider theseaspectsinrelation to nearby properties. house, particularly onelevations to by beviewed thepublic;new up withandfollow thedetail andproportions ofthoseontheoriginal extensions andalterations: windows, balconies anddoors shouldline and balconies shouldtypically beavoided inolderproperties. For of fake are styles;they convincing. never PVCu shouldnotbeused hanging however, are generally flushwiththe façade. creates ashadow lineandasenseofsolidity. Windows inslate Set windows back from theexternal walls by atleast 50mm.This be built on the boundary (seeOutcomebe builtontheboundary neighbour’s lightthanasinglestorey oneandshouldnotnormally INTERNAL3 ). INTERNAL3 FORM 2 Avoid theuse ). ). should bereflect thelocal context Example town and rural treatments boundary –the designfor eachproperty y y y y y y y
be considered inthedetailed donotovertly designsothatthey External fittingssuchasdrainpipes, gutters andmeter boxes should building interms offootprint orheight(seeOutcome Garages andoutbuildingsshouldnotcompete withthemain bollards andclosecutgrass (seeOutcomes needs to remain natural, avoid theunnecessary useofmounding, given to thehighway verge outsidetheproperty whichinrural areas styles thatare typical to thelocality. Consideration alsoneedsto be Property boundariesshouldfollow thevernacular construction PARKING 2 porches unlessitisagenuine perioddetail. design andshapeofthemainroof onthehouse.Avoid flat roofs for features oftheproperty. Itshouldbemodestinsize, andreflect the A porch shouldnotconflict or compete withtheotherarchitectural impact (seeOutcome permission are encouraged where there isnooverriding visual rain water aspart ofalterations harvesting requiring planning through materials, appropriate renewable energy generation and Opportunities to improve thesustainability ofhomesincluding lights sitintheroof, notperched onthesurface. The possible andbelimited insize where are they onmore visibleroofs. Roof lightsshouldbelocated onlessprominent roofs wherever EXTERNAL 1 dwelling shouldhave family sized garden andstorage, seeOutcome likely future occupants of theproperty (for example, afamily sized Existing amenityspace shouldberetained relative to theneedsof separate dormers are preferred over asinglelarge dormer. should beconsiderably smallerinscale thanthemainroof. Smaller, distract from thearchitecture (seeOutcomes correct flashingshouldbeused for slate roofs sothatthe roof and ). STEWARD 1 RESOURCE2 ). ).
STREETS 2 FORM 1 PARKING 2 and , TRAVEL 1 FORM 2 ). ). , 5.30 Topic: Heritage, culture and language not, should all be assessed carefully in site selection and scheme design to ensure that they are protected and enhanced. For the larger 5.31 Cornwall’s Celtic language, Kernewek, is still visible every day, settlements, Cornwall Council has already completed work on Historic especially in the names of places and is increasingly audible as people Characterisation and many settlements have Conservation Area take up the language and so extend pride in Cornwall’s history, culture Appraisals and Management Plans to aid understanding and sensitive and identity. In some parts of eastern Cornwall medieval English development in historic places. names are the locally distinctive equivalent of Cornish, and in some marginal areas that were settled late there are distinctive English names that reflect this stage in our history. Given the national minority status, there is added impetus to celebrating and extending use of Kernewek, for example through its use in the naming of new places, including settlements, streets and buildings, and by providing Cornish translations alongside historic English naming. 5.32 The Cornish have created many ways of relating to form and place, maintaining ancient (and more modern) customs, traditions, festivals and gatherings that relate to the form and mystery of the land and places within it. Integration of things that are meaningful to Cornish culture into new developments helps to promote pride and sense of identity. The opportunity for new development to include places where people can gather and interact, though conversation, entertainment or sport, as has been traditional in Cornish settlements. Continuing this will reduce social isolation amongst people of all ages and will have a significant positive effect on physical and mental health. 5.33 Development should always look to weave Cornish and more local identity into development through retaining existing Cornish names and providing new Cornish names, maintaining cultural traditions and recognising the cues provided by historic development and building types and forms.
“Cultural distinctiveness is not static, and neither is it based in the past alone, but goes on developing as society changes and grows” (Cornwall Council’s Distinctiveness Toolkit)
5.34 Villages and towns evolve and change, but valued qualities and distinctive characteristics need to be retained and reinforced, even when there is significant growth and development. Historic buildings, boundaries and spaces, whether they are statutorily protected or Cornish (Celtic) language in place-names page 32 | 5. Locally distinctive consultation draft Outcome consultation draft page 33|5.Locally distinctive Interpretative board celebrating local history, Boscawen Park, Truro 5.37 mustenhance developments New theirhistoric context andcharacter, 5.36 5.35 HERITAGE 1: Outcome thatshouldbeconsidered inyour design established places. adding further richness,diversity andquality, creating adialoguewith Outcome HERITAGE 1:Celebrating Cornishheritage What we expect: y y y
engagement. such asNeighbourhoodPlansandraised through community to local features highlighted asdistinctive by local statements Recognise andsustain distinctive forms andrespond ofdevelopment of thedevelopment. associations andhow thisshouldbereflected inthe form andlayout Consider how thesite isdistinctive interms ofplace namesand Identify, protect andenhance key andlandmarkbuildings. views Celebrating Cornishheritage on street names atNansledanpleasesee Cornish street namesincorporated into buildings onDelaboleslate. For more information Tregunnel Hill(courtesy of Nansledan (c Charlie Sainsbur T Nansledan (courtesy ofDylanThomas) Charlie Sainsbury-Plaice) r egunnel Hill(c ourt ourt y-Plaic es y ofDylanThomas) es y of e) https://nansledan.com/about/cornish-language/ Nansledan (imageofDylanThomas) Nansledan (c Nansledan (courtesy ofDylanThomas) ourt es y ofDylanThomas) . 6 Connected and accessible 6.1 Background 6.2 Cornwall’s new neighbourhoods should be located and designed to ensure travel is minimised, movement on foot and by bike is an inviting and convenient option, and public transport is within walking distance. Residential streets must be inclusively and attractively designed to encourage social interaction and maximise biodiversity potential.
An inviting path benefiting from natural surveillance, lighting and greenery, alongside private front gardens, Cranbrook 6.4 Getting the connections between places right is critical to the successful movement and inclusive integration of communities as well as safe and healthy lifestyles. It is extremely difficult to retrofit additional transport linkages within and adjoining a site once a development has been built so they must be carefully planned from the very beginning. Railways, streets and even paths are likely to outlive many of their accompanying buildings and may create a legacy that lasts hundreds of years which reinforces the need for futureproofing for foreseeable needs and offering adaptable spaces. 6.5 Neighbourhoods should be designed around existing or new communities, retail and service hubs; providing opportunities to cater for residents’ essential needs (such as food shopping or accessing Car free Leeds Dock with features incorporating planting, sociable seating, leisure space a library or nursery), employment and social, cultural and leisure and local information activities. Ideally, there should be a range of such functions within a 6.3 Footpaths, cycle paths, public transport potential, streets, and 5 to 10 minute walk. Residents of a new neighbourhood should not appropriate cycle and car parking are fundamental aspects of any have to travel by car to access essential services. A well designed masterplan. They all enable connections and the streets and paths neighbourhood should significantly reduce the need for long trips help define the areas where buildings and open spaces will be placed. for day-to-day activities for its inhabitants. This will enable residents They also contribute substantially to the public realm including both its to have lifestyles with a lower carbon footprint, better physical and appearance and how it functions. mental health, and greater opportunities for forming attachments with their local community. page 34 | 6. Connected and accessible consultation draft 6.6 What’s included here? 6.9 This Chapter is divided into three topics 6.7 Travel infrastructure is much more than just steel and tarmac. Particularly for residential and high streets, travel planning must be Each topic provides a brief explanation of what we are trying to achieve focussed on the human experience. Public transport stops, roads, paths and a series of outcomes that we will use to determine planning and parking should respond to their surrounding uses, integrating applications for new development. with planned and existing development and responding to the needs of the community and environmental pressures. In new residential The right streets for the right places developments this means a close relationship between sustainable Prioritising active travel and encouraging public transport use modes of travel, key destinations such as community facilities, green infrastructure and spaces for social interaction, all supported by a Providing appropriate cycle and car parking layout which is both permeable and legible. The Outcomes set out in this Priority Area are the factors that will help realise this approach. 6.8 Why are connected and accessible places important? y Active travel promotes regular physical activity which is essential for good physical and mental health and provides opportunities for socialisation and more cohesive communities. y Walkable neighbourhoods with easy access to facilities increases inclusivity and boosts life chances, bearing in mind that 17% of Cornwall’s households do not have a car 1. y Reducing the prevalence of and dependence on cars creates more attractive, safer and cleaner environments which contribute less to the climate change emergency. It also frees up space for other uses and features such as green infrastructure.
Street art reflecting local heritage and re-enforcing the sense of place, Redruth
Small commercial units supporting walkable employment and facilities, Nansledan, Newquay (image courtesy of Dylan Thomas)
1 Cornwall Local Insight 2017, OSCI and Local Insight page 35 | 6. Connected and accessible consultation draft 6.10 Topic: The right streets for the right places 6.14 Innovative layout solutions that prioritise non-vehicular movements and parking being positioned so that it does not impede other users 6.11 What do we mean by this? or the attractiveness of the development are encouraged. This could 6.12 Streets should be designed to respond to their setting and required include for example, certain streets being pedestrianised with parking function. The diagram below illustrates the types of roads that are being sensitively located away from heart of the development. needed according to their role and location. 6.15 Ideally, residential developments will be car-free or partly car-free, with roads at the periphery of a neighbourhood and not structuring its internal layout. This model can allow for greater open space and green infrastructure, and safer and more attractive active travel alongside higher density residential development. Through traffic should definitely not be encouraged to use new residential areas. 6.16 The design of new streets must be inclusive, taking into account the needs of all occupiers and visitors including those at different life stages and those with disabilities. Consultation and a well-considered strategy is needed to address the needs of different user groups and potentially conflicting requirements for utilities, street furniture, trees and parking (see Outcomes ENGAGE 1 and ENGAGE2 )
Bronze with Cornish tin art embedded into granite, Falmouth 6.17 High quality public spaces with well-placed street trees, street furniture, Diagram: appropriate outcomes movement and place public art and signage are encouraged to help create opportunities to 6.13 For residential streets this means prioritising the human experience rest and socialise, to reinforce a sense of place and aid way-finding. over vehicular flow, providing enticing and user-friendly walking and Thought should be given to how features may be integrated into the cycling opportunities, and attractive spaces which people enjoy using. fabric of buildings themselves to create a character or unique feature. Developments should be permeable for active travel, whilst car traffic 6.18 Some of the most effective examples of way finding infrastructure and parking should be limited to the minimum needed.Computer are very simple and rely on colour coding to show particular routes or modelling software can help to establish an understanding of a theme, such as a separate colour for services, recreational routes, proposals’ future impacts on local travel networks and travel patterns direct routes etc. to help developers select the best option. page 36 | 6. Connected and accessible consultation draft Colour coded signage indicating times supporting active travel, Falmouth 6.19 These features are often best fixed to walls and buildings at levels where they can be clearly seen and can give people confidence to walk or cycle in unfamiliar surroundings.
Ceramic street name incorporated into building, Truro Outcomes that should be considered in your design STREETS 1: Ensuring connectivity from the beginning STREETS 2: People-friendly streets page 37 | 6. Connected and accessible IntInteractiveeractive musicmusicalal strstreeteet art,art, Lblubjana consultation draft Outcome consultation draft page 38|6.Connected andaccessible 6.22 Connectivityfor alltravel modesmustbedesignedinfor and new 6.21 6.20 potential attheearliest development possiblestage. What we expect: the beginning Outcome STREETS 1:Ensuringconnectivity from y y y y y y y y y y
direct path. stop wherever possible,accessible from alegible andreasonably 200 metre) walking distance ofanexisting publictransport ornew Homes are withinaconvenient, safe andattractive 400metre (ideally transport andlocal employers. and otherkey destinationssuch, includinggreen space, public direct access by active travel modesto community facilities, services Wherever possible,each property shouldhave seamless, reasonably Active transport routes shouldreflect desire lines. travel access. modal filter which restricts motorised transport butprovide active isabsolutelysac development discouraged andunlessitispart ofa especially for walking to andcycling, avoid circuitous routes. Cul-de- Within thesite there mustbealegible andpermeable layout, included, includingactive travel links. infuture,developed potential access pointsto thatlandmustbe Where site adevelopment isadjacent to asite thatmaybe settlements andkey destinationswithinandnear thesite. and promotes integration withadjacent neighbourhoodsand A residential street andpath layout whichmaximises connections tandem withtheiradjacent uses. The designingofindividualstreets andpaths musttake place in Detours through should beavoided. thedevelopment a reasonably direct route in,through andoutof thedevelopment. Where streets are shouldbelaidoutto usedby buses they provide accordingly. either asprimarilyresidential ortransit routes anddesigned A clear andappropriate street hierarchy -streets shouldbeidentified the needfor car transportation andmustbeclearly signposted. to beexploited wherever exist they withinornear thesite to reduce Current andplannedpublic transport stops includingrail services are NNon-linear road layout slows traffic, Lightmoor o n - l i n e y y y y a
r informal parking thatcan hindertheiraccess. where applicable buses,atalltimeswhilstavoiding opportunities for enable access by emergency vehicles, waste collection vehicles and Roads, includingtheir entrances andexits, mustbedesignedto purpose purpose -built traffic calming measures. by highlightingthemultifunctional nature oftheroad rather than linear streets, corners, layout, materials andplantingto slow traffic Residential streets andjunctionsshould usefeatures suchasnon- encourage active travel precedence over car traffic. Residential streets shouldhave adesign–speedofupto 20mphto green infrastructure. any streets could bepedestrianisedto allow for socialactivitiesand through-traffic and consideration shouldbegiven as to whether residentialNew are developments to avoid attracting unnecessary
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L i g h t m o o r Outcome consultation draft page 39|6.Connected andaccessible 6.25 To maximiseactive travel andsocialinteraction, thehumanexperience 6.24 6.23 enjoy walking, socialisingand playing. cycling, settings inclusive spaces whichpeoplefindattractive andwhere they needs to beprioritised.Thisincludesmakingthestreets andtheir What we expect: Outcome STREETS 2:People-friendly streets y y y y y y y
use planting instead ofbollards asthesecan inhibit direct routes for If features are required to reduce informal parking, where possible including itsplanting(see Outcome into streets new andspaces withoutdisrupting the publicrealm planned for from theoutset sothat itcan besuccessfully integrated street furniture andelectric vehicle charging infrastructure mustbe Future technology infrastructure, suchassmartstreet lights,smart consideration ofthelocal street pattern (see protected landscapes andstrategic open space. Thisshouldinclude locations suchaswithinorinthesetting ofconservation areas, There mustbeparticular place-making emphasisinsensitive a meaningful scheme. requirements andutilities to avoid potential conflicts and to result in planned alongsideeach otheraswell andcar ascycle parking sense ofclutter orpresenting atriphazard. mustbecarefully They visibility for thosecrossing theroad, blockingroutes, creating a meaningfully placed to create asenseofplace withoutimpeding Street features including furniture, artandplantsshouldbe choosing theirlocation, speciesand root barriers where relevant. and Cornishhedge planting.Plantsmustbeprotected by carefully width. Thiscan bethrough theuseofstreet trees and/or shrubbery to helpcreate character, manage drainage andreduce theapparent All streets shouldmaximiseopportunities for green infrastructure place. encouraged where itisofahighqualityandenhances thesenseof be includedwhere ithasaclear andnecessary function. Publicartis Well designedandhighqualitystreet furniture andsignage should cycling andplay.cycling activity andsocialcontact by encouraging opportunities for walking, safe, inclusive, comfortable andattractive spaces whichfoster For residential streets, designpriorityshouldbegiven to establishing PARKING 2
FORM 1 ) ) Insufficient planning results in conflicts between planting, walkways, parkingand roads Tree-lined boulevard withpavements andgreen openspace, Bourneville Outcome consultation draft page 40|6.Connected andaccessible y y y
includes squares andothercommunal orpublicamenityspace. inclusive access. Itmayform part ofawideropenplanscheme which scheme mustbetailored to thelocation, givingfull consideration to any required comfort spaces for pedestrians.Thedesignofanysuch as well asappropriate delineators (whichmaybeakerb) thatdefine indicators whichannounce thestart andendoftheshared street, of residential streets. Thiswillbesubjectto appropriate gateway appropriate onshortsectionsofsmall,low-traffic streets e.g.ends Non-traditional, more openlayouts includingshared streets maybe mobility scooters orwalking aids. accessibility for lessmobilepeople,whomaybeusingwheelchairs, or partially sighted, andtheimplications ofsuchsurfaces on the provision oftactile surfaces thatare designedfor theblind Consideration shouldbegiven to thepotential for conflict between help reinforce thestreet hierarchy ordefine parking spaces. street furniture shouldbeusedto definedifferent features e.g. to of vulnerable usergroups. Aconsistent approach to materials and settingsthe specificbuilt/landscape as well asmeeting theneeds of materials to shouldrespond beused.They to and complement Consideration needsto begiven to thecolours, patterns andtype pedestrian access. Guardthose onfoot. rails beinstalled mustnever because block they
ActivActivee trtravelavel with grgreeneen infinfrastructure,rastructure, FFalmouthalmouth 6.26 Topic: Prioritising active travel and encouraging public transport use 6.27 What do we mean by this? 6.28 The environment plays a key role in influencing people’s decisions on how to travel as well as how far they need to go. A new residential development presents a considerable opportunity to reset people’s lifestyles as they must re-evaluate how they will travel for education, work, shopping and leisure. Locating community facilities near residents and near to each other is part of the answer but the details of the routes between destinations are also key. 6.29 We want walking, cycling and other forms of active travel to be the most attractive options for reaching local destinations so opportunities to enhance Cornwall’s walking and cycling networks must be embraced. Ideally any new neighbourhood should contribute by integrating into the wider Cornish and local pedestrian and cycling networks. The active travel routes should also be welcoming to visitors to the development to reduce car dominance and to help it integrate more thoroughly with the existing settlement. 6.30 Public transport use should also be specifically encouraged, whether as part of shorter local journeys or longer journeys using different modes of transport. It is not enough for active travel and public transport stops to simply be there, they need to be convenient, attractive, safe, comfortable, inclusive and legible. They need to be fully integrated into a development and connect with other modes of travel to maximise uptake.
Outcomes that should be considered in your design TRAVEL 1: Prioritising active travel TRAVEL 2: Encouraging public transport use
FFootpathootpath surroundedsurrounded byby greengreen infrastructureinfrastructure and cconnectingonnecting neneww homes with page 41 | 6. Connected and accessible neighbouring streets,streets, amenity spacspacee and the ccountryside,ountryside, CentCentenaryenary WWay,ay, TTruroruro consultation draft Outcome consultation draft page 42|6.Connected andaccessible Cycle access andparkingatHayleStation (imagecourtesy ofSustrans) 6.33 To create asuccessful, healthy andintegrated community, itisessential 6.32 6.31 to prioritiseactive travel includingonfoot andby bicycle. What we expect: Outcome TRAVEL 1:Prioritisingactive travel y y y
transport. mustnotend abruptlyinunhelpful They locations. the countryside, otherpotential sites development andpublic workplaces), community facilities includingshops andopenspaces, neighbourhoods, key destinations(e.g.schoolsandlarge connect withnearby networks, homes,existing nearby Footpaths paths andcycle within thesite mustwhere possible designed to allow children to move actively andwithminimal orno Key routes between houses,schoolsand otherfacilities shouldbe routes andpotential. will benefitfrom usingGISanalysis to understand local active travel including thepublicrightsofway network. Larger developments Build onandconnect to thewiderexisting network ofpaths 6.34 Public artincorporated into seating,Leeds y y y
for two wheelchairs to pass each other. free routes to encourage uptake. mustbewideenoughto They allow pointsandthedesirabilityfor oftraffic seating/quiet resting/playing topography, desire lines,appropriate shelter, wayfinding, theneed Footpath route andcycle designmusttake into account safety, and maybecome worn by desire lines. the path. Grass shouldbeavoided asthiscan bereadily traversed Where itisunsafe to cross aroad, plantingshould beusedto define and welcoming spaces. Footpaths paths andcycle mustbeinclusive, attractive, interesting supervision. Outcome consultation draft page 43|6.Connected andaccessible granite, Plymouth(imagecourtesy ofSustrans) Wheel channels to assistbike access where steps are stillneeded (i)Almere; and(ii)in Poorly integrated path cycle y y y
wherever possible. points to residential areas from majorarteries andhubsofactivities Ensure good accessibility access andmultiplepedestriancycle streets. mayrunalongsideeachsame destinations,they otherinresidential Where active travel andvehicular routes are going between the topography, withrest pointsifthere are lengthyorsteep sections. creation oflessdirect butflatter paths, makinga good useoflocal all ages andarange ofabilities.Insomecases thismayresult inthe Active travel routes shouldbeaccessible to andsuitable for users of rrobust granite bushes seating, lighting, signageand blackberry Coosebean GrGreenway connecting western suburbs withTruro city centre, featuring obust gr anit e seating, lighting,signage andblackberr eenw ay c onnecting w est ern suburbs withT y bushes rur o cityc entr e, f eat uring Outcome consultation draft page 44|6.Connected andaccessible To helpcombat climate change, reduce congestion andsupportmore 6.36 6.35 Cornwall includesrail, bus,park services. andrideferry local andlonger distance travel mustbeembraced. Publictransport in vibrant, inclusive communities, publictransport opportunities for transport use Outcome TRAVEL 2:Encouraging public y y y y y y y y y
other builtupareas with publictransport, it shoulddoso aneighbourhood’sWhenever own active travel network can connect Bus routes shouldbeefficientandnotcircuitous. from theoutset. to move in;thishelpsto establish thehabitofusingpublictransport a subsidisedbusservice intheearly years whentheresidents start provision intheirplanningapplications. mayneedto They provide For large developers mustshow proposed development, busservice hubs shouldalways beprovided, usingactive travel modes. Easy andwell signedaccess to thenearest publictransport stops and residential areas. is likely, busstops shouldbeonstreet (not belocated inlaybys) in transport andthelocation offacilities. Unlesssignificant congestion arethey integrated withthesite includingwithallother modesof Take advantage ofplannedtransport improvements by ensuring pedestrian network. willmaximiseuptakethey includingkey intersections withthelocal For publictransport new routes, stops shouldbeprovided where areas whichbenefitfrom natural surveillance. Public transport stops mustbeaccompanied by comfortable waiting facilities. there shouldbeadequate signage between thestop andthe Where publictransport cannot stop immediately next to facilities, (see Outcome Co-locate publictransport stops atorwithinashortwalk offacilities. STREETS 1 ) WWayfinding information for pedestrians, including public transport connections, Truro a y fi n d i n g
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T r u r o 6.37 Topic: Providing appropriate cycle and car parking For efficient use of the space and to accommodate blue badge holders, deliveries and visitors, on street parking should be unallocated. 6.38 What do we mean by this? 6.44 Electric charging points for cars and provisions for other low emission 6.39 Parking is important to the social and economic infrastructure of Cornwall. vehicles are encouraged. Where they are not initially provided, car parking Well planned residential parking involves delivering the right number spaces and roads should be designed to be able to offer electric charging spaces in the right places. People need to have confidence that they can in future. leave their bicycle or car in a convenient, safe and secure manner when they reach their destination. Planning for this will help ensure bicycles and 6.45 Potential future reductions in demand for parking as a result of potential cars are parked efficiently, in appropriate locations. modal shifts mean that spaces may need to be repurposed and the layout chosen for development must anticipate and allow for alternative uses of 6.40 In order to anticipate cycle and car parking demand and achieve the these spaces. right parking solutions it is important to understand the nature of the surrounding uses, opportunities for active travel, nearby public transport connections and frequency, and local car ownership trends. Cycle and car Outcomes that should be considered in your design parking should be an integral part of street design; designed in alongside other features such as walking and cycling routes, street trees, street PARKING 1: Cycle parking furniture and utilities to avoid conflicts and particular care must be taken to ensure that active travel dominates over cars. PARKING 2: Car parking 6.41 Cycle parking is important in encouraging uptake of active travel. It should be designed into developments offering bicycle storage for homes, businesses, schools, community facilities, visitor attractions and public spaces to ensure it is available at both ends of a journey. It should be in a prominent, accessible location which is preferably more convenient than the car parking. 6.42 Getting the level of car parking right is particularly important. Over provision of car parking should be avoided as it can lead to unattractive streets, smaller gardens, less green infrastructure, unsustainable transport habits and unhealthy lifestyles. Delivering enough car parking is also important to ensure that roads and spaces around them are used as they were designed to be and safety and access are not compromised. Developments with no car parking are also encouraged where they are carefully planned with Cornwall Council services to deliver the intended benefits in terms of sustainability and wellbeing without creating parking overspill issues. 6.43 Good car parking design should incorporate a mixture of on and off street parking provision designed in the context of soft and hard landscaping which does not dominate the streetscape and offers inclusive and flexible use. Unless they are supporting car-free streets, large car parks are to CCycleycle parking in the strstreeteet scsceneene (i) BristBristol,ol, (ii) St AAustellustell (images ccourtesyourtesy of SustrSustrans)ans) be avoided as these do not offer a convenient or attractive solution. and (iii) LeedsLeeds page 45 | 6. Connected and accessible consultation draft Outcome consultation draft page 46|6.Connected andaccessible 6.51 6.48 Convenient andsecure parking cycle isessentialto supportingactive 6.47 6.46 .0 Carparking mustrealistically meet demandwithoutimpacting onthe 6.50 6.49 travel. use over othermodesoftravel. appearance andsafety oractively ofadevelopment encouraging car What we expect: What we expect: Outcome PARKING 1:Cycle parking Outcome PARKING 2:Carparking y y y y y y y y y
Charging facilities for electricbikes are encouraged. domination. an enclosed, landscaped front garden inorder to reduce vehicle that there isatleast anequalamount ofthefrontage allocated to Where parking ispositioned to thefront oftheproperty, ensure but doesnotimpedetheflow or ofpeople,bicycles vehicles. surveillance andbecarefully placed sothatitiscloseto routes cycle Cycle parking inthepublicrealm shouldbenefitfrom natural possible, parking spaces shouldbeto thesideofproperties. to residents ordominate thefront elevation of thedwelling. Where integrated into the designandnotreduce garden space available Where on-plotcar parking is shown to beappropriate, itshouldbe Wherever possibleoutdoor parking cycle shouldbecovered. herringbone parking. parking within thestreet scene, for example acentral reservation of Where rows ofnarrow terraces are proposed, consider positioning and benefitfrom natural surveillance inthepublic realm. private orsemi-private space for homes,schoolsandplaces ofwork Cycle parking mustbeasconvenient andsecure aspossiblee.g.ina housing andotherlanduses. solutions maybeappropriate according to thecontext, typeof and thensmallblocksofoff-road parking. A combination of parking Preference isgiven to on-street parking followed by parking onplot transport stops. communityof work, facilities includingopenspaces andkey public Cycle parking shouldbeprovided for homes,schools,places new Garage set well behindhomefrontage andwithincurtilage,Truro natnature, Boscawen Woods, Truro Car ports withgrgreen roof providing visualamenity, enhanced drainage andspace for ur e, Bosc aw en W een r oods, T oof pr rur o viding visual amenity o , enhanc ed dr ainage andspac e f or Outcome consultation draft page 47|6.Connected andaccessible y y y y y y y y y y y y
relatively easily repurposed ofreduced intheevent parking demand. Consideration shouldbegiven to creating parking areas thatcan be available to each residence (includingon-street provision). with thenecessary infrastructure for electricvehicle charging to be cars. Ideally residential asaminimum,new parking shouldbeprovided Consideration shouldbegiven to solutionsfor thecharging ofelectric anticipated andmayhelpreduce overall car travel, car clubs. Provision ofsufficient parking space for visitors and,where demandis deck above can work well. For higherdensityschemes,underground parking withalandscaped access. features suchasstreet furniture andpublicartensure inclusive This mustalsobeconsidered alongsideutilitiesandpublic realm installnever railings for blockpedestrianaccess). thispurposeasthey impact ofparked cars andinappropriate parking (avoid bollards and Landscaping andtree plantingshouldbeusedto reduce thevisual white paint. quality materials shouldbeusedto define parking spaces rather than Where possibleparking space surfacing shouldbe permeable.Good home orcan park itsomewhere are they confident itwillbesafe. natural surveillance. Make sure peoplecan seetheircar from their Car parking needsto bedesignedwithsecurityinmind,including and connecting utilitiesandmeter boxes. points for waste storage andcollection, electricvehicle charging points Where there issufficientspace, rear parking courts can beeffective streets. benefit from natural surveillance and facilitate more people-friendly Carefully designedrear parking courts maybeappropriate where they car-free streets are proposed whichnecessitate larger parking areas. clusters ofnomore than5parking spaces. Exceptions to thisare where and ideally bepepper-potted throughout with thedevelopment Any off-road parking areas shouldbelocated assensitively aspossible appropriate parking courts. example isencouraged andmayassistwithnatural surveillance in Potential to usespace over garages for offices andplay rooms for behind themainbuildingline.Rows ofgarages mustbeavoided. home aspossibleandpreferably withinthecurtilage inlinewithor purposed by residents: mustbeascloseto They theircorresponding Garages donotcount asaparking space are asthey commonly re- Public parkingwithelectriccharcharging Kranj point, ging point , Kr anj requirement for Biodiversity Net Gain for all major development in 7 Healthy, green and inclusive Cornwall and encourages all scales of development to consider how 7.1 nature can be supported. We also encourage developments to apply Introduction Building with Nature standards, which set benchmarks to ensure the 7.2 Where we live influences our life choices. Numerous studies have provision of good green infrastructure in development. concluded a direct link between the quality of living environments 7.6 The Council supports the Government’s Healthy New Towns – especially access to green space – and happiness. Furthermore, programme and is applying the recommendations of ‘Putting Health inclusive development that truly integrates nature and green space is into Place’ into this guidance. This chapter covers outcomes related to also more sustainable and delivers important environmental, physical social spaces, activity, healthy eating and play and leisure. and mental health, social and economic benefits as well as increasing property values. More natural spaces are also easier to manage over the 7.7 long-term and offer multiple benefits as long as they are maintained correctly. Long term management details therefore need to form an integral part of all development proposals. 7.3 New development must ensure neighbourhoods enable people to live healthier lives, promote active lifestyles and facilitate opportunities for people to interact with each other and nature. Green space, trees and plants should be delivered as a community resource and designed to help bring communities together. They should also provide a number of practical benefits including recreation, helping us move around, drainage, tackling climate change, food growing and providing habitat for different species. 7.4 Activity is vital to a healthy lifestyle and the way that development is laid out has a direct impact on how easy it is to move around on a day to day basis and reduce car use, particularly for short journeys. Cycling and walking paths are an integral part of green places and are vital in encouraging active modes of transport, healthier lifestyles and improved accessibility. Public spaces and the paths between them must be designed to welcome people with the broadest range of needs as possible. We consider how best to deliver this in this chapter as well as the Connected and accessible chapter. 7.5 Nature has been in decline across the UK as a result of a number of factors, but it is increasingly vital that we ensure that all new development helps to deliver more, better and bigger green infrastructure and increases biodiversity. Cornwall Council adopted one of the firstEnvironmental Growth Strategies in the country in 2016 and is committed to ensuring that the environment is left in a better state than we inherited it. The Council has now introduced a GrGreeneen InfInfrastructurerastructure fforor GrGrowthowth biodivbiodiversityersity imprimprovementsovements at North CountrCountryy page 48 | 7. Healthy, green and inclusive consultation draft 7.8 What’s included here? 7.11 7.9 It is important to make sure that the components are right and that we reduce social and health inequalities through new development, enabling people to live more active and connected lives. The full integration of Cornish culture into new developments also helps to promote pride and sense of identity. The opportunity for new development to reduce social isolation amongst people of all ages is particularly important as this has a serious impact on physical and mental health. 7.10 Green infrastructure is a term that describes the creation or enhancement of a functional network of public open spaces, natural and semi-natural green (land) and blue (water) areas designed and managed to deliver a wide range of life supporting services such as water purification, air quality, space for recreation and climate mitigation and adaptation. It is about the creation of networks of green rather than the creation of isolated open spaces or spaces that are designed for only one purpose. It is vital that we plan positively for increases in natural environments and nature in new places for the benefit of the environment, biodiversity and human health and wellbeing.
Green and blue infrastructure with a walkway supporting nature and wellbeing , Truro page 49 | 7. Healthy, green and inclusive MatMatureure trtreeee and shrubs rretainedetained ttoo enhancenhancee biodivbiodiversityersity and visual amenityamenity,, TTruroruro consultation draft 7.12 Why greener, healthier and more inclusive places are important: This Chapter is divided into three key topics: y Ensuring a development is inclusive supports reductions in Everyday and inclusive green spaces inequality, less isolation, a more balanced society and stronger Places for healthy living communities which benefits everyone. y Developments that incorporate meaningful amounts of green Ensuring space for nature space, trees, amenities and areas that communities can meet in are Each topic provides a brief explanation of what we are trying to consistently popular, offer greater return on investment and sell faster than those without. achieve through and a series of benchmarks that we will use to determine planning applications for new development. y Active environments promote regular physical activity which is essential for good physical and mental health. Well planned places make walking, cycling and public transport the first choice for everyone. y Spending time in green spaces and natural environments has benefits to mental health, including reduced anxiety, increased self-esteem and wellbeing, improved mood, and improved academic performance. y Colourful and interesting built and green spaces help to build a sense of civic pride. y Enabling people to eat a balanced and healthier diet is a key part of tackling health inequalities and improving environments. Careful place-making can introduce residents to the ingredients needed for healthy eating through fruiting trees, gardens and allotments. y Playful surroundings promote leisure and activity and social interaction. Good place making and playful environments encourage people of all ages and abilities to come together, be active and enjoy leisure time collectively. y Sports provision is an important part of nurturing activity and building and maintain fitness. y Well-designed multi-functional green spaces can deliver environmental functions such as helping to mitigate flood risk, Visual and accessible amenity space with connecting path, natural surveillance, lighting, provide room for nature, reduce stress levels, regulate summer heat, hedges and trees, College Way, Gloweth. Additional biodiverse planting could further purify air and water purification and provide carbon sequestration. raise the value of this space.
page 50 | 7. Healthy, green and inclusive consultation draft 7.13 Topic: Everyday and inclusive green spaces 7.18 Multi-functional green space, provided as a network rather than a single large space, can get better value out of our green spaces by 7.14 What do we mean by this? making them do more than one thing: connect habitats, enable 7.15 Often, greenery in new developments has been provided as a series of recreaction, encourage walking and use land more carefully. Features incidental and poorly connected spaces such as verges, play areas or which maximise benefits include areas for play, seating, planting and left over areas from the layout of housing. Where play areas have been gardening opportunities. provided, they are often aimed at the youngest residents with little or 7.19 New development in Cornwall is expected to enhance the green nothing to interest children over the age of eight or encourage different networks and spaces that make our environment so distinctive, whilst generations to socialise in the same space. Gardens tend to be small ensuring that the spaces provide appeal to the widest possible number and their shape and form dictated by the housing and road layout. of people. This means that spaces that are designed to be publically 7.16 Green spaces within developments must contribute to place accessible must be attractive to and accessible by all residents, distinctiveness, with the aim of creating an accessible place where regardless of culture, age and ability. people feel a sense of belonging and pride in their neighbourhood. Making sure that a new development both forms a new community and becomes part of an existing wider community is key to delivering successful places.
Diaspora Garden, Heartlands, featuring native Cornish species which were transported overseas plus interpretation, accessible paths and seating. 7.17 Changing the way that we think about green space is important. Initial desktop analysis of existing habitat corridors and public rights of way using Requirements for green space can often be met in a variety of flexible Cornwall Council’s Interactive Mapping resource: Interactive Mapping ways and led by the needs of the community and the context of the 7.20 Everyday green space is also about ensuring that each home has both site. Wherever possible, spaces should not be single purpose. Key access to green space (preferably in the form of a well-proportioned considerations must be how these spaces create opportunities for garden) and also a view of greenery from principal rooms, whether this leisure and biodiversity and how they will be maintained in the long is a green private garden, street trees, hedges or even green walls and term (see Outcomes STEWARD 1 , STEWARD 2 and roofs. Where private gardens are not provided, such as in relation to STEWARD 3 ). apartments and older persons accommodation, there should be views and access to communal green spaces (see Outcome EXTERNAL 1 )
page 51 | 7. Healthy, green and inclusive consultation draft Outcomes that should be considered in your design GREEN 1: Everyone has ready access to nature and green open space GREEN 2: Playable spaces GREEN 3: Spaces to encourage social interaction GREEN 4: Space for sport GREEN 5: Landscaping, planting and trees
Views of trees and greenery from a home can reduce stress and improve mood as well as boost natural surveillance and community cohesion, community green space in Biscovey, Par
Back garden, Halbullock View, Gloweth and a pocket park provided as part of a more dense residential scheme, Derwenthorpe
Communal garden with seating, accessible paths, raised planters, trees and natural surveillance, Prince Charles House, St Austell page 52 | 7. Healthy, green and inclusive consultation draft Outcome consultation draft page 53|7.Healthy, green andinclusive 7.23 Eachproperty shouldhave easy access to nearby green space, 7.22 7.21 available to early residents andusers. the earliest stage ofconstruction to ensure thathealthy lifestyles are particularly where thesepromote walking andplay, andcycling from What we expect: nature andgreen openspace Outcome GREEN1:Everyone hasready access to y y y y y y y y y
and warmed by thesunwhere possible. seating shouldbethought about–sheltered from therain andwind There shouldbepublic space to sitandgather andthelocations for spaces and are encouraged (seeOutcome andwildflowerevents meadows are popular multi-generational Orchards, community gardens, allotments,spaces for games and users are designed to beadopted and easily maintained. from theoutset to ensure thatpatterns, colours andmaterials suit Ground surfaces for paths andsocialspaces should beconsidered to provide reassurance to olderpeopleandthosewithdementia. Designofspaces provides stimulation wayfinding cuesandsensory STREETS 2 of step free access, tactile surfaces areas orsensory (seeOutcome people, irrespective ofage or physical ability, includingthecreation Inclusive greenspace isdesignedto beaccessible to awiderange of of usesby peopleofallages andabilities. allowing for adaptation (presently andover time)to allow for arange Green spaces are designedto bemultifunctional andflexible, should have apurpose(notjusteasy to mow areas ofgrass). need to bewell-proportioned andpart ofanetwork ofgreen and Each individualgreen space doesnothave to behuge, butitdoes promote access to green space andnature from theearliest time. in early phaseswithappropriate protection for planting,to new Where isphased,accessible development green space isprovided out later following engagement residents. withthenew secure to mechanismshouldbedeveloped allow thespace to beset already landshouldbeprovided exist anda development, onanew community wherever possible.Where thecommunity doesn’t To encourage usage, green spaces shouldbeinfluenced by the
). STEWARD 1 ). opportunities aswell asplace to play Successful publicspaces can provide arange oftrees, flexibleequipment andseating Outcome consultation draft page 54|7.Healthy, green andinclusive Outdoor seating opportunities to boostsocialinteraction, Graz y
identify wildlife-friendly solutions. is neededthenthere shouldbeaLightingImpact Assessmentto necessary –artificiallighting evening use.Iflighting for securityand vandalism, there shouldbenatural surveillance and–where To make publicandcommunal spaces feel safe andreduce
Public seating withgrgreen infrastructure, shelter and interest, Place delaComédie, Metz een inf r astruct ur e, shelt er andint er est , Plac e dela Comédie, Me tz Outcome consultation draft page 55|7.Healthy, green andinclusive Natural playinfrastructure, Heartlands 7.26 shouldbedesignedaround Gooddevelopment theneedsofarange of 7.25 7.24 ensuring that journeys toensuring thatjourneys destinations are pleasurable andfun. spaces for play. The wholelayout shouldbedesignedto beplayable people andnotrely ontheprovision ofsinglefunction ordesignated What we expect: throughout thedevelopment Outcome GREEN2:Playable spaces andfound y y y
generations andmore cost-effective (seeOutcome where designed to bemaintained, isalsomore attractive to other asaplayspaceserves whichincreases interaction withnature and stepping stones andotherlandscaping. Thistypeofenvironment using playboulders, re-profiled landandmounds, balancing logs, Natural playisencouraged through thedesignoflandscape equipped areas ofplay. across anentire orseriesofspaces development rather thanformal opportunities for natural play, interpretation orplayful artfeatures Play isapproached inaholisticmanner, for example by creating encourage themto interact. to bothadultsandchildren withcross-generational interest and createsDevelopment ‘playable spaces’ thatare designedto appeal
STEWARD 2 ). whilst bringing children closer to nature, EdenProject Natural playinfrastructure encouraging more creative experiences andinteractions Outcome consultation draft page 56|7.Healthy, green andinclusive Informal walking helpsreconnect withnature andimproves mental wellbeing y y
on journeys. hard landscaping, slowing traffic andcreating pleasant ‘moments’ shrub plantingandamenity alongsideroutes to provide respite from Green corridors are created withgreen areas to sitorareas for tree/ along theroute to encourage movement andopportunity for play. Linear green spaces are well-proportioned andcreated withactivity
play equipment, Boscawenplay equipment, Park, Truro Boscawen Park folder inphoto folder) caption: Playable seatingopportunity nearnatural Freiburg Natural playinfrastructure inaresidential setting, incorporating bothwood andgranite, Outcome consultation draft page 57|7.Healthy, green andinclusive Interesting seatinginsociablelayouts withplantingalongkey routes, Leeds 7.29 Green spaces should bedesignedto encourage theiruseby asmany 7.28 7.27 people aspossible. What we expect: interaction Outcome GREEN3:Spaces to encourage social y y y
site, taking rather inviews thanbeingfocussed onplayareas. Seating isdesignedto beusedfor allages andspaced around the sustainable travel/active transport routes to helpkeep peopleactive. greenNew linksare provided from to thedevelopment existing and active outdoor lives. encourage community interaction through plantandfood growing the site, parks, garden squares, shared gardens andallotments to A variety ofaccessible green spaces are available onorcloseto
ser GrGreen corridors proving active travel routes linkinghousing to otherareas and services, Truro een c vic es, T orridor rur o s pr o ving activ e tr av el r out es linkinghousing t o otherar eas and Outcome consultation draft page 58|7.Healthy, green andinclusive 7.32 islarge development Notevery enoughto provide formal sports 7.31 7.30 residents willaccess suchspace. pitches orprovision onsite, shouldconsider butalldevelopment how What we expect: Outcome GREEN4:Space for sport y y y y y y y
and facilities. day to day presence in the community andcasual securityfor pitches use, combined withcommunity meeting orcafé facilities to provide Sports hubsandchangingfacilities shouldbedesignedto bemulti- communities to useoutsideofschoolhours. School pitch provision shouldbedesignedto provide facilities for with parking for disabledusers. wider green network andare easily accessible by foot but andcycle, Formal openspaces are designedto form anintegral part of the facility andmeet theneedscreated development. by thenew prioritised where itwould enhance orincrease thecapacity ofthat and playgrounds) thatare well related to is thedevelopment The improvement ofexisting formal openspaces (suchaspitches of thesite. andpopulationsiseasilydevelopment accessible from outside Formal sportsprovision islocated to and benefitbothnew existing (see Outcome biodiverse plantingatthemargins andnaturalised drainage Wherever possible,sportsfacilities shouldbemulti-functional with abilities. Facilitiescycling. shouldbeaccessible to peoplewitharange of signed andgenerally traffic free to encourage active walking and Routes from housingto sportsfacilities andpitches shouldbeclearly
ADAPT 1 ). Provision of arange of formal and informal sports equipment Natural to boundary sportsandrecreation area
Outcome consultation draft page 59|7.Healthy, green andinclusive Mature andnew trees surrounding public space, Treffry Road, Truro 7.35 Theimpact ofthebuiltenvironment onthelocal environment mustbe 7.34 7.33 Outcome GREEN5:Landscaping, plantingandtrees site. impacts buildingsandbringthesurrounding ofnew landscape into the mitigated with well-planned green infrastructure thathelpsto soften What we expect: y y y y
shall result inanoverall increase intree canopy. (oroffsite)development to ensure that over timethedevelopment (proportionate to tree loss)shallbeincorporated withinthe Where tree lossisunavoidable, replacement tree planting made to create succession. retained through proactive management practices planting andnew planting to create space for growth andprotection. Mature trees are retained andenhanced through thefillingof gaps andunderstorey Existing planting,trees, tree groups, woods, copses andhedges are (see identified through landscape or townscape character assessment aspects ofthesite, widerlandscape setting andotherelements Landscape proposals complement anddraw from thepositive character (seeOutcomes landscaping shouldhelpform thebasis form ofdevelopment and as trees andhedges andallow themspace to breathe. Mature Green networks shouldbedesignedaround existing assets such Phase1:Context Appraisal
LANDSCAPE 1 ). ). A mixtmixture oftree and shrub speciesincreases resilience andaddsinterest UnderUnderstorey plantingto existingmature trees est established trees andCornishhedges RRetained mature landscaping including e t ablished tr ained mat st ur or e oftr e y plantingt ur ees andCornishhedges ee and shrub speciesincr e landsc o existingmat aping including ur e tr eases r ees esilienc Wildflower area for pollinator specieswith accessible path ac W i c l d e andadds int essible path fl o w e r
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Outcome consultation draft page 60|7.Healthy, green andinclusive Mature street trees withmixof species,Hendra Road, Truro y y y y y y
provision to avoid later conflicts. Tree plantingisinformed by existing utilitiesandinforms utility pollinator friendlyplantings. Landscaping proposals provide astrong elementofnaturalised distortion to surfacing (seeOutcome are usedadjacent to surfacing andfootways, to prevent damage or trench thatisappropriate andcapable ofadoption.Root barriers space to grow andwhere inorclose to footways, are inatree pitor integrated into street designandpublicspaces. Trees have lightand Street trees are includedwherever possibleandothergreening is reducing theeffects ofairpollutionandnoise. windbreaks, reducing heat loss,offering shadeinsummerand Planting isusedto improve themicro climate by providing ADAPT 1 Combined sustainable urban drainage systems (seeOutcome to deliver greater water management services. diseases. are They ofvalue to local wildlife. Large trees are planned a diversity ofspeciesto respond to climate resilience, pestsand and colour, climaticrequirements andgrowth habits,creating Tree andshrubspeciesare appropriate to thearea, fittinginscale
) andtree plantingsystems are usedwhere possible. STREETS 2 ). Established Cornishhedgesplanted withamixofspecies Perranporth)early planting(Coast, New Cornishhedgedefiningproperty boundariesusinglocally distinctive stone with y
on Cornishhedges (see to increase biodiversity andwildlife corridors. For further guidance hedging shallwhere possiblelinktogether existing hedges andtrees adequate rooting space for anyshrubortree plantingatop. New hedgesNew reflect local character anddimensionsprovide Landscape andnatural heritage ) Outcome consultation draft page 61|7.Healthy, green andinclusive Green roof withskylights,Tate StIves y y y
before andduringconstruction inlinewithBS5837. Proposals mustincludeadequate provision for tree protection Outcomes considered attheplanningstage (see and infrastructure, includingtrees, iswildlife friendlyand fully The future management andmaintenance ofgreen spaces gardens andplanted walls. Where space islimited, opportunities are taken for green roofs,
STEWARD 1 , STEWARD 2 Space for nature and STEWARD 3 ). and (image courtesy ofDylanThomas) Edible street withfruit tree to encourage healthy eating, Nansledan,Newquay
7.36 Topic: Places for healthy living 7.37 What do we mean by this? 7.38 New development in Cornwall is expected to contribute to the conditions required for healthy lifestyles, ensuring that residents have opportunities to meet, be active and grow healthy food. 7.39 Regular physical activity is essential for good physical and mental health. Research shows that when physical activity is incorporated into our daily routines, the likelihood of that activity being sustained is significantly increased. New development creates an opportunity to influence this as new residents re-evaluate their travel and lifestyle patterns. This is not about people being really sporty or requiring organised events, it’s about the small steps to make life more active. This can be encouraged by providing easily accessible and pleasant routes to nearby services and facilities. 7.40 Enabling people to eat a balanced and healthier diet, and making it easy and affordable to do so, are also key to tackling health inequalities and improving environmental sustainability. Careful place-making, urban design and partnership working can help give residents easier access to nutritious ingredients for home cooking, and to healthier food when they are out, whether at school, work or leisure. Limiting access to less healthy foods, from fast food takeaways for example, would strengthen this approach. 7.41 Housing quality is also a key determinant of health. New development may sometimes be sited near to sources of noise and air pollution. There are statutory tests and processes to cap noise, light and air pollution for example however some impacts may still be felt from roads and other uses and additional mitigation is desirable to minimising health issues. Residential areas should be planned to help minimise pollution exposure and sleep deprivation through effective AAttractivettractive paths with trtreesees and natnaturalural sursurveillanceveillance screening and careful placement of lighting and the positioning of connectingconnecting everydayeveryday placesplaces encourageencourage use rooms within homes (see Everyday green and inclusive spaces and Liveable homes ). Outcomes that should be considered in your design HEALTH 1: Encouraging activity and social interaction HEALTH 2: Growing healthy food HEALTH 3: Addressing pollution page 62 | 7. Healthy, green and inclusive consultation draft Outcome consultation draft page 63|7.Healthy, green andinclusive 7.44 shouldmaximiseactivityandsocialinteraction Gooddevelopment by 7.43 7.42 meeting theneedsofpeopleallages andabilities. What we expect: social interaction Outcome HEALTH 1:Encouraging activityand y y y y y y y y
homes andgardens. flat landandlimitimpact onsurrounding uses, especially residents’ Where provision ismadefor informal ball games, itshouldbeon unduly withresidential amenity. There shouldbesocialspaces for younger peoplethatdonotconflict spaces thatmightappeal to andexisting new residents. communities to understand theneedfor community new facilities or Where are majordevelopments should engage plannedthey existing of lighting. possible), natural surveillance and,where appropriate, installation vistas, provision ofshelter from windandrain (warmed by thesunif arrangement ofseating thathelpsconversations andoverlooks cross-generational interest, through thechoice ofmaterials, maximum use,includingenjoyment atalltimesoftheyear and The designofgreen andnon-green publicspaces shouldencourage or sensory areas.or sensory includingstep-freeparts access, ofthedevelopment, tactile surfaces Public green space isaccessible to awiderange ofpeoplelivinginall landscaping, slow traffic andcreate pleasant ‘moments’ onjourneys. amenity value alongsideotherroutes to provide respite from hard Green corridors are created withopengreen areas to sitorareas for space andappealing to awiderange ofinterests. are designedaround theneedsofcommunities, offering flexible Community buildingsare located attheheart and ofdevelopment socialise. provided throughout to development encourage peopleto meet and Sociable spaces, includingareas for games shouldbe andevents,
S eating at awildlife corner along anactive travel route eating at awildlif e c orner along anactiv e tr av el r out e Outcome consultation draft page 64|7.Healthy, green andinclusive encourage healthy eatingandprovide opportunities for socialisingandgatherings Community orchards withfreely available apples andseatinglike thisoneinTruro 7.47 Healthy eating patterns are based onarange ofexperiences, including 7.46 7.45 bearing trees andplantsusedinlandscaping schemes. the availability ofhealthy food shoppingandtheavailability offood the availability ofspace to grow food athomeorinthecommunity, What we expect: Outcome HEALTH 2:Growing healthy food y y y
nature. hedges andprivate gardens to encourage healthy eating andfood for Fruiting andnutbearing varieties oftrees are usedinpublicspaces, the site andanyotherevidenced local demand). allotments andorchards (asappropriate to thecontext andform of providesThe development spaces for community growing space, space for food growing (see At least themajorityofprivate gardens onsite provide sufficient
EXTERNAL 1 ). Community food growing atRedannick Allotments,Truro Community food growing, Almere Outcome consultation draft page 65|7.Healthy, green andinclusive benefits human healthandwildlife Downlighting usedonlywhere incolour andwhen itisneededwhichnotblue-white 7.50 Pollution can beavoided through careful planningandsitingof 7.49 7.48 of darknightsky. especially where thismayimpact onhumanhealth, wildlife andareas be given to whether external new lightisnecessary andhow itisused, buildings andplantingfrom theearliest stage. Thoughtshouldalso What we expect: Outcome HEALTH 3:Addressing pollution y y y y
sensors are usedto limitswitching to whenthelightingisrequired. upwards, itisnotblue-white incolour andwhere possibletimers or located sothatitisnotanuisance to bedrooms, itdoesnotspill Where external lightingisrequired (e.g.street itshouldbe lighting) Proposals minimisetheneedfor external lighting. impact (seeOutcome roads, habitable rooms includingbedrooms are sited to avoid noise Where homesare sited near acceptable noisegenerators suchas room for growth. must however avoid overshadowing homesandallow sufficient quieter environments for leisure, sleepandwildlife. Tree planting air quality, minimisenoiseandshieldunhelpful lightto create Planting andbuildingorientation are carefully plannedto improve
INTERNAL3 ). information see Night Blight maphighlighting areas ofrelative light pollutionand darkness.For more https://www.nightblight.cpre.org.uk Topic: Space for nature 7.51 What do we mean by this? 7.52 Making space for nature means providing safe, unlit quiet spaces and movement corridors where wildlife will be undisturbed by people, dogs and (if possible) cats. Increases in biodiversity should be encouraged through the protection of habitat, choice of planting and by provision of green routes that link green spaces and areas of habitat. Natural habitats can significantly increase the quality of new development and have the potential to raise value, appealing to a wide range of people. 7.53 Green infrastructure provision helps to strike a balance between the needs of humans and nature. For instance, planting, particularly trees, can reduce the risk of flooding, contribute to pollution control, provide shade and reduce the effects of wind created by streets. New linear routes such as footpaths and cycleways and roads provide particular opportunities to provide and enhance routes for nature as well as people.
InterpretativeInterpretative boardboard encouragingencouraging wildlifewildlife FruitingFruiting treestrees benefitbenefit wwildlifeildlife aandnd hhumansumans spotting, BoscBoscawenawen PPark,ark, TTruroruro Outcomes that should be considered in your design NATURE 1: Retention, protection and enhancement of habitat NATURE 2: Securing Biodiversity Net Gain
BoostingBoosting biodiversitybiodiversity withwith wildflowerswildflowers iinn ffrontront ggardens,ardens, NNansledan,ansledan, NNewquayewquay page 66 | 7. Healthy, green and inclusive (image courtesycourtesy of Dylan Thomas) consultation draft Outcome consultation draft page 67|7.Healthy, green andinclusive (image courtesy ofDylan Thomas) Facilitating residents’ access to thecountryside, Nansledan,Newquay 7.56 Thebestway to ensure biodiversity thrives onsite isto ensure that 7.55 7.54 planning ofsites. earliest stage possibleandinform decisionsrelating to acquisition and earliest stage. Appropriate ecology mustbeundertaken surveys atthe The Context Appraisal for the site shouldconsider its ecology from the sites, withlinkages maximisedto countryside andothergreen spaces. habitat isretained andenhanced aspart ofagreen network across What we expect: enhancement of habitat Outcome NATURE 1:Retention, protection and y y y
wildlife corridors. sites are usedasopportunities for creating linked habitat and routesNew (includingroads, foot andcycleways) provided through context appraisals andecological (see surveys Existing habitat isassessedattheearliest stage ofdesignthrough process wherever possible. trees andhedges andotherareas ofhabitat (includingwater bodies) The layout isinformed ofdevelopment by theretention ofexisting
). Effective design
Homes for birds, batsandbeesincorporated into humandwellings, Nansledan,Newquay courtesy of Dylan Thomas c ourt es y of y y y y y y y y
retained onsite correctly. Management plansset outhow soilsare removed, stored and Ecological Strategy (see This shouldbebased oninformation from ecological andthe surveys habitat orvegetation isto beestablished andmanaged inthefuture. Management, whichshouldbeprovided to demonstrate how any The Ecological Strategy for thesite informs aSchemeof are usedwherever possibleinthelandscaping scheme. Wild plantingschemesthatmaximiseopportunities for pollinators position iscarefully considered to avoid nuisance from falling fruit. encourage food for nature andhumans,whilstensuringthattheir Fruiting varieties of trees are usedinpublicspaces andhedges to structures to provide additionalroosts. and bats andbird andbat boxes are integrated into buildingsand Planting schemeshelpprovide habitat andfood sources for birds planters. terraces andbalconies through theprovision ofclimbingwires and be given to theuseoflivingroofs andplantingonfacades, roof habitat into buildingshave beenmaximised.Consideration should Opportunities for buildingsto supportbiodiversity andintegration of in thelayout. (managed movement) isthefirst option considered andplanned for Where gaps new needto becreated translocation orhedges lost, gaps inhedges are filledwherever possible to enhance networks. networks ofhabitats to prevent fragmentation andisolation.Existing are maximisedparticularly through protection and enhancement of Opportunities for supportingandincreasing existing biodiversity ADAM Architecture courtesy ofDylanThomas c ADAM Ar ccourtesy of ourt ourt es es y ofDylanThomas y of chit ect ur e Validation guide Sainsbury-Plaice Sainsbur c courtesy ofCharlie ourt es y ofCharlie y-Plaic e ). courtesy ofCharlieSainsbury-Plaice c ourt es y ofCharlieSainsbur y-Plaic e Outcome consultation draft page 68|7.Healthy, green andinclusive 7.60 intheUnited Development Kingdom mustconsider how proposals 7.59 Cornwall Councilhasadopted arequirement for allmajordevelopment 7.58 7.57 habitat needsto becreated. considered inthecreation ofthescheme.Thismetric alsoshows where resources popout)thatshows how allexisting habitat hasbeen submission ofinformation intheform ofastandard metric (see of habitat where there isnootheroption.Cornwall Councilrequires losses maybeavoided andallows onlyfor removal andreplacement follow themitigation hierarchy. Thisrequires consideration ofhow required andhow thesewillbemitigated habitat andnew gained. on site andconsider how existing habitat can beretained, anylosses proposals willneedto record thetypeandcondition ofexisting habitat to provide 10%biodiversity net gain. Thismeans thatalldevelopment What we expect: Outcome NATURE 2:Biodiversity Net Gain y y y y y y y
the amount of development that canthe amountof development beaccommodated onsite. exceptional reasons rather thanbased onunrealistic expectations of Offsetting and removal ofhabitat off-site isonly proposed for STEWARD 3 into thefuture (seeoutcomes structure to ensure thatitisestablished andmaintained properly Creation orrecreation ofhabitat isledby asoundmanagement wildlife. the locality can belinked to provide corridors for themovement of Landscaping schemesassesshow green spaces andhabitats within creation ofbluenetworks across sites (seeOutcome Drainage schemesconsider opportunities for wetland habitat and built environment. habitats andarichdiversity oftrees andplantingthroughout the Measures are taken to enhance biodiversity by creating varied topographical orotherlocational constraints). provided intherightplace (particularly where itisdependenton for providing anet gain inbiodiversity andensured thatitcan be The schemehascarefully considered thespace required on-site nature. Proposals retain existing habitat andcreate additionalspace for
). STEWARD 1 , STEWARD 2 ADAPT 1 and ). Bug hothotel increasing biodiversity onanallotment 7.61 el incr Bug hothotel easing biodiv el er sity on an allotment 8 Liveable homes 8.1 Introduction 8.2 This chapter relates to the quality and design of new homes. People’s health is greatly influenced by their living environment. According to NHS England, more than 90% of our time is spent indoors (either at home or in workplaces, schools and other institutions); therefore we cannot underestimate the importance of the quality of buildings on our health and wellbeing.
“In homes, sufficient space, daylight levels, ventilation, outlook and privacy are essential for good health. In workplaces, schools and other institutions, there are many opportunities to support health through building design and management, and through the activities of the organisations that occupy them. Central to this is enabling people to gather and socialise, and to enjoy quiet refection. Buildings that are comfortable, offer character and cultivate a sense of community and pride have a positive impact on people’s health. Such buildings are also likely to be resilient to social and technological change.” NHS England, 2018
8.3 Ultimately, the homes being built in Cornwall should be easy to live in and to help people to live happy and healthy lives. The homes that are being built now should still be around in 100 years’ time. So, it is important to ensure that they are attractive, efficient to run and maintain, have enough space to live comfortably inside and out and incorporate enough storage for everyday needs. Another important consideration is the flexibility of the space for people with different needs and different lifestyles. Homes should be designed to be accessible and adaptable so that they can meet the needs of future occupants or adapt with the changing needs of the existing residents.
BREEAM OutstOutstandinganding ratedrated older personspersons housing, PrincPrincee Charles House, St AAustellustell page 69 | 8. Liveable homes (c(courtesyourtesy of OcOceanean Housing) consultation draft 8.4 What’s included here This Chapter is divided into three topics 8.5 The quality of the built environment has a direct impact on the health and wellbeing of our residents. As it stands, there are a number of Each topic provides a brief explanation of what we are trying to achieve common issues with some of the homes that have been built in recent and a series of outcomes that we will use to determine planning years, which include: insufficient space to live comfortably; insufficient applications for new development. space to store things internally and externally; difficultly maintaining a comfortable temperature; a lack of storage space for waste and Internal space and layout recycling; and limited potential for future adaptations. External storage, refuse and recycling 8.6 A research study was carried out with residents of new builds in Accessible and adaptable Cornwall by students at the University of Exeter and Oxford Brookes in 2019. The results indicated that 65% of the people surveyed felt they had little or no other choice than the house they purchased and 45% of people surveyed said they wouldn’t wish to make the same choice again. These results demonstrate why change is needed and why it is so vital that the homes being built in Cornwall are of a good quality, are fit for purpose and are attractive, both now and in years to come. This chapter provides guidance on how to avoid the issues that are causing people to be unhappy with their homes and achieve more liveable homes through better design. 8.7 There are other issues which affect liveability that are covered in other chapters for example Connected and accessible (e.g. people-friendly streets), Healthy, green and inclusive (e.g. access to open spaces and nature and green space), Climate change and community resilience (e.g. energy efficiency and layout). 8.8 Why liveable homes are important? y Homes that are designed to be flexible and adaptable are more likely to stand the test of time so that they are better able to meet the needs of current and future residents. y Homes that are designed with enough internal storage and space enable a better quality of life and reduce the need to move house. y Homes that provide sufficient external storage help residents to lead more active lifestyles and encourage recycling. y Privacy (visual and audio), light and climate within dwellings can have a significant effect people’s health and wellbeing. y Adaptable, flexible homes which will not require costly alterations to adapt to changes in technology and lifestyles. page 70 | 8. Liveable homes consultation draft 8.9 Topic: Internal space and layout 8.10 What do we mean by this? 8.11 This is about ensuring that the houses that are built in Cornwall are fit for purpose. Good housing cannot be made from spaces that are too small yet 42% of new build residents in Cornwall surveyed by students at the University of Exeter and Oxford Brookes (2019) said they did not have adequate space to suit their everyday needs. 58% of those respondents cited a lack of storage as the main issue. 8.12 All new homes should be designed and built to be large enough to accommodate the maximum planned number of occupants and all rooms should be large enough to fulfil their intended purpose. All homes need private spaces as well as room for residents (and their visitors) to be together in. Houses that are too small have negative impacts on people’s health and wellbeing, for example, a lack of proper storage can mean that it is difficult to keep a house clean and tidy, and overly small bedrooms can mean children have less opportunity to play, create and learn.
Outcomes that should be considered in your design INTERNAL 1: Space to live INTERNAL 2: Storage INTERNAL 3: Outlook, light and privacy INTERNAL 4: Comfort page 71 | 8. Liveable homes consultation draft Outcome consultation draft page 72|8.Liveable homes 8.18 8.15 Homesmustbedesignedwithliveability inmindandbeableto meet 8.14 8.13 .7 Storage isanimportant aspectofhomedesignwhichenhances lifestyle 8.17 8.16 internal space activities(see for everyday the demandsofcontemporary lifestyles. Thisincludessufficient options andqualityoflife. adaptable What we expect: What we expect: Outcome INTERNAL1:Space to live Outcome INTERNAL2:Storage y y y y y y y y y
Described Space Standards. private andaffordable accommodation could meet Nationally The accommodation beingprovided hasconsidered how both Where garages are provided, allow for they theparking ofafamily to abedandstorage. Children’s rooms have space for adeskand/or playspace inaddition or generous hallway –plusutility space). bags downstairs (e.g.porch, cloakroom, understairs cupboard and/ towels andsheets etc andspace to store coats, everyday shoesand including cupboards for storage for householdcleaning items, spare There isreadily accessible internal storage for dayto dayneeds, maximum expected numberofoccupants. The diningarea isbigenoughto fita table andchairs for the possessions. Bedrooms allow sufficientspace for storage ofclothesand or radiator orobstructingadoor. minimum expected needsofanoccupier, withoutcovering awindow to accommodate standard sized furniture to meet atleast the Living rooms, diningrooms, kitchens andbedrooms are bigenough the design. The likely storage needsofresidents hasbeenconsidered carefully in occupiers. providing space andfunctionality to meet theneedsofarange of Room functions have beenconsidered carefully inthedesign, ). Accessible and Hallway storage for coats and shoesetc. y y
spaces) for flats. external storage for lifestyle items (thiscould includeshared storage Where there isnogarage. There shouldbeadditionalinternal or the kitchen ofproperties includingseparate food waste collection There shouldbesufficientspace/capacity for waste segregation in sized car andstorage space. Storage space maybeintheroof space. Outcome consultation draft page 73|8.Liveable homes Large loungewindow allowing view to greenery from chairs and goodnatural light 8.21 Havingplentyofnatural asenseofprivacy light, andapleasant 8.20 8.19 (see Outcome residents to feel comfortable andhappy intheirhome outlook from your homeare important elementsofliveability, enabling What we expect: Outcome INTERNAL 3: Outlook, light and privacy y y y y y
spaces. site whilstfacilitating natural surveillance ofcommunal andpublic occupants housingandexisting ofthenew residents surrounding the The layout ensures adequate ofprivacy levels andoutlookfor exception ofbathrooms, ensuites etc). Windows are notbepositionedto lookoutatawall (withthe view outfromview sittingheight. In principal rooms windows shouldbeset low enoughto allow a Habitable rooms are orientated to maximisetheirview. Sunlight: Aguideto goodSunlight: practice (2011) (see Outcome standards asset outwithin room. TheBuildingResearch Establishment sunlightanddaylight Windows are sufficientlylarge to allow natural lightingofthe GREEN1 RESOURCES1 and FORM 3 Site Layout Planningfor Daylightand ). ). are applied .3 Homesshouldbedesignedwiththecomfort andwellbeing ofresidents 8.23 8.22 8.24 (see Outcome in mindto enablethemto live happy andhealthy lives Outcome INTERNAL4:Comfort What we expect: y y y y y y y
gardens) where possible. Bedrooms are arranged to face quieter external space (suchasrear hallways, kitchens andcupboards next to adjoiningwalls). bedrooms ofadjoiningproperties besideeach anotherandarranging in soundsensitive rooms ofthehome(examples includearranging Internal layouts are designedto limitnoisefrom adjoiningproperties into theroom. All rooms have anopening window to allow fresh airandventilation between properties andincrease privacy for occupants. Sufficient soundinsulationisincorporated to reduce noisepollution shutters orpergolas. east and west-facing windows, recessing windows, eaves, porches, rooms, e.g.brisesoleilonsouthfacing windows, vertical shadingon in summer, designfeatures are usedto prevent overheating in Where homesare oriented inaway thatcould to lead to overheating metres designprinciplesensure thatprivacy willbemaintained. Where thedistance between facing habitable rooms islessthan21 materials low involatile organic compounds (VOCs). efficiency, ventilation andtheuseofnon-pollutingorbuilding sick buildingsyndrome by ensuringappropriate heating, thermal Homes are designedandbuiltto benaturally ventilated andavoid RESOURCES1 ). 8.25 Topic: External amenity, storage, refuse and recycling 8.26 What do we mean by this? 8.27 We want new developments to deliver all residents external amenity space which is designed to adapt to individual household’s needs – both in terms of wellbeing and practicality. In particular it should help foster privacy, make recycling easier and enable people to lead active lives. This includes ensuring there is sufficient, well designed external storage; not only for houses, but for flats, apartments and communal properties as well. As Cornwall moves to a fortnightly refuse collection and a recycling service that is weekly and collecting a wider range of materials in 2020, this will become even more important.
Outcomes that should be considered in your design EXTERNAL 1: Gardens and balconies EXTERNAL 2: Refuse and recycling EXTERNAL 3: Leisure equipment storage
SufficientSufficient aandnd wwell-proportionedell-proportioned pprivaterivate ggardenarden sspacepace aallowsllows fforor flflexibilityexibility o fof u susee page 74 | 8. Liveable homes iincludingncluding pplay,lay, rrelaxation,elaxation, ddryingrying wwashing,ashing, sstoragetorage ooff eequipmentquipment aandnd mmulti-purposeulti-purpose gargardenden rroomsooms consultation draft Outcome consultation draft page 75|8.Liveable homes 8.30 External space shouldbeincorporated into homeswith allnew 8.29 8.28 sufficient space for flexibility ofuse. What we expect: Outcome EXTERNAL 1:Gardens andbalconies y y y y y y y y y
within gardens can beacceptable to allow use(see Outcomes Rear gardens mustnotbesteeply sloping;where necessary terracing LANDSCAPE 3 practice Site Layout Aguideto Planningfor good Daylight andSunlight: Research Establishment overshadowing standards asset outwithin benefitting from sunlight for atleast part oftheday. TheBuilding Rear gardens mustnotbeexcessively shaded,withthemajority should beavoided wherever possible. other homes.Overlooking from upperstoreys ofnearby properties Rear gardens shouldnotbeoverlooked from theground floorof where rarely they offer apractical, usablespace. the house.Triangular orirregular shaped gardens are to beavoided Rear gardens to housesare atleast equalinsize to thefootprint of supports more active lifestyles. encourage residents to usebikes andotherlifestyle equipment that just through thehouse,thiscould beasideaccess orarear access) to There shouldbemore thanoneaccess point to rear gardens (i.e. not garden for ashedwithoutcompromising theusabilityofgarden. Where housesdonothave agarage, there isenoughspace inthe patio space). For flats,thiswillbe communal space (andideally alsoa balcony or relaxation, playandfood-growing.activities suchasclothes-drying, garden to therear oftheproperty thatprovides for arange of All homeshave access to awell-proportioned andwell-orientated encourage socialinteraction. allow for aplanted area, plannedwaste andrecycling storage andto Front gardens are provided asatleast asmalldefensible space to alongside thepublicrealm planting suchasahedge. Closeboard fencing shouldnotbeinstalled defined withclear vertical markers suchas railings, walls or robust The boundariesbetween private andpublicspaces are clearly . ). (Coast MModest front garden providing green, defensible space defined by Cornish hedge (Coast, Perranporth)(Coast, o d e s t , P
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planting. include a include pr o besub t sites al wo Outcome atio consultation draft page 76|8.Liveable homes Incorporating space for nature around homes(courtesy ofTreveth Development) Vegetation Hedges Non-native specieslike Leyland Cypress - Native species willsupportmore wildlife - Provide food, shelter, shade&nesting sites - Defineboundaries,provide screening & - grow fast &have limited wildlife value natural shelter Waste Reduction &Sustainability Compost Bin Shelters insects &other smallanimals - Helpsto create ahealthy nutritious soil - Recycles food &garden waste, without - e.g. slow worms &grass snakes packaging &food miles Vegetation Trees Birds & bats use green corridors, flying - Native specieswillsupportmore - Reduce pollution&create oxygen - Provide food, shelter, shade& - between trees for feeding &nesting wildlife nesting/roosting sites Helping Wildlife Bat Boxes Bats have different roosting - Provided onhousesadjacent - different timesofthe year sites &move between themat to green routes in key locations Helping Wildlife Hedgehog Holes&Habitat Boxes for Wildlife Habitat boxes for hedgehogs &other small - Holesinfences allow hedgehogs &other - mammals, suchasdormice provide shelter gardens to findfood &shelter small mammalsto easily move between Helping Wildlife Bird Boxes Boxes incorporated into thehouse/ - Boxes attached to trees, hedges etc to - sparrows etc swifts, swallows, housemartins& brick work to encourage birds like crevices e.g.Robins, bluetits &wrens encourage birds that nest inholes& Outcome consultation draft page 77|8.Liveable homes Enclosed balcony, Pellymounter Road, StAustell y y y y
system orasimilar natural feature. as trees, hedgerows, biodiverse openspace, naturalised drainage ofgreenAll oramajorityofhomes have aview infrastructure such windows andpassers-by. e.g. through insetting orplacement inrelation to otherbalconies, neighbouring thebalcony orwinter garden hasbeenmaximised, The privacy ofabalcony orwinter garden andthatofproperties inward-opening doors. Where Juliet balconies are are usedthey accompanied by full height, space to sitandto grow plants. Where full balconies andwinter gardens are used,there isenough Balcony garden, Prince CharlesHouse, StAustell Balcony garden, Prince CharlesHouse,StAustell (c Balc (c WintWinter garden, Prince CharlesHouse,StAustell (c Balc (courtesy ofOcean Housing) (courtesy ofOcean Housing) (courtesy ofOcean Housing) ourt ourt ourt ony gar ony gar er gar es es es y ofOc y ofOc y ofOc den, Princ den, Princ den, Princ ean Housing) ean Housing) ean Housing) e CharlesHouse,StA e CharlesHouse, StA e CharlesHouse,StA ust ust ust ell ell ell Perranarworthal True andJuliet balconies at P P T Perran Foundry, rue andJulie err err anar an F oundr w orthal t balc y , onies at Outcome consultation draft page 78|8.Liveable homes 8.33 Thestorage ofwaste mustbewithinaproperty’s boundary. Itis 8.32 8.31 possible andfor streets to bekept clean, tidyanduncluttered. We want itto beeasy andconvenient for peopleto recycle asmuch external space andstorage for awheeledbin,recycling box andbags. important to thesustainability thatthere ofadevelopment issufficient What we expect: Outcome EXTERNAL 2:Refuse andrecycling y y y y
accommodate: (this can beagarage). Theexternal storage space willbeableto sufficient space to store awheeledbinand a range of recycling homeshave adesignedexternalAll new container orstructure with there shouldalsobesufficientspace to park astandard sized family car. Where storage for refuse andrecycling isdesignedaspart ofagarage, of thefollowing: each property. Larger binscan mustbe beused(bulkbins)butthey provide sufficientspace for thebins/containers asdetailed above for their waste to acommunal location. Thestorage areas willhave to have to walk nomore than30metres from theirfront doors carrying are conveniently accessible from alldwellings. Residents should dedicated refuse andrecycling areas (thiscan becommunal), which containment, asdetailed above. To enablethisresidents musthave Wherever possibleflatsand apartments willhave their own convenient. the designandprovided inamannerthatmakes recycling easy and The storage requirements for recycling andrefuse are factored into • 1x240litre garden waste wheeled binperdwelling witha private • 1x32litre external food waste caddy • recycling 1xset containment ofdry –2x60litre bags; 1x34litre • 1x180litre wheeledrefuse bin • Refuse mustbe stored inabulkbinnobigger than1,100 litres per • in waste andrecycling equipment The space shouldbeflexible enough to cope with future changes waste wishto service ifthey doso. garden to enableresidents to utiliseCornwall Council’s garden bag; 1x55litre blackbox bin; and .5 To enablepeopleto live active lives, itisimportant thatthere is 8.35 8.34 8.36 camping equipmentfor example. could includebikes, fishing gear, kayaks, surfboards, golf clubsand sufficient external storage for them to store this leisure equipment; storage Outcome EXTERNAL 3:Leisure equipment What we expect: y y y y y y
leisure storage. to park astandard sized family car andhave areasonable amountof Where storage isin agarage, there shouldbebothsufficientspace need to becarried through thehouse. there isexternal access to thatgarden sothatequipmentdoes not Where theonlystorage for suchleisure items isinarear garden, vehicles by waste collection crews. of access andmovement ofbulkbinsfor loading onto thewaste to collect thewaste. Drop kerbs shouldbeprovided to allow ease Sufficient space isallowed for a waste truck to get closeenough spaces). external storage for lifestyle items (thiscould includeshared storage Where there isnogarage, there shouldbeadditional internal or screening, surfacing, lighting,ventilation andwash down facilities. must allow head height for access andbestep free with appropriate Communal andrecycling facilities are fit for purpose.Thespace surveillance shouldbeavoided. storagebicycle buildingsthatdonotbenefitfrom good natural storage room) andindividualstorage (e.g.garage, shed).Large space apartments. Thiscan includecommunal (e.g.bike shelter, communal other leisure items for including flatsand allhousingdevelopments; There iseasily accessible, secure storage for bikes, scooters and • Dry recycling musthave individualbulkbinsfor Dry individualwaste • fit insidethebin for easy emptying. greater than360litres. Collectioncrews willprovide alarge sackto streams (onefor paper, onefor card etc) andeach binmustbeno 8.37 Topic: Accessible and adaptable 8.41 In Cornwall, as in the rest of the UK, our population is also aging and we need to make sure that we are providing the right type of homes 8.38 What do we mean by this? to enable our residents to lead full and happy lives as they get older. 8.39 The homes that we build should have the flexibility to adapt with us This can take many forms, including co-housing, supported housing, as our lifestyles change and for the needs of different people. This extra care facilities or multigenerational and flexible homes. Research means an internal layout that is easy to change, the scope to make a identifies the right type of housing as one of the fundamental tenets home wheelchair accessible or install a lift, or the ability to extend or of happiness in older age; highlighting loneliness and a loss of incorporate home working. independence as causes of unhappiness that can be helped with the right sort of housing 2. 8.42 A flexible building is one that can be extended and modified to increase its life span and is more likely to be a desirable home in 100 years, reducing the need for demolition or major structural alteration. Home working can support family life balance, reduce costs of and emissions from commuting and help support services such as shops and post offices in villages and suburbs.
“In the next 30 years we will witness substantial changes to home-life through technological advancement in response to societal, demographic and climate changes. The family home of the future will evolve to be more resilient and more adaptable to society’s ever-evolving needs. We will see a resurgence of the ‘multigenerational’ home, a flexible home where the young can live into adulthood and where the elderly members of the family can be cared for” NHBC, 2018
Ramped access winding through a landscaped garden 8.40 Increasingly homes need to be multi-generational, whether this is young adults staying at home with their parents for longer or older family members moving in with their adult children. Research into 2 All Party Parliamentary Group on Social Integration (2018): Healing the Generational Divide changing patterns of household composition suggests that there could be 2.2 million people living in multigenerational homes and 3.8 million Outcomes that should be considered in your design 21-34 year olds living with their parents by 2025 1. ACCESSIBLE 1: Accessible homes and spaces ACCESSIBLE 2: Flexibility 1 NHBC (2018): Futurology: the new home in 2050 page 79 | 8. Liveable homes consultation draft Outcome consultation draft page 80|8.Liveable homes 8.48 8.45 Itisimportant thataccessible homesare well thoughtthrough inall 8.44 8.43 8.47 8.46 disabilities (seeOutcome easy to usefor allpeople,including thosewithlimited mobilityand elements ofdesignandthatcommunal spaces are designedto be of different people,withdifferent physical orcultural requirements. Homes shouldbeadaptable andflexible to accommodate thelifestyles What we expect: What we expect: spaces Outcome ACCESSIBLE 1:Accessible homesand Outcome ACCESSIBLE 2:Flexibility y y y y y y y y
of reach. Details suchasdoorfurniture are located for atmid-heightlevel ease accommodation and car parking. safely access anduseabuilding,includingabove ground floor with impaired useofawheelchairorsightlosscould movement, Site/plot layouts andfloor plans demonstrate how someone attractive optionfor olderpeopleandfor peoplewith disabilities. areThey animportant part ofthehousingmixand are often an The provision ofbungalows isconsidered inthemajorityofschemes. homeworking. or ayoung adultunableto afford their own space) or to facilitate of multiplegenerations (e.g.to accommodating anageing parent Homes offer flexible spaces that canbeadapted tomeet theneeds internal reorganisation ofrooms ortheextension ofthedwelling. The construction andconfiguration ofthebuildingwillallow for the count towards the25%target under Ground floorflatsand apartments are fully accessible –this can Residential aspire developments to Lifetime Homes’ standards. difficult for thosewithmobilityproblems, suchassteep gradients. avoiding areasa development, withtopography thatmakes life Accessible homesare builtinthemostaccessible oflocations on GREEN5 ). Cornwall Local Plan Policy 13. 9 Climate change and community resilience 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Relatively rapid changes in the climate have implications for all elements of life in Cornwall. They will not only impact the environment, but also society and the economy. As an extreme Atlantic coastal area, Cornwall currently has a generally temperate maritime climate but wetter, stormier winters and hotter drier summers will directly affect, biodiversity, water resources, infrastructure, health, tourism and agriculture for example. Increased rainfall, storminess and sea level rise have great significance in terms of Cornwall’s vulnerability as a particularly exposed peninsula. 9.3 Climate change is a global problem, with significant impacts that will be experienced locally. Changes likely to be experienced in the south west by 2100 are: y Temperature – average warming of 1.0 to 2.5°c, very warm years becoming more frequent y Precipitation – 5-15% wetter winters, 15-30% drier summers, heavy rainfall more common, significant decrease in snowfall, greater contrast between summer and winter seasons y Cloud cover – reduction in summer and autumn cloud cover, small increase in winter cloud cover y Extreme flooding events – more severe and frequent events such as river and coastal flooding y Sea levels around 1 metre higher than today 9.4 These changes present a range of risks to us and our natural and built environments. It is vital to consider how a building and its surroundings can both minimise contribution to and adapt to climate change at an early stage in the design process in order to achieve more resilient, sustainable developments. 9.5 The homes that we build today should still be around in 100 years. At present, all too often the schemes that are built meet minimum standards; we need to encourage more innovative, high quality schemes that will stand the test of time. The way in which a development matures and adapts, the opportunities and the lifestyle page 81 | 9. Resilent places EEnginengine houseshouses cclingling ttoo tthehe cliffs,cliffs, B oBotallacktallack consultation draft that it offers its residents are key to its long-term success. Gain from all major development and promotes the use of Building with Nature standards, which sets benchmarks for the provision and maintenance of multi-functional green infrastructure. Biodiversity and green infrastructure are vital in creating resilient places (see Healthy green and inclusive chapter for further details). 9.7 What’s included here: 9.8 This chapter provides guidance on how to make sure our homes and shared open spaces are low maintenance, high quality, sustainable and adaptable in terms of climate change and to meet the demands of changes in our lifestyles and technology. 9.9 Why climate change and community resilience are important? y Design which meets the challenges of our changing climate will minimise flood risk, storm damage or cliff falls and the associated socio-economic impacts, as well as help homes to be a Coastal flooding, Fowey (2008) comfortable temperature. y Lower maintenance natural solutions for shared open spaces are not only more cost effective, but can have significant benefits to biodiversity, drainage and carbon offsetting. y Well maintained shared open spaces contribute to the visual amenity of the development, create a sense of place and encourage leisure and recreation activities. y More efficient homes can help to reduce fuel poverty and generate a more resilient economy through better energy security. y Easily maintained homes look better and are more sustainable and cost effective for residents. This Chapter is divided into three topics Each topic provides a brief explanation of what we are trying to achieve and a series of outcomes that we will use to determine planning applications for new development. River flooding, Helebridge (2004). Climate change is likely to lead to more extreme weather events in Cornwall Climate change adaptation 9.6 Creating resilient places is not just about good design, but also about Resource efficiency and zero carbon stewardship and the long term maintenance of shared spaces. Cornwall Council has recently introduced a requirement for Biodiversity Net Long term stewardship of open spaces page 82 | 9. Resilent places consultation draft 9.10 Topic: Climate change adaptation 9.11 What do we mean by this? 9.12 Climate change is expected to mean wetter, stormier winters and hotter drier summers in Cornwall. Therefore, proposals must ensure that they are designed to cope with higher temperatures and greater volumes of rainfall. Furthermore, development should not be allowed in areas that are identified as being vulnerable to coastal erosion or sea level rise. Measures to deal with surface water should not seek solely to manage water on the proposed site but also seek to improve the flood resilience of neighbouring communities.
Green roof providing improved drainage and visual connection to the nearby landscape, Porthmeor Hill, St Ives
“SUDS mimic natural drainage processes to reduce the effect on the quality and quantity of runoff from developments and provide amenity and biodiversity benefits. Early consideration of the potential multiple benefits and opportunities will help deliver cost effective SUDS scheme with the best results” susdrain, 2019 Swale with access incorporated – creating interest and practical drainage
9.13 When considering drainage, sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS) should be used in all circumstances unless there is a clear reason why this is not feasible. Often SUDS are over engineered and Outcomes that should be considered in your design hidden underground. We encourage natural systems that can be incorporated into other green spaces and be used alongside roads and ADAPT 1: Integrated drainage paths. It is important that where a SUDS solution is implemented that it ADAPT 2: Coastal change delivers community and environmental benefits as well. page 83 | 9. Resilent places consultation draft Outcome consultation draft page 84|9.Resilent places 9.16 9.15 9.14 reason whythisisnotfeasible. (SUDS) shouldbeusedinallcircumstances unlessthere isaclear layouts andtheuseofnatural sustainable urban drainage systems Drainage shouldbeoneofthefirst considerations whendesigningsite What we expect: Outcome ADAPT 1:Integrated drainage y y y y y y y y
Systems are kept asnatural aspossiblewithshallow sides to reduce retained andenhanced aspart ofthescheme. Existing water features, natural springs,pondsandboggy areas are and othernatural forms rather thancrated orburiedsystems. roadside landscaping, includingrain gardens, ponds, swales, leats Drainage isincorporated into thedesignofgreen spaces and SuDS, whichshould: Surface water run-offismanaged and reduced through theuseof information on: As part proposals oftheSUDSdesign,development provide detailed the edge ofsites orsqueezed into leftover spaces. appropriate place andasvisiblefeatures rather thanbeingtucked to Drainage systems are above ground andlocated inthe most frequent episodesofextreme heat andrain. Road surfaces anddrainage systems are designedto cope withmore possible to discusstheacceptability ofanyproposals. As theadoptingauthority, Cornwall Councilisinvolved asearly as provide for simpleandstraightforward maintenance. • • • • • future management andmaintenance. • information onrightsofdischarge; and • theexisting andproposed ground conditions andground water • not increase floodriskelsewhere; and risk onthesite andthesurrounding areas; be designedandconstructed to reduce theoverall offlood level amenity andbiodiversity; be designedto maximisethebenefits to thesenseofplace, proposed development; the general drainage andimpact offloodingonboth existing and conditions; hedge behind, A30duallingscheme,Temple (courtesy ofJackieSmith) SUDS designed to maximisebiodiversity andto work withthelandscape, plusCornish y y y y y y y y
combined outflow sewer systems. separation anddiversion ofsurface water run-offfrom neighbouring consider givingon-site SUDSproposals sufficient capacity to enable is inacritical drainage area) where appropriate. Developers could of neighbouringcommunities (especiallywhere thedevelopment Retrospective SUDSare incorporated to improve theflood resilience changes withinthebuiltenvironment. be extendable to maximisebenefitsandallow for flexibility and Linked systems are usedacross anddesignedto developments areas (seeOutcome Tree pitsare utilisedfor drainage onroads andotherhard surfaced possible to reduce run-off. Green roofs andrain gardens are integrated into thedesignwhere Paths anddriveways donotslopeorstep down into properties. employed inthesite design. Permeable paving andothermeasures to slow water run-offare in highintensity rain events. Hard landscaped areas mustbedesignedto holdwater temporarily risk andincrease biodiversity. Surface water run-offsystems shouldbedesigned to minimiseflood the needfor handrails andbarriers andto supportbiodiversity. GREEN5 ). Outcome consultation draft page 85|9.Resilent places Erosion atMaerCliffnearBude(image courtesy ofKrisInch) 9.19 shouldtake Development account ofthepredicted changes to our 9.18 9.17 might impact uponvulnerable coastal habitats. coastline andavoid proposals inareas identifiedasbeingatriskorthat What we expect: Outcome ADAPT 2:Coastal change y y
exacerbate coastal squeeze should beavoided. thatmightimpactAny development oncoastal habitat and (see the Inappropriate invulnerable development areas shouldbeavoided Shoreline Management Plan ). Coastal erosion, Newquay 9.20 Topic: Resource efficiency and zero carbon Outcomes that should be considered in your design 9.21 What do we mean by this? RESOURCE 1: Energy efficiency 9.22 More than a quarter of the UK’s carbon emissions comes from the energy we use every day to heat, light and run our homes. The RESOURCE 2: Renewables embedded energy and environmental impact of producing and RESOURCE 3: Water efficiency transporting materials can also be significant. The quality of new homes and buildings is therefore of fundamental importance if RESOURCE 4: Land and materials resource efficiency Cornwall Council’s goal of net zero carbon by 2030 is to be reached. New development should follow the energy hierarchy. Intelligent RESOURCE 5: High quality and low maintenance materials design, improved building materials, insulation, energy efficient systems and appliances and renewable energy technology will not only reduce carbon emissions, but also help to address fuel poverty.
The energy hierarchy 9.23 It is not only energy that is important to consider, but the efficient use of water and the choice and reuse of building materials to minimise environmental impact and reduce long-term costs. New buildings need to be constructed from materials that are designed for Cornwall’s damp, maritime climate, to ensure that they stand the test of time. Development proposals will be expected to prioritise lower maintenance solutions and the use of high quality materials which will last longer and/or require less maintenance but be repairable when needs be.
page 86 | 9. Resilent places consultation draft Outcome consultation draft page 87|9.Resilent places 9.26 9.25 9.24 Government’s emerging (see Outcomes Homes shouldbedesignedto beasresource efficientaspossible What we expect: Outcome RESOURCE 1: Energy efficiency y y y y y y y y y y
Windows anddoors are doubleortripleglazed. example recycled newspaper andhemp. Insulating products are asenvironmentally friendlyaspossiblefor spots). envelope. Insulationisfitted correctly to avoid thermalbridges (cold and floors sothatallsections overlap withnobreaks inthethermal Insulation isinstalled inallmain elementsofthebuilding:walls, roof structure to absorbthesun’s heat energy. Materials withhighthermalmassare includedwithinthebuilding in thesummermonths. Shading isprovided to southfacing windows to prevent overheating natural lighthasbeenoptimisedinthedevelopment. For asolarmaster majordevelopments, planshows how access to positioned to thenorth. best natural heat Service rooms andcirculation andlight. areas are Living rooms are positionedto thesouthofabuildingto get the within 30degrees oftheeast-west axis. Opportunities for solargain are maximisedby orientating blocks sunlight inrear gardens andplentyofdaylightinside. Buildings are get positionedwithintheirplotssothey maximum and lighting,reduce theheat lossarea. orientationlayout, anddesignto maximisenatural heating, cooling Proposals reduce theenergy load through ofthedevelopment good INTERNAL3 Future HomesStandard and INTERNAL4 ) andrefer to the . (image courtesy ofTreveth Development) Optimal orientation inrelation to thesunandprevailing winds
Outcome consultation draft page 88|9.Resilent places Sympathetically installed solarPVpanels sittinginatray, Almere 9.29 Theadoptionofrenewable technologies mustincrease aswe move 9.28 9.27 refer to theGovernment’s emerging towards zero carbon. homesshouldreflect Thedesignofnew thisand What we expect: Outcome RESOURCE2:Renewables y y y y
(<55°C), makingthemheat pumpandheat network ready. ensuring radiator systems are sized to runatlow temperature Future proofing homesthathave a new gas boilerinstalled by the roof surface. design andnotappear asanafter-thought, ideally beingflushwith Solar panels androoftop technology shouldbeintegrated into the 40 degrees. and are notovershadowed andideally onapitch ofbetween 30and positioned onbuildingsurfaces thatface southwithin90degrees Where rooftop solarphotovoltaics are included, panels are maintenance andconnections for electricvehicle charging. to holdaphotovoltaic system andthatthedesignallows for system renewables inthefuture, e.g.make sure thatroofs are strong enough encouraged andprovision shouldbemadefor theeasy adoption of The useofrenewable energy technologies is development innew Future homesstandard . efficiency at efficiency Tregunnel Hill,Newquay (courtesy ofDylanThomas) Sympathetically installed solar panelswhilstadoptinga“fabric first” approach to Sympathetically installed solarPVpanelssittinginatray, Ambleside Outcome consultation draft page 89|9.Resilent places (also seeOutcome and windenergy generation incorporating domesticsolar Basic principlesfor FORM 3 ). 9.32 9.31 9.30 Rain gardens help to slow down surface drainage and provide green interest. Homes shouldbedesignedto beasresource efficientaspossible. What we expect: Outcome RESOURCE 3: Water efficiency y y y
is filtered andtreated for useinthe toilet and garden. Grey water recycling systems are usedwhere basin andshower water and garden use,e.g.water butts. in non-potable application suchastoilet flushing,laundry, cleaning Rainwater systems are harvesting installed for rainwater to beused spray taps, low flow showers andlow volume baths. fixtures andappliances, suchasdualflush/low flush toilets, aerated Proposals includewater meters, water savingdevices, efficient Outcome consultation draft page 90|9.Resilent places (courtesy ofADAMArchitecture) Path madefrom recycled straws, community orchard, Nansledan,Newquay 9.35 9.34 9.33 resilience. as ‘Doingmore withless’. Thisisanessentialelementoflongterm The BritishResearch Establishment definematerial resource efficiency resource efficiency Outcome RESOURCE4:Landandmaterials What we expect: y y y y y y
embodied energy where feasible. Proposals prioritisetheuseoflocally sourced materials withlow Preventing waste throughout thesupplychainanddevelopment Optimising theuseoflocal materials Using fewer materials followed by reuse andrecycling. i.e. sustainable manner. Thepreferred optionisnotto produce waste, Proposals outlinetheapproach for usingmaterials inthemost daylight anddistinctiveness. green spaces withoutcompromising onaspectssuchasliveability, minimising thearea oflandneededto bebuiltonandmaximising Efficient layouts whichallow for ready access to services whilst Using materials thatare reclaimed orthathave ahigherrecycled • Reusing existing buildings • Take theopportunity to re-use natural materials found onsite, • content either asaresult ofdemolitionorexcavation.
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i n Outcome consultation draft page 91|9.Resilent places Materials andtreatments shouldbe selected to avoid unsightly algae 9.38 Highqualitymaterials shouldbeusedwherever possibleonhomes 9.37 9.36 of thebuildingmaterials (seeOutcome important to consider theimplications ofsite layout onthedurability and inthepublicrealm to minimiseongoing maintenance. Itisalso What we expect: maintenance materials Outcome RESOURCE5:Highqualityandlow y y y y
not beprone to rust. render/paints shouldbeanti-algal, external fixtures andfittingsmust Materials are chosen to withstand thedamp, maritimeclimate, e.g. Materials usedare resilient to theimpacts ofclimate change. maintain andrepair. Surface materials allow for ease ofaccess ofaccess andbeeasy to locally distinctive, require lessmaintenance andare recyclable. usehighquality,Developments durable, natural materials thatare FORM 2 ) y
and windows. light can encourage external damp, discolouration ormould onwalls Houses are notbuiltsoclosetogether thatalackofaircirculation or An Dowr, Falmouth using slate ispreferable, asshown as Chy access andlesslikely to bemaintained; Staggered gableendscan bedifficult to 9.39 Topic: Long Term Stewardship 9.40 What do we mean by this? 9.41 The way in which a development is managed, in particular how shared spaces are managed, will have a big impact on people’s quality of life, community cohesion, the sense of place, biodiversity and drainage. Good long term stewardship means the ongoing, effective management of high quality shared open spaces. 9.42 When designing new shared open spaces their location, use and future management should be considered to make sure they are viable and sustainable and where appropriate links to existing community groups are created or enhanced. New development will be expected to prioritise lower maintenance solutions and the use of high quality materials which will last longer and require less maintenance.
Outcomes that should be considered in your design STEWARD 1: Designed for long term maintenance STEWARD 2: High quality and low maintenance STEWARD 3: Community involvement
An open spacspacee in Hayle trtransformedansformed ffromrom grgrassass ttoo a lolowerwer maintmaintenance,enance, mormoree biodivbiodiverseerse page 92 | 9. Resilent places ccommunityommunity areaarea throughthrough the Making SpaceSpace forfor NatureNature ProgrammeProgramme consultation draft Outcome consultation draft page 93|9.Resilent places Wildflower meadow created inHaylethrough theMakingSpace for Nature Programme 9.45 Itisvitally important for thesuccess thatlongterm ofthedevelopment 9.44 9.43 maintenance isconsidered from theoutset. What we expect: maintenance Outcome STEWARD 1:Designedfor longterm y y y y
property. drainage andotherresilience features are retained onprivate Measures are inplace to supporttheretention ofbiodiversity, trust. planning submissionsdetail how e.g.through thiswillbeachieved a shared openspaces are established before theplanningstage and The principlesoflongterm management andcare ofpublic and LANDSCAPE 2 green infrastructure benefits(seeOutcomes future operation andmaintenance aswell asdistinctiveness and Landscapes, plantingandspeciesare designedandselected for management andmaintenance, butnotbedefined by it. Green spaces shouldbedesignedto allow for effective long-term and GREEN5 ) LANDSCAPE 1 , Programme community area whilstretaining thefootball pitch through theMakingSpace for Nature An openspace inRedruth transformed from grass to amore attractive, biodiverse y
the maintenance andmanagement ofthese assets. green infrastructure); this musttake a long-term strategic approach to Cornwall Councilto adoptnetworks ofassets (drainage, highways and There isalong-term stewardship modelwhich hasbeendiscussedwith Outcome consultation draft page 94|9.Resilent places Low maintenance natural play, Lost Gardens ofHeligan 9.48 Equallyasimportant asplanninginlongterm maintenance istheuse 9.47 9.46 ongoing maintenance. of low maintenance, highqualitysolutionsto minimisetheneedfor What we expect: maintenance Outcome STEWARD 2:Highqualityandlow y y y y y y
and rewarded withlower costs associated withadoption. higher quality/ lower maintenance approach shouldbeencouraged The wholelife cost ofinfrastructure hasbeenconsidered anda liability (seeOutcome to reduce theneedfor future replacement andreduce ongoing Equipment andplayfeatures are predominantly natural androbust (see Outcome to feed plants(grey water/rain water isused) There isminimalneedfor artificial irrigation andmains water supply hard surfaces inthelongterm (seeOutcome appropriate pitstructures to avoid future conflicts withservices and Street trees are ofasuitable speciesandspecification andplanted in factor whenselectingscreening andsoftening plantsandtrees. The longterm management andcompatibility withotherspeciesisa wildflowers andpollinators. strips/meadows whichcan alsosupportbiodiversity including spaces: for example low growth grasses, hedgerows, wildflower Natural andlower maintenance solutionsare employed inpublic RESOURCE3 GREEN2 ). ). GREEN5 ). .0 Inorder for to thedevelopment beasuccess, theopenspaces must 9.50 9.49 9.51 population (see be designedto beappropriate to thelocal character andneedsofthe wellbeing benefits. help to foster asenseofcommunity andlead to numerous health and chapters), beaccessible to allandusableyear round. Thiswill Outcome STEWARD 3:Communityinvolvement What we expect: y y y y y
interaction. flexibly to support different activitiesthatallow community schools, cultural centres andhealth centres shouldbedesigned Where provided, indoorfacilities suchascommunity centres, defined intervals (CommunityStep inRights). awarded to athird party) therightto take over thecontract at green spaces are managed, including(where thecontract hasbeen ability for the local residents to get involved intheway thattheir Contracts for ongoing management andmaintenance includethe spaces. involved involuntary activitiesrelating to publicandshared open Residents andcommunity groups have theopportunity to get improve connections for peopleandwildlife. andwheredevelopment applicable expand existing publicrealm to Public andshared openspaces integrate and existing new occupants andare appropriate to thescale of development. Public andshared openspaces meet andexisting theneedsofnew Effective design process and Locally distinctive
Statement Template is used as the basis for all Design and Access 10 Appendices Statements; making adaptations only where necessary to suit the nature of the proposals. 10.1 Design and Access Statement guidance and template 10.10 Design and Access Statement template 10.2 When is a Design and Access Statement required? 10.11 A Design and Access Statement should begin with an appraisal of 10.3 A Design and Access Statement is required for the following planning the site, its surroundings and feedback from engagement. This applications: should then form the basis for design work, allowing the design and access elements of the statement to naturally follow on. Equally, y Applications for “major development” 1 (typically 10 or more whilst addressed separately overleaf, design and access should be dwellings, 1000sqm of new floorspace, or sites of 1ha or more); integrated aspects of any scheme. Many of the subjects set out in the y Applications for development in a World Heritage Site or recommended template below will benefit from labelled photographs conservation area, where the proposed development consists of one and illustrations. Technical and architectural diagrams should be or more dwellings or 100sqm of new floorspace; professionally and accurately drawn. The template includes links to y Applications for listed building consent. particularly relevant parts of the Design Guide. 10.4 Applications for a material change of use, waste development, 10.12 Download an editable Word version of the template. engineering operations, mining operations or amending planning conditions do not need to include a Design and Access Statement. 10.5 For smaller proposals including those for one or more dwellings, a Design Statement will be required. As with a full Design and Access Statement, this should draw on the principles raised in this Design Guide, albeit expressed in a manner proportionate to the scale and nature of the proposals. 10.6 What does a Design and Access Statement do? 10.7 The Design and Access Statement is an applicant’s opportunity to demonstrate how together the design process and proposed development reflect the context of the site, community and Cornwall Council engagement and design policy/guidance (national, local and neighbourhood) to achieve the best design solution. 10.8 How should it be prepared? 10.9 The Design and Access Statement should be concise but proportionate in length to the scale and complexity of the scheme, clearly written and well-illustrated for all stakeholders to accurately interpret the proposals. We strongly recommend that our Design and Access
1 Refer to definition in article 2 of the Town and Country Planning (Development Management Procedure (England) Order 2015 page 95 | 10. Appendices consultation draft Context Appraisal Design for fuller guidance on completing a Context Appraisal refer to the Phase 1: Context relevant to all chapters in the design guide appraisal Topic Recommended points to include Subject Recommended points to include Design principles and y explain how broad options were generated and selected Environmental context y identify habitat, hedges, trees, landscape character, concepts overview y set out the overarching principles for the amount, existing land forms, topography, flood risk and scale, layout, landscaping and appearance of the drainage – on and surrounding the site scheme and how they relate to the Context Appraisal Built form and y identify built form, materials, styles, forms and y explain how any heritage and landscape assets are materials context heights of existing buildings – on and surrounding to be treated the site y explain how the design principles relate to Local Historic and local y identify historic and cultural buildings, boundaries, Plan policy and guidance and any Neighbourhood distinctiveness context spaces and features and their significance – on and Planning policy and guidance surrounding the site Amount y explain and justify the quantum and density of development proposed and how that relates to the y refer to a Heritage Statement if one is required to see Outcomes provide further detail site’s current state and surroundings, any features FORM 1 RESOURCE 4 to be retained and the site’s surroundings Functional and y outline on-site and local infrastructure and facilities Layout y infrastructure context and how they are used including existing activities explain and justify the choice of development zones and blocks or building plots proposed including the and functions: identifying existing patterns of uses, see Outcomes layout including footpaths, cycle paths, public transport connections, LANDSCAPE 3 roads, employment, health, education and STREETS 1 y the relationship between buildings, uses and public community facilities as well as open spaces GREEN 1 GREEN 2 and private spaces within and around the site Engagement y outline relevant requirements of any neighbourhood GREEN 3 GREEN 4 y how distribution and siting relate to community plans and any other contextual information GREEN 5 HEALTH 1 facilities within and near the site see Outcomes provided within neighbourhood planning HEALTH 3 y how topography has been addressed ENGAGE 1 documents RESOURCE 4 ENGAGE 2 y how crime prevention has been considered y outline the stages and dates when stakeholder and Scale y explain and justify the height, width, depth and Cornwall Council engagement occurred, the formats massing of buildings proposed, how particular of engagement and in broad terms how feedback see Outcomes heights have been settled upon and how the FORM 1 FORM 3 influenced the design process and scheme (more proposed scale relates to the surroundings and any detail can be included under the relevant sections HEALTH 2 features to be retained INTERNAL 1 for Design and Access below) y explain and justify the size of building features, INTERNAL 2 particularly entrances and facades and how they will y outline community feedback to any relevant EXTERNAL 1 relate to the human scale previous proposals on or near the site EXTERNAL 2 y explain how homes will be well proportioned to Context evaluation y summarise constraints and opportunities EXTERNAL 3 support modern, healthy lifestyle ACCESSIBLE 1 y N.B. applicants should avoid working retrospectively ACCESSIBLE 2 i.e. trying to justify a pre-determined design through ADAPT 2 subsequent site appraisal and evaluation. RESOURCE 4 page 96 | 10. Appendices consultation draft Landscaping y explain and justify the landscaping of private Access and public spaces and their relationship to the see Outcomes refer in particular to Design Guide Chapters on Connected and accessible , surrounding area LANDSCAPE 1 Healthy, green and inclusive and Liveable homes LANDSCAPE 2 y illustrate how any green networks will be enhanced Topic Recommended points to include GREEN 1 or created Access y explain how access arrangements will ensure that all GREEN 2 users (regardless of age, disability, ethnicity or social y show how the design of outside spaces will make see Outcomes GREEN 3 grouping) will have equal and convenient access to them attractive, multifunctional and sustainable STREETS 1 GREEN 4 buildings and spaces and prioritise active travel and including making space for nature and biodiversity STREETS 2 GREEN 5 public transport use over private vehicular travel net gain TRAVEL 1 HEALTH 1 including: HEALTH 2 y set out how public spaces including planting and TRAVEL 2 NATURE 1 street furniture etc will enhance the scheme and be PARKING 1 y adherence to Local Plan policy and guidance and NATURE 2 maintained in the long term PARKING 2 any Neighbourhood Planning policy and guidance ACCESSIBLE 1 EXTERNAL 1 y any consultation on access issues that has been ADAPT 1 ACCESSIBLE 2 GREEN 1 undertaken and how this has influenced the STEWARD 1 proposal STEWARD 2 STEWARD 3 y how prospective users will access the development and why the main access points have been chosen Appearance y explain and justify the appearance of the proposed buildings and their settings including y legibility, signage and lighting see Outcomes FORM 1 y how they relate to the character of the y how any potential barriers to inclusive access have FORM 2 development’s surroundings and enhance local been addressed, including access to active travel FORM 3 distinctiveness options and the public transport network HERITAGE 1 y how architecture and public realm provides interest y how decisions about materials and appearance have considered inclusive accessibility (including the use y the palette, colour and use of materials of colour, tone and lighting in relation to entrances, y how appearance changes throughout the day and circulation routes etc) seasons y how features which ensure access will be Efficiency y outline how buildings are designed to be efficient maintained, including egress routes from buildings and easy to maintain in terms of land, materials, in case of emergency and adoption intentions see Outcomes water and energy INTERNAL 3 INTERNAL 4 RESOURCE 1 RESOURCE 2 RESOURCE 3 RESOURCE 4 RESOURCE 5
page 97 | 10. Appendices consultation draft 1. Foreword
2. Executive summary
3. Introduction DraftDesign guide 4. Effective design process 5. Locally distinctive How to achieve quality in development for people, wildlife & the environment 6. Connected and accessible NB Not all links are live in this draft document 7. Healthy, green and inclusive
8. Liveable homes
9. Climate change and community resilience
10. Appendices
www.cornwall.gov.uk consultation draft