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Catholic Reformation in Protestant Britain for John Bossy Catholic Reformation in Protestant Britain Catholic Reformation in Protestant Britain For John Bossy Catholic Reformation in Protestant Britain ALEXANDRA WALSHAM Trinity College, Cambridge, UK First published 2014 by Ashgate Publishing Published 2016 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN 711 T hird Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business Copyright © Alexandra Walsham 2014 Alexandra Walsham has asserted her right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identified as the author of this work. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library The Library of Congress has cataloged the printed edition as follows: Walsham, Alexandra, 1966– Catholic Reformation in Protestant Britain / by Alexandra Walsham. pages cm.—(Catholic Christendom, 1300–1700) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-7546-5723-1 (hardcover) 1. Counter-Reformation—Great Britain. 2. Catholic Church—Great Britain—History—16th century. 3. Catholic Church—Great Britain—History—17th century. 4. Counter-Reformation— England. 5. Catholic Church—England—History—16th century. 6. Catholic Church—England—History—17th century. 7. Great Britain—Church history— 16th century. 8. Great Britain—Church history—17th century. 9. England— Church history—16th century 10. England—Church history—17th century. I. Title. BX1492.W275 2015 282’.41009031—dc23 2013043325 ISBN 9780754657231 (hbk) Contents List of Figures vii Series Editor’s Preface xi Preface and Acknowledgements xiii List of Abbreviations xvii 1 In the Lord’s Vineyard: Catholic Reformation in Protestant Britain 1 PART I CONSCIENCE AND CONFORMITY 2 Yielding to the Extremity of the Time: Conformity and Orthodoxy 53 3 England’s Nicodemites: Crypto-Catholicism and Religious Pluralism 85 4 Ordeals of Conscience: Casuistry and Confessional Identity 103 PART II MiRACLES AND MISSIONARIES 5 Miracles and the Counter-Reformation Mission 129 6 Holywell and the Welsh Catholic Revival 177 7 Catholic Reformation and the Cult of Angels 207 PART III COMMUNICATION AND CONVERSION 8 Dumb Preachers: Catholicism and the Culture of Print 235 9 Unclasping the Book? The Douai-Rheims Bible 285 vi Catholic REFormation IN PROTEStant Britain 10 This New Army of Satan: the Jesuit Mission and the Formation of Public Opinion 315 PART IV TRANSLATION AND TRANSMUTATION 11 Translating Trent? English Catholicism and the Counter Reformation 341 12 Beads, Books and Bare Ruined Choirs: Transmutations of Ritual Life 369 Bibliography 399 Index 473 List of Figures 2.1 ‘Reasons of Refusall’: Robert Persons, A brief discours containing certayne reasons why Catholiques refuse to goe to Church (Douai [London secret press], 1580), title-page. By permission of the Syndics of Cambridge University Library. Shelfmark Peterborough.E.5.12. 58 2.2 Bell’s ‘comfortable advertisement’ on conformity denounced: Henry Garnet, An apology against the defence of schisme ([London secret press], 1593), title- page. By permission of the Syndics of Cambridge University Library. Shelfmark Syn.8.59.123. 65 5.1 Garnet’s straw: ‘Miraculosa effigies R.P. Henrici Garneti’: from Andreas Eudaemon-Joannes, Apologia (Cologne, 1610). © The Trustees of the British Museum. Department of Prints and Drawings: 1861,0518.1314; AN1024564. 148 5.2 Image of the crucifix discovered in the trunk of an ash tree on the estate of Sir Thomas Stradling in Glamorganshire, 1561: Nicholas Harpsfield,Dialogi sex contra summi pontificatus, monasticae vitae, sanctorum, sacrarum imaginum oppugnatores, et pseudomartyres (Antwerp, 1573 edn), fold-out plate attached to p. 369. By permission of the Syndics of Cambridge University Library. Shelfmark Pet. A. 2.8. 155 5.3 The interior vision that led to the conversion of John Genings: John Genings, The life and death of Mr Edmund Geninges (St Omer, 1614), facing p. 94. By permission of the Master and Fellows of Trinity College, Cambridge. Shelfmark C. 10.80(1). 164 6.1 Exterior of the chapel over St Winefride’s Well. © Crown copyright: Royal Commission on Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales. 180 6.2 Bathing pool of St Winefride’s Well. © Crown copyright: Royal Commission on Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales. 181 viii CatholIC ReformatION IN Protestant BRItaIN 6.3 Interior of St Winefride’s Well. © Crown copyright: Royal Commission on Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales. 182 6.4 Robert, abbot of Shrewsbury, The admirable life of Saint Wenefride virgin, martyr, abbesse, trans. J[ohn] F[alconer] ([St Omer], 1635), title-page and frontispiece. Courtesy of Special Collections, University of Exeter. Shelfmark Syon Abbey 1635/ROB. 190 6.5 The martyrdom of St Winefride: Giovanni Battista de Cavalleriis, Ecclesiae Anglicanae Trophaea (Rome, [1584]). © The British Library Board. Shelfmark 551.e.35. 192 6.6 Holywell in the early eighteenth century: engraving. © The Trustees of the British Museum. Prints and Drawings: AN128898001, Registration number: 1867,0309.638; British XVIIc Mounted Roy. 200 7.1 Jeremias Drexelius, The angel guardian’s clock (Rouen, [1630]), title-page. By permission of the Syndics of Cambridge University Library. Shelfmark Syn.8.62.6. 218 8.1 Henry VIII distributing the word of God (verbum dei) to the English people: The bible in Englyshe [The Great Bible] (London, 1539), title-page. By permission of the Syndics of Cambridge University Library. Shelfmark Young 35. 236 8.2 The bible outweighing all the pope’s ‘trinkets’: A new-yeeres-gift for the pope ([London, c.1625]). By permission of the Pepys Library, Magdalene College, Cambridge. 237 8.3 ‘A Showe of the Protestants Petigrew as ye have it before at large deducted’, in The apologie of Fridericus Staphylus … intreating of the true and right understanding of holy Scripture: of the translation of the Bible in to the vulgar tongue: of disagreement in doctrine amonge the Protestants, trans. Thomas Stapleton (Antwerp, 1565), fold-out plate, between sigs Gg4 and Hh1. © The British Library Board. Shelfmark 698.d.1. 255 8.4 The execution of Margaret Clitherow at York, 1586, from Richard Verstegan, Theatrum crudelitatum haereticorum nostri temporis (Antwerp, 1587), p. 77. © The British Library Board. Shelfmark 4570.d.21. 262 LIST OF FIGURES ix 8.5 Protestant laypeople following the preacher in their bibles compared with Catholics fingering their rosary beads: John Foxe, Actes and monuments (London, 1610 edn), detail from title-page. By permission of the Syndics of Cambridge University Library. Shelfmark K*7.1. 271 8.6, 8.7 Books for the illiterate?: Godly contemplations for the unlearned ([Antwerp, 1575]), title-page and sig. H1r. By permission of the President and Fellows of Corpus Christi College, Oxford. Shelfmark Δ.14.10. 277 8.8 The literature of private prayer: A method, to meditate on the psalter, or great rosarie of our blessed ladie (Antwerp [English secret press], 1598), sigs E8v–F1r. © The British Library Board. Shelfmark 3456.aa.10. 279 9.1 The Rheims New Testament: The new testament of Jesus Christ, translated faithfully into English, out of the authentical Latin (Rheims, 1582), title-page. By permission of the Master and Fellows of Trinity College, Cambridge. Shelfmark C.12.23. 288 9.2 Anti-Protestant annotations on Colossians 2: The new testament of Jesus Christ, translated faithfully into English, out of the authentical Latin (Rheims, 1582), pp. 540–41. By permission of the Master and Fellows of Trinity College, Cambridge. Shelfmark C.12.23. 305 9.3 St Mark writing the Gospel: The new testament … the fourth edition, enriched with pictures ([Rouen?], 1633), illustration facing sig. A1r. Courtesy of Special Collections, University of Exeter. Shelfmark 1633/BIB. 311 10.1 A Protestant warning to beware of false prophets: A newe secte of friars called Capichini ([London, 1580]). © The British Library Board. Shelfmark Huth 50 (43). 326 12.1 ‘Certaine of the Popes Merchandize lately sent over into England’, fold-out plate in B[ernard] G[arter], A newe yeares gifte dedicated to the popes holiness and all the Catholikes addicted to the sea of Rome (London, 1579). © The British Library Board. Shelfmark 3932.dd.15. 378 12.2 ‘Lady Hungerford’s Meditations upon the Beades’, fold-out plate in John Bucke, Instructions on the use of the beades (Louvain, 1589). © The British Library Board. Shelfmark Huth 75. 380 x CatholIC ReformatION IN Protestant BRItaIN 12.3 ‘The Prospect of Glasenbury Abby’: William Stukeley, Itinerarium Curiosum (London, 1724), plate 37. By permission of the Syndics of Cambridge University Library. Shelfmark Ll.11.61. 390 12.4 The ruined Lady Chapel, Mount Grace Priory, a destination of Catholic pilgrims in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries: Samuel and Nathaniel Buck, A Collection of Engravings of Castles, and Abbeys in England, 3 vols (London, 1726–39), i. 12. By permission of the Master and Fellows of Trinity College, Cambridge. Shelfmark L. 6.56–58. 391 Series Editor’s Preface Catholic Christendom, 1300–1700 counter-balances the traditional, still-influential understanding of medieval (or Catholic) and reformation (or Protestant) religious history that has long resulted in neglect of the middle ground, both chronological and ideological. Continuities between the middle ages and early modern Europe remain overlooked or underestimated, in contrast to the radical discontinuities, and in studies of the later period especially, the identification of ‘reformation’ with various kinds of Protestantism too often leaves evidence of the vitality and creativity of the Catholic church, whether in its Roman or local manifestations, out of account.
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