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Revitalizacija Moliškohrvatskoga Identiteta

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Revitalizacija Moliškohrvatskoga Identiteta Filozofski fakultet Marta Račić REVITALIZACIJA MOLIŠKOHRVATSKOGA IDENTITETA DOKTORSKI RAD Zagreb, 2018. Filozofski fakultet Marta Račić REVITALIZACIJA MOLIŠKOHRVATSKOGA IDENTITETA DOKTORSKI RAD Mentorica: Prof. dr. sc. Jadranka Grbić Zagreb, 2018. FACULTY OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES Marta Račić REVITALIZATION OF MOLISE CROATIAN IDENTITY DOCTORAL THESIS Supervisor: Prof. dr. sc. Jadranka Grbić Zagreb, 2018. ŽIVOTOPIS MENTORICE Dr. sc. Jadranka Grbić redovita je profesorica na Filozofskom fakultetu Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, gdje je diplomirala studij etnologije i fonetike. Godine 1988. je magistrirala, a 1992. doktorirala s tezom: “Povezanost jezika i etničkog identiteta na primjeru hrvatske nacionalne manjine u Mađarskoj”. Radila je u Institutu za razvoj i međunarodne odnose u Zagrebu (1986. - 1989.), zatim u Institutu za migracije i narodnosti Sveučilišta u Zagrebu (1989. - 1990.), dok je od 1990. do 2010. radila u Institutu za etnologiju i folkloristiku u Zagrebu. Od 1. veljače 2010. zaposlena je na Filozofskom fakultetu Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Odsjek za etnologiju i kulturnu antropologiju u statusu redovitog profesora. Na preddiplomskom i diplomskom studiju predaje kolegije Etnografija komunikacija, Etnokulturni identitet, Globalizacija i lokalne kulturne prakse. U okviru doktorskoga studija, čija je voditeljica od 2010. godine predaje kolegije Identitet manjinskih zajednica, Teorijski pristupi u istraživanju identiteta i Identitet dijasporskih zajednica. Od 1998. do 2008. bila je glavna i odgovorna urednica časopisa / godišnjaka Hrvatskog etnološkog društva “Etnološka tribina”. Članica je Uredničkoga odbora ”Etnoloških istraživanja” i “Zbornika za narodni život i običaje”. U statusu člana-radnika (tj. volontera) Matice hrvatske, godinama je obnašala dužnost pročelnice Odjela za povijest umjetnosti, arheologiju i etnologiju Matice hrvatske. Bila je suradnica Leksikografskog zavoda Miroslava Krleže na projektu Hrvatska enciklopedija a surađuje s Maticom hrvatske na projektu Povijest Hrvatske. Bila je koordinatorica znanstvenoistraživačke suradnje Hrvatske akademije znanosti i umjetnosti i Mađarske akademije znanosti na polju etnologije. Radila je kao voditeljica bilateralnoga znanstvenoistraživačkog hrvatsko-slovenskog projekta Populacijska dinamika na širem pokupskom području te suradnica na brojnim znanstvenoistraživačkim projektima. Godine 1998. dobila je državnu nagradu za znanost. Zajedno sa suradnicima dobila je 2015. godine nagradu Zavoda za kulturu vojvođanskih Hrvata iz Subotice Emerik Pavić za zbornik “Bunjevci u vremenskom i prostornom kontekstu” za najbolju knjigu u 2014. godini, a 2016. dobiva za isti zbornik Trijenalnu nagradu Tomo Vereš za najbolju knjigu u području znanosti i publicistike za razdoblje 2013. – 2015. Također, 2015. g. dobila je i Godišnju nagradu Filozofskoga fakulteta za knjigu “Multipliciranje zavičaja i domovina. Hrvatska dijaspora: kronologija, destinacije, identitet”. Članica je Hrvatskog etnološkog društva, Matice hrvatske, Europskog pokreta Hrvatske i Međunarodne udruge etnologa i antropologa (SIEF). SAŽETAK Cilj doktorskoga rada je istražiti spoznaje o procesima revitalizacije identiteta manjinske zajednice moliških Hrvata u Italiji, kroz aktivnosti usmjerene na očuvanje jezika te tradicijske i suvremene kulture od druge polovice 20. stoljeća do danas. Polazište su dosadašnji povijesni, filološki i etnološki radovi koji su se bavili podrijetlom, jezikom i običajima moliških Hrvata. Na toj interdisciplinarnoj osnovi, a uz pomoć recentnih metoda i teorijskih pristupa istraživanja identiteta, gradi se kulturnoantropološki prikaz procesa revitalizacije, stanja i statusa ove hrvatske dijasporske zajednice. Pri tome se promatraju markeri identiteta unutar moliškohrvatske zajednice, kao i markeri identiteta kojima ih označavaju nehrvatski pripadnici lokalne i šire zajednice te njihova eventualna ne/kompatibilnost. Radom se također nastoji utvrditi koliko je suvremeni trenutak, u kojem se revitalizira moliškohrvatski identitet u skladu s manjinskim politikama Europske unije, politikom Italije prema manjinama i politikom Republike Hrvatske prema dijaspori. U radu se primjenjuje metodologija kvalitativnoga etnografskog istraživanja koja uključuje metodu studijskoga i terenskog rada. Prema potrebi korištene su tehnike analize teksta, studije slučaja, polustrukturiranoga dubinskog intervjua uz audio snimanje, tehnike sudioničkog promatranja, nenametljivog procjenjivanja, neformalnih razgovora te vođenje dnevnika i bilješki. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da se moliškohrvatska zajednica višestoljetnim povijesnim trajanjem na prostoru južne Italije u potpunosti integrirala u društvo, ali u isto vrijeme se jezikom, kao najvažnijim identitetskim obilježjem, uspjela oduprijeti potpunoj asimilaciji. Ako uzmemo u obzir da ova manjina kroz povijest nije sačuvala svoje ime, niti ime jezika kojim je govorila, nego je tijekom procesa revitalizacije stekla svijest o imenu i podrijetlu, onda se može zaključiti da je proces revitalizacije kroz više desetljeća za ovu zajednicu rezultirao značajnim promjenama. Ključne riječi: Identitet, moliški Hrvati, moliškohrvatska zajednica, jezik, manjina, revitalizacija, Italija. ABSTRACT The aim of the doctoral thesis is to gain insight into identity revitalisation processes of the Molise Croatian minority community in Italy which included facilitating the activities focused on language preservation as well as traditional and modern culture from the second half of the 20th century to the present. Former historical, philological and ethnological research which had dealt with the origin, language and customs of Molise Croats has been used as the starting point. Based on this interdisciplinary foundation, a cultural and anthropological picture of the revitalisation process, present position and status of the Croatian diaspora community has been built up. For this purpose the identity markers within the Molise community and the identity markers denoted by non Croatian members of the local and wider community were observed as well as their possible in/compatibility. The theses has tried to establish to what extent the present Molise Croatian revitalisation process is aligned with the minority policies of the European Union, Italian minority policy and the diaspora policy of the Republic of Croatia. The thesis uses the quantitative ethnographic research methodology which includes methods of both study and field work. Techniques of text analysis, case studies, semi structured in- depth audio-recorded interviews, participant observation techniques, non-intrusive evaluation techniques, informal conversations as well as diary keeping and note taking have been used as appropriate. The field research was conducted in South Italy, mainly in the village Mundimitar during the summer of 2016. Its aim was to determine the identity markers within the Molise Croatian community as well as the identity markers used by the Italian or non-Croatian members of the local as well as the broader community. The interviews were focused on two main topics, the former being the language and the latter being the cultural characteristics and tradition. An objective account of the language use as well as the cultural customs was provided, followed by an account of individual attitudes and emotions towards the language, tradition, origin and community. The main identity markers within the Molise Croatian community are the language as the most significant distinctive feature followed by the feeling of pride because of being different and belonging to a community, the importance of Saint Lucy as the patron saint and finally poetry writing which is read publicly once a year at the manifestation Večera na-našo. The features which were identified as specific of this community by the non-Croatian (Italian) inhabitants of Molise partially correspond to the Molise Croats' self-evaluation, and these were language, closedness in the linguistic sense, openness in the social sense, poetry writing and the propensity for artistic expression. The results show that after centuries of its presence in the region of south Italy, the Molise Croatian community has completely integrated into society, but at the same time has resisted complete assimilation through its language, the most prominent identity feature. Taking into account that this minority did not preserve either its name or the name of the language it spoke, but has developed the awareness of its name and origin through the revitalisation process, it can be concluded that the process of revitalisation over several decades has resulted in significant changes for the community. Key words: Identity, Molise Croats, Molise Croatian community, language, minority, revitalisation, Italy SADRŽAJ: 1. UVOD ................................................................................................................................ 1 2. CILJEVI RADA I TEORIJSKO-TERMINOLOŠKI OKVIR ........................................... 6 2.1. Ciljevi rada .................................................................................................................. 6 2.2. Metodologija istraživanja ............................................................................................ 7 2.2.1. Opis metodoloških postupaka i način prikupljanja podataka ............................... 8 2.2.2. Nepredvidive negativne i/ili pozitivne istraživačke situacije ............................. 10 2.2.3. Između uloge „stranca u selu“ i uloge „insajdera“ ............................................
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