Mobilizing Social Capital: a Qualitative and Network Analysis of Human Service Organizations

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Mobilizing Social Capital: a Qualitative and Network Analysis of Human Service Organizations University of Northern Colorado Scholarship & Creative Works @ Digital UNC Master's Theses Student Research 5-2018 Mobilizing Social Capital: A Qualitative and Network Analysis of Human Service Organizations Ethan Christian Adams Follow this and additional works at: https://digscholarship.unco.edu/theses Recommended Citation Adams, Ethan Christian, "Mobilizing Social Capital: A Qualitative and Network Analysis of Human Service Organizations" (2018). Master's Theses. 59. https://digscholarship.unco.edu/theses/59 This Text is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Research at Scholarship & Creative Works @ Digital UNC. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of Scholarship & Creative Works @ Digital UNC. For more information, please contact [email protected]. © 2018 Ethan Christian Adams All Rights Reserved UNIVERSITY OF NORTHERN COLORADO Greeley, Colorado The Graduate School MOBILIZING SOCIAL CAPITAL: A QUALITATIVE AND NETWORK ANALYSIS OF HUMAN SERVICE ORGANIZATIONS A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts Ethan Christian Adams Humanities and Social Sciences Sociology May 2018 This Thesis by: Ethan Christian Adams Entitled: Mobilizing Social Capital: A Qualitative and Network Analysis of Human Service Organizations has been approved as meeting the requirement for the Degree of Master of Arts in College of Humanities and Social Sciences in Department Sociology Accepted by the Thesis Committee: _______________________________________________________ Andrew Prelog, Ph.D., Chair _______________________________________________________ Josh Packard, Ph.D., Committee Member Accepted by the Graduate School _____________________________________________________________ Linda L. Black, Ed.D. Associate Provost and Dean Graduate School and International Admissions ABSTRACT Adams, Ethan. Mobilizing Social Capital: A Qualitative and Network Analysis of Human Service Organizations. Unpublished Master of Arts thesis, University of Northern Colorado, 2018. Poverty and homelessness is a social problem that impacts all communities in the U.S. and globally. Social programs that address these issues often focus on mobilizing resources to provide opportunities to increase the social position of their clients and meet their basic needs. Sociological research into this problem, however, has emphasized the influence of social connections in the experiences of individuals in poverty. Social capital is the conceptual representation of actual or potential resources obtained through social network connections. Existing literature regarding social capital has demonstrated that social connections are a critical aspect of human social experience and the ability to overcome obstacles and obtain opportunities for upward social mobility, which may provide an opportunity for individuals to escape poverty. However, much of the literature connecting social capital to homelessness has been directed towards examining the social connections of individuals, and therefore, neglects an analysis of the mobilization of social capital in service organizations. This research addresses this lacuna by examining organizational practices and social network structures in a sample of homeless service providers. The purpose of this study was to analyze the practices of human service organizations that promote the development and utilization of their social network connections. This research thus provides a descriptive review of how organizations mobilize social capital in their community to the benefit of their clients. iii To frame the analysis, I use sociological theories on social capital, resource mobilization, and social networks to investigate the question of how human service organizations leverage their social connections to the benefit of their clients. To investigate this question, I use a thematic analysis of 10 qualitative interviews, with a sample of organizational leaders from 7 organizations, and a sociometric analysis of the network connections between 83 organizations in the sample’s community. The results demonstrate that the organizations use practices that employ social capital to: a) mobilize collective community resources, b) develop trust and reciprocity between providers and clients, c) produce social solidarity between clients and the community, and d) develop social ties that provide social support and opportunities for upward mobility. The findings provide an outline for identifying social capital in organizations, which can be used in future research to evaluate the effectiveness of mobilizing social capital for individuals experiencing periods of poverty and homelessness. Additionally, the results review the challenges and potential benefits of developing organizational networks. This research contributes to sociological theory and academic literature by offering evidence of social capital in connections between entities other than individuals. In conclusion, this study informs social policy and encourages organizations to act as members of a connected network, as opposed to acting as individual service providers. iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This thesis would not have been possible without the support of the people who surround me. Throughout my educational career, there have been certain individuals who have given me the resources to succeed through encouragement, recognition of my potential, and by giving me the knowledge of opportunities and resources. First, I would like to thank my wife, Kim, for her years of support. She encouraged me to continue my education at every level and has supported me throughout my graduate studies. Second, I would like to thank the faculty and professors in the Sociology Department at the University of Northern Colorado for their guidance in and out of the classroom. Specifically, Dr. Harmony Newman, who guided me through the early stages of the research design and Dr. Josh Packard, who provided constructive advice about the conclusions and value of the results. Finally, my gratitude towards Dr. Andrew Prelog, for his guidance as my committee chair, cannot be expressed enough. Throughout the process, he has acted as a counselor and has dedicated an overwhelming amount of time and energy to my success, but most importantly he has served as my mentor and as a close friend who I will always hold in the highest regard. v TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION....................................................................................... 1 RATIONALE FOR STUDY........................................................................ 3 RESEARCH QUESTIONS......................................................................... 4 OUTLINE OF THE THESIS....................................................................... 5 II. BACKGROUND AND THEORETCAL PERSPECTIVES....................... 7 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK............................................................... 7 Pierre Bourdieu: Habitus, Field, and Disposition........................... 7 James Coleman................................................................................ 14 Robert Putnam and Xavier de Souza Briggs.................................... 19 Summary of Social Capital............................................................... 21 Mark Granovetter: Social Networks and Mobilization.................... 23 The Limits of Social Capital............................................................. 27 BACKGROUND......................................................................................... 30 The State of Research on Homelessness.......................................... 30 Homelessness as a Public Issue....................................................... 33 Social Capital and Organizations.................................................... 34 Identifying the Gap in the Literature............................................... 36 CONCLUDING REMARKS AND SUMMARY....................................... 37 III. METHODS.................................................................................................. 38 RESEARCH DESIGN................................................................................. 38 RESEARCH SITES AND PARTICIPANT SELECTION.......................... 40 DATA COLLECTION PROCESS.............................................................. 47 DATA ANALYSIS PROCESS................................................................... 47 Coding and Thematic Analysis......................................................... 47 Network Analysis.............................................................................. 48 CREDIBILITY AND TRANSFERABILITY............................................. 50 INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW BOARD........................................................ 51 THE ROLE AND BACKGROUND OF THE RESEARCHER.................. 52 CONCLUDING REMARKS AND SUMMARY....................................... 53 vi IV. ANALYSIS AND RESULTS...................................................................... 54 OVERVIEW................................................................................................ 54 SOCIAL CAPITAL..................................................................................... 56 Bourdieu........................................................................................... 56 Coleman........................................................................................... 61 Briggs and Putnam..........................................................................
Recommended publications
  • Resource Mobilization: Methodological Guidelines
    Resource Mobilization: Methodological Guidelines Mukesh Chawla Research Associate Data for Decision Making Project Department of Population and International Health Harvard School of Public Health Peter Berman Associate Professor of International Health Economics Department of Population and International Health Harvard School of Public Health August 1996 Data for Decision Making Project Table of Contents Acknowledgements ....................................................................................... 1 1. Introduction ........................................................................................... 2 2. Strategies for Resource Mobilization ........................................................ 5 3. Tax Revenues ......................................................................................... 8 4. User Charges ........................................................................................ 11 Design and Implementation of User Fees ....................................................... 12 Impact of User Fees on the Health System .................................................... 16 5. Health Insurance .................................................................................. 24 Design and Implementation of Insurance System ............................................ 27 Impact of Insurance on the Health System .................................................... 32 6. Guidelines for the DDM/HHRAA Field Case Studies ................................. 37 Objectives ...............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Resource Mobilization Among Informal Entrepreneurs
    Doctoral Thesis Resource Mobilization among Informal Entrepreneurs A Case of Event Planning Industry of Pakistan Khizran Zehra Jönköping University Jönköping International Business School JIBS Dissertation Series No. 128 Doctoral Thesis in Business Administration Resource Mobilization among Informal Entrepreneurs: A Case of Event Planning Industry of Pakistan JIBS Dissertation Series No. 128 © 2018 Khizran Zehra and Jönköping International Business School Publisher: Jönköping International Business School P.O. Box 1026 SE-551 11 Jönköping Tel.: +46 36 10 10 00 www.ju.se Printed by Brand Factory AB 2018 ISSN 1403-0470 ISBN 978-91-86345-90-7 2 (Be truthful, no matter what. Your Lord and your mother's prayers are always with you… Shamim) This thesis is lovingly dedicated to an angel from God, my mother “Shamim Javed” -you inspire, you protect, you support, and you understand. This thesis is lovingly dedicated to my father “Javed Ashraf ”- you left us so soon but your integrity and hardwork will always guide me. 3 Acknowledgment First and above all, I praise God, the Almighty for giving me strength and capability to work on this thesis. Without His grace, mercifulness and blessings throughout my life, I could not achieve anything. The biggest thanks go to my supervisor, Mattias Nordqvist. Your feedback, guidance, immense knowledge and understanding always helped me. You have patiently supported me in this long and important journey of PhD. You are a dedicated supervisor and a kind human being. Thank you very much, I could not have imagined a better supervisor than you. Special thanks to Ethel Brundin. You are an inspiration to me.
    [Show full text]
  • The Sociology of Social Movements
    CHAPTER 2 The Sociology of Social Movements CHAPTER OBJECTIVES • Explain the important role of social movements in addressing social problems. • Describe the different types of social movements. • Identify the contrasting sociological explanations for the development and success of social movements. • Outline the stages of development and decline of social movements. • Explain how social movements can change society. 9781442221543_CH02.indd 25 05/02/19 10:10 AM 26 \ CHAPTER 2 AFTER EARNING A BS IN COMPUTER ENGINEERING from Cairo ­University and an MBA in marketing and finance from the American University of Egypt, Wael Ghonim became head of marketing for Google Middle East and North Africa. Although he had a career with Google, Ghonim’s aspiration was to liberate his country from Hosni Mubarak’s dictatorship and bring democracy to Egypt. Wael became a cyber activist and worked on prodemocracy websites. He created a Facebook page in 2010 called “We are all Khaled Said,” named after a young businessman who police dragged from an Internet café and beat to death after Said exposed police corruption online. Through the posting of videos, photos, and news stories, the Facebook page rapidly became one of Egypt’s most popular activist social media outlets, with hundreds of thousands of followers (BBC 2011, 2014; CBS News 2011). An uprising in nearby Tunisia began in December 2010 and forced out its corrupt leader on January 14, 2011. This inspired the thirty-year-old Ghonim to launch Egypt’s own revolution. He requested through the Facebook page that all of his followers tell as many people as possible to stage protests for democracy and against tyranny, corruption, torture, and unemployment on January 25, 2011.
    [Show full text]
  • Mobilizing in Black Boxes: Social Networks and Participation in Social Movement Organizations*
    MOBILIZING IN BLACK BOXES: SOCIAL NETWORKS AND PARTICIPATION IN SOCIAL MOVEMENT ORGANIZATIONS* James A. Kitts† Recent research has focused on the role of social networks in facilitating participation in protest and social movement organizations. This paper elaborates three currents of microstructural explanation, based on information, identity, and exchange. In assessing these perspectives, it compares their treatment of multivalence, the tendency for social ties to inhibit as well as promote participation. Considering two dimensions of multivalence—the value of the social tie and the direction of social pressure—this paper discusses problems of measurement and interpretation in network analysis of movement participation. A critical review suggests some directions for future research. In focusing on purposive action in organizations, resource mobilization theory (McCarthy and Zald 1977) invited decades of research on the role of social networks in shaping protest and social movement participation. Supplanting earlier collective behavior theories (Turner and Killian 1957), which explained insurgency as a result of idiosyncrasies or psychological drives, microstructuralists argue that the “pull” to activism through social networks (McAdam 1986: 65) may be more crucial to explaining participation than the “push” of attitudes, dispositions, or grievances. Most studies of social movement organizations now recognize that the structure of social interaction, including networks of friendship, family, and shared organizational memberships, may be important channels for movement participation. Indeed, the social network has proven to be an attractive concept across various domains of social movement theory. Qualitative research using case studies of movement campaigns (Cable 1993; Loveman 1998; Mueller 1997) or revolutionary mobilization (Goodwin 1997; Pfaff 1996) has often depicted the social network as a workshop where grievances, identities, and strategies of resistance are constructed.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study on the Sources of Resources and Capacity Building in Resource Mobilization: Case of Private Chartered Universities in Nakuru Town, Kenya
    Journal of International Education and Leadership Volume 3 Issue 2 Summer 2013 http://www.jielusa.org/ ISSN: 2161-7252 A Study on the Sources of Resources and Capacity Building in Resource Mobilization: Case of Private Chartered Universities in Nakuru Town, Kenya Simon Kibet Kipchumba Higher Educational Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University Egerton University, Nakuru, Kenya, Liu Zhimin Higher Educational Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University Robert Chelagat Kabarak University, Kenya The purpose of this study was to review and analyze the resources needs and sources of resources and level of training and capacity building in resource mobilization in Kenyan private chartered universities. The study employed a descriptive survey research design. Purposeful sampling technique was used to select 63 respondents (staff) from three private universities within Nakuru town. Data was collected by use of questionnaires, coded and analyzed descriptively by use of Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) computer program. Study findings showed that: training and capacity-building efforts on resource mobilization are yet to have a significant impact on resource mobilization efforts; students were the main source of resources for the private universities and tuition fees formed the bulk of the resources mobilized by private universities; regular awareness, training and capacity-building in resource mobilization among the staff; empowerment of university campuses in order to mobilize as many resources. Key words; Resource Mobilization, Resources, Fundraising, Capacity Building, Training, Financial Resources. In the recent past, many private universities have organizational overheads. There are many other been established in order to meet the huge needs to be met and if the required money is not demand for university education, which the raised somehow, an organization may come to a Public Universities have been unable to standstill (Simiyu, 2004).
    [Show full text]
  • Strengthening Domestic Resource Mobilization Junquera-Varela, Verhoeven, Shukla, Haven, Awasthi, and Moreno-Dodson
    Strengthening Domestic Resource Mobilization Domestic Resource Strengthening Junquera-Varela, Verhoeven, Shukla, Haven, Awasthi, and Moreno-Dodson Awasthi, Shukla, Haven, Verhoeven, Junquera-Varela, DIRECTIONS IN DEVELOPMENT Public Sector Governance Strengthening Domestic Resource Mobilization Moving from Theory to Practice in Low- and Middle-Income Countries Raul Felix Junquera-Varela, Marijn Verhoeven, Gangadhar P. Shukla, Bernard Haven, Rajul Awasthi, and Blanca Moreno-Dodson Strengthening Domestic Resource Mobilization DIRECTIONS IN DEVELOPMENT Public Sector Governance Strengthening Domestic Resource Mobilization Moving from Theory to Practice in Low- and Middle-Income Countries Raul Felix Junquera-Varela, Marijn Verhoeven, Gangadhar P. Shukla, Bernard Haven, Rajul Awasthi, and Blanca Moreno-Dodson © 2017 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.org Some rights reserved 1 2 3 4 20 19 18 17 This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpreta- tions, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Nothing herein shall constitute or be considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved.
    [Show full text]
  • Collective Action & Contentious Politics Outline
    COLLECTIVE ACTION & CONTENTIOUS POLITICS OUTLINE Tommaso Pavone ([email protected]) Spring 2015 CROWD THEORY • Crowds are transformative, suppressing individual rationality and engendering a collective “mental unity” forged by linking every participants unconscious mind • Crowd behavior diffuses via a sort of collective hypnosis, and crowd members are capable of acts of both barbarism and heroism Gustave LeBon, The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind (1895) 1. The mental unity of crowds a. Crowds vs. groups: a crowd is distinguished from an agglomeration of individuals by virtue of its transformative character and its accordance with the “law of the mental unity of crowds:” “Whoever be the individuals that compose it, however like or unlike be their mode of life...the fact that they have been transformed into a crowd puts them in possession of a sort of collective mind which makes them feel, think, and act in a manner quite different from that in which each individual of them would… in a state of isolation” b. The irrationality and hypnosis crowds: Individuals within crowds cease to behave rationally (as they do in isolation, where they exhibit diverse natural intellectual endowments), and fall under a state of collective hypnosis: their common, primitive unconscious urges take over, perhaps because of the “magnetic influence of the crowd,” as the unconscious mind becomes “collective property,” and every “sentiment and act is contagious,” or under the control of the hypnotizer (perhaps a group leader) c. The barbarism or heroism of crowds: As the primitive unconscious homogenizes what would otherwise be a diverse collection of individuals, individuals begin to garner a sense of “invincibility” out of the sheer size of the crowd and yield to “instincts which they would have to restrain” if they were acting alone.
    [Show full text]
  • Can Resource Mobilization Predict the Level of Success Among Social Movement Organizations?
    Illinois Wesleyan University Digital Commons @ IWU Honors Projects Political Science Department 2009 Can Resource Mobilization Predict the Level of Success Among Social Movement Organizations? Kathryn Brannan, '09 Illinois Wesleyan University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/polisci_honproj Part of the Political Science Commons Recommended Citation Brannan, '09, Kathryn, "Can Resource Mobilization Predict the Level of Success Among Social Movement Organizations?" (2009). Honors Projects. 33. https://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/polisci_honproj/33 This Article is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by Digital Commons @ IWU with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this material in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This material has been accepted for inclusion by faculty at Illinois Wesleyan University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ©Copyright is owned by the author of this document. Can Resource Mobilization Predict the Level of Success Among Social Movement Organizations? Kathryn Brannan Illinois Wesleyan University Honors Research Seminar Spring 2009 Advisor: Greg Shaw Abstract: This paper is a series of case studies of social movement organizations within the AIDS Awareness Movement of the 1980s. By examining ACT UP, the Names Project, and Gay Men's Health Crisis, we see that resource mobilization theory can help explain varying levels of success among SMOs that worked in the same context and within the same subculture.
    [Show full text]
  • The Impact of Social Media on Social Movements: the New Opportunity and Mobilizing Structure
    The Impact of Social Media on Social Movements: The New Opportunity and Mobilizing Structure Amandha Rohr Lopes Creighton University 4/1/2014 The Impact of Social Media on Social Movements: The New Opportunity and Mobilizing Structure Amandha Rohr Lopes This paper seeks to explain and test the formation process of social movements by addressing two overarching interrelated factors: opportunity structures and mobilizing structures. I hypothesize that social movements are caused by opportunity structures such as economic, institutional, and social contexts of a country conditioned by its access to social media. Social movements are not created by a single variable but rather by a set of variables that create an interaction effect. Discovering ways to mass organize is as essential for the occurrence of social movements as the grievances that make people want to organize in the first place. The introduction of social media into the discussion is thought to have completely changed the way people are able to organize. In order to test my hypothesis, I use data from a number of different sources for all countries in 2008 - 2012. Research Question Scholars have long considered under what conditions social movements are most likely to emerge. The communication revolution brought about from the rapid emergence of social media has led scholars to shift the direction of such questions to the impact of social media in social movements. Social movements have been implemented in many different forms and on different levels in order to transform societies. New studies are now looking at social media as a tool in shaping social movements’ agendas and aiding collective action both online and offline at the local or global level.
    [Show full text]
  • The New Politics of Community to the Specifi C Issues of How the Obama Presidency Might Signal a New Modernity and the Problem of Meaning
    THETHE NEW NEW POLITICS POLITICS OF OF COMMUNITY COMMUNITY THE NEW POLITICS OF COMMUNITY THETHE NEW NEW POLITICS POLITICS OF COMMUNITYOF COMMUNITY 104TH104TH ASA ASA ANNUAL ANNUAL MEETING MEETING 104TH ASA ANNUAL MEETING 20092009 FINAL FINAL PROGRAM PROGRAM 2009 FINAL PROGRAM 104TH ASA104TH ANNUAL ASA ANNUAL MEETING MEETING August 8–August11, 20098–11, 2009 Hilton SanHilton Francisco San and Francisco Parc 55 and Hotel Parc 55 Hotel San Francisco,San Francisco, California California 18133_COVER-R2.indd 1 7/27/09 5:00:32 PM Increase your earning potential. Teach in business. If you have an earned doctorate and demonstrated research potential, new opportunities are on the horizon. In response to business doctoral faculty shortages, Bridge to Business programs qualify non-business doctorates for high-paying tenure track positions at business schools. Not only will you gain a competitive advantage in the job market, you will work in a multidisciplinary, diverse research environment while developing future leaders. Post-doctoral Bridge to Business programs vary in length and delivery methods — visit online to compare and find one best for you. Information available at booth #117. AVERAGE STARTING SALARIES FOR NEW ASSISTANT PROFESSORS Q 2007–2008 Among new assistant 90 80 professors, those 70 in business had the 60 “highest salary. 50 — The Chronicle of Higher 40 Education, March 14, 2008 30 USD IN THOUSANDS20 ” 10 Psychology Social Sciences Business 52,153 USD 55,243 USD 86,640 USD 2007–2008 National Faculty Salary Survey by Field and Rank at 4-Year Colleges and Universities. ©2008 by the College and University Professional Association for Human Resources (CUPA-HR).
    [Show full text]
  • Social Movements
    SOCIAL MOVEMENTS Introduction to sociology Session 8 Anne Revillard Outline 1. Social movements: definition, methods and research questions 2. From cognition to organizations a. Why men rebel? Collective action as a result of relative deprivation b. The logic of collective action , or why people shouldn’t rebel c. Resource mobilization theory, or how organizations help explain why they do d. Beyond organizations: social movement communities 3. From organizations to cognition: framing processes 4. Social movements in their political context a. Repertoires of collective action b. Political opportunity structures c. Analyzing the impact of social movements d. Questioning the movement/institutions dichotomy Outline 1. Social movements: definition, methods and research questions 2. From cognition to organizations a. Why men rebel? Collective action as a result of relative deprivation b. The logic of collective action, or why people shouldn’t rebel c. Resource mobilization theory, or how organizations help explain why they do d. Beyond organizations: social movement communities 3. From organizations to cognition: framing processes 4. Social movements in their political context a. Repertoires of collective action b. Political opportunity structures c. Analyzing the impact of social movements d. Questioning the movement/institutions dichotomy Social movements as a sociological object • A field of sociology that developed in the context of the social movements of the 1960s (civil rights, women, students, environmental, LGBT) • 2 definitions of
    [Show full text]
  • Macro Issues in the Theory of Social Movements Smo
    MACRO ISSUES IN THE THEORY OF SOCIAL MOVEMENTS SMO Interaction, the Role of Counter-Movements and Cross-National Determinants of the Social Movement Sector Mayer N. Zald University of Michigan August 1979 . - --------------------------------------------------.. CRSO Working Paper No. 204 Copies available through: Center for Research on Social Organization University of Michigan 330 Packard Street Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 MACRO ISSUES IN THE THEORY OF SOCIAL MOVEMENTS MACRO ISSUES IN THE TIIEORY OF SOCIAL MOVEMENTS In recent years, many social movement theorists and researchers have SMO Interaction, the Role of loosened their ties to collective behavior analysis and moved closer to political .Counter-Movements and Cross-National sociology. The sources of this shift have been several: 1) the events of the, Determinants of the Social Movement Sector* 1960s-the anti-war movement, the civil rights movement, the anti-abortion move- ment,the rise of the womens' movement, led both participant and observer to highlight the interaction of politicalproresn and change with social movcment processes; 2) empirical studies testing individualistic assumptions about personal strain and deprivation, assumptions which underlie some version of collective behavior theory, have found them wanting; 3) the development of resource mobilization theory provided tools of analysis more compatible with political sociological and political-economic basic assumptions and guiding vayer N. Zald metaphors. Department of Sociology and School of Social Work Resource mobilization theory comes in several guises. In McCartliy end .University of Michigan Zald (1973, 1977), it has an economistic slant, with a good deal of emphasis on the infra-structure of societal support, industry competition, cost-benefit of modes of mobilization, and the like.
    [Show full text]