DOCSLIB.ORG

Evolución, Y Función De La Heterostilia En Linum (Linaceae) Resumen

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Evolución, Y Función De La Heterostilia En Linum (Linaceae) Resumen Proyecto de Tesis Doctoral que presenta el Ldo. en Ciencias Biológicas José Ruiz Martín, para optar al título de Doctor en Ciencias Biológicas por la Universidad de Sevilla Se solicita la inscripción para la defensa de la Tesis Doctoral en Biología en la Universidad de Sevilla Directores: Dra. Rocío Pérez-Barrales (Universidad de Portsmouth, Reino Unido) y Dr. Juan Arroyo Marín (Universidad de Sevilla), profesores del claustro del Programa de Doctorado en Biología Integrada de la Universidad de Sevilla. Título: Evolución, y función de la heterostilia en Linum (Linaceae) Resumen: Antecedentes: El género Linum L., que comprende alrededor de 180 especies (The Plant List 2013, Version 1. http://www.theplantlist.org/ último acceso el 10 de Marzo de 2017) y con una distribución cosmopolita, ha sido históricamente importante en el estudio de la evolución de la heterostilia. En concreto, Darwin (1877) fue el primer autor en describir la variación en la altura de estigmas y estambres, así como en el sistema de incompatibilidad en algunas especies de Linum. Este trabajo estimuló el interés de otros autores por entender mejor la variación de la heterostilia en Linum, lo que ha favorecido la generación de información descriptiva sobre la biología reproductiva de varias especies y evaluar algunas asunciones básicas sobre el funcionamiento del polimorfismo (Dulberger, R. (1992). Floral polymorphisms and their functional significance in the heterostylous syndrome. In Evolution and function of heterostyly (pp. 41- 84). Springer Berlin Heidelberg., entre otros). A pesar de ello, solo recientemente han aparecido algunos trabajos con un enfoque ecológico y evolutivo. Por ejemplo, el trabajo de Armbruster et al (2006) (Armbruster, W. S., Pérez‐Barrales, R., Arroyo, J., Edwards, M. E., & Vargas, P. (2006). Three‐ dimensional reciprocity of floral morphs in wild flax (Linum suffruticosum): a new twist on heterostyly. New Phytologist, 171(3), 581-590) puso de manifiesto que pequeñas variaciones en tres dimensiones en la posición de anteras y estigmas pueden funcionar para mejorar la transferencia de polen entre morfos. Por otro lado, el trabajo de McDill et al (2009) (McDill, J., Repplinger, M., Simpson, B. B., & Kadereit, J. W. (2009). The phylogeny of Linum and Linaceae subfamily Linoideae, with implications for their systematics, biogeography, and evolution of heterostyly. Systematic Botany, 34(2), 386-405, fue el primer trabajo filogenético a nivel de género, donde los autores incluyeron un muestreo amplio, y en el que realizaron una reconstrucción evolutiva del polimorfismo. A pesar que la contribución de estos estudios ha aportado información relevante sobre la evolución de la heterostilia en Linum, aún quedan grandes vacíos de conocimiento. En concreto, poco se sabe sobre la variación en la morfología floral, mas allá de clasificaciones cualitativas (e.g., homostilia vs. heterostilia), y su significado micro- y macroevolutivo. La presente Tesis Doctoral pretende aportar esta falta de conocimiento a través de los siguientes objetivos que se presentan por Capítulo de Tesis: 1. Variación de la heterostilia y polimorfismos sexuales asociados en Linum L. (Capítulo 2): Para ahondar en esta cuestión primero debemos caracterizar el polimorfismo de las distintas especies que conforman el género, mediante mediciones de verticilos sexuales de flores de cada especie y aplicando test estadísticos para caracterizar los distintos tipos de hercogamia. El objetivo de este capítulo consistió en describir la variación morfológica en la altura de los estilos, estambres y hercogamia en las especies de Linum, y poder asignar con precisión el tipo de polimorfismo floral correspondiente a cada especie. Como resultado principal se caracterizaron hasta 8 polimorfismos florales en el género, lo que nos coloca en un perfecto escenario para probar las hipótesis principales sobre la evolución de la heterostilia en el siguiente capítulo. 2. Style polymorphism in Linum (Linaceae): a case of Mediterranean convergent evolution? (Capítulo 3): Debemos tener una hipótesis sólida sobre las relaciones filogenéticas entre las especies y poblaciones. De estudios anteriores se ha deducido que la heterostilia en Linum parece ser un estado asociado a la Cuenca Mediterránea. A partir de una extensa revisión de la literatura acerca de este tema se encontró que hay algunas especies heterostilas de la Región de El Cabo en Sudáfrica, que también se desarrollan en condiciones de clima mediterráneo y que han sido muestreadas y analizadas, lo que puede arrojar luz sobre las condiciones ambientales que favorecen la heterostilia en Linum. En este capítulo, el objetivo fue generar una filogenia molecular nueva en la que se incluyeran un mayor número de especies del género, con la idea de estimar el tiempo de divergencia en relación a los eventos macroevolutivos más importantes de aparición del polimorfismo. Esta información además se usó para poder realizar una reconstrucción evolutiva del polimorfismo, así como evaluar posibles asociaciones evolutivas con rasgos relacionados con el ciclo de vida (perennialidad o anualidad). 3. Relaciones evolutivas entre distintos linajes de lino blanco (Linum tenuifolium s.l.) en la cuenca del mediterráneo (Capítulo 4). Este grupo contiene dos especies distintas: L. tenuifolium L. (especie monomórfica estilar) y L. suffruticosum L. (especie heterostila, con una hercogamia recíproca especial en tres dimensiones), aunque este último presenta una gran variabilidad fenotípica sobre todo en la Península Ibérica. Todas las poblaciones colectadas servirán para el análisis filogenético y filogeográfico y para detectar la verdadera posición taxonómica y geográfica de la diversidad del grupo. También se ha encontrado, en Linum suffruticosum, la presencia de un tipo nuevo de heterostilia, llamada “de reciprocidad tridimensional”, debido a que esta reciprocidad ocurre en altura de estambres y estigmas, en su disposición interna y externa respecto al eje vertical floral, y en la torsión hacia dentro o fuera de anteras y estigmas (Armbruster et al. 2006). Estos autores señalan que tal disposición mejora la transferencia legítima (entre morfos) de polen, en detrimento de la ilegítima (dentro de morfos, dentro de la flor). Por tanto representa un apoyo a ciertas hipótesis sobre la evolución de la heterostilia en las que esta promoción de la transferencia legítima es el factor clave (The evolution of heterostyly. In Evolution and function of heterostyly (pp. 151- 178). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Lloyd, D. G., & Webb, C. J. (1992)), como ya propuso Darwin en “The different forms of flowers on plants of the same species” (1877). De hecho, esta heterostilia tridimensional aparece de forma terminal en una filogenia muy preliminar de algunas especies de Linum (Armbruster et al. 2006). Sin embargo, no se sabe si hay casos intermedios en esta evolución o si una vez alcanzada ésta heterostilia, es estable. El objetivo general de este capítulo consistió en estudiar procesos microevolutivos de la aparición de la heterostilia en tres dimensiones en el complejo de L. tenuifolium aggr., usando para ello información morfológica y del sistema de incompatibilidad. Además, se incorporaron marcadores moleculares nucleares y plastidiales para establecer las relaciones filogenéticas y procesos filogeográficos. Además se determinaran los mecanismos de reproducción de las distintas formas estilares, cuando las hay, y el tipo de hercogamia presente en este grupo de especies. 4. An unnoticed flax species (Linum flos-carmini, Linaceae) from North Morocco revealed by morphological evidence. (Capítulo 5): Por último se presenta un resultado colateral, el reconocimiento de una nueva especie heterostila de Marruecos. El estudio morfológico del capítulo 2 permitió identificar problemas taxonómicos en L. setaceum en el Norte de África, que están relacionados directamente con la evolución de la heterostilia en Linum. El objetivo del capítulo 4 fue esclarecer el estado taxonómico de L. setaceum var. bicolor f. robusta . Los resultados de la tesis son: 1. Variación de la heterostilia y polimorfismos sexuales asociados en Linum L.: En el manuscrito correspondiente al capítulo 2 se describen ocho tipos de polimorfismos que posteriormente se han usado para reconstruir la evolución de este carácter en la filogenia. Además se describe un nuevo polimorfismo en el género, trimorfismo estilar, encontrado en una especie localizada en Turquía. En concreto se describen especies sin polimorfismo, es decir, que los verticilos sexuales que presentan sus flores no exhiben diferencia en las alturas de estambres y estigmas (especies sin hercogamia); Otras presentan una hercogamia horizontal, es decir, los verticilos sexuales se separan no en altura, sino en el eje horizontal. También existe una hercogamia reversa, es decir, todas las flores de la población presentan los estambres por encima de los estigmas, situación bastante rara en la naturaleza. Y la hercogamia de aproximación, donde los estigmas se colocan por encima de los estigmas en toda la población pero no de una forma perfecta sino que esa hercogamia puede variar. Además, se estudia la variabilidad que presenta la distilia en el género, y se pone de manifiesto que esta distilia difiere entre especies. Para ello se usan los dos test más empleados para caracterizar y dar valores orientativos sobre la perfección de la reciprocidad presente en cada especie heterostila estudiada, ya sean distílicas o trimórficas (Richards, J. H., & Koptur, S. (1993). Floral variation
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Revisiting the Concept of Host Range of Plant Pathogens
    PY57CH04_Morris ARjats.cls July 18, 2019 12:43 Annual Review of Phytopathology Revisiting the Concept of Host Range of Plant Pathogens Cindy E. Morris and Benoît Moury Pathologie Végétale, INRA, 84140, Montfavet, France; email: [email protected] Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 2019. 57:63–90 Keywords First published as a Review in Advance on evolutionary history, network analysis, cophylogeny, host jump, host May 13, 2019 specialization, generalism The Annual Review of Phytopathology is online at phyto.annualreviews.org Abstract https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-phyto-082718- Strategies to manage plant disease—from use of resistant varieties to crop 100034 rotation, elimination of reservoirs, landscape planning, surveillance, quar- Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 2019.57:63-90. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org Copyright © 2019 by Annual Reviews. antine, risk modeling, and anticipation of disease emergences—all rely on All rights reserved knowledge of pathogen host range. However, awareness of the multitude of Access provided by b-on: Universidade de Lisboa (ULisboa) on 09/02/19. For personal use only. factors that influence the outcome of plant–microorganism interactions, the spatial and temporal dynamics of these factors, and the diversity of any given pathogen makes it increasingly challenging to define simple, all-purpose rules to circumscribe the host range of a pathogen. For bacteria, fungi, oomycetes, and viruses, we illustrate that host range is often an overlapping continuum—more so than the separation of discrete pathotypes—and that host jumps are common. By setting the mechanisms of plant–pathogen in- teractions into the scales of contemporary land use and Earth history, we propose a framework to assess the frontiers of host range for practical appli- cations and research on pathogen evolution.
    [Show full text]
  • Native Plants Sixth Edition Sixth Edition AUSTRALIAN Native Plants Cultivation, Use in Landscaping and Propagation
    AUSTRALIAN NATIVE PLANTS SIXTH EDITION SIXTH EDITION AUSTRALIAN NATIVE PLANTS Cultivation, Use in Landscaping and Propagation John W. Wrigley Murray Fagg Sixth Edition published in Australia in 2013 by ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Reed New Holland an imprint of New Holland Publishers (Australia) Pty Ltd Sydney • Auckland • London • Cape Town Many people have helped us since 1977 when we began writing the first edition of Garfield House 86–88 Edgware Road London W2 2EA United Kingdom Australian Native Plants. Some of these folk have regrettably passed on, others have moved 1/66 Gibbes Street Chatswood NSW 2067 Australia to different areas. We endeavour here to acknowledge their assistance, without which the 218 Lake Road Northcote Auckland New Zealand Wembley Square First Floor Solan Road Gardens Cape Town 8001 South Africa various editions of this book would not have been as useful to so many gardeners and lovers of Australian plants. www.newhollandpublishers.com To the following people, our sincere thanks: Steve Adams, Ralph Bailey, Natalie Barnett, www.newholland.com.au Tony Bean, Lloyd Bird, John Birks, Mr and Mrs Blacklock, Don Blaxell, Jim Bourner, John Copyright © 2013 in text: John Wrigley Briggs, Colin Broadfoot, Dot Brown, the late George Brown, Ray Brown, Leslie Conway, Copyright © 2013 in map: Ian Faulkner Copyright © 2013 in photographs and illustrations: Murray Fagg Russell and Sharon Costin, Kirsten Cowley, Lyn Craven (Petraeomyrtus punicea photograph) Copyright © 2013 New Holland Publishers (Australia) Pty Ltd Richard Cummings, Bert
    [Show full text]
  • And Related Taxa: Evolutionary Relationships and Character Evolution
    Cladistics Cladistics 27 (2011) 559–580 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2011.00352.x A phylogenetic analysis of morphological and molecular characters of Lithospermum L. (Boraginaceae) and related taxa: evolutionary relationships and character evolution James I. Cohen* Department of Biology and Chemistry, Texas A&M International University, LBVSC 379E, 5201 University Blvd, Laredo, TX 78041, USA Accepted 12 January 2011 Abstract Lithospermum (Boraginaceae) includes ca. 60 species and exhibits a wide range of floral, palynological, and vegetative diversity. Phylogenetic analyses based on 10 chloroplast DNA regions and 22 morphological characters were conducted in order to (i) examine evolutionary relationships within Lithospermum and among related genera of Boraginaceae, and (ii) investigate patterns of morphological evolution. Several morphological features, such as long-funnelform corollas, faucal appendages, reciprocal herkogamy, and evident secondary leaf venation, have evolved multiple times within the genus. In contrast, other morphological features, including the presence of glands and the position and number of pollen pores, are less plastic and tend to characterize larger clades. Some features, including the presence of glands, are interpreted as symplesiomorphic for Lithospermum, while others, such as evident secondary leaf venation, appear to have originated repeatedly. The range of structural diversity that occurs among the species of Lithospermum suggests the potential utility of this genus as a model for integrative studies of evolution, development, and molecular biology. Ó The Willi Hennig Society 2011. Lithospermum L., a genus in the family Boraginaceae, the other New World members of Lithospermeae, previ- comprises ca. 60 species, with a centre of diversity in ously placed in Lasiarrhenum I.M.
    [Show full text]
  • In Vitro Studies of Α-Glucosidase Inhibitors and Antiradical
    Food Chemistry 136 (2013) 1390–1398 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Food Chemistry journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/foodchem In vitro studies of a-glucosidase inhibitors and antiradical constituents of Glandora diffusa (Lag.) D.C. Thomas infusion ⇑ Federico Ferreres a, , Juliana Vinholes b, Angel Gil-Izquierdo a, Patrícia Valentão b, ⇑ Rui F. Gonçalves b, Paula B. Andrade b, a Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS (CSIC), P.O. Box 164, 30100 Campus University Espinardo, Murcia, Spain b REQUIMTE/Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n.° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal article info abstract Article history: Glandora diffusa (Lag.) D.C. Thomas (Boraginaceae) is a species traditionally consumed as an infusion. The Received 25 June 2012 phenolic profile of its aqueous extract was assessed by HPLC–DAD–ESI/MSn. Twenty-seven compounds Received in revised form 12 August 2012 were identified, comprising caffeic and p-coumaric acids, seventeen polymers of caffeic acid and eight Accepted 24 September 2012 3-O-glycosylated flavonols. Caffeic, rosmarinic, and salvianolic acids were the most representative com- Available online 5 October 2012 pounds, accounting for more than 75% of the phenolic fraction. The potential of G. diffusa aqueous extract to act as radical scavenger was assessed against DPPHÅ, superoxide and nitric oxide. A dose-dependent Keywords: response was observed against all reactive species. Moreover, the extract showed promising results as Glandora diffusa (Lag.) D.C. Thomas inhibitor of -glucosidase, being almost 9 times more effective than acarbose.
    [Show full text]
  • Crete in Spring 2018 Lead by Fiona Dunbar a Greentours Trip Report
    Crete in Spring 2018 Lead by Fiona Dunbar A Greentours Trip Report Friday 6th April Arrival After an early start at Gatwick, we arrived in Crete only a little late. Ian Hislop was on our flight, presumably on his way out to stay with his wife, author of such Cretan Aga sagas as ‘The Island’. Driving along, the countryside was markedly lush and green compared to some years. The Robinia pseudoacacia was dripping in white blossom, the Judas trees with pink. There were acres of yellow, and yellow and white, Chrysanthemum coronarium. We enjoyed a welcome but late lunch at a taverna in the village of Armeni instead. The saganaki or fried cheese was made with the cooks’ own freshly prepared, mild goats cheese. The garden centre next door was quite a pull, too! As we gained altitude we looked out over hills covered with fig, gorse, Quercus pubescens, Asphodeline aestivus and almost fluorescing lime green Giant Fennel, in between the groves of olives and small fields. Having been greeted by Herakles in Spili with glasses of cold water and quince in honey, we settled into our rooms. Some walked down the track below. There was a fine stand of tall purple broomrapes on the nasturtiums in Heracles garden. We reconvened in the breakfast room and strolled over the road to Costas and Maria’s taverna, almost hidden by trailing vines and flowers. Most of us tried the rabbit in lemon sauce – tender and tasty. It was Good Friday, and as I headed to bed I could hear a Scops Owl calling.
    [Show full text]
  • Lilioceris Egena Air Potato Biocontrol Environmental Assessment
    United States Department of Field Release of the Beetle Agriculture Lilioceris egena (Coleoptera: Marketing and Regulatory Chrysomelidae) for Classical Programs Biological Control of Air Potato, Dioscorea bulbifera (Dioscoreaceae), in the Continental United States Environmental Assessment, February 2021 Field Release of the Beetle Lilioceris egena (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) for Classical Biological Control of Air Potato, Dioscorea bulbifera (Dioscoreaceae), in the Continental United States Environmental Assessment, February 2021 Agency Contact: Colin D. Stewart, Assistant Director Pests, Pathogens, and Biocontrol Permits Plant Protection and Quarantine Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service U.S. Department of Agriculture 4700 River Rd., Unit 133 Riverdale, MD 20737 Non-Discrimination Policy The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination against its customers, employees, and applicants for employment on the bases of race, color, national origin, age, disability, sex, gender identity, religion, reprisal, and where applicable, political beliefs, marital status, familial or parental status, sexual orientation, or all or part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program, or protected genetic information in employment or in any program or activity conducted or funded by the Department. (Not all prohibited bases will apply to all programs and/or employment activities.) To File an Employment Complaint If you wish to file an employment complaint, you must contact your agency's EEO Counselor (PDF) within 45 days of the date of the alleged discriminatory act, event, or in the case of a personnel action. Additional information can be found online at http://www.ascr.usda.gov/complaint_filing_file.html. To File a Program Complaint If you wish to file a Civil Rights program complaint of discrimination, complete the USDA Program Discrimination Complaint Form (PDF), found online at http://www.ascr.usda.gov/complaint_filing_cust.html, or at any USDA office, or call (866) 632-9992 to request the form.
    [Show full text]
  • PLANT SCIENCE Bulletin SUMMER 2015 Volume 61 Number 2
    PLANT SCIENCE Bulletin SUMMER 2015 Volume 61 Number 2 1st place triarch botanical images student travel awards Jennifer dixon, iowa state university Flowers from eragrostis cilianensis (stinkgrass) In This Issue.............. Post-doc unionization at the Naomi Volain honored as a Award winners announced for University of California... p. 40 top 10 nominee for the Global Botany 2015.... p. 30 Teacher Prize.... p. 58 From the Editor PLANT SCIENCE As the Summer 2015 Plant Science Bulletin goes to press, many of us are transitioning from the spring BULLETIN semester into the summer. I find this an especially Editorial Committee bittersweet time of year as I wrap up classes and say goodbye to Creighton’s graduating seniors. It is a time Volume 61 to reflect on the past academic year, celebrate achieve- ments, and eat University-catered petit fours. Carolyn M. Wetzel Fortunately, this time of year also means honoring (2015) members of the Botanical Society with well-earned Biology Department awards. In this issue, we are proud to announce the Division of Health and winners of the Kaplan Memorial Lecture and Public Natural Sciences Policy Awards. We also present the winners of sev- Holyoke Community College eral student awards, including the Karling and BSA 303 Homestead Ave Graduate Student Research, Undergraduate Stu- Holyoke, MA 01040 dent Research, Cheadle Travel, and Young Botanist [email protected] Awards. You can find the winning Triarch images on pages 33-34 and I encourage you to view all the Tri- arch submissions at http://botany.org/PlantImages/ ConantSTA2015.php. Lindsey K. Tuominen Congratulations to all of these commendable (2016) botanists! The Society will be considering many ad- Warnell School of Forestry & ditional awards over the next few months and we will Natural Resources profile more winners in the Fall issue.
    [Show full text]
  • La Familia Linaceae En México: Estado Actual Y Perspectivas
    Botanical Sciences 98(3): 560-572. 2020 Recibido: 26 de diciembre de 2019, Aceptado: 12 de abril de 2020 DOI: 10.17129/botsci.2550 Primero en línea: 24 de julio de 2020 Sistemática / Systematics LA FAMILIA LINACEAE EN MÉXICO: ESTADO ACTUAL Y PERSPECTIVAS THE LINACEAE FAMILY IN MEXICO: CURRENT STATUS AND PERSPECTIVES ID PAHOLA JUDITH BARRERA-ROBLES1, ID MIREYA BURGOS-HERNÁNDEZ2*, ID ALMA DELIA RUÍZ-ACEVEDO2, ID GONZALO CASTILLO-CAMPOS3 1Departamento de Agroecología, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, México. 2Programa de Posgrado en Botánica, Colegio de Postgraduados, México. 3Red de Biodiversidad y Sistemática, Instituto de Ecología AC. Veracruz, México. *Autor para la correspondencia: [email protected] Resumen Antecedentes: Linaceae ha sido reconocida a nivel mundial por su miembro agrícola, el lino, no obstante, existen más de 200 especies poco exploradas que representan un recurso agroeconómico con gran potencial. Preguntas: ¿Cuál es la riqueza taxonómica y distribución de Linaceae en México? ¿Cuál es el medio ecológico y cultural en el que se desarrolla? Especies de estudio: Linaceae Sitio/años de estudio: México, 1932-2019 Métodos: Se generó una base de datos a partir de la revisión en herbarios, medios digitales y literatura. Con la información recabada, así como el uso y diseño de mapas, se evaluaron los patrones de riqueza, distribución y endemismos, así como el medio ecológico y cultural de las especies. Resultados: Linaceae está representada en México por 27 especies nativas, 13 de ellas endémicas. Las entidades con más especies fueron Nuevo León (14), Tamaulipas (13), Coahuila y Puebla (12). Los matorrales xerófilos y bosques templados, junto con la provincia Sierra Madre Oriental, registraron la mayor riqueza.
    [Show full text]
  • Kenneth J. Wurdack 2,4 and Charles C. Davis
    American Journal of Botany 96(8): 1551–1570. 2009. M ALPIGHIALES PHYLOGENETICS: GAINING GROUND ON ONE OF THE MOST RECALCITRANT CLADES IN THE ANGIOSPERM TREE OF LIFE 1 Kenneth J. Wurdack 2,4 and Charles C. Davis3,4 2 Department of Botany, Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012 NMNH MRC-166, Washington, District of Columbia 20013-7012 USA; and 3 Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University Herbaria, 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 USA The eudicot order Malpighiales contains ~16 000 species and is the most poorly resolved large rosid clade. To clarify phyloge- netic relationships in the order, we used maximum likelihood, Bayesian, and parsimony analyses of DNA sequence data from 13 gene regions, totaling 15 604 bp, and representing all three genomic compartments (i.e., plastid: atpB , matK , ndhF, and rbcL ; mitochondrial: ccmB , cob , matR , nad1B-C , nad6, and rps3; and nuclear: 18S rDNA, PHYC, and newly developed low-copy EMB2765 ). Our sampling of 190 taxa includes representatives from all families of Malpighiales. These data provide greatly in- creased support for the recent additions of Aneulophus , Bhesa , Centroplacus , Ploiarium , and Raffl esiaceae to Malpighiales; sister relations of Phyllanthaceae + Picrodendraceae, monophyly of Hypericaceae, and polyphyly of Clusiaceae. Oxalidales + Huaceae, followed by Celastrales are successive sisters to Malpighiales. Parasitic Raffl esiaceae, which produce the world’ s largest fl owers, are confi rmed as embedded within a paraphyletic Euphorbiaceae. Novel fi ndings show a well-supported placement of Ctenolopho- naceae with Erythroxylaceae + Rhizophoraceae, sister-group relationships of Bhesa + Centroplacus , and the exclusion of Medu- sandra from Malpighiales. New taxonomic circumscriptions include the addition of Bhesa to Centroplacaceae, Medusandra to Peridiscaceae (Saxifragales), Calophyllaceae applied to Clusiaceae subfamily Kielmeyeroideae, Peraceae applied to Euphorbi- aceae subfamily Peroideae, and Huaceae included in Oxalidales.
    [Show full text]
  • Shared Flora of the Alta and Baja California Pacific Islands
    Monographs of the Western North American Naturalist Volume 7 8th California Islands Symposium Article 12 9-25-2014 Island specialists: shared flora of the Alta and Baja California Pacific slI ands Sarah E. Ratay University of California, Los Angeles, [email protected] Sula E. Vanderplank Botanical Research Institute of Texas, 1700 University Dr., Fort Worth, TX, [email protected] Benjamin T. Wilder University of California, Riverside, CA, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/mwnan Recommended Citation Ratay, Sarah E.; Vanderplank, Sula E.; and Wilder, Benjamin T. (2014) "Island specialists: shared flora of the Alta and Baja California Pacific slI ands," Monographs of the Western North American Naturalist: Vol. 7 , Article 12. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/mwnan/vol7/iss1/12 This Monograph is brought to you for free and open access by the Western North American Naturalist Publications at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Monographs of the Western North American Naturalist by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Monographs of the Western North American Naturalist 7, © 2014, pp. 161–220 ISLAND SPECIALISTS: SHARED FLORA OF THE ALTA AND BAJA CALIFORNIA PACIFIC ISLANDS Sarah E. Ratay1, Sula E. Vanderplank2, and Benjamin T. Wilder3 ABSTRACT.—The floristic connection between the mediterranean region of Baja California and the Pacific islands of Alta and Baja California provides insight into the history and origin of the California Floristic Province. We present updated species lists for all California Floristic Province islands and demonstrate the disjunct distributions of 26 taxa between the Baja California and the California Channel Islands.
    [Show full text]
  • The Genus Linum Edited by Alister D. Muir and Neil D. Westcott
    TGLA01 15/04/2003 2:34 PM Page iii Flax The genus Linum Edited by Alister D. Muir and Neil D. Westcott Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada Copyright © 2003 Taylor & Francis TGLA01 15/04/2003 2:34 PM Page iv First published 2003 by Taylor & Francis 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Taylor & Francis Inc, 29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001 Taylor & Francis is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group © 2003 Taylor & Francis Ltd Typeset in 11/12pt Garamond by Graphicraft Limited, Hong Kong Printed and bound in Great Britain by TJ International Ltd, Padstow, Cornwall All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Every effort has been made to ensure that the advice and information in this book is true and accurate at the time of going to press. However, neither the publisher nor the authors can accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. In the case of drug administration, any medical procedure or the use of technical equipment mentioned within this book, you are strongly advised to consult the manufacturer’s guidelines. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Flax : the genus linum / edited by Alister D.
    [Show full text]
  • Pala Earctic G Rassland S
    Issue 46 (July 2020) ISSN 2627-9827 - DOI 10.21570/EDGG.PG.46 Journal of the Eurasian Dry Grassland Group Dry Grassland of the Eurasian Journal PALAEARCTIC GRASSLANDS PALAEARCTIC 2 Palaearctic Grasslands 46 ( J u ly 20 2 0) Table of Contents Palaearctic Grasslands ISSN 2627-9827 DOI 10.21570/EDGG.PG46 Palaearctic Grasslands, formerly published under the names Bulletin of the European Editorial 3 Dry Grassland Group (Issues 1-26) and Bulletin of the Eurasian Dry Grassland Group (Issues 27-36) is the journal of the Eurasian Dry Grassland Group (EDGG). It usually appears in four issues per year. Palaearctic Grasslands publishes news and announce- ments of EDGG, its projects, related organisations and its members. At the same time it serves as outlet for scientific articles and photo contributions. News 4 Palaearctic Grasslands is sent to all EDGG members and, together with all previous issues, it is also freely available at http://edgg.org/publications/bulletin. All content (text, photos, figures) in Palaearctic Grasslands is open access and available under the Creative Commons license CC-BY-SA 4.0 that allow to re-use it provided EDGG Publications 8 proper attribution is made to the originators ("BY") and the new item is licensed in the same way ("SA" = "share alike"). Scientific articles (Research Articles, Reviews, Forum Articles, Scientific Reports) should be submitted to Jürgen Dengler ([email protected]), following the Au- Aleksanyan et al.: Biodiversity of 12 thor Guidelines updated in Palaearctic Grasslands 45: 4. They are subject to editorial dry grasslands in Armenia: First review, with one member of the Editorial Board serving as Scientific Editor and deciding results from the 13th EDGG Field about acceptance, necessary revisions or rejection.
    [Show full text]