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Original Article Egyptian Journal of Health Care, 2020 EJH vol. 11 no. 4 Pregnant Women’s Knowledge, Attitude and Self-Protective Measures Practice regarding Corona virus prevention: Health Educational Intervention Aziza Ibrahim Mohamed1, Doaa Mohamed Sobhy Elsayed2, Taisser Hamido Abosree,2 Nadia Abd ElHamed Eltohamy 4 1Obstetrics and Woman Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Benha University 2 , community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Benha University ,4Maternal and Newborn Health Nursing Faculty of Nursing, Helwan University. Abstract Background; Boosting pregnant women knowledge attitude and practice regarding COVID19 are key elements that ensure pregnant women health and safety. Pregnant women’s adherence to control measures is affected by their knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) towards COVID-19. Aim: this study aimed to evaluate the effect of health educational intervention on pregnant women knowledge, attitude and self-protective measures practice toward prevention of COVID 19. Setting: the current study was conducted at six maternal and child health centers affiliated at Kalioubia governorate. Research Design: a quasi-experimental design was used. Sample: simple random sample included 340 pregnant women, recruited as (160) in control group and (180) study group. Tools: three tools were utilized for data collection; A structured interviewing questionnaire, knowledge assessment sheet, COVID 19 related attitude assessment tool, and COVID 19 preventive measures practice assessment. Results: the present study revealed a highly statistical significant improvement of knowledge attitude and practice between subjects at both study and control group. In addition study group subjects indicated high satisfaction level regarding the study guideline. Conclusion: heath educational guideline is effectively improving pregnant women knowledge, attitude and self-protective measures practice regarding prevention of COVID 19. Keywords: Heath education, Guideline, knowledge, attitude, practice &COVID19. Corresponding Author: Aziza Ibrahim Mohamed Hassan, [email protected] Introduction March 11, 2020, the WHO declared COVID-19 a pandemic (WHO, Coronavirus disease 2019 2020).COVID 19 is highly infectious (COVID-19 is an emerging respiratory disease and its main clinical symptoms disease that is caused by a novel vary from fever, dry cough, fatigue, coronavirus, which was first diagnosed in myalgia, and dyspnea to acute respiratory December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and distress syndrome, difficult-to-tackle subsequently spread to many other metabolic acidosis, septic shock, and countries. Numerous countries have bleeding and coagulation reported increasing numbers of confirmed dysfunction (The Novel Coronavirus cases and deaths per day; therefore, on Pneumonia Emergency Response 260 Original Article Egyptian Journal of Health Care, 2020 EJH vol. 11 no. 4 Epidemiology Team, 2020) & (Chen et women needs, so the aim of the current al., 2020). Pregnant women might be at study is to evaluate the effect of increased risk for severe illness from educational intervention on pregnant COVID-19 compared to non-pregnant women knowledge, attitude and practice people. Additionally, there may be an toward COVID19 prevention. increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as preterm birth, among Significance of the study pregnant people with COVID-19 (CDC, 2020). The anatomical and physiological Pregnancy is a time full of changes occurring during pregnancy excitement and anticipation. But for make the pregnant women more expectant women encountering the vulnerable to severe infections as an outbreak of the coronavirus disease increase in the transverse diameter of the (COVID-19), fear, anxiety and thoracic cage and an elevated level of the uncertainty are clouding this otherwise diaphragm, decrease maternal tolerance to happy time. The battle against COVID-19 hypoxia. Lung volume changes and is still continuing all over the world. To vasodilation can lead to mucosal edema guarantee the final success, people’s and increased secretions in the upper adherence to these control measures are respiratory tract. In addition, alterations in essential, which is largely affected by cell-mediated immunity contribute to the their knowledge, attitudes, and practices increased susceptibility of pregnant (KAP) towards COVID-19 in accordance women to be infected by intracellular with KAP theory (9,10). Moreover different organisms such as viruses (Schwartz & . study added that from the Lessons learned Graham, 2020) After initial studies from the SARS outbreak in 2003 that suggested that pregnant mothers were not knowledge and attitudes towards at a higher risk of complications of infectious diseases are associated with COVID-19 infection, recently Sweden level of panic emotion among the and the US investigations have indicated population especially pregnant women that both pregnant and postpartum and risk group, which can further mothers are at increased risk of severe complicate attempts to prevent the spread complications associated with COVID-19 of the disease (11,12)]. To facilitate (Collin ,2020) &(Ellington,2020) . In an outbreak management of COVID-19 analysis of 8207 cases of COVID-19 in among pregnant women there is an urgent the obstetric population, the Centers for need to understand pregnant women’s Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) awareness of COVID-19 at this critical reported a higher risk of ICU admission moment. Various research studies clearly and mechanical ventilation compared to indicate the importance of improving no pregnant women, although no higher residents’ COVID-19 knowledge via risk of mortality was identified (CDC, health education, which may also result in 2020). Health education programs play an improvements in their attitudes and important role in improving COVID-19 practices towards COVID-19 (13, 14). These knowledge and also are helpful for findings further suggest that the health encouraging an optimistic attitudes and education intervention would be more maintaining safe practices (Zhong et al., effective if it targets certain demographic 2020). groups, for example, the COVID-19 knowledge may be greatly increased if During antenatal visits nurse is the the health education programs are primary health care provider that provide specifically designed for pregnant women. health education regarding pregnant 261 Original Article Egyptian Journal of Health Care, 2020 EJH vol. 11 no. 4 Aim of the research Study was conducted at 6 different maternal and child health centers were The aim of the current study was randomly selected at Benha city where to evaluate the effect educational pregnant women go to have their intervention guideline on knowledge, antenatal care including (immunization, attitude and self –protective measures follow up),and where heath related practice of pregnant women regarding educational intervention were given. COVID 19 prevention. Subjects Research Objectives: Type: The research sample was 1. Assess pregnant women randomly selected using simple random knowledge, attitude and self-protective sample technique as, 3 or 4 women were measures practice regarding COVID 19 randomly selected daily from total prevention before implementation of women admitted to the study setting all educational intervention. the pregnant women. 2. Validate the designed Size: a total 340 pregnant women educational intervention guideline for (160) were included in the control group pregnant women regarding COVID 19 and (180) in the study group. prevention. Recruitment strategy: 3. Evaluate effect of educational intervention guideline on pregnant Pregnant women were directly women knowledge, attitude and self- asked to participate in the study after protective measures practice toward explanation of the purpose of the study. COVID 19 prevention. For the control group subjects were recruited from three MCH centers for a Research Hypothesis: period of first month, and the study group subjects were recruited from other three Educational intervention guideline MCH centers. exhibit improvement in knowledge, attitude and self-protective measures Tools of data collection practice regarding COVID 19 prevention. three tools were used for collecting data: Subjects and Methods First tool: Research design An interviewing questionnaire; it A quantitative quasi -experimental was divided into two Parts 1) personal nonequivalent groups design was utilized data, and obstetrical history such as in the current study in order to decrease (gravida parity and gestational age);2) time of contact with pregnant women to knowledge related (COVID-19). This avoid risk for transmission of COVID 19 questionnaire area was developed infection. following review of literatures on the (WHO,2020) & (CDC ,2020).It was Setting consisted of six closed ended questions , for each question a number of correct answer was given for: definition of COVID -19 (2 ) correct answers, for 262 Original Article Egyptian Journal of Health Care, 2020 EJH vol. 11 no. 4 signs and symptoms of COVID -19 (9) Uncertain attitude ….60-75 of correct answers, for mode of total practice score (17-20 score). transmission & factors increase risk for COVID -19 (5) correct answers, for risk Positive attitude ……> 75% of group for COVID -19 (10) correct total practice score (>20 score). answers and finally for Protective measures against COVID-19 question (8) Third tool: correct answers . The study subject was asked if it is correct or incorrect).The A practice questionnaire study subjects
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