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1917-2017: Repensar La Revolución 1917-2017: REPENSAR LA REVOLUCIÓN O Daniel Albarracín O Josep María Antentas O Ekhi Atutxa O Soledad Bengoechea OJordi Borja OAntonis Davanellos OJodi Dean OJosu Egi- reun O Brais Fernández O Eva Fernández O Manuel Garí O Benjamín de la Hoz OMichel Husson OHubert Krivine OHenri Lefebvre ORichard Lewontin O Francisco Louça O Michael Löwy O Fernando Luengo O Hele- na Maleno OJúlia Martí OJosé Luis Martín Ramos OLuisa Martín Rojo OAntonio Méndez OPelai Pagès OJaime Pastor ODaniel Pereyra OAmaia Pérez Orozco OJorge Riechmann OSergio Rodríguez Lascano OPierre Rous- set O Catherine Samary O Juan Manuel Santiago O María Cruz Santos No 150 AÑO XXV 12 € FEBRERO 2017 www.vientosur.info [email protected] Consejo Asesor Redacción Maqueta Santiago Alba Rico Editor fundador MEDIAactive Daniel Albarracín Miguel Romero [email protected] Nacho Álvarez-Peralta Josep María Antentas Redacción Redacción Iñaki Bárcena Jaime Pastor (editor) C./ Limón, 20 Judith Carreras Bajo ext-dcha. Andreu Coll · Revista impresa 28015 Madrid. Sandra Ezquerra Tel. y Fax: 917049369 Joseba Fernández Secretariado de la José Galante Redacción Distribución Manuel Garí Marc Casanovas para el Estado español Lorena Garrón Brais Fernández UDL. Pepe Gutiérrez-Álvarez Antonio García UNIDAD PARA LA Pedro Ibarra DISTRIBUCIÓN DE LIBROS SL Petxo Idoyaga Antonio Crespo (Voces) [email protected] Júlia Martí Alberto García-Teresa www.udllibros.com Luisa Martín Rojo (Subrayados) Bibiana Medialdea Carmen Ochoa (Miradas) Administración y Justa Montero suscripciones Roberto Montoya · Web Josu Egireun. Rebeca Moreno Tino Brugos Tel.: 630 546 782 Xaquín Pastoriza Martí Caussa [email protected] Daniel Pereyra Mikel de la Fuente Enric Prat Josu Egireun Producción Ángeles Ramírez Manuel Girón Qar Comunicación, SA Carlos Sevilla Petxo Idoyaga C/ Los Madrazo, 24 Miguel Urbán Crespo Gloria Marín 28014 Madrid Esther Vivas Alberto Nadal DL: B-7852-92 Begoña Zabala Sergio Pawlowsky ISSN: 1133-5637 Diseño original Jerôme Oudin SOME RIGHTS RESERVED Esta obra se puede copiar, distribuir, comunicar públicamente o hacer obras derivadas de la misma, bajo las siguiente condiciones: Debe reconocer No puede utilizar Si altera o transforma esta y citar al autor esta obra para obra, se hará bajo una original ÀQHVFRPHUFLDOHV licencia idéntica a ésta http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/deed.es SUMARIO AL VUELO 4. ¿QUÉ ESTRATEGIAS? Jaime Pastor 3 Una necesaria reorganización 1. LA REVOLUCIÓN RUSA DE 1917 del pensamiento emancipatorio 123 Sergio Rodríguez Lascano ¿Por qué la revolución sólo triunfó Revolución, anticapitalismo en el Imperio ruso? 9 y contrahegemonía 133 José Luis Martín Ramos Josu Egireun y Jaime Pastor Las mujeres en la Revolución rusa 18 Imaginación estratégica y partido 141 Soledad Bengoechea Josep María Antentas y María Cruz Santos Comunismo en movimiento 151 Comunismo soviético y dilemas Catherine Samary de los partidos comunistas 26 Jordi Borja 5. ¿QUÉ PARTIDO(S)? La Revolución rusa y la clase obrera La actualidad de la revolución 163 en el Estado español (1917-1923) 37 Jodi Dean Pelai Pagès i Blanch Las antinomias de 2. CRISIS, CAPITALISMO Y ESTADOS la forma partido 173 Brais Fernández Ecosocialismo descalzo en el Siglo La construcción partidaria en de la Gran Prueba 49 el actual periodo histórico 181 Jorge Riechmann Martín Mosquera Capitalismo del siglo XXI: Reflexiones sobre la cuestión ¿Punto sin retorno? 59 del partido 190 Michel Husson Pierre Rousset Los Estados en la globalización El partido-movimiento que neoliberal 67 necesitamos 198 Júlia Martí Daniel Pereyra Gabriel y su última batalla. Nos sangran las fronteras: 6. ¿UNIÓN EUROPEA? guerras no declaradas del siglo XXI 76 Tras la experiencia griega 207 Helena Maleno Antonis Davanellos 3. PROYECTOS ALTERNATIVOS ¿Qué hacer con la Unión Europea? 213 Ciudad, lenguaje y vida cotidiana 87 Manuel Garí Luisa Martín Rojo y Daniel Albarracín La ciudad y lo urbano 93 Esta vez va a ser peor 222 Henri Lefebvre Francisco Louça Las instituciones del común 99 España y Alemania en la Europa Ekhi Atutxa de las divergencias 234 De la Revolución de Octubre Fernando Luengo al ecosocialismo del siglo XXI 106 Michael Löwy ¿Espacios económicos de subversión feminista? 111 Amaia Pérez Orozco Número 150/Febrero 2017 7. CULTURA Y PODER VOCES La relación entre comunicación, Juan Gelman 8 subjetividad y crisis social 245 Laura Giordani 48, 86 Antonio Méndez Rubio Jorge Riechmann 86 Ninguna revolución empezó Alberto García Teresa 86 al apagarse los focos 254 Juan Carlos Mestre 122 Benjamín de la Hoz Antonio Crespo Massieu 162 Narrativa crítica para María Ángeles Maeso 206 un capitalismo incompetente 262 Angelina Gatell 244 Eva Fernández Guadalupe Grande 278 Medios audiovisuales y cambio Antonio Crespo Massieu social. Pepito Grillo y la conciencia de clase 268 PORTADA Juan Manuel Santiago Roser Rius 8. CIENCIA Y TRANSFORMACIÓN SOCIAL Ciencia y tecnología. Los datos masivos, ¿para hacer qué? 279 Hubert Krivine La nueva biología sintética, ¿quién sale ganando? 285 Richard Lewontin MIRADAS Álvaro Minguito 7 Cinthia González 47 Ángeles Paraíso 85 Juan Galisteo 121 Miguel Romero, Moro 161 Samantha Aretino 205 José Mato 243 Raúl Montesano 277 Carmen Ochoa Bravo 2 Número 150/Febrero 2017 AL VUELO Q “Eran tiempos de crisis de referencias, de malestar político, de ‘alejamiento de la política’, llegaba a decirse. La caída del muro de Berlín planteaba interrogantes a todas las corrientes marxistas (especialmente a quienes habíamos esperado y luchado por que el derrumbe de la bu- rocracia fuera el origen de un renacimiento socialista) a las que era QHFHVDULREXVFDUUHVSXHVWDVPiVDOOiGHODUHDÀUPDFLyQGRFWULQDOµ$Vt recordaba en el número 100 su editor fundador, Miguel Romero, Moro, HOPRPHQWRKLVWyULFR ÀQDOHVGH\FRPLHQ]RVGH HQHOTXH QDFLyHVWDUHYLVWD,QLFLDOPHQWHFRQFHELGDFRPRLQVWUXPHQWRGH UHÁH[LyQFROHFWLYDGHODRUJDQL]DFLyQTXHIXHUHVXOWDGRGHODXQLÀFDFLyQ del Movimiento Comunista y la Liga Comunista Revolucionaria, una vez fracasada esa corta experiencia, viento sur, siempre acompañada por los hermosos versos de Federico García Lorca, seguiría su propio vuelo hasta llegar hoy a sus 25 años de vida con este número 150. (V LPSRVLEOH KDFHU HQ HVWD EUHYH SUHVHQWDFLyQ XQ UHVXPHQ GHO recorrido hecho a lo largo de tanto tiempo pero, desde luego, llegar hasta aquí habría sido imposible sin el enorme esfuerzo que ha dedi- cado tanta gente amiga y, en primer lugar, nuestro querido Moro hasta su fallecimiento hace poco más de 3 años. Larga sería la lista también de las personas que de una forma u otra han ayudado a la continuidad de esta revista; sin olvidar, por supuesto, a quienes suscribiéndose a la misma la han podido seguir con regularidad y JDUDQWL]DUDGHPiVVXDXWRÀQDQFLDFLyQ ¢&yPRVHKDLGRGHÀQLHQGRGHVGHHQWRQFHVHVWDUHYLVWD"(QUHDOLGDG VLQSUHWHQGHUQHJDUODHYROXFLyQ\ORVFDPELRV²WDPELpQDIRUWXQDGD- PHQWHJHQHUDFLRQDOHV²TXHVHKDQLGRSURGXFLHQGRHQODUHGDFFLyQ y en el consejo asesor durante estos 25 años, creemos que sigue siendo YiOLGD OD H[SOLFDFLyQ TXH VHJXLPRV HPSOHDQGR HQ QXHVWURV IROOHWRV “tiene como referencia un marxismo abierto, crítico y autocrítico, que QHFHVLWD\EXVFDODFRPXQLFDFLyQ\HOHQFXHQWURFRQRWUDVFRUULHQWHVGHO pensamiento emancipatorio, especialmente aquellas vinculadas con los movimientos sociales. viento sur está comprometida en la lucha contra el capitalismo y es solidaria con todas las personas y organizaciones TXHSDUWLFLSDQHQHOODµ 8QDDXWRGHÀQLFLyQHQSDUWLFXODUHQFXDQWRDVX´FDUiFWHUDELHUWR FUtWLFR\DXWRFUtWLFRµTXHVHSXHGHFRPSUREDUVLVHFRQVXOWDODGLYHUVL- dad de contribuciones escritas con las que hemos contado en los suce- sivos números de la revista, especialmente en el contenido de los Plurales y también en las otras secciones, incluidas las tan cuidadas y queridas Voces y Miradas. Nuestra revista ha conocido, además, un avance enorme a medida TXHODUHYLVWDHQSDSHOKDLGRDFRPSDxDGDGHXQVLWLRZHE²TXHKD FRQWDGR FRQ XQ HTXLSR GH UHGDFFLyQ GLVWLQWR \ FRQ XQ YROXQWDULDGR VLHPSUHGLVSXHVWRDFRODERUDUHQODWUDGXFFLyQGHDUWtFXORVHQOHQJXDV GLVWLQWDVGHOFDVWHOODQR²FDGDYH]PiVDQLPDGR\ULFRGHFRQWHQLGRV Número 150/Febrero 2017 3 AL VUELO como se puede comprobar diariamente. Prueba de su creciente acogida está en que en los últimos meses hemos llegado a alcanzar un número de visitas únicas que ha llegado a más de 200.000. Un dato que, WUDWiQGRVHGHXQDUHYLVWDGHUHÁH[LyQDQiOLVLV\RSLQLyQSROtWLFDTXH se puede considerar de izquierda radical, no está nada mal. Junto a esos dos formatos con que contamos, también queremos recordar que a lo largo de todos estos años hemos promovido dife- UHQWHVDFWLYLGDGHVGHSUHVHQWDFLyQGHGLVWLQWRVQ~PHURVGHODUHYLVWD así como jornadas y encuentros, como los que desarrollamos con las revistas amigas mientras tanto y El viejo topo en los primeros años GHHVWHVLJOR;;,RWDOOHUHVMXQWRFRQUHYLVWDVGHRWURVSDtVHVFRPR hicimos en el Foro Social Europeo celebrado en Florencia en 2002; o el Foro de debate que, con regularidad mensual, realizamos en Madrid GHVGHKDFH\DPXFKRVDxRVHQHOVDOyQGHDFWRVTXHQRVFHGHODOLEUHUtD DPLJD7UDÀFDQWHVGHVXHxRVDKRUDHVDH[SHULHQFLDVHHVWiHPSUHQ- diendo también en Barcelona y esperemos que se extienda a otros lugares. Actividades todas ellas que hemos desarrollado y seguiremos haciéndolo desde nuestra autonomía y el respeto a nuestra pluralidad interna, pero siempre con la modesta voluntad de contribuir a la vieja DVSLUDFLyQGH´WUDQVIRUPDUHOPXQGRFDPELDUODYLGDµ (VD KD VLGR WDPELpQ QXHVWUD LQWHQFLyQ FRQ OD VHULH GH OLEURV TXH hemos ido publicando, primero con la editorial Los libros de la catarata \OXHJRFRQ/DRYHMDURMD6HSXHGHYHUXQDUHODFLyQGHHVWRV~OWLPRVHQ nuestra
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