DOCSLIB.ORG

A Comparative Study of Bolivian Indigenous and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples’ Resistance

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Comparative Study of Bolivian Indigenous and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples’ Resistance Battles for Indigenous self-determination in the neoliberal period: a comparative study of Bolivian Indigenous and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples’ resistance. Rachel Lorraine Evans A thesis submitted for the Masters of Research degree at Sydney University in 2019 Faculty of Social Sciences 1 Abstract ___________________________________________ This comparative study will analyse Bolivia’s revolutionary process and Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander resistance movements to assess the Indigenous empowerment model. It will seek to ascertain whether an exchange would benefit both struggles. Bolivian President Evo Morales, an Indigenous Aymara, is widely recognised as leading a fight against neoliberalism, with a ‘cultural, democratic revolution’. The country, with 42% of people identifying as Indigenous (Fontana 2013, para 3), appears to be formalising Indigenous land rights through a ‘plurinational constitution’ (Burbach, Fox, Fuentes, 2013, p. 80), within an anti-capitalist rubric. Other revolutionary governments in the region — Venezuela, Ecuador, Nicaragua, El Salvador and Cuba — are challenging neoliberalism, but Bolivia seems to be uniquely placed to showcase elements within an Indigenous self-determination model. In comparison, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities in Australia are a minority population of 2.8% (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2017, para 1), living within a settler colonial state, having survived British invasion of their lands. They have waged heroic battles for land rights and won 33% of their land back from the settler state (Altman, 2014, para 8). However, showing the strength of the colonial project, the majority of land to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders is in remote and arid lands not suitable for agricultural production. In addition to land rights achievements, through heightened levels of activism, First Nation communities have won battles for cultural space and self-governance bodies within ideological and politically colonialised spaces. This is despite having limited representational space within Australian government settings. Currently, it appears communities are under assault from a renewed wave of assimilation. In comparing battles for self-determination in Bolivia and Australia, this research will focus on struggles around the three pillars of a robust sovereignty model — land rights, cultural rights and self-governance structures. The time period for this study is the neoliberal period from the 1970s onwards, albeit with a focus on some seminal pre-1970s battles. Carried out with a participatory activist research methodology, this project aims to 2 consolidate scholarly relations between Indigenous resistance in both countries, in an effort to assist battles for self-determination. 3 Declaration by Author ___________________________________________ This thesis is composed of my original work, and contains no material previously published or written by another person except where due reference has been made in the body of the text. I have clearly declared the contribution by others to jointly-authored works that I have included in my thesis. have clearly stated the contribution of others to my thesis as a whole, including statistical assistance, survey design, data analysis, significant technical procedures, professional editorial advice, and any other original research work used or reported in my thesis. The content of my thesis is the result of work I have carried out since the commencement of my Masters of Research higher degree candidature and does not include a substantial part of work that has been submitted to qualify for the award of any other degree or diploma in any university or other tertiary institution. I have clearly stated which parts of my thesis, if any, have been submitted to qualify for another award. I acknowledge that an electronic copy of my thesis must be lodged with the Sydney University Library and, subject to the General Award Rules of The University of Sydney, immediately made available for research and study in accordance with the Copyright Act 1968. I acknowledge that copyright of all material contained in my thesis resides with the copyright holder(s) of that material. Where appropriate I have obtained copyright permission from the copyright holder to reproduce material in this thesis. 4 Acknowledgements _____________________________________________ I acknowledge the Gadigal people of the Eora nation upon whose land this research is written. This thesis was inspired by the heroism of activists and scholars, past and present, and in this, it is a collective endeavour. I am indebted to a range of people. Firstly, a big thank you to my hard-working supervisor, Victoria Grieves, who guided this thesis through its genesis. Her encouragement was critical, as were her offerings of cheese and beverages at particular junctures. Fernanda Penaloza, as an auxiliary supervisor, also provided crucial insights into comparative studies and has been a consistent source of support and guidance. I travelled to Bolivia in 2017 to undertake interviews. I am indebted to the contacts in Bolivia provided by Lisa MacDonald, Federico Fuentes, Coral Wynters and Jim McIIroy. I am forever thankful for the good company and stoic patience of Hannah Wykes, who accompanied me on the journey, despite having neither Spanish nor an overriding interest in Indigenous politics. Thanks to Mara Bonnaci and Adam Sharah for teaching me about anti- uranium battles and showing me the beauty of the Australian desert. Thank you too to Federico Fuentes whose electric talks about Bolivia and considered writing about the Andean nation, inspire this study. I was motivated to research Indigenous resistance by the indefatigable work of Wiradjuri warrior Uncle Ray Jackson, who was a comrade and a friend. Ray, who fought for justice for families devastated by murderous acts by police and prison officers, and a victim of the ‘Stolen Generations,’ himself, never gave up. He passed away in 2015; his last day spent sitting by the fire at the Redfern Tent Embassy, talking tactics with Aunty Jenny Munro. I also pay tribute to Aboriginal warrior woman Pat Eatock. Thanks too, to Raul Bassi, Ray Jackson’s passionate side-kick, who encouraged this research. Indeed, I want to thank all the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and Bolivian Indigenous warriors, whose lives have been savaged by the colonial project, but whose everyday resistance makes change. I am grateful to Farida Iqbal, a colleague who took time out of her life to debate my work and provide invaluable feedback. Thanks too, to Blair Vidovich, who provided analysis 5 on the project’s philosophical tenets. I would also like to acknowledge the support of friends and family who, despite being significantly less obsessive than me about the complexities of Indigenous activism, were generous with their feedback. Specifically, to family members, Roslyn, Naomi and Frances Evans who gave much-needed encouragement. Thanks to Laurel Mackenzie and Corey Green for providing me hide-away space and desks and to Donna Mulhearn and Martin Reusch for their Labyrinth bush retreat. Big gratitude to Katy Jenkins and her rainbow family – Maisie and Alfie - for their laughter and motivation. A heartfelt appreciation, too of Eila Vinwynn’s welcome sanctuary in the final years of this project. Finally, thank you to comrades Peter Boyle and Pip Hinman for giving me the time needed out from the daily needs of the struggle for this project. 6 Keywords _____________________________________________ Indigenous resistance, self-determination, decolonisation, Bolivia, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander, empowerment, revolution 7 Table of Contents ________________________________________________________________ Preliminary Pages 2 List of Abbreviations 9 Introduction 10 Chapter One Struggles for Indigenous land rights in Bolivia and Australia in the neoliberal phase 26 Chapter Two Songlines and memorias: battles over Indigenous culture in the fight for self-determination 44 Chapter Three Empowerment projects for self-determination: Self-governance battles in Bolivia and Australia under neoliberalism 68 Conclusion 97 Appendices 108 A.1. A snapshot of Indigenous held land 1788–2013 A.2. Indigenous land titling under three tenures A.3. National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Organisations A.4. Stand out Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander battles in the neoliberal phase A.5. Achievements of the Evo Morales-led government A.6. Interview questions with Indigenous community members and movement activists from Bolivia/Australia. A.7. Interview with Enrique Castana Ballivian May 25, 2016 A.8. Interview with Odalis Zuazo May 22, 2016 A.9. Interview with Ken Canning June 22, 2018 A.10. Interview with Pablo Regalsky May 27, 2016 A.11. Interview with Zachary Joseph Wone June 25, 2018. A.12. Richard Fidler Notes for Presentation ‘Plurinational state, indigenous autonomy in Bolivia’ Calgary June 1, 2016, Socialist Studies Conference, 2016, Calgary, Alberta References 240 8 Abbreviations ____________________________________________ AIOC Autonomous Indigenous Territory (Spanish: Territorio Autónomo Indígena AIOC) AMP Senior Elders (Spanish: Alcades Mayores Particulares) CIDOB Confederation of Indigenous Peoples of Bolivia (Spanish: Confederación de Pueblos Indígenas de Bolivia; formerly, Spanish: Confederación de Pueblos Indígenas del Oriente Boliviano or CIDOB) CONAMAQ National Council of Ayllus and Markas of Qullasuyu (Spanish: Consejo
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Many Voices Queensland Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Languages Action Plan
    Yetimarala Yidinji Yi rawarka lba Yima Yawa n Yir bina ach Wik-Keyangan Wik- Yiron Yam Wik Pa Me'nh W t ga pom inda rnn k Om rungu Wik Adinda Wik Elk Win ala r Wi ay Wa en Wik da ji Y har rrgam Epa Wir an at Wa angkumara Wapabura Wik i W al Ng arra W Iya ulg Y ik nam nh ar nu W a Wa haayorre Thaynakwit Wi uk ke arr thiggi T h Tjung k M ab ay luw eppa und un a h Wa g T N ji To g W ak a lan tta dornd rre ka ul Y kk ibe ta Pi orin s S n i W u a Tar Pit anh Mu Nga tra W u g W riya n Mpalitj lgu Moon dja it ik li in ka Pir ondja djan n N Cre N W al ak nd Mo Mpa un ol ga u g W ga iyan andandanji Margany M litja uk e T th th Ya u an M lgu M ayi-K nh ul ur a a ig yk ka nda ulan M N ru n th dj O ha Ma Kunjen Kutha M ul ya b i a gi it rra haypan nt Kuu ayi gu w u W y i M ba ku-T k Tha -Ku M ay l U a wa d an Ku ayo tu ul g m j a oo M angan rre na ur i O p ad y k u a-Dy K M id y i l N ita m Kuk uu a ji k la W u M a nh Kaantju K ku yi M an U yi k i M i a abi K Y -Th u g r n u in al Y abi a u a n a a a n g w gu Kal K k g n d a u in a Ku owair Jirandali aw u u ka d h N M ai a a Jar K u rt n P i W n r r ngg aw n i M i a i M ca i Ja aw gk M rr j M g h da a a u iy d ia n n Ya r yi n a a m u ga Ja K i L -Y u g a b N ra l Girramay G al a a n P N ri a u ga iaba ithab a m l j it e g Ja iri G al w i a t in M i ay Giy L a M li a r M u j G a a la a P o K d ar Go g m M h n ng e a y it d m n ka m np w a i- u t n u i u u u Y ra a r r r l Y L a o iw m I a a G a a p l u i G ull u r a d e a a tch b K d i g b M g w u b a M N n rr y B thim Ayabadhu i l il M M u i a a
    [Show full text]
  • Profile: Fred Paterson
    Fred Paterson The Rhodes Scholar and theological student who became Australia's first Communist M.P. By TOM LARDNER Frederick Woolnough Paterson deserves more than the three lines he used to get in Who’s Who In Australia. As a Member of Parliament he had to be included but his listing could not have been more terse: PATERSON, Frederick Woolnough, M.L.A. for Bowen (Qld.) 1944-50; addreii Maston St., Mitchelton, Qld. Nothing like the average 20 lines given to most of those in Who’s Who, many with much less distinguished records. But then Fred Paterson had the disadvantage—or was it the distinction?—of being a Communist Member of Parliament— in fact, Australia’s first Communist M.P. His academic record alone should have earned him a more prominent listing, but this was never mentioned:— A graduate in Arts at the University of Queensland, Rhodes Scholar for Queensland, graduate in Arts at Oxford University, with honors in theology, and barrister-at-law. He was also variously, a school teacher in history, classics and mathematics; a Workers’ Educational Association organiser, a pig farmer, and for most o f the time from 1923 until this day an active member of the Communist Party of Australia, a doughty battler for the under-privileged. He also saw service in World War I. Page 50— AUSTRALIAN LBFT REVIEW, AUG.-SEPT., 1966. Fred Paterson was born in Gladstone, Central Queensland in 1897, of a big (five boys and four girls) and poor family. His father, who had emigrated from Scotland at the age of 16, had been a station manager and horse and bullock teamster in the pioneer days of Central Queensland; but for most of Fred’s boyhood, he tried to eke out a living as a horse and cart delivery man.
    [Show full text]
  • The Communist Party Dissolution Act 1950
    82 The Communist Party Dissolution Act 1950 After the Second World War ended with the defeat of Germany and Japan in 1945, a new global conflict between Communist and non-Communist blocs threatened world peace. The Cold War, as it was called, had substantial domestic repercussions in Australia. First, the spectre of Australians who were committed Communists perhaps operating as fifth columnists in support of Communist states abroad haunted many in the Labor, Liberal and Country parties. The Soviet Union had been an ally for most of the war, and was widely understood to have been crucial to the defeat of Nazism, but was now likely to be the main opponent if a new world war broke out. The Communist victory in China in 1949 added to these fears. Second, many on the left feared persecution, as anti-Communist feeling intensified around the world. Such fears were particularly fuelled by the activities of Senator Joe McCarthy in the United States of America. McCarthy’s allegations that Communists had infiltrated to the highest levels of American government gave him great power for a brief period, but he over-reached himself in a series of attacks on servicemen in the US Army in 1954, after which he was censured by the US Senate. Membership of the Communist Party of Australia peaked at around 20,000 during the Second World War, and in 1944 Fred Paterson won the Queensland state seat of Bowen for the party. Although party membership began to decline after the war, many Communists were prominent in trade unions, as well as cultural and literary circles.
    [Show full text]
  • Some Principles of the Use of Macro-Areas Language Dynamics &A
    Online Appendix for Harald Hammarstr¨om& Mark Donohue (2014) Some Principles of the Use of Macro-Areas Language Dynamics & Change Harald Hammarstr¨om& Mark Donohue The following document lists the languages of the world and their as- signment to the macro-areas described in the main body of the paper as well as the WALS macro-area for languages featured in the WALS 2005 edi- tion. 7160 languages are included, which represent all languages for which we had coordinates available1. Every language is given with its ISO-639-3 code (if it has one) for proper identification. The mapping between WALS languages and ISO-codes was done by using the mapping downloadable from the 2011 online WALS edition2 (because a number of errors in the mapping were corrected for the 2011 edition). 38 WALS languages are not given an ISO-code in the 2011 mapping, 36 of these have been assigned their appropri- ate iso-code based on the sources the WALS lists for the respective language. This was not possible for Tasmanian (WALS-code: tsm) because the WALS mixes data from very different Tasmanian languages and for Kualan (WALS- code: kua) because no source is given. 17 WALS-languages were assigned ISO-codes which have subsequently been retired { these have been assigned their appropriate updated ISO-code. In many cases, a WALS-language is mapped to several ISO-codes. As this has no bearing for the assignment to macro-areas, multiple mappings have been retained. 1There are another couple of hundred languages which are attested but for which our database currently lacks coordinates.
    [Show full text]
  • Finding Solutions
    Finding Solutions National Council of Women Australia Triennial Conference Program Canberra ACT 17, 18, 19 October 2018 Welcome National President’s Welcome This is a very exciting conference with delegates from NCW Constituent Councils, Associate and Affiliates members from all around Australia including members of the National Council of Young Women of Australia. I am also very happy to welcome members of the public, government representatives and other interested people. The first NCWA conference was held in Melbourne in November 1932 with May Moss as President, after the establishment of the NCWA in 1931. The NCWA had been envisaged as an umbrella organisation to speak to government with one voice on Federal issues on behalf of the women of Australia. I am proud to say we are still doing that today as we agree on our resolutions to take to the Federal Government, along with the outcomes from the conference. This Conference builds on the NCWA Mid Term Conference where we examined the root causes of violence against women and homelessness for older women. This Triennial Conference provides us with the opportunity to take that knowledge further and work towards finding solutions to these very vexed and intractable problems. NCWA is delighted to have some of Australia’s leading experts in the field at the Triennial Conference, including the Minister for Women, other Members of Federal Parliament and academics who will provoke and challenge our thinking. There is a mix of speakers, panels and a Q&A session to inform us. There are breaks where we have time to gather our thoughts and have table discussions about the issues and come forward with ideas for solutions to the problems.
    [Show full text]
  • An Ethnography of Health Promotion with Indigenous Australians in South East Queensland
    See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/292140373 "We don't tell people what to do": An ethnography of health promotion with Indigenous Australians in South East Queensland Thesis · December 2015 CITATIONS READS 0 36 1 author: Karen McPhail-Bell University of Sydney 25 PUBLICATIONS 14 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Available from: Karen McPhail-Bell Retrieved on: 25 October 2016 “We don’t tell people what to do” An ethnography of health promotion with Indigenous Australians in South East Queensland Karen McPhail-Bell Bachelor of Behavioural Science, Honours (Public Health) Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Public Health and Social Work Queensland University of Technology 2015 Key words Aboriginal, Aboriginal Medical Service, Australia, colonisation, community controlled health service, critical race theory, cultural interface, culture, ethnography, Facebook, government, health promotion, identity, Indigenous, Instagram, mainstream, policy, postcolonial theory, public health, relationship, self- determination, social media, Torres Strait Islander, Twitter, urban, YouTube. ii Abstract Australia is a world-leader in health promotion, consistently ranking in the best performing group of countries for healthy life expectancy and health expenditure per person. However, these successes have largely failed to translate into Indigenous health outcomes. Given the continued dominance of a colonial imagination, little research exists that values Indigenous perspectives, knowledges and practice in health promotion. This thesis contributes to addressing this knowledge gap. An ethnographic study of health promotion practice was undertaken within an Indigenous-led health promotion team, to learn how practitioners negotiated tensions of daily practice.
    [Show full text]
  • General Index
    SCIENCE & SOCIETY GENERAL INDEX VOLUMESI-XXV (1936�1961) Part I: Author, Subject and Title Part II: Books Reviewed SCIENCE & SOCIETY, INC. New York 1965 Copyright © 1965 by Science and Society, Inc. 30 East 20th Street, New York, N.Y. 10003 All Rights Reserved Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 40-10163 �341 PREFACE The editors of Science & Society believe that this index to its contents during the first twenty-five years of publication deserves the uncustomary tribute of an editorial note, since it serves to remind us that Science & Society is theoldest publication extant devoted to the theory of Marxism. Indeed, with the single exception of that monument to German scholar­ ship, Die Neue Zeit (1883-1923), it is the longest-lived Marxist theoretical journal in the world, and this despite the enormous difficulties under which Science & Society has always been published. The editors, therefore, take this opportunity to reaffirm their inten­ tion of making Science & Society a forum for the best Marxist scholarship, and their hope that the preface to some future edition of its index will no longer need to note the exception of Die N eue Zeit. We think that those who, using this index, rediscover the great variety of subjects treated and the quality of critical scholarship represented, will agree with us that it is a bibliographic tool of real value to all scholars, but truly invaluable to Marxists. Finally, the editors of Science & Society wish to express their deep gratitude to the Louis M. Rabinowitz Foundation whose generous grant made the publication of this index possible.
    [Show full text]
  • Redfern Activist Calls for Climate Justice
    Carriage Return Works – of the the future Laneway uncertain Festival The Review St Jerome’s – 2009 Page 15 The Review Page 17 NUMBER SIXTY-EIGHT FEBRUARY ’09 CIRCULATION 22,000 ALEXANDRIA BEACONSFIELD CHIPPENDALE DARLINGTON ERSKINEVILLE GLEBE KINGS CROSS NEWTOWN REDFERN SURRY HILLS WATERLOO WOOLLOOMOOLOO ZETLAND Redfern activist calls for climate justice Protesters outside Tanya Plibersek’s office in Surry Hills Photo: Supplied Emissions reduction target “not nearly good enough” Flint Duxfield Newtown branch. But Chippendale resident and member A string of protests took place of the Sydney Greens, James Diak, who across the inner city last month as attended the protests at the Federal Sydneysiders voiced their opposition Government’s Phillip Street offices, to the Federal Government’s disagreed: “In terms of carbon dioxide announcement of a 2020 emissions concentration, 450 parts per million reduction target of five per cent. (ppm) is really the maximum ceiling for safety, and a five per cent agreement Local residents and environmentalists would push us to over 650ppm which is chanted, “We didn’t vote for five per not just dangerous climate change but cent” outside the offices of Labor devastating climate change.” MPs Tanya Plibersek and Peter Garrett Similar protests were witnessed and the Government’s Phillip Street outside the Botany office of Peter offices. Garrett where protestors dressed as sea Lindsay Soutar of Climate Action creatures theatrically depicted the death Newtown (which organised the “step of the Great Barrier Reef. in” at Ms Plibersek’s office with the Federal Opposition Leader Malcolm Balmain-Rozelle Climate Group) said Turnbull was also targeted by the Patricia Corowa ponders the future of the Pacific Photo: Ali Blogg many people thought the Government community protests with around had let them down.
    [Show full text]
  • Socialism and the ALP Left
    John Sendy Socialism and the ALP Left THE FEDERAL TAKE-OVER of the Victorian Labor Party, inspired by rightwing policies, ruling class desires and the ambi­ tions of attaining electoral victory at any cost, has proved a grand failure, irrespective of what occurs in the next weeks. The interventionists had a completely unreal estimate of the situation in Victoria and have proved quite unequal to the job undertaken. They in no way realised the depth of support for Hartley, Hogg and their colleagues. Estimating that Hartley, Hogg & Co. would have only a handful of supporters faced with strong-arm tactics, they to a large degree were paralysed by the strength and full-blooded nature of the opposition and defiance which they confronted from a membership sickened by the traditional parliamentary antics of a Whitlam and the hare­ brained, opportunist, power-game manoeuvrings of a Cameron. The idea of reforming the ALP to enhance its 1972 electoral prospects by eliminating “the madmen of Victoria” in exchange for some curbing of the rightwing dominance in NSW was swal­ lowed readily by sundry opportunistic, unprincipled “left wingers" in NSW and Victoria obsessed with positions and “power” and with achieving the “advance” of electing a Labor Government under Whitlam. The “Mad Hatters tea party” of Broken Hill was fol­ lowed by the circus-style orgy of the Travel Lodge Motel in the John Sendy is Victorian Secretary of the Communist Party. This article was written in mid-January. 2 AUSTRALIAN LEFT REVIEW— MARCH, 1971 full glare of television cameras and the shoddy backroom dealings of the dimly lit Chinese cafes of Sydney.
    [Show full text]
  • Home As Archive - Event Transcript
    Home As Archive - Event Transcript Event begins Title Slide: Pink background with white text that reads “Home as Archive: Presented in collaboration with Essex Book Festival & Metals Culture, Southend. EWF logo and festival dates are in the lower right corner” Video One: Katerina Bryant Welcome to Home as Archive. My name is Katerina and I will be a host and artist this evening. To begin, I would like to acknowledge the first nations and Traditional Owners of the land we are broadcasting from – I am currently on Kaurna land, where I live and write. I pay my respects to Elders past and present, and, as this is an online recording whose reach is far, to the Elders of the lands this recording might reach. For this event, we will be discussing home, spaces and histories. This is part of the wonderful EWF and is presented in collaboration with Essex Book Festival & Metal Culture, Southend. Tonight, we will be witnessing work by artists working between so-called Australia and Essex, England. They will be sharing artefacts from the archives of their personal histories. I anticipate there will be an intimacy tonight as we will be peering into these artists’ homes. Where we live and, who and what we share those spaces with, is intimate and vulnerable. In some ways the past year has allowed us to peer into each other’s homes over Zoom, but in others it has separated us from sharing space with people we cherish. I’d love to frame tonight as not only a look into these artist’s homes and lives but the creation of our own archive – capturing this moment through place and objects.
    [Show full text]
  • 1. the Heritage of Modern Socialist Ideas
    Section XVI: Developments in Socialism, Contemporary Civilization (Ideas and Institutions 1848-1914 of Western Man) 1958 1. The eH ritage of Modern Socialist Ideas Robert L. Bloom Gettysburg College Basil L. Crapster Gettysburg College Harold L. Dunkelberger Gettysburg College See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/contemporary_sec16 Part of the Models and Methods Commons, and the Sociology Commons Share feedback about the accessibility of this item. Bloom, Robert L. et al. "1. The eH ritage of Modern Socialist Ideas. Pt. XVI: Developments in Socialism, (1848-1914)." Ideas and Institutions of Western Man (Gettysburg College, 1958), 2-6. This is the publisher's version of the work. This publication appears in Gettysburg College's institutional repository by permission of the copyright owner for personal use, not for redistribution. Cupola permanent link: https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/ contemporary_sec16/2 This open access book chapter is brought to you by The uC pola: Scholarship at Gettysburg College. It has been accepted for inclusion by an authorized administrator of The uC pola. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 1. The eH ritage of Modern Socialist Ideas Abstract Of the total heritage which gave birth to modern socialism, brief attention may be given to certain of the predecessors of Karl Marx. Although some now are saved from obscurity only by the diligence of interested historians, others generated powerful ideas still not extinguished today. Together they created an amorphous body of thought from which Marx freelv drew. Consequently, an understanding of the varieties of later socialism, and specifically of Marx, requires a brief survey of these men.
    [Show full text]
  • Aboriginal Art - Resistance and Dialogue
    University of New South Wales College of Fine Arts School of Art Theory ABORIGINAL ART - RESISTANCE AND DIALOGUE The Political Nature and Agency of Aboriginal Art A thesis submitted by Lee-Anne Hall in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Art Theory CFATH709.94/HAL/l Ill' THE lJNIVERSllY OF NEW SOUTH WALES COLLEGE OF FINE ARTS Thesis/Project Report Sheet Surnune or Funily .nune· .. HALL .......................................................................................................................................................-....... -............ · · .... U · · MA (TH' rn ....................................... AbbFinlname: . ·......... ' ....d ........... LEE:::ANNE ......................lend.............. ................. Oher name/1: ..... .DEBaaAH. ....................................- ........................ -....................... .. ,CVlalJOn, or C&ltltal &1YCOIn '"" NVCfllt)'ca It:.... ..................... ( ............................................ School:. .. ART-����I��· ...THEORY ....... ...............................··N:t�;;�?A�c·���JlacjTn·ar··................................... Faculty: ... COLLEGE ... OF. ...·Xr"t F.J:blll:...................... .AR'J: ..................... .........................-........................ n,1e:........ .................... •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• .. •••••• .. •••••••••••••••••••••••••• .. •• • .. ••••• .. ••••••••••• ..••••••• .................... H ................................................................ -000000000000••o00000000
    [Show full text]