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Impacto De Inseticidas Neonicotinoides Em Abelh

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Impacto De Inseticidas Neonicotinoides Em Abelh Universidade de São Paulo Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiróz” Impacto de inseticidas neonicotinoides em abelhas africanizadas e nativas sem ferrão (Hymenoptera: Apoidea): toxicidade, alterações na atividade de locomoção e riqueza de espécies em pomares de citros Cynthia Renata de Oliveira Jacob Tese apresentada para obtenção do título de Doutora em Ciências. Área de concentração: Entomologia Piracicaba 2019 Cynthia Renata de Oliveira Jacob Bacharel e Licenciado em Ciências Biológicas Impacto de inseticidas neonicotinoides em abelhas africanizadas e nativas sem ferrão (Hymenoptera: Apoidea): toxicidade, alterações na atividade de locomoção e riqueza de espécies em pomares de citros versão revisada de acordo com a resolução CoPGr 6018 de 2011 Orientador: Prof. Dr. PEDRO TAKAO YAMAMOTO Tese apresentada para obtenção do título de Doutora em Ciências. Área de concentração: Entomologia Piracicaba 2019 2 Dados Internacionais de Catalogação na Publicação DIVISÃO DE BIBLIOTECA – DIBD/ESALQ/USP Jacob, Cynthia Renata de Oliveira Impacto de inseticidas neonicotinoides em abelhas africanizadas e nativas sem ferrão (Hymenoptera: Apoidea): toxicidade, alterações na atividade de locomoção e riqueza de espécies em pomares de citros/Cynthia Renata de Oliveira Jacob. - - versão revisada de acordo com a resolução CoPGr 6018 de 2011.- - Piracicaba, 2019. 82 p. Tese (Doutorado) - - USP / Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”. 1. Detecção residual 2. Hplc-UV 3. Inseticidas neurotóxicos 4. Toxicidade oral aguda 5. Função motora I. Título 3 Aos meus pais José Maria Jacob e Luiza Aparecida de Oliveira Jacob, minha irmã Jéssica Fernanda de Oliveira Jacob e sobrinho Paulo Eduardo Silva Jacob pelo carinho, incentivo e apoio em minha formação profissional e pessoal. DEDICO 4 5 Agradecimentos Ao Prof. Dr. Pedro T. Yamamoto pela orientação, ensinamentos, confiança e oportunidade para realização desse trabalho. A Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes) pela concessão da bolsa de estudo e a Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP), pelos recursos fornecidos ao Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Exatas-ESALQ/USP (processos: 2013/50228-8 e 2014/15760-3) e ao Laboratório de Ecologia de Insetos; Departamento de Entomologia e Acarologia-ESALQ/USP (processo: 2014/16607-9) A todos os professores do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia e Acarologia da Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiróz” (ESALQ/USP), pelos ensinamentos. Ao Departamento de Entomologia e Acarologia da Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiróz” (ESALQ/USP) e seus funcionários por toda infraestrutura disponibilizada e serviços prestados para a execução deste trabalho. Ao Prof. Dr. Osmar Malaspina do Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais (CEIS) da UNESP de Rio Claro, pela colaboração e empréstimo de colônias de abelhas sem ferrão. A todos os amigos e colegas do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia e Acarologia da Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiróz” (ESALQ/USP), em especial a amiga Carina Ap. S. Silva e à sua família por todo companheirismo, auxilio e tudo que fizeram por mim, sou imensamente grata. A todos os amigos e colegas do Laboratório de Manejo Integrado de Pragas (ESALQ/USP) em especial ao amigo Odimar Z. Zanardi pelo aprendizado, conversas, contribuição para a condução deste trabalho e toda paciência. Aos amigos e colaboradores Profa. Simone Possedente de Lira e ao técnico de laboratório Felipe G. Andrino do Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Exatas (ESALQ/USP), por toda infraestrutura disponibilizada, auxílio, aprendizado e contribuição para a condução deste trabalho. Aos amigos e colaboradores Rafael de Andrade Moral, José Bruno Malaquias, Gabriel R. Rugno, Lucas Barros, Monique B. Oliveira, Carlos Roberto dos Santos, Hellen P. P. Leite, Emilia Notalgiacomo, Karen Viana, Rodrigo Faria, Matheus R. Morais, sem a ajuda de cada um de vocês, esse trabalho não seria possível. A todos que contribuíram de alguma maneira durante o doutorado para minha formação, crescimento profissional e, principalmente, pessoal. Gratidão 6 7 SUMÁRIO RESUMO ................................................................................................................................... 9 ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................. 10 1. CONSIDERAÇÕES GERAIS .............................................................................................. 11 1.1. Introdução geral ............................................................................................................. 11 REFERÊNCIAS ....................................................................................................................... 14 2. DETECÇÃO DE IMIDACLOPRIDO EM FLORES DE CITROS E SEUS IMPACTOS SOBRE A RIQUEZA DE ABELHAS E ATIVIDADE MOTORA ........................................ 19 RESUMO ................................................................................................................................. 19 ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................. 19 2.1. Introdução ...................................................................................................................... 20 2.2. Material e Métodos ........................................................................................................ 22 2.2.1. Análise de resíduos – Cromatografia Líquida (HPLC- UV) .................................. 22 2.2.1.1. Amostras .......................................................................................................... 22 2.2.1.2. Extração ........................................................................................................... 22 2.2.1.3. Quantificação de resíduos e condições do HPLC ............................................ 23 2.2.2. Riqueza de espécies de abelhas .............................................................................. 23 2.2.3. Ensaio de comportamento – Atividade de locomoção ........................................... 24 2.2.3.1. Preparo da dieta com inseticida e insetos ........................................................ 24 2.2.3.2. Atividade de locomoção .................................................................................. 24 2.2.4. Análise de Dados .................................................................................................... 25 2.3. Resultados ...................................................................................................................... 25 2.3.1. Análise de resíduos - Cromatografia Líquida (HPLC-UV) .................................... 25 2.3.2. Riqueza de espécies de abelhas .............................................................................. 26 2.3.3. Avaliação da atividade locomotora ........................................................................ 27 2.4. Discussão ....................................................................................................................... 31 REFERÊNCIAS ....................................................................................................................... 36 3. IMPACTO DE QUATRO INSETICIDAS NEONICOTINOIDES AMPLAMENTE UTILIZADOS SOBRE Tetragonisca angustula (LATREILLE) (HYMENOPTERA: APIDAE) .................................................................................................................................. 41 RESUMO ................................................................................................................................. 41 ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................. 41 8 3.1. Introdução ..................................................................................................................... 42 3.2. Material e Métodos ....................................................................................................... 44 3.2.1. Insetos .................................................................................................................... 44 3.2.2. Produtos Químicos ................................................................................................. 44 3.2.3. Ensaios ................................................................................................................... 44 3.2.4. Avaliação dos níveis de suscetibilidade oral de Tetragonisca angustula a insecticidas neonicotinoides ............................................................................................. 45 3.2.5. Efeito de inseticidas neonicotinoides na atividade de locomoção de Tetragonisca angustula .......................................................................................................................... 45 3.3. Resultados e discussão .................................................................................................. 46 REFERÊNCIAS ....................................................................................................................... 52 4. TOXICIDADE ORAL AGUDA E IMPACTO DOS NEONICOTINOIDES SOBRE Apis mellifera L. E Scaptotrigona postica LATREILLE (HYMENOPTERA: APIDAE) .............. 59 RESUMO ................................................................................................................................. 59 ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................
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