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La Méditerranée: Textes, Discours Tics/Tices Et Frontières Abdenbi Lachkar, Salam Diab Duranton

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La Méditerranée: Textes, Discours Tics/Tices Et Frontières Abdenbi Lachkar, Salam Diab Duranton La Méditerranée: Textes, discours TICs/TICes et frontières Abdenbi Lachkar, Salam Diab Duranton To cite this version: Abdenbi Lachkar, Salam Diab Duranton. La Méditerranée: Textes, discours TICs/TICes et frontières. Publications de l’université Ibn Zohr, 416 p., 2014. hal-03051313 HAL Id: hal-03051313 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03051313 Submitted on 10 Dec 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution - NonCommercial - NoDerivatives| 4.0 International License 1 LA MĒDITERRANĒE : TEXTES, DISCOURS TICS/TICES ET FRONTIĒRES ABDENBI LACHKAR SALAM DIAB DURANTON PUBLICATIONS DE L‘UNIVERSITĒ IBN ZOHR 2 3 Comité scientifique ABLALI Driss (Université de Lorraine, France), ACHARD-BAYLE Guy (Université de Loraine), ALLAIGRE Anick (Paris8, France), AMSIDDER Abderrahmane (Université Ibn Zohr, Maroc), BOUSTANI Sobhi (Inalco, France), BOYER Henri (Université Montpellier3, France), BOUHADIBA Farouk (Université dřOran, Algérie), CALVET Louis-Jean (Université de Provence), DAGHMI Fathallah (Université de Poitiers, France), DENOOZ Laurence (Université de Lorraine, France), DIAB DURANTON Salam (Université Paris8, France), ELMAIMOUNI Lahoucine (Université Ibn Zohr, Maroc), EMBARKI Mohamed (Université Franche Comté, France), HAILLET Patrick (Université Cergy-Pontoise, France), LACHKAR Abdenbi (Université Paris8, France), LEZAR Mokhtar (Université de Mostaganem, Algérie), MABROUR Abdelouahed (Université Chouaib Doukkali, Maroc), MERGER Marie-France (Université de Pise, Italie), VANDERSHELDEN Isabelle (Université de Manchester, Royaume-Uni), SABIR Ahmed (Université Ibn Zohr, Maroc), ZDAA Abdellah (Université Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah-Fès, Maroc), ZIAMARI Karima (Université Moulay Ismail-Meknès, Maroc). 4 5 Présentation Les liens entre textes et discours, leur traitement multidisciplinaire, notamment linguistique et numérique, illustrent les multiples défis posés par les mutations sociales et politiques que vivent les sociétés dřaujourdřhui. Le développement des technologies de lřinformation et de la communication, leurs usages, dans le domaine des langues, des cultures, de lřesthétique, de lřart, de lřenseignement et de lřéducation, contribuent à modeler aussi bien les comportements individuels et collectifs que lřoralité, lřécriture et lřimage. Ce rassemblement de textes très divers sřinscrit directement dans la problématique ainsi définie. On y trouve des recherches relevant des sciences humaines et sociales, tant théoriques quřappliquées : littérature, linguistique, sociolinguistique, anthropologie, psychologie, philosophie, arts, sciences de lřinformation et de la communication y sont convoquées. Toutes contribuent à la compréhension des mécanismes sous-jacents à la production des formes et des sens et à leur circulation dans lřespace méditerranéen. Cet ouvrage est lřoccasion dřinterroger les langues, les textes, les multimédias, de décrire leurs genres, leurs discours, leurs stratégies, leurs structures et leurs liens avec lřenvironnement (social, économique, culturel, politique, etc.). Il laisse place à lřexamen des croyances (cultures, rites, phraséologie, stéréotypie) des pratiques médiatiques et numériques. Il décrit la genèse des événements, leur réception, le changement des comportements individuels et collectifs. A la lumière des événements qui secouent actuellement lřespace méditerranéen, il se demande dans quelle mesure les médias contribuent à lřévolution et à la libération des idées, des discours, et plus généralement des langues. Dans cette perspective, quelle est la place des TICs/TICEs et de leurs applications (réseaux sociaux, plates-formes collaboratives, applications nomades, etc.) ? Quel est leur rôle dans le rapprochement entre les peuples de la Méditerranée, voire, plus largement, ce qui les relie aux peuples et espaces avoisinant lřaire méditerranéenne. Nous espérons parvenir à expliquer les réalités et les enjeux des nouvelles technologies de lřinformation et de la communication, notamment après leur intégration dans le domaine de lřenseignement, et la mise en place de nouvelles pratiques, réflexions et méthodes capables de donner un nouvel essor, un nouveau souffle à lřespace méditerranéen. 6 Rappelons quřen prenant pour thématique Textes, Discours, TICs/TICEs et Frontières, cet ouvrage sřinscrit dans le prolongement de travaux antérieurs. De nombreux points ici discutés viennent compléter ce qui a déjà été abordé précédemment (Abdenbi Lachkar, 2012 et 2014 a, Amsidder et al., 2013) dont on peut dresser la liste : Situation actuelle des langues et des littératures écrites et/ou orales en Méditerranée Le rapport espaces, langues, médias, textes, discours, cultures et identités : contact et conflit Grammaire, sémantique, phonétique, pragmatique : génération et modélisation Didactique et enseignement des langues Phraséologie, imaginaires, mémoires et représentations Textes, discours et pratiques : réalités, enjeux et perspectives (nouveaux enjeux, nouvelles langues, nouvelles littératures et pratiques langagières et nouveaux médias) Intégration des multimédias et des nouvelles technologies de lřinformation et de la communication dans les pédagogies de lřenseignement : enjeux et perspectives. Nouvelles réflexions, nouvelles méthodes, nouvelles TICs/TICEs : multimédias et enseignement à distante. Communication et héritage culturels, Internet et frontières : réalité et virtualité, visibilité et invisibilité. Médias, réseaux sociaux et frontières linguistiques, culturelles, sociopolitiques et numériques : pouvoir et faiblesse. Identité et frontières : hétérogénéité ou homogénéité ? Si les langues, les discours, les textes, les cultures et les médias sont toujours des lieux dřexposition dřun ensemble de productions socio-langagières et de comportements psychosociaux, aussi bien individuels que collectifs, auxquels nous octroyons la valeur de représentation linguistique, socioculturelle, médiatique, numérique, etc., il reste à définir les frontières qui les limitent ou les séparent dans lřespace de la Méditerranée. Pour marquer la distance, minimale et maximale, à respecter, existe-t-il vraiment une frontière fixe ? Est-il possible aujourdřhui de parler de frontières mobiles à lřère de la mondialisation et de lřouverture des espaces ? Abdenbi Lachkar & Salam Diab Duranton 7 Langues de la Méditerranée: aspects socio-linguistiques 8 Intensification des adjectifs de qualité Nahla AJILI, Université de Sfax Introduction La notion dřintensité a retenu notre attention étant donné la place quřelle occupe dans la grammaire française. En effet, le degré dřintensité est un concept métalinguistique aussi ancien que la description des langues elles-mêmes. A lřheure actuelle, toute grammaire comporte une partie, plus au moins étendue, consacrée à lřexpression du degré dřintensité. Le choix des adverbes intensifs, parmi tous les moyens dřexpression de lřintensité, nous a semblé pertinent dans la mesure où cřest le moyen le plus courant de lřexpression de lřintensité. Ce travail est consacré donc à lřétude du degré de signification des adjectifs de qualité. Dans ce qui suit, dans la première partie, nous commençons par présenter les notions dřintensification et dřintensité : nous étudions, en premier lieu, la notion de scalarité où nous différencions la gradation syntaxique de la gradation sémantique et dans un deuxième temps nous nous intéressons à lřintensification des adjectifs de qualité où nous nous arrêtons plus en détail aux différents classements des adverbes dřintensité proposés par les grammaires et les linguistes. Dans la deuxième partie, nous accentuons notre étude sur les différentes étapes de la réalisation informatique de la reconnaissance automatique de toutes les formes dřintensité des adjectifs de qualité dans la plateforme NooJ. Dans la conclusion, nous récapitulons les principaux résultats lors de notre travail et présentons quelques pistes pouvant sřavérer intéressantes pour de futures recherches sur le sujet. 9 1. Intensification et intensité Pour définir la notion de lřintensification, nous nous basons sur les explications et le schéma de Clara Romero1 qui utilise le terme dřintensité. La différence entre les deux notions est que lřintensification dénote un procès, qui change lřintensité, ce dernier terme indiquant un état « Comme lřintensification peut toujours prendre deux directions opposées, lřeffet est soit le renforcement (augmentation de lřintensité), soit lřatténuation (diminution de lřintensité), […] »2. Avec lřintensité, Romero3 présente l‟intensité comme étant un « écart entre deux états » « au plan le plus abstrait, lřintensité est dřabord une tension. Autrement dit, lřintensité dřun phénomène x consiste dans lřécart (ou la différence) entre deux états x1 et x2 relatifs à ce phénomène ». Nous verrons que lř« écart », qui crée une « tension », est fondamental dans cette définition. Elle constate que tout écart comporte deux aspects : dřune part, il y a « lřamplitude » ou lřaspect « quantitatif » ; dřautre part « le contraste » ou lřaspect «
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