DOCSLIB.ORG

Shifting Policy Postures of Indonesia and Thailand: Responding to the China Challenge

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Shifting Policy Postures of Indonesia and Thailand: Responding to the China Challenge View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Calhoun, Institutional Archive of the Naval Postgraduate School Calhoun: The NPS Institutional Archive Theses and Dissertations Thesis Collection 2015-09 Shifting policy postures of Indonesia and Thailand: responding to the China challenge Wong, Anthony M. Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School http://hdl.handle.net/10945/47348 NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA THESIS SHIFTING POLICY POSTURES OF INDONESIA AND THAILAND: RESPONDING TO THE CHINA CHALLENGE by Anthony M. Wong September 2015 Thesis Advisor: Michael S. Malley Second Reader: Michael A. Glosny Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704–0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instruction, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188) Washington, DC 20503. 1. AGENCY USE ONLY 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED (Leave blank) September 2015 Master’s thesis 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5. FUNDING NUMBERS SHIFTING POLICY POSTURES OF INDONESIA AND THAILAND: RESPONDING TO THE CHINA CHALLENGE 6. AUTHOR(S) Wong, Anthony M. 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING Naval Postgraduate School ORGANIZATION REPORT Monterey, CA 93943-5000 NUMBER 9. SPONSORING /MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND 10. SPONSORING / ADDRESS(ES) MONITORING AGENCY N/A REPORT NUMBER 11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES The views expressed in this thesis are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense or the U.S. Government. IRB Protocol number ____N/A____. 12a. DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT 12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited 13. ABSTRACT (maximum 200 words) China’s rise and the strategic uncertainty about its future intentions have compelled countries in Southeast Asia, such as Indonesia and Thailand, to adopt hedging strategies to deal with China’s rise. Since 2012, with China’s foreign policy shifting toward a more proactive and assertive policy posture, Indonesia and Thailand have exhibited divergent hedging responses: Indonesia has shifted toward the balancing end of the hedging spectrum while Thailand has shifted toward the bandwagoning end. This thesis seeks to analyze Indonesia’s and Thailand’s hedging responses and the key factors that explain their different hedging preferences. This thesis contends that Indonesia’s and Thailand’s hedging strategies have shifted in response to a change in their ruling elites’ perception of benefits from an improved relationship with China, vis-à-vis their perception of China as a security threat. In both countries, domestic factors have also exerted an intervening effect on policy outcomes to different extents. Indonesia’s hedging strategy reflects the compromise between enhancing Indonesia’s future security, addressing nationalistic concerns of defending Indonesia’s sovereignty, and gaining economic benefits. On the other hand, Thailand’s ruling elites have sought to politically and economically benefit from China’s rise in order to bolster their political legitimacy at home. 14. SUBJECT TERMS 15. NUMBER OF China, Indonesia, Thailand, Southeast Asia, hedging, China foreign policy PAGES 137 16. PRICE CODE 17. SECURITY 18. SECURITY 19. SECURITY 20. LIMITATION CLASSIFICATION OF CLASSIFICATION OF THIS CLASSIFICATION OF ABSTRACT REPORT PAGE OF ABSTRACT Unclassified Unclassified Unclassified UU NSN 7540–01-280-5500 Standard Form 298 (Rev. 2–89) Prescribed by ANSI Std. 239–18 i THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK ii Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited SHIFTING POLICY POSTURES OF INDONESIA AND THAILAND: RESPONDING TO THE CHINA CHALLENGE Anthony M. Wong Lieutenant Colonel, Republic of Singapore Air Force B.S., University of New South Wales, 1999 Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS IN SECURITY STUDIES (FAR EAST, SOUTHEAST ASIA, AND THE PACIFIC) from the NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL September 2015 Approved by: Michael S. Malley Thesis Advisor Michael A. Glosny Second Reader Mohammed Hafez Chair, Department of National Security Affairs iii THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK iv ABSTRACT China’s rise and the strategic uncertainty about its future intentions have compelled countries in Southeast Asia, such as Indonesia and Thailand, to adopt hedging strategies to deal with China’s rise. Since 2012, with China’s foreign policy shifting toward a more proactive and assertive policy posture, Indonesia and Thailand have exhibited divergent hedging responses: Indonesia has shifted toward the balancing end of the hedging spectrum while Thailand has shifted toward the bandwagoning end. This thesis seeks to analyze Indonesia’s and Thailand’s hedging responses and the key factors that explain their different hedging preferences. This thesis contends that Indonesia’s and Thailand’s hedging strategies have shifted in response to a change in their ruling elites’ perception of benefits from an improved relationship with China, vis- à-vis their perception of China as a security threat. In both countries, domestic factors have also exerted an intervening effect on policy outcomes to different extents. Indonesia’s hedging strategy reflects the compromise between enhancing Indonesia’s future security, addressing nationalistic concerns of defending Indonesia’s sovereignty, and gaining economic benefits. On the other hand, Thailand’s ruling elites have sought to politically and economically benefit from China’s rise in order to bolster their political legitimacy at home. v THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK vi TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................1 A. MAJOR RESEARCH QUESTION..........................................................2 B. IMPORTANCE ..........................................................................................2 C. LITERATURE REVIEW .........................................................................3 1. Strategies of States: Balancing, Bandwagoning, and Engagement ....................................................................................3 a. Balancing ............................................................................3 b. Bandwagoning ....................................................................5 c. Engagement .........................................................................6 2. Strategies of States: Hedging ........................................................7 a. Defining the Hedging Strategy: A Conceptual Framework ..........................................................................8 b. Conditions and Variables that Influence the Hedging Strategy ...............................................................11 D. HYPOTHESES ........................................................................................12 E. RESEARCH METHODS AND SOURCES ..........................................13 F. THESIS OVERVIEW .............................................................................14 II. CHINA’S FOREIGN POLICY SHIFTS ...........................................................17 A. HU’S FOREIGN POLICY: CONCEPT OF PEACEFUL DEVELOPMENT ....................................................................................18 B. XI’S FOREIGN POLICY APPROACH: CONTINUITY AND CHANGE ..................................................................................................27 1. Continuity: Adherence to the Path of Peaceful Development .................................................................................27 2. Change: A Proactive and Assertive Approach ..........................28 C. CHINA’S POLICY SHIFTS: IMPLICATIONS FOR SOUTHEAST ASIA’S POLICY RESPONSE ......................................35 D. CONCLUSION ........................................................................................37 III. INDONESIA’S CHINA POLICY ......................................................................39 A. 1965–2000: INDONESIA-CHINA HISTORICAL RELATIONS .......40 B. 2001–2011: INDONESIA’S POLICY AND RELATIONS WITH CHINA ......................................................................................................44 1. Evolving Strategic Considerations in Indonesia’s China Policy .............................................................................................44 2. Implementing the Hedging Strategy ..........................................46 vii a. Economic Pragmatism Policy: Economic Benefits and Competition ................................................................46 b. Strategic Engagement: Maximizing Benefits ..................49 c. Soft Balancing Policy: Mitigating the Potential Risks of a China Threat ....................................................52 C. 2012–2015: INDONESIA’S POLICY AND RELATIONS WITH CHINA ......................................................................................................55
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Assessing the Training and Operational Proficiency of China's
    C O R P O R A T I O N Assessing the Training and Operational Proficiency of China’s Aerospace Forces Selections from the Inaugural Conference of the China Aerospace Studies Institute (CASI) Edmund J. Burke, Astrid Stuth Cevallos, Mark R. Cozad, Timothy R. Heath For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/CF340 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available for this publication. ISBN: 978-0-8330-9549-7 Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif. © Copyright 2016 RAND Corporation R® is a registered trademark. Limited Print and Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions. The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. Support RAND Make a tax-deductible charitable contribution at www.rand.org/giving/contribute www.rand.org Preface On June 22, 2015, the China Aerospace Studies Institute (CASI), in conjunction with Headquarters, Air Force, held a day-long conference in Arlington, Virginia, titled “Assessing Chinese Aerospace Training and Operational Competence.” The purpose of the conference was to share the results of nine months of research and analysis by RAND researchers and to expose their work to critical review by experts and operators knowledgeable about U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction This Statement Is Submitted to the U.S.-China
    USCC Hearing China’s Military Transition February 7, 2013 Roy Kamphausen Senior Advisor, The National Bureau of Asian Research Introduction This statement is submitted to the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission to address issues related to the transition to the new top military leadership in China. The statement addresses the composition of the new Central Military Commission, important factors in the selection of the leaders, and highlights salient elements in the backgrounds of specific leaders. The statement also addresses important factors of civil-military relations, including the relationship of the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) to China’s top political leadership, potential reform of the military-region structure of the PLA, and the likely competition for budget resources. Composition of the China’s New Central Military Commission As expected, new Chinese Communist Party general secretary Xi Jinping was appointed in November 2012 as the Central Military Commission (CMC) chairman. Additionally, army general Fan Changlong and air force general Xu Qiliang were promoted to positions as vice chairmen of the CMC—Fan from Jinan Military Region commander and Xu from PLA Air Force commander. Other members of the new CMC include General Chang Wanquan, who will become the next Minister of National Defense when that position is confirmed in early spring 2013; General Fang Fenghui, chief of the General Staff Department (GSD), who previously had been Beijing Military Region commander since 2007; General Zhang Yang, director of
    [Show full text]
  • Rearranging the Deck Chairs on the Liaoning? the PLA Once Again Considers Reorganization
    Rearranging the Deck Chairs on the Liaoning? The PLA Once Again Considers Reorganization James Mulvenon Since the first sweeping structural reform of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army in 1985, the military media have periodically floated trial balloons about deeper restructuring but the political realities of the situation have consistently stymied the proposed changes. In early 2014, the Japanese newspaper Yomiuri Shimbun reported that the PLA was planning to make the most significant modifications to its command and control structure in almost 30 years, replacing its administrative, geographically oriented military region system with a mission-oriented configuration designed to match the increasing “joint” orientation of its deployed forces. To the surprise of many, official Chinese media organs did not reject the report out of hand, but instead expressed dismay that the information had been disseminated prematurely, and grudgingly acknowledged plans to carry out the changes. This article describes the historical rationale for the current command and control structure of the PLA, analyzes the factors motivating its alteration, and assesses the implications of these latest indications of reform. Introduction Since the first sweeping structural reform of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army in 1985, the military media have periodically floated trial balloons about deeper restructuring but the political realities of the situation have consistently stymied the proposed changes. In early 2014, the Japanese newspaper Yomiuri Shimbun reported that the PLA was planning to make the most significant modifications to its command and control structure in almost 30 years, replacing its administrative, geographically oriented military region system with a mission-oriented configuration designed to match the increasing “joint” orientation of its deployed forces.
    [Show full text]
  • What We Can Learn About China from Research Into Sina Weibo
    CHINESE SOCIAL MEDIA AS LABORATORY: WHAT WE CAN LEARN ABOUT CHINA FROM RESEARCH INTO SINA WEIBO by Jason Q. Ng English Literature, A.B., Brown University, 2006 Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts of East Asian Studies University of Pittsburgh 2013 fcomfort UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH THE DIETRICH SCHOOL OF ARTS AND SCIENCES This thesis was presented by Jason Q. Ng It was defended on April 9, 2013 and approved by Pierre F. Landry, Associate Professor, Political Science Ronald J. Zboray, Professor, Communication Mary Saracino Zboray, Visiting Scholar, Communication Thesis Director: Katherine Carlitz, Assistant Director, Asian Studies Center ii Copyright © by Jason Q. Ng 2013 iii CHINESE SOCIAL MEDIA AS LABORATORY: WHAT WE CAN LEARN ABOUT CHINA FROM RESEARCH INTO SINA WEIBO Jason Q. Ng, M.A. University of Pittsburgh, 2013 Like all nations, China has been profoundly affected by the emergence of the Internet, particularly new forms of social media—that is, media that relies less on mainstream sources to broadcast news and instead relies directly on individuals themselves to share information. I use mixed methods to examine how three different but intertwined groups—companies, the government, and Chinese Internet users themselves (so-called “netizens”)—have confronted social media in China. In chapter one, I outline how and why China’s most important social media company, Sina Weibo, censors its website. In addition, I describe my research into blocked search terms on Sina Weibo, and explain why particular keywords are sensitive.
    [Show full text]
  • U.S.-China Military Contacts: Issues for Congress
    U.S.-China Military Contacts: Issues for Congress Shirley A. Kan Specialist in Asian Security Affairs October 27, 2014 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RL32496 U.S.-China Military Contacts: Issues for Congress Summary This CRS Report, updated through the 113th Congress, discusses policy issues regarding military- to-military (mil-to-mil) contacts with the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and records major contacts and crises since 1993. The United States suspended military contacts with China and imposed sanctions on arms sales in response to the Tiananmen Crackdown in 1989. In 1993, President Clinton reengaged with the top PRC leadership, including China’s military, the People’s Liberation Army (PLA). Renewed military exchanges with the PLA have not regained the closeness reached in the 1980s, when U.S.-PRC strategic alignment against the Soviet Union included U.S. arms sales to China. Improvements and deteriorations in overall bilateral engagement have affected military contacts, which were close in 1997-1998 and 2000, but marred by the 1995-1996 Taiwan Strait crisis, mistaken NATO bombing of a PRC embassy in 1999, the EP-3 aircraft collision crisis in 2001, and the PLA’s aggressive maritime and air confrontations. Issues for Congress include whether the Administration complies with legislation overseeing dealings with the PLA and pursues contacts with the PLA that advance a prioritized set of U.S. security interests, especially the operational safety of U.S. military personnel. Oversight legislation includes the Foreign Relations Authorization Act for FY1990-FY1991 (P.L. 101-246) and National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) for FY2000 (P.L.
    [Show full text]
  • Federal Register/Vol. 81, No. 197/Wednesday, October 12, 2016
    70490 Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 197 / Wednesday, October 12, 2016 / Notices DEPARTMENT OF STATE compilation includes reports of both are being reported in 2015 as the Office tangible gifts and gifts of travel or travel of the Chief of Protocol, Department of [Public Notice: 9749] expenses of more than minimal value, State, did not receive the relevant as defined by the statute. Also included information to include them in earlier Office of the Chief of Protocol; Gifts to are gifts received in previous years reports. Federal Employees From Foreign including one gift in 1997, one gift in Publication of this listing in the Government Sources Reported to 2001, one gift in 2002, one gift in 2003, Federal Register is required by Section Employing Agencies in Calendar Year one gift in 2004, five gifts in 2006, thirty 7342(f) of Title 5, United States Code, as 2015 gifts in 2007, twenty-two gifts in 2008, added by Section 515(a)(1) of the The Department of State submits the sixty-one gifts in 2009, twenty-seven Foreign Relations Authorization Act, following comprehensive listing of the gifts in 2010, twenty-one gifts in 2011, Fiscal Year 1978 (Pub. L. 95–105, statements which, as required by law, forty-six gifts in 2012, twenty-five gifts August 17, 1977, 91 Stat. 865). federal employees filed with their in 2013, fifty gifts in 2014, and twelve Dated: September 22, 2016. employing agencies during calendar gifts with unknown dates. With the Patrick F. Kennedy, year 2015 concerning gifts received from exception of the gifts reported by the Under Secretary for Management, U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • The Joint Operation Structure of the Chinese People's Liberation Army with Focus on the Reorganization of the Chain of Command
    The Joint Operation Structure of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army with Focus on the Reorganization of the Chain of Command and Control under the Xi Jinping Administration* Yasuyuki Sugiura** Abstract In November 2013, at the Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Xi Jinping, Chairman of the Central Military Commission, announced the implementation of national defense and military reform. Drawing special attention among the series of reforms was the question of what kind of organizational reform China would be doing to strengthen the joint operation structure. The Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) reforms, announced in waves between the autumn of 2015 and February 2016, exceeded the expectations of many observers by beginning with the abolition of the four general departments structure and the seven military regions system. This change has been called the “greatest reform since the birth of the nation,” with some even calling it the Chinese version of the Goldwater–Nichols Act. The main interest of this study lies in revealing the present situations of the joint operation structure of the PLA with a focus on the reorganization of the chain of command and control through the series of reforms. Specifically, the main purpose of this study is to shed light on the following points: 1) Overview: How did the reform unfold, and what changed? 2) The features and the aims: What are the features of the reform, and what are the aims? 3) Political background: Why did they launch the reform, and
    [Show full text]
  • Civil-Military Change in China: Elites, Institutes, and Ideas After the 16Th Party Congress
    CIVIL-MILITARY CHANGE IN CHINA: ELITES, INSTITUTES, AND IDEAS AFTER THE 16TH PARTY CONGRESS Edited by Andrew Scobell Larry Wortzel September 2004 Visit our website for other free publication downloads Strategic Studies Institute Home To rate this publication click here. ***** The views expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Army, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. This report is cleared for public release; distribution is unlimited. ***** Comments pertaining to this report are invited and should be forwarded to: Director, Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College, 122 Forbes Ave, Carlisle, PA 17013-5244. Copies of this report may be obtained from the Publications Office by calling (717) 245-4133, FAX (717) 245-3820, or by e-mail at [email protected] ***** All Strategic Studies Institute (SSI) monographs are available on the SSI Homepage for electronic dissemination. SSI’s Homepage address is: http:// www.carlisle.army.mil/ssi/ ***** The Strategic Studies Institute publishes a monthly e-mail newsletter to update the national security community on the research of our analysts, recent and forthcoming publications, and upcoming conferences sponsored by the Institute. Each newsletter also provides a strategic commentary by one of our research analysts. If you are interested in receiving this newsletter, please let us know by e-mail at [email protected] or by calling (717) 245-3133. ISBN 1-58487-165-2 ii CONTENTS Foreword Ambassador James R. Lilley ............................................................................ v 1. Introduction Andrew Scobell and Larry Wortzel ................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The CULTURE of the CHINESE PEOPLE's LIBERATION ARMY
    The FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Marine Corps Intelligence Activity CULTURE 2033 Barnett Avenue Quantico, Virginia 22134-5011 COM: (703) 784-6167; DSN: 278-6167 Please direct feedback to: [email protected] of the The CHINESE CULTURE of the CHINESE PEOPLE’S PEOPLE’S LIBERATION PEOPLE’S LIBERATION LIBERATION ARMY ARMY FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Cover photo credits (left to right, top to bottom): 1. PLA Air Force soldiers shout slogans during a welcoming ceremony for Laos' Prime Minister Bouphavanh in Beijing, 2007. Reuters: Jason Lee 2. PLA Marine competes in an obstacle course in Zhanjiang, 2006. United States Marine Corps 3. PLA recruits stand still as they balance books on their heads during training session at military base in Hefei, 2008. Reuters: Jianan Yu 4. PLA Marines in Zhanjiang, 2006. United States Marine Corps 5. PLA Marine Honor Guard, Zhanjiang, 2006. Lt. Col. Marcus Annibale, USMC 6. Chinese and American Marines participate in a rifle competition in Zhanjiang, 2006. United States Marine Corps 7. Chinese and American Marines compete in an obstacle course in Zhanjiang, 2006. United States Marine Corps 8. Officers from the PLA Navy, ground forces, and Air Force salute in the latest upgrade uniform, Beijing, 2007. Reuters/China Daily 9. PLA Marine competes in an obstacle course in Zhanjiang, 2006. United States Marine Corps 10. PLA Marines in Zhanjiang, 2006. United States Marine Corps 11. Soldiers carry an injured woman after rescuing her from the ruins of a collapsed building in Miaoxian, Sichuan Province, 2008. Reuters/China Daily 12. PLA Marine competes in an obstacle course in Zhanjiang, 2006.
    [Show full text]
  • Chairman Xi Remakes the PLA: Assessing Chinese Military Reforms
    Edited by Saunders, Ding, Chairman Xi Remakes the PLA hina’s current military reforms are unprecedented in their Scobell, Yang, and ambition and in the scale and scope of the organizational Wuthnow ASSESSING CHINESE MILITARY REFORMS Cchanges. Virtually every part of the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) now reports to different leaders, has had its mission and Chairman Xi Remakes the PLA Xi Remakes Chairman responsibilities changed, has lost or gained subordinate units, or has undergone a major internal reorganization. Drawing on papers presented at two conferences co-organized by the U.S. National Defense University, RAND, and Taiwan’s Council REFORMS MILITARY CHINESE ASSESSING of Advanced Policy Studies, this edited volume brings together some of the world’s best experts on the Chinese military to analyze the various dimensions of the reforms in detail and assess their implications for the PLA’s ability to conduct joint operations, for the Chinese Communist Party’s control of the army, and for civil-military integration. The contributors review the drivers and strategic context under- pinning the reform effort, explore the various dimensions of PLA efforts to build a force capable of conducting joint operations, con- sider the implications for the PLA services, and examine Xi Jinping’s role in driving the reforms through and using them to strengthen control over the military. The chapters chronicle successes and outstanding problems in the reform effort, and consider what the net effect will be as the PLA strives to become a “world- class” military by mid-century, if not much sooner. Edited by Phillip C.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report to Congress: Military and Security Developments Involving the People’S Republic of China
    OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE Annual Report to Congress: Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China 2016 Office of the Secretary of Defense Preparation of this report cost the Department of Defense a total of approximately $95,000 in Fiscal Years 2015-2016. This includes $3,000 in expenses and $92,000 in DoD labor. Generated on 2016 April 26 RefID: 117FA69 OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE Annual Report to Congress: Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE Annual Report to Congress: Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China Annual Report to Congress: Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China 2016 A Report to Congress Pursuant to the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2000 Section 1246, “Annual Report on Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China,” of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2010, Public Law 111-84, which amends the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2000, Section 1202, Public Law 106-65, provides that the Secretary of Defense shall submit a report “in both classified and unclassified form, on military and security developments involving the People’s Republic of China. The report shall address the current and probable future course of military-technological development of the People’s Liberation Army and the tenets and probable development of Chinese security strategy and military strategy, and of the military organizations and operational concepts supporting such development over the next 20 years.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Connections
    Pacific Forum CSIS Comparative Connections A Triannual E-Journal on East Asian Bilateral Relations edited by Carl Baker Brad Glosserman January – April 2015 Vol. 17, No.1 May 2015 http://csis.org/program/comparative-connections Pacific Forum CSIS Based in Honolulu, Hawaii, the Pacific Forum CSIS operates as the autonomous Asia- Pacific arm of the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington, D.C. Founded in 1975, the thrust of the Forum’s work is to help develop cooperative policies in the Asia- Pacific region through debate and analyses undertaken with the region’s leaders in the academic, government, and corporate arenas. The Forum’s programs encompass current and emerging political, security, economic/business, and oceans policy issues. It collaborates with a network of more than 30 research institutes around the Pacific Rim, drawing on Asian perspectives and disseminating its projects’ findings and recommendations to opinion leaders, governments, and publics throughout the region. An international Board of Governors guides the Pacific Forum’s work. The Forum is funded by grants from foundations, corporations, individuals, and governments, the latter providing a small percentage of the forum’s annual budget. The Forum’s studies are objective and nonpartisan and it does not engage in classified or proprietary work. Comparative Connections A Triannual E-Journal on East Asian Bilateral Relations Edited by Carl Baker and Brad Glosserman Volume 17, Number 1 January – April 2015 Honolulu, Hawaii May 2015 Comparative Connections A Triannual Electronic Journal on East Asian Bilateral Relations Bilateral relationships in East Asia have long been important to regional peace and stability, but in the post-Cold War environment, these relationships have taken on a new strategic rationale as countries pursue multiple ties, beyond those with the US, to realize complex political, economic, and security interests.
    [Show full text]