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Appendix I Lunar and Martian Nomenclature
APPENDIX I LUNAR AND MARTIAN NOMENCLATURE LUNAR AND MARTIAN NOMENCLATURE A large number of names of craters and other features on the Moon and Mars, were accepted by the IAU General Assemblies X (Moscow, 1958), XI (Berkeley, 1961), XII (Hamburg, 1964), XIV (Brighton, 1970), and XV (Sydney, 1973). The names were suggested by the appropriate IAU Commissions (16 and 17). In particular the Lunar names accepted at the XIVth and XVth General Assemblies were recommended by the 'Working Group on Lunar Nomenclature' under the Chairmanship of Dr D. H. Menzel. The Martian names were suggested by the 'Working Group on Martian Nomenclature' under the Chairmanship of Dr G. de Vaucouleurs. At the XVth General Assembly a new 'Working Group on Planetary System Nomenclature' was formed (Chairman: Dr P. M. Millman) comprising various Task Groups, one for each particular subject. For further references see: [AU Trans. X, 259-263, 1960; XIB, 236-238, 1962; Xlffi, 203-204, 1966; xnffi, 99-105, 1968; XIVB, 63, 129, 139, 1971; Space Sci. Rev. 12, 136-186, 1971. Because at the recent General Assemblies some small changes, or corrections, were made, the complete list of Lunar and Martian Topographic Features is published here. Table 1 Lunar Craters Abbe 58S,174E Balboa 19N,83W Abbot 6N,55E Baldet 54S, 151W Abel 34S,85E Balmer 20S,70E Abul Wafa 2N,ll7E Banachiewicz 5N,80E Adams 32S,69E Banting 26N,16E Aitken 17S,173E Barbier 248, 158E AI-Biruni 18N,93E Barnard 30S,86E Alden 24S, lllE Barringer 29S,151W Aldrin I.4N,22.1E Bartels 24N,90W Alekhin 68S,131W Becquerei -
Across a Threshold Study A-Broadened Stand-Up Guy Tim Mania
Study a-broadened Stand-up guy Tim mania Wake For e st M A G A Z I N E Across a threshold Divinity School doors are open at last. Page 18 Volume 47, Number 1 September 1999 Editor: David Fyten Associate Editor: Cherin C. Poovey Art Director: Samantha H.E. Hand Designer: David Ureña, M Creative, Inc. Assistant Editors: Kim McGrath, Christine Underwood University Advancement Writer: Kerry M. King (’85) University Photographer: Ken Bennett Printing: The Lane Press, Inc. Wake Forest Magazine (USPS 664-520 ISSN 0279-3946) is published four times a year in September, December, March, and June by the University Editor’s Office, Wake Forest University, 1834 Wake Forest Road, Winston-Salem, NC 27109-7205. It is sent to alumni, donors, and friends of the University. Periodicals postage paid at Winston-Salem, NC 27109, and additional mailing offices. Send letters to the editor ([email protected]), classnotes ([email protected]), change of address ([email protected]), and other correspondence to the e-mail addresses listed or to Wake Forest Magazine, P.O. Box 7205 Reynolda Station, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109-7205. Telephone: (336) 758-5379. You can access the Wake Forest World Wide Web site at http://www.wfu.edu POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Wake Forest Magazine Alumni Records, P.O. Box 7227 Reynolda Station, Winston-Salem, NC 27109-7227. Volume 47, Number 1 Copyright 1999 Wake For e st M A G A Z I N E Features 12 World Wide by Ellen Dockham A task force recommends broaden- ing Wake Forest’s already expansive study-abroad program. -
Solar Insolation Effect on the Local Distribution of Lunar Hydroxyl
Research Paper J. Astron. Space Sci. 35(1), 47-54 (2018) https://doi.org/10.5140/JASS.2018.35.1.47 Solar Insolation Effect on the Local Distribution of Lunar Hydroxyl Suyeon Kim1, Yu Yi1†, Ik-Seon Hong1,2, Jongdae Sohn2 1Department of Astronomy, Space Science and Geology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea 2Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, Daejeon 34055, Korea Moon mineralogy mapper (M3)'s work proved that the moon is not completely dry but has some hydroxyl/water. M3’s data confirmed that the amount of hydroxyl on the lunar surface is inversely related to the measured signal brightness, suggesting the lunar surface is sensitive to temperature by solar insolation. We tested the effect of solar insolation on the local distribution of hydroxyl by using M3 data, and we found that most craters had more hydroxyl in shade areas than in sunlit areas. This means that the local distribution of hydroxyl is absolutely influenced by the amount of sunshine. We investigated the factors affecting differences in hydroxyl; we found that the higher the latitude, the larger the difference during daytime. We also measured the pyroxene content and found that pyroxene affects the amount of hydroxyl, but it does not affect the difference in hydroxyl between sunlit and shaded areas. Therefore, we confirmed that solar insolation plays a significant role in the local distribution of hydroxyl, regardless of surface composition. Keywords: lunar hydroxyl distribution, lunar crater, solar insolation 1. INTRODUCTION the absorption features of hydrous components in all regions of the Moon, not only in the polar regions (Clark 2009; Pieters For a long time many people assumed the Moon has no et al. -
Thedatabook.Pdf
THE DATA BOOK OF ASTRONOMY Also available from Institute of Physics Publishing The Wandering Astronomer Patrick Moore The Photographic Atlas of the Stars H. J. P. Arnold, Paul Doherty and Patrick Moore THE DATA BOOK OF ASTRONOMY P ATRICK M OORE I NSTITUTE O F P HYSICS P UBLISHING B RISTOL A ND P HILADELPHIA c IOP Publishing Ltd 2000 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Multiple copying is permitted in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency under the terms of its agreement with the Committee of Vice-Chancellors and Principals. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN 0 7503 0620 3 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data are available Publisher: Nicki Dennis Production Editor: Simon Laurenson Production Control: Sarah Plenty Cover Design: Kevin Lowry Marketing Executive: Colin Fenton Published by Institute of Physics Publishing, wholly owned by The Institute of Physics, London Institute of Physics Publishing, Dirac House, Temple Back, Bristol BS1 6BE, UK US Office: Institute of Physics Publishing, The Public Ledger Building, Suite 1035, 150 South Independence Mall West, Philadelphia, PA 19106, USA Printed in the UK by Bookcraft, Midsomer Norton, Somerset CONTENTS FOREWORD vii 1 THE SOLAR SYSTEM 1 -
Number of Near-Earth Objects and Formation of Lunar Craters Over the Last Billion Years
Number of Near-Earth Objects and Formation of Lunar Craters over the Last Billion Years S. I. Ipatova, *, E. A. Feoktistovab, and V. V. Svettsovc aVernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991 Russia bSternberg Astronomical Institute, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992 Russia cInstitute of Geosphere Dynamics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334 Russia *е-mail: [email protected] Received June 13, 2019; revised March 6, 2020; accepted March 18, 2020 Solar System Research, 2020, Vol. 54, No. 5, pp. 384–404. Abstract—We compare the number of lunar craters larger than 15 km across and younger than 1.1 Ga to the estimates of the number of craters that could have been formed for 1.1 Ga if the number of near-Earth objects and their orbital elements during that time were close to the corresponding current values. The comparison was performed for craters over the entire lunar surface and in the region of the Oceanus Procellarum and maria on the near side of the Moon. In these estimates, we used the values of collision probabilities of near- Earth objects with the Moon and the dependences of the crater diameters on the impactor sizes. According to the estimates made by different authors, the number density of known Copernican craters with diameters D≥15 km in mare regions is at least double the corresponding number for the remaining lunar surface. Our estimates do not contradict the growth in the number of near-Earth objects after probable catastrophic fragmentations of large main-belt asteroids, which may have occurred over the recent 300 Ma; however, they do not prove this increase. -
Lunar 1000 Challenge List
LUNAR 1000 CHALLENGE A B C D E F G H I LUNAR PROGRAM BOOKLET LOG 1 LUNAR OBJECT LAT LONG OBJECTIVE RUKL DATE VIEWED BOOK PAGE NOTES 2 Abbot 5.6 54.8 37 3 Abel -34.6 85.8 69, IV Libration object 4 Abenezra -21.0 11.9 55 56 5 Abetti 19.9 27.7 24 6 Abulfeda -13.8 13.9 54 45 7 Acosta -5.6 60.1 49 8 Adams -31.9 68.2 69 9 Aepinus 88.0 -109.7 Libration object 10 Agatharchides -19.8 -30.9 113 52 11 Agrippa 4.1 10.5 61 34 12 Airy -18.1 5.7 63 55, 56 13 Al-Bakri 14.3 20.2 35 14 Albategnius -11.2 4.1 66 44, 45 15 Al-Biruni 17.9 92.5 III Libration object 16 Aldrin 1.4 22.1 44 35 17 Alexander 40.3 13.5 13 18 Alfraganus -5.4 19.0 46 19 Alhazen 15.9 71.8 27 20 Aliacensis -30.6 5.2 67 55, 65 21 Almanon -16.8 15.2 55 56 22 Al-Marrakushi -10.4 55.8 48 23 Alpetragius -16.0 -4.5 74 55 24 Alphonsus -13.4 -2.8 75 44, 55 25 Ameghino 3.3 57.0 38 26 Ammonius -8.5 -0.8 75 44 27 Amontons -5.3 46.8 48 28 Amundsen -84.5 82.8 73, 74, V Libration object 29 Anaxagoras 73.4 -10.1 76 4 30 Anaximander 66.9 -51.3 2 31 Anaximenes 72.5 -44.5 3 32 Andel -10.4 12.4 45 33 Andersson -49.7 -95.3 VI Libration object 34 Angstrom 29.9 -41.6 19 35 Ansgarius -12.7 79.7 49, IV Libration object 36 Anuchin -49.0 101.3 V Libration object 37 Anville 1.9 49.5 37 38 Apianus -26.9 7.9 55 56 39 Apollonius 4.5 61.1 2 38 40 Arago 6.2 21.4 44 35 41 Aratus 23.6 4.5 22 42 Archimedes 29.7 -4.0 78 22, 12 43 Archytas 58.7 5.0 76 4 44 Argelander -16.5 5.8 63 56 45 Ariadaeus 4.6 17.3 35 46 Aristarchus 23.7 -47.4 122 18 47 Aristillus 33.9 1.2 69 12 48 Aristoteles 50.2 17.4 48 5 49 Armstrong 1.4 25.0 44 -
JULES VERNE Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas
JULES VERNE Twenty Thousand Leagues under the Seas Translated with an Introduction and Notes by WILLIAM BUTCHER 1 ‘I am going to sink it.' ‘You will not!' ‘I will,’ he coldly replied. ‘Do not take it on yourself to judge me, monsieur.’ French naturalist Dr Aronnax embarks on an expedition to hunt down a sea monster, but discovers instead the Nautilus, a self-contained world built by its enigmatic captain. To- gether Nemo and Aronnax explore the underwater marvels of the globe, undergo a transcen- dent experience in the ruins of Atlantis, and plant a black flag at the South Pole. But Nemo’s mission is finally revealed to be one of revenge—and his methods coldly efficient. Verne’s classic novel has left a profound mark on the twentieth century. Its themes are universal, its style alternately humorous and grandiose, its construction masterly. This new and unabridged translation by the father of Verne studies brilliantly conveys the range of this seminal work. The volume also contains unpublished information about the novel’s genesis. ‘by far the best translations/critical editions available . known internationally as a topnotch scholar’ Science-Fiction Studies 2 OXFORD WORLD’S CLASSICS TWENTY THOUSAND LEAGUES UNDER THE SEAS Jules Verne was born in Nantes in 1828, the eldest of five children in a prosperous family of French, Breton, and Scottish extraction. His early years were happy apart from an unfulfilled passion for his cousin Caroline. Literature always attracted him and while taking a law degree in Paris he wrote a number of plays. His first two books, entitled Journey to Scot- land and Paris in the Twentieth Century, were not published in his lifetime. -
My Attainment of the Pole
My Attainment Of The Pole By Frederick A. Cook My Attainment Of The Pole I. THE POLAR FIGHT On April 21, 1908, I reached a spot on the silver-shining desert of boreal ice whereat a wild wave of joy filled my heart. I can remember the scene distinctly—it will remain one of those comparatively few mental pictures which are photographed with a terribly vivid distinctness of detail, because of their emotional effect, during everyone's existence, and which reassert themselves in the brain like lightning flashes in stresses of intense emotion, in dreams, in the delirium of sickness, and possibly in the hour of death. I can see the sun lying low above the horizon, which glittered here and there in shafts of light like the tip of a long, circular, silver blade. The globe of fire, veiled occasionally by purplish, silver-shot mists, was tinged with a faint, burning lilac. Through opening cracks in the constantly moving field of ice, cold strata of air rose, deflecting the sun's rays in every direction, and changing the vision of distant ice irregularities with a deceptive perspective, as an oar blade seen in the depth of still water. Huge phantom-shapes took form about me; they were nebulous, their color purplish. About the horizon moved what my imagination pictured as the ghosts of dead armies—strange, gigantic, wraith-like shapes whose heads rose above the horizon as the heads of a giant army appearing over the summits of a far-away mountain. They moved forward, retreated, diminished in size, and titanically reappeared again. -
February 2020 in This Issue
A publication of the Lunar Section of ALPO Edited by David Teske: [email protected] 2162 Enon Road, Louisville, Mississippi, USA Recent back issues: http://moon.scopesandscapes.com/tlo_back.html February 2020 In This Issue Lunar Calendar January 2020 2 Lunar Libration January 2020 2 An Invitation to Join ALPO 2 Observations Received 3 Submission Through the ALPO Image Achieve 4 When Submitting Observations to the ALPO Lunar Section 5 Call For Observations Focus-On Tycho and Herodotus 5 Galle, R. Hayes Jr. 6 The Nöggerath Family, A. Anunziato 7 Clausius, R. Hayes Jr. 8 Is Bliss a Banded Crater?, A. Anunziato and F. A. Cardinalli 9 Lunar Domes Near Maraldi D, R. Lena, M. Teodorescu and J. Phillips 13 Hesiodus/Pitatus Light Cone, H. Eskildsen 23 Bullialdus and Surroundings, D. Teske 27 Basin Transition, H. Eskildsen 29 A Mid-Morning Landscape, R. Hill 30 Rimae Sirsalis, H. Eskildsen 31 Asperitatis Daybreak, R. Hill 32 Birt Domes and Region, H. Eskildsen 33 Wonderful Things to See, R. Hill 34 Goodnight to the Lake of Death, R. Hill 35 Recent Topographic Studies 36 Lunar Geologic Change Detection Program T. Cook 60 Key to Images in this Issue 69 Thank you for reading the February 2020 issue of The Lunar Observer. Before telling what is in this issue, look at who is in this issue. Contributions were received from 22 observers in 7 countries! I am thrilled that we are reaching that many lunar observers. In this issue you will find articles about the craters Galle and Clausius by Robert Hayes Jr., the crater Nöggerath by Alberto Anunziato, lunar domes in the Maraldi D region by Raffaello Lena, Maximilian Teodorescu and Jim Phillips, a discussion of whether Bliss, (formally Plato A) is a banded crater by Alberto Anunziato and Francisco A. -
Journal of the Association of Lunar & Planetary Observers
ISSN-0039-2502 Journal of the Association of Lunar & Planetary Observers The Strolling Astronomer Volume 48, Number 4, Autumn 2006 Now in Portable Document Format (PDF) for Macintosh and PC-Compatible Computers Inside. • Mercury crosses the Sun (and lives to tell about it!) • Enigmatic lunar craters — learn all about ‘em!! • Apparition reports on Venus & the Remote Planets • ALPO Conference 2006 Door Prize donors . plus reports about your ALPO section activities and much, much more Mercury transit as seen on May 7, 2003, by Kacper Wierzchos at Lerida, Spain, using a Meade ETX90EC (90-millimeter Meade ETX Maksutov-Cas- segrain) equipped with a Philps ToUcam; software processing done via K3CCD tools; image stacking by Registax. Animation of this image available at http://www.weasner.com/etx/guests/2003/mercury-transit.html ADVANCED TELESCOPE SYSTEMS APOGEE INSTRUMENTS V ASTRO-PHYSICS BOGEN V BORG V BUSHNELLV CANON CELESTRON V CORONADO V CYANOGEN DISCOVERY DOBS V FLI V FUJINON VJMI KENDRICK VLEICA V LOSMANDY VLUMICON MEADE V NIKON V OGS V OPTEC PARALLAX VPENTAX VQUESTAR RC OPTICAL SYSTEMS V SBIG VSIRIUS OPTICS SOFTWARE BISQUE V STELLARVUE SWAROVSKI V TAKAHASHI V TEC You'll take pride in owning Takahashi's TSA-102S. TELEGIZMOS VTELE VUE This Takahashi 102mm triplet apochromat is an engineering UNIVERSAL ASTRONOMICS VVIXEN tour de force that delivers extreme performance for visual WIDE SKY OPTICS VWILLIAM OPTICSV ZEISS use and astrophotography. Takahashi's legendary optics render extraordinary sharpeness, contrast, and color correction. And The Anacortes Difference its large focuser easily accommodates heavy CCD cameras, bino viewers, and digital SLRs. It's even airline portable! This We are thoroughly committed to providing the is one telescope that you'll likely keep forever. -
How a Plastic Model of the Moon Was Made
--a"1 ---ZFT ----'wo -sy-" --;- '0-; ms"crz ;v-ac' ""m7�- -'tnT�r-z wz'rs3a�zt� G 68 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT No. 2013 August 1, 1914 ' The moon, 8 Yz days old, as seen First quarter, as seen on the Last quarter, as seen on the sculp The moon, 20 Yz days old, as seen through the telescope. sculptured moon. tured model. through the teles�ope. How a Plastic Model of the Moon Was Made The Hemisphere of the Moon Constructed After Telescopic Photographs By Herbert Collier AFTER some years of telescopic observation with a blurry confusion in the fierce light of overhead rays. In undertook the systematic photographing of the moon. A Brashear telescope I determined to undertake the task such a moving picture there is a peculiar fascination. unique telescope was designed, and elaborate plans and of sculpturing the moon, mainly for the, purpose of at A new panorama presents itself each night to the watch specifications made for this remarkable undertaking. taining greater familiarity personally with every detail ful eye. To see it all is impossible, as the moon is in The instrument was an ingenious combination of a huge of the surface. the visible sky for but a few hours comparatively, and object-glass or light collector nearly two feet in diam When you consider that the artist's model was some nightly vigils with the telescope are sure to be inter eter and mirrors. Equatorially mounted and�driven by 240,000 miles away and had gained a reputation rupted frequently by cloudy weather or bad atmos clockwork, the refracting lens faithfully followed the through the ages of being "fickle," some of the difficul pheric conditions. -
PHOTOMETRY Selenology Today#2
EDITORIAL Selenology Today#2 Many thanks for the positive comments sent to us by our readers, amateurs and professional scientists, for the first issue of Selenology Today. The primary goal of Selenology Today is to promote serious lunar research among dedicated amateur astronomers who are interested in observing and imaging the surface of the Moon as well as in its geologic history and the processes that formed its surface. In this scenario, a new opportunity is the impact of ESA's Smart-1. With a predicted date of September 03, the spacecraft will slam into the lunar surface in a dramatic culmination of its 18 month orbit around the Moon. The spacecraft is expected to crash onto the Moon's near side in Lacus Excellentiae, 10° south of Mare Humorum; the exact location and date will be refined closer to the date. It is likely that the impact flash and its plume of ejected material will be bright enough to be visible through amateur telescopes for a short period. However, the Moon will be well south of the ecliptic in the low constellation of Sagittarius on the date of impact, at least for Europe. Technical adjustments of the probe will be executed from the 26th of June until the beginning of August. Only after this date, a better estimate of the date of impact will be available, now calculated to occur on September 03 at 2:00 UT with +/- 7 hours uncertainty. In this impact project, as in many other astronomical international campaigns, the effective participation of amateur astronomers will be of high importance.