Brazil: The Pantanal, Serra das Araras, and Chapada dos Guimarães

14 – 23 October 2012

Leader: Nick Athanas Photos and report by Nick Athanas

The Harpy Eagles did not disappoint!

Tour summary with bird and mammal lists

2012 was a good year for Harpy Eagles in Brazil. Two pairs successfully nested in easily accessible spots near well known lodges. One of those nests, in the Serra das Araras, was only a few hours from the Pantanal, so easily combined with that famous wildlife destination.

This custom tour was put together with exactly those two things in mind. We spend six days in the Pantanal before heading up to see the Harpy Eagles, then wrapped up the trip in the scenic (and thankfully slightly cooler!) Chapada dos Guimarães, where we added a number of very neat birds of the scrubby cerrado habitat. We had a fun group of eight friends from Maryland and Washington DC, two of whom had never been to South America before. Maybe they got a bit spoiled with two Harpy Eagles (including an adult right next to the bus), half of the continent’s macaws, some of the best woodpeckers

Tropical Birding www.tropicalbirding.com 1 around, ridiculously easy Sunbitterns , huge numbers of waterbirds in the Pantanal, and tons of other neat birds like Red-legged Seriema , Bare-faced Curassow , White-eared Puffbird , Toco Toucan , Great Rufous Woodcreeper , Rufous-winged Antshrike , Helmeted Manakin , White-rumped Tanager , and Scarlet-headed Blackbird .

We started the trip with three nights in Pousada Piuval on the northern edge of the Pantanal. Despite being right on the edge, it’s my favorite of all the Pantanal lodges, and I also think it has the best birding due to the great variety of habitats that can easily be visited – daily bird lists of well over 100 are easily possible. We spent time walking, riding in a safari truck, and even just driving the bus over the open fields or back out onto the nearby Transpantanal Highway. Gorgeous blue Hyacinth Macaws (seen daily here) were the most memorable birds, but a few others to mention include herds of Greater Rhea (including dozens of chicks), Chestnut-bellied Guan , Whistling Heron , Plumbeous Ibis , Aplomado Falcon , Sunbittern , Red-legged Seriema , Long-tailed Ground-Dove , Nanday Parakeet , Yellow- collared Macaw (perched for a change!), Ash-colored Cuckoo , Chestnut-eared Aracari , White , Pale-crested , and Cream-colored Woodpeckers , Chotoy Spinetail , Rufous Cacholote , Great Rufous Woodcreeper , Mato Grosso Antbird , Black-backed Water-Tyrant , Dull-capped Attila , Green-backed Becard , Moustached Wren , Masked Gnatcatcher , Yellowish Pipit (doing display flights), Rusty-collared Seedeater , Red-crested Cardinal , Saffron-billed Sparrow , Scarlet-headed Blackbird , and Orange-backed Troupial . A juvenile male Dark-throated Seedeater was a nice surprise, and also my only lifer of the trip. Subtropical Doradito was also unexpected and not even in the field guide, but it turns out there have been several other recent records for the Pantanal.

Leaving Piuval, we continued south to Santa Tereza lodge for another two nights. This lodge is located on the edge of the Rio Pixaim, which snakes its way through dense gallery forest. We spent our afternoons birding the river by boat, and the mornings working the open areas and gallery forest. The low water levels and dense water hyacinth made the river trips here more difficult than normal, but they were still fun. The much-wanted Sungrebe was seen well, while handsome Black-collared Hawks and hulking Jabirus patrolled the edges of the river, sometimes looking for handouts (our boatman obliged). Loads of herons , egrets , and kingfishers were around every bend, and we had our best views of Bare-faced Ibis and Bare-faced Curassow here too. Birding the pastures and entrance road got us a few White-bellied Seedeaters and the pretty Rusty-backed Antwren , while the shady gallery forest had a different set of birds like Band-tailed Antbird , Buff-breasted Wren , Flavescent Warbler , Forest Elaenia , Stripe-necked Tody-Tyrant , Fuscous Flycatcher , and Ashy-headed Greenlet , not to mention some very friendly troops of Black-striped Capuchins. Feeders attracted a horde of ravenous birds including a pair of Toco Toucans , and a night walk even got us a Brazilian Tapir at close range as well as a Great Horned Owl .

Driving north out of the Pantanal, we reached the Serra das Araras, a low mountain range with more of an Amazonian feel to it. We spent two nights in the pleasant Currupira Lodge. It was full of ladies doing a week-long health spa getaway, but we were far more interested in the Harpy Eagle nest than doing aerobics by the pool. It didn’t take long; the local guide spotted an adult Harpy close to the bus a few minutes after heading out on the first afternoon. It flew to a more distant tree, but perched in the open face on, allowing terrific views in the scope. We did continue on to the nest, and saw the almost fully grown chick munching on what may have been bits of armadillo. Having seen the Harpy so well, we were able to concentrate on other birds for the rest of the stay. Maybe it was the hot and dry weather, but the birding was a bit tough here, with the cicadas singing much louder than the birds, even very early in the morning. There were some nice things to see, but we found it slower than expected. Here’s a list of some of the birds we saw here: Gray-headed and Rufous-thighed Kites , Dusky-headed Parakeet , Red-shouldered Macaw , Black-tailed and Green-backed Trogons , Amazonian Motmot , Brown Jacamar , Lettered Aracari , Channel-billed Toucan , Red-stained and Green-barred Woodpeckers , Lineated Woodcreeper , Amazonian Antshrike , White-backed Fire-eye , Black- throated Antbird , Bare-necked Fruitcrow , and Black-crowned and Masked Tityras .

Tropical Birding www.tropicalbirding.com 2 The scenic Chapada dos Guimarães, with its red sandstone cliffs, is at an elevation of only around 3000 ft, but it was enough to cool down the hot weather by a few degrees. We spent the last two nights in the comfy Pousada Penhasco near the edge of the escarpment. Their opulent restaurant was only open once during our stay, but we took advantage of it, not just for the great food, but also the very friendly Helmeted Manakin that is always around. The lodge also has a nice trail that goes down to some viewing platforms over the edge of the cliffs, and we did that one afternoon to enjoy the view and the birds. A big flock of Sooty Swifts was quite a surprise, as it was the first time I had seen them here, and we enjoyed a pair of Red-and-green Macaws perched then flying along the base of the cliffs. Other birds around included Green-winged Saltator , Planalto Hermit , Swallow Tanager , White-lined Tanager , and Chestnut-bellied Seed-Finch . As far as birding goes, the main reason to visit this area is the cerrado , a type of scrubby tropical savanna found over large parts of interior Brazil. Much of it has been cleared for agriculture, but there are some well preserved patches on the Chapada which can offer great birding. Blue-winged Macaw , Horned Sungem , White-vented Violetear , White-eared Puffbird , Rufous-winged Antshrike , Chapada Flycatcher , Plain-crested Elaenia , Black-faced , White-banded , and White-rumped Tanagers , Black-throated Saltator , and Plumbeous Seedeater all gave themselves up on those dusty roads in the cerrado . During hotter parts of the day, we sought shade in gallery forest, where we found a few species we hadn’t seen in the Pantanal such as White- bellied Warbler , Red-necked Woodpecker , Cocoa Thrush , Streaked Xenops , and even a Sharp- tailed Streamcreeper .

After one last morning, it sadly was time to pack up and head back to Cuiabá for our afternoon flights home. It was a great trip and I hope we can do it again sometime!

Here are a few of my photos from the trip. Bob also put some of his shots up on Flickr at this link: http://www.flickr.com/photos/joesboy/sets/72157631846307137/

A Blackcollared Hawk perches on a dock near the edge of the lake at Piuval

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A pair of Southern Screamers at the edge of little pond at Piuval

Rufousbellied Thrush is very common, the “robin” of the Pantanal

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One of a family of Thrushlike Wrens that were right next to the canopy tower at Piuval

This huge Ringed Kingfisher ruled over a little pond near the lodge at Piuval

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The Brownchested Martins around Pousada Piuval are so tame you can walk right up to them

A Rufescent TigerHeron stalks around near the lodge

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This Southern Caracara landed right next to us, obviously looking for a handout

An Aplomado Falcon prepares to take off

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A Cocoi Heron seen from one of the boat rides on the Pixaim River

Nowhere else can Sunbittern be seen so easily! We saw them over 15 on the trip

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A female Barefaced Curassow. I think they are spectacular, and they bring to mind a gargantuan antshrike

Perhaps not exactly “pretty”, the massive Jabiru is still an impressive sight and an icon of the Pantanal

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We saw an adult Harpy Eagle before we even got to the nest

and the nest was truly impressive. Harpies are up to a meter long, but the young bird look small on it

Tropical Birding www.tropicalbirding.com 10 BIRD LIST This list includes all the bird species that were recorded by at least one of the group, including the leader. Taxonomy and nomenclature follow Clements, James F. The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World. Sixth Edition, 2007, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, including all updates through August 2011.

Abbreviations: H=Heard only GO=Guide only (I)=Introduced species

RHEAS RHEIDAE Greater Rhea Rhea americana TINAMOUS TINAMIDAE Gray Tinamou Tinamus tao H Little Tinamou Crypturellus soui H Undulated Tinamou Crypturellus undulatus Small-billed Tinamou Crypturellus parvirostris H Red-winged Tinamou Rhynchotus rufescens SCREAMERS ANHIMIDAE Southern Screamer Chauna torquata DUCKS, GEESE, AND WATERFOWL ANATIDAE White-faced Whistling-Duck Dendrocygna viduata Black-bellied Whistling-Duck Dendrocygna autumnalis Muscovy Duck Cairina moschata Brazilian Teal Amazonetta brasiliensis GUANS, CHACHALACAS, CURASSOWS CRACIDAE Chaco Chachalaca Ortalis canicollis Chestnut-bellied Guan Penelope ochrogaster Blue-throated Piping-Guan Pipile cumanensis Red-throated Piping-Guan Pipile cujubi Bare-faced Curassow Crax fasciolata GREBES PODICIPEDIDAE Least Grebe Tachybaptus dominicus STORKS CICONIIDAE Jabiru Jabiru mycteria Wood Stork Mycteria americana CORMORANTS AND SHAGS PHALACROCORACIDAE Neotropic Cormorant Phalacrocorax brasilianus ANHINGAS ANHINGIDAE Anhinga Anhinga anhinga HERONS, EGRETS, AND BITTERNS ARDEIDAE Rufescent Tiger-Heron Tigrisoma lineatum Cocoi Heron Ardea cocoi Great Egret Ardea alba Snowy Egret Egretta thula Little Blue Heron Egretta caerulea Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis Striated Heron Butorides striata Whistling Heron Syrigma sibilatrix Capped Heron Pilherodius pileatus GO Black-crowned Night-Heron Nycticorax nycticorax Boat-billed Heron Cochlearius cochlearius

Tropical Birding www.tropicalbirding.com 11 IBISES AND SPOONBILLS THRESKIORNITHIDAE Green Ibis Mesembrinibis cayennensis Bare-faced Ibis Phimosus infuscatus Plumbeous Ibis Theristicus caerulescens Buff-necked Ibis Theristicus caudatus Roseate Spoonbill Platalea ajaja NEW WORLD VULTURES CATHARTIDAE Black Vulture Coragyps atratus Turkey Vulture Cathartes aura Lesser Yellow-headed Vulture Cathartes burrovianus Greater Yellow-headed Vulture Cathartes melambrotus OSPREY PANDIONIDAE Osprey Pandion haliaetus HAWKS, EAGLES, AND KITES ACCIPITRIDAE Gray-headed Kite Leptodon cayanensis Swallow-tailed Kite Elanoides forficatus Snail Kite Rostrhamus sociabilis Rufous-thighed Kite Harpagus diodon Plumbeous Kite Ictinia plumbea Black-collared Hawk Busarellus nigricollis Crane Hawk Geranospiza caerulescens Great Black-Hawk Buteogallus urubitinga Savanna Hawk Buteogallus meridionalis Roadside Hawk Buteo magnirostris Gray (Gray-lined) Hawk Buteo nitidus White-tailed Hawk Buteo albicaudatus Harpy Eagle Harpia harpyja FALCONS AND CARACARAS FALCONIDAE Southern Caracara Caracara plancus Yellow-headed Caracara Milvago chimachima H Laughing Falcon Herpetotheres cachinnans American Kestrel Falco sparverius Aplomado Falcon Falco femoralis Bat Falcon Falco rufigularis RAILS, GALLINULES, AND COOTS RALLIDAE Gray-necked Wood-Rail Aramides cajanea H Ash-throated Crake Porzana albicollis FINFOOTS HELIORNITHIDAE Sungrebe Heliornis fulica SUNBITTERN EURYPYGIDAE Sunbittern Eurypyga helias LIMPKIN ARAMIDAE Limpkin Aramus guarauna SERIEMAS CARIAMIDAE Red-legged Seriema Cariama cristata PLOVERS AND LAPWINGS CHARADRIIDAE Pied Lapwing Vanellus cayanus Southern Lapwing Vanellus chilensis JACANAS JACANIDAE Wattled Jacana Jacana jacana SANDPIPERS AND ALLIES SCOLOPACIDAE Spotted Sandpiper Actitis macularius Solitary Sandpiper Tringa solitaria

Tropical Birding www.tropicalbirding.com 12 Lesser Yellowlegs Tringa flavipes Upland Sandpiper Bartramia longicauda GULLS, TERNS, AND SKIMMERS LARIDAE Large-billed Tern Phaetusa simplex Black Skimmer Rynchops niger PIGEONS AND DOVES COLUMBIDAE Rock Pigeon Columba livia Pale-vented Pigeon Patagioenas cayennensis Scaled Pigeon Patagioenas speciosa Picazuro Pigeon Patagioenas picazuro Plumbeous Pigeon Patagioenas plumbea Eared Dove Zenaida auriculata Ruddy Ground-Dove Columbina talpacoti Scaled Dove Columbina squammata Picui Ground-Dove Columbina picui Long-tailed Ground-Dove Uropelia campestris White-tipped Dove Leptotila verreauxi Gray-fronted Dove Leptotila rufaxilla PARROTS PSITTACIDAE Nanday Parakeet Nandayus nenday Monk Parakeet Myiopsitta monachus Blue-crowned Parakeet Aratinga acuticaudata White-eyed Parakeet Aratinga leucophthalma Dusky-headed Parakeet Aratinga weddellii Peach-fronted Parakeet Aratinga aurea Hyacinth Macaw Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus Red-and-green Macaw Ara chloropterus Blue-and-yellow Macaw Ara ararauna GO Red-bellied Macaw Orthopsittaca manilata Blue-winged Macaw Primolius maracana Yellow-collared (Golden-collared) Macaw Primolius auricollis Red-shouldered Macaw Diopsittaca nobilis Yellow-chevroned Parakeet Brotogeris chiriri Blue-headed Parrot Pionus menstruus Scaly-headed Parrot Pionus maximiliani Blue-fronted Parrot Amazona aestiva Orange-winged Parrot Amazona amazonica CUCKOOS CUCULIDAE Ash-colored Cuckoo Coccycua cinerea Squirrel Cuckoo Piaya cayana Dark-billed Cuckoo Coccyzus melacoryphus Guira Cuckoo Guira guira Striped Cuckoo Tapera naevia H Pheasant Cuckoo Dromococcyx phasianellus Greater Ani Crotophaga major Smooth-billed Ani Crotophaga ani OWLS STRIGIDAE H Tropical Screech-Owl Megascops choliba Great Horned Owl Bubo virginianus Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl Glaucidium brasilianum Striped Owl Pseudoscops clamator NIGHTJARS AND ALLIES CAPRIMULGIDAE Band-tailed Nighthawk Nyctiprogne leucopyga

Tropical Birding www.tropicalbirding.com 13 Common Pauraque Nyctidromus albicollis Spot-tailed Nightjar Caprimulgus maculicaudus SWIFTS APODIDAE Sooty Swift Cypseloides fumigatus White-collared or Biscutate Swift Streptoprocne sp. HUMMINGBIRDS TROCHILIDAE Buff-bellied Hermit Phaethornis subochraceus Planalto Hermit Phaethornis pretrei White-vented Violetear Colibri serrirostris Horned Sungem Heliactin bilophus Black-throated Mango Anthracothorax nigricollis Swallow-tailed Hummingbird Eupetomena macroura Fork-tailed Woodnymph Thalurania furcata Glittering-throated Emerald Amazilia fimbriata TROGONS TROGONIDAE Black-tailed Trogon Trogon melanurus eumorphus Green-backed (White-tailed) Trogon Trogon viridis viridis Blue-crowned Trogon Trogon curucui MOTMOTS MOMOTIDAE Amazonian (Blue-crowned) Motmot Momotus momota simplex KINGFISHERS ALCEDINIDAE Ringed Kingfisher Megaceryle torquata Amazon Kingfisher Chloroceryle amazona Green Kingfisher Chloroceryle americana American Pygmy Kingfisher Chloroceryle aenea PUFFBIRDS BUCCONIDAE White-eared Puffbird Nystalus chacuru Black-fronted Nunbird Monasa nigrifrons JACAMARS GALBULIDAE Brown Jacamar Brachygalba lugubris Rufous-tailed Jacamar Galbula ruficauda TOUCANS RAMPHASTIDAE Lettered Aracari Pteroglossus inscriptus Chestnut-eared Aracari Pteroglossus castanotis Toco Toucan Ramphastos toco Channel-billed Toucan Ramphastos vitellinus culminatus WOODPECKERS PICIDAE White-wedged Piculet Picumnus albosquamatus White Woodpecker Melanerpes candidus Yellow-tufted Woodpecker Melanerpes cruentatus H Checkered Woodpecker Veniliornis mixtus Little Woodpecker Veniliornis passerinus Red-stained Woodpecker Veniliornis affinis Green-barred Woodpecker Colaptes melanochloros Campo Flicker Colaptes campestris Pale-crested Woodpecker Celeus lugubris Cream-colored Woodpecker Celeus flavus Lineated Woodpecker Dryocopus lineatus Red-necked Woodpecker Campephilus rubricollis Crimson-crested Woodpecker Campephilus melanoleucos OVENBIRDS FURNARIIDAE: FURNARIINAE Pale-legged Hornero Furnarius leucopus Rufous Hornero Furnarius rufus

Tropical Birding www.tropicalbirding.com 14 Chotoy Spinetail Schoeniophylax phryganophilus Cinereous-breasted Spinetail Synallaxis hypospodia White-lored Spinetail Synallaxis albilora Rusty-backed Spinetail Cranioleuca vulpina Yellow-chinned Spinetail Certhiaxis cinnamomeus Rufous-fronted (Common) Thornbird Phacellodomus rufifrons Greater Thornbird Phacellodomus ruber Rufous (Gray-crested) Cacholote Pseudoseisura unirufa Sharp-tailed Streamcreeper Lochmias nematura Streaked Xenops Xenops rutilans WOODCREEPERS FURNARIIDAE:DENDROCOLAPTINAE Olivaceous Woodcreeper Sittasomus griseicapillus transitivus Great Rufous Woodcreeper Xiphocolaptes major Straight-billed Woodcreeper Dendroplex picus Buff-throated Woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus guttatus Narrow-billed Woodcreeper Lepidocolaptes angustirostris Lineated Woodcreeper Lepidocolaptes albolineatus Red-billed Scythebill Campylorhamphus trochilirostris TYPICAL ANTBIRDS THAMNOPHILIDAE Great Antshrike Taraba major Barred Antshrike Thamnophilus doliatus Rufous-winged Antshrike Thamnophilus torquatus Planalto Slaty-Antshrike Thamnophilus pelzelni Amazonian Antshrike Thamnophilus amazonicus Plain Antvireo Dysithamnus mentalis Large-billed Antwren Herpsilochmus longirostris Rusty-backed Antwren Formicivora rufa Mato Grosso Antbird Cercomacra melanaria White-backed Fire-eye Pyriglena leuconota Band-tailed Antbird Hypocnemoides maculicauda Black-throated Antbird Myrmeciza atrothorax TYRANT FLYCATCHERS TYRANNIDAE Southern Beardless-Tyrannulet Camptostoma obsoletum Suiriri Flycatcher Suiriri suiriri suiriri Chapada Flycatcher Suiriri islerorum Mouse-colored Tyrannulet Phaeomyias murina Subtropical Doradito Pseudocolopteryx acutipennis Forest Elaenia Myiopagis gaimardii Greenish Elaenia Myiopagis viridicata Yellow-bellied Elaenia Elaenia flavogaster Large Elaenia Elaenia spectabilis White-crested Elaenia Elaenia albiceps Plain-crested Elaenia Elaenia cristata Sepia-capped Flycatcher Leptopogon amaurocephalus Planalto Tyrannulet Phyllomyias fasciatus H Southern Antpipit Corythopis delalandi Short-tailed Pygmy-Tyrant Myiornis ecaudatus Stripe-necked Tody-Tyrant Hemitriccus striaticollis Pearly-vented Tody-Tyrant Hemitriccus margaritaceiventer Rusty-fronted Tody-Flycatcher Poecilotriccus latirostris Common Tody-Flycatcher Todirostrum cinereum Yellow-olive Flycatcher Tolmomyias sulphurescens pallescens H Yellow-breasted (Ochre-lored) Flycatcher Tolmomyias flaviventris subsimilis

Tropical Birding www.tropicalbirding.com 15 Cliff Flycatcher Hirundinea ferruginea bellicosa Fuscous Flycatcher Cnemotriccus fuscatus Crested Black-Tyrant Knipolegus lophotes Gray Monjita Xolmis cinereus White-rumped Monjita Xolmis velatus Black-backed Water-Tyrant Fluvicola albiventer White-headed Marsh Tyrant Arundinicola leucocephala Cattle Tyrant Machetornis rixosa Dull-capped (White-eyed) Attila Attila bolivianus Rufous Casiornis Casiornis rufus Dusky-capped Flycatcher Myiarchus tuberculifer Swainson's Flycatcher Myiarchus swainsoni Short-crested Flycatcher Myiarchus ferox Brown-crested Flycatcher Myiarchus tyrannulus Lesser Kiskadee Pitangus lictor Great Kiskadee Pitangus sulphuratus Boat-billed Flycatcher Megarynchus pitangua Rusty-margined Flycatcher Myiozetetes cayanensis Streaked Flycatcher Myiodynastes maculatus Piratic Flycatcher Legatus leucophaius GO Crowned Slaty Flycatcher Empidonomus aurantioatrocristatus White-throated Kingbird Tyrannus albogularis Tropical Kingbird Tyrannus melancholicus Fork-tailed Flycatcher Tyrannus savana COTINGAS COTINGIDAE Bare-necked Fruitcrow Gymnoderus foetidus MANAKINS PIPRIDAE H Fiery-capped Manakin Machaeropterus pyrocephalus Helmeted Manakin Antilophia galeata Band-tailed Manakin Pipra fasciicauda TITYRAS AND ALLIES TITYRIDAE Black-tailed Tityra Tityra cayana Black-crowned Tityra Tityra inquisitor Masked Tityra Tityra semifasciata Green-backed Becard Pachyramphus viridis viridis White-winged Becard Pachyramphus polychopterus VIREOS VIREONIDAE Red-eyed Vireo Vireo olivaceus Ashy-headed Greenlet Hylophilus pectoralis Rufous-browed Peppershrike Cyclarhis gujanensis CROWS, JAYS, AND MAGPIES CORVIDAE Purplish Jay Cyanocorax cyanomelas GO Curl-crested Jay Cyanocorax cristatellus SWALLOWS HIRUNDINIDAE Blue-and-white Swallow Pygochelidon cyanoleuca Southern Rough-winged Swallow Stelgidopteryx ruficollis Gray-breasted Martin Progne chalybea Brown-chested Martin Progne tapera White-winged Swallow Tachycineta albiventer White-rumped Swallow Tachycineta leucorrhoa Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica WRENS TROGLODYTIDAE Thrush-like Wren Campylorhynchus turdinus

Tropical Birding www.tropicalbirding.com 16 Moustached Wren Pheugopedius genibarbis Buff-breasted Wren Cantorchilus leucotis House Wren Troglodytes aedon DONACOBIUS DONACOBIIDAE Black-capped Donacobius Donacobius atricapilla GNATCATCHERS POLIOPTILIDAE Masked Gnatcatcher Polioptila dumicola THRUSHES AND ALLIES TURDIDAE Pale-breasted Thrush Turdus leucomelas Cocoa Thrush Turdus fumigatus Rufous-bellied Thrush Turdus rufiventris MOCKINGBIRDS AND THRASHERS MIMIDAE Chalk-browed Mockingbird Mimus saturninus WAGTAILS AND PIPITS MOTACILLIDAE Yellowish Pipit Anthus lutescens NEW WORLD WARBLERS PARULIDAE Masked Yellowthroat Geothlypis aequinoctialis velata White-bellied (Golden-crowned) Warbler Basileuterus (culicivorus) hypoleucus Flavescent Warbler Basileuterus flaveolus BANANAQUIT COEREBIDAE Bananaquit Coereba flaveola TANAGERS AND ALLIES THRAUPIDAE Black-faced Tanager Schistochlamys melanopis Magpie Tanager Cissopis leverianus White-banded Tanager Neothraupis fasciata White-rumped Tanager Cypsnagra hirundinacea Chestnut-vented Conebill Conirostrum speciosum Gray-headed Tanager Eucometis penicillata White-shouldered Tanager Tachyphonus luctuosus White-lined Tanager Tachyphonus rufus Silver-beaked Tanager Ramphocelus carbo Sayaca Tanager Thraupis sayaca Palm Tanager Thraupis palmarum Burnished-buff Tanager Tangara cayana Blue Dacnis Dacnis cayana Swallow Tanager Tersina viridis Black-throated Saltator Saltator atricollis Grayish Saltator Saltator coerulescens Green-winged Saltator Saltator similis Buff-throated Saltator Saltator maximus BUNTINGS, SPARROWS, AND ALLIES EMBERIZIDAE Blue-black Grassquit Volatinia jacarina Plumbeous Seedeater Sporophila plumbea Rusty-collared Seedeater Sporophila collaris White-bellied Seedeater Sporophila leucoptera Dark-throated Seedeater Sporophila ruficollis Chestnut-bellied Seed-Finch Oryzoborus angolensis Saffron Finch Sicalis flaveola Wedge-tailed Grass-Finch Emberizoides herbicola Red-crested Cardinal Paroaria coronata Yellow-billed Cardinal Paroaria capitata Red-crested Finch Coryphospingus cucullatus Pectoral Sparrow Arremon taciturnus

Tropical Birding www.tropicalbirding.com 17 Saffron-billed Sparrow Arremon flavirostris Grassland Sparrow Ammodramus humeralis TROUPIALS AND ALLIES ICTERIDAE Chopi Blackbird Gnorimopsar chopi Scarlet-headed Blackbird Amblyramphus holosericeus Unicolored Blackbird Agelasticus cyanopus Bay-winged Cowbird Agelaioides badius badius Shiny Cowbird Molothrus bonariensis Giant Cowbird Molothrus oryzivorus Variable Oriole Icterus pyrrhopterus Orange-backed Troupial Icterus croconotus Solitary Black Cacique (Solitary Cacique) Cacicus solitarius Yellow-rumped Cacique Cacicus cela Crested Oropendola Psarocolius decumanus SISKINS, CROSSBILLS, AND ALLIES FRINGILLIDAE Purple-throated Euphonia Euphonia chlorotica Thick-billed Euphonia Euphonia laniirostris OLD WORLD SPARROWS PASSERIDAE House Sparrow Passer domesticus

MAMMALS Greater Bulldog Bat Noctilio leporinus Black-tailed Marmoset (Silvery Marmoset) Callithrix melanura Black-striped Capuchin Cebus libidinosus Black Howler Monkey Alouatta caraya Crab-eating Fox Cerdocyon thous South American Coati Nasua nasua Brazilian Tapir Tapirus terrestris Wild Boar (Feral Pig) (I) Sus scrofa Marsh Deer Blastocerus dichotomus Red Brocket Deer Mazama americana Capybara Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris Azara's Agouti Dasyprocta azarae

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