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Vexilologické Názvosloví Zbyšek Svoboda - Petr Exner VEXILOLOGICKÝ KLUB 2000 ST ŘEDISKO VEXILOLOGICKÝCH INFORMACÍ VEXILOLOGICKÝ LEXIKON vexilologické názvosloví 2 Zbyšek Svoboda - Petr Exner VEXILOLOGICKÝ KLUB Praha ST ŘEDISKO VEXILOLOGICKÝCH INFORMACÍ Hradec Králové © 2000 3 První část Vexilologického lexikonu (Petr Exner, Ji ří Tenora: Vexilologický lexikon - vexilologické spole čnosti a aktivity) vyšla p ři p říležitosti konání 1. českého národního vexilo- logického kongresu v Hradci Králové v roce 1996. Podle p ředstav autor ů m ěla následovat další část – obecná vexilologie. Protože se však tato oblast ukázala velmi rozsáhlou, byla z ní vy člen ěna část týkající se vexilologického názvosloví, které tvo ří samostatnou a d ůležitou část obecné vexilologie a navíc od prvního vydání publikace s touto tématikou (Zbyšek Svo- boda: Vexilologické názvosloví, Praha 1972) uplynulo již tém ěř 30 let. Redak ční uzáv ěrka VIII/2000. Verze 1.2, X/2000. Anglický p řeklad úvodních v ět: ing. Jaroslav Martykán. Vyobrazení v textu a tabulkách: ing. Petr Exner. Fotografie v textu: Petr Exner. • Autostandarta na aut ě velvyslance USA Johna Shattucka p ři jeho návšt ěvě na Vysoké škole pedagogické v Hradci Králové dne 24.11.1999 • Prapor Vojenské léka řské akademie v Hradci Králové p ři vojenské p řísaze 8.5.2000 v Hradci Králové. • Vlajka m ěsta Hradec Králové p řed budovou Kongresového centra Aldis v Hradci Králové. Vzhledem k použitému programu nemusí d ělení n ěkterých slov odpovídat platné norm ě. 4 Několik v ět na úvod … Some words at the very beginning … Po čátkem šedesátých let 20. století In the early sixties of 20 th century, I jsem byl pov ěř en odbornou správou nej- had been entrusted with a professional cus- větší československé vexilologické sbírky tody of the biggest Czechoslovak ve- ve Vojenském muzeu v Praze. Hlavním xillological collection seated in the Prague úkolem tehdy bylo bohatý a r ůznorodý Military Museum. My main task was to sbírkový materiál rozt řídit a popsat. Velmi classify and to describe the rich and he- brzo jsem zjistil, že vlastn ě neexistuje ko- terogeneous material incorporated in that difikované jednotné a obecné názvosloví, collection. I have soon realized that there pomocí kterého bych mohl p říslušný exists no codified universal and common vexilologický materiál odborn ě zpracová- terminology enabling me to compile the vat. Nezbylo mi tedy, než na základ ě ú řed- relevant vexillological matter professional- ního díl čího vojenského názvosloví z dva- ly. It was inevitable to put various expres- cátých let, vojenských p ředpis ů a zákon- sions known to me from the official mili- ných norem s využitím bohaté slovní záso- tary terminology used in the twenties and by českého jazyka uvést nejr ůzn ější pojmy from various martial regulations in a logi- do vzájemn ě provázaného a logického sys- cal and coherent system available for daily tému, p řesn ě je definovat a nadále d ůsled- use. The rich vocabulary of Czech lan- ně používat. Výhodou bylo, že jsem tehdy guage could facilitate their precise defini- jako jediný profesionální pracovník v obo- tion. My advantage was that as a sole ex- ru vexilologie m ěl možnost následn ě toto pert in the vexillology I had an opportunity názvosloví aplikovat nejen pro pot řeby to apply this terminology not only inside československé armády, ale i prosazovat v the Czechoslovak army subsequently but jednotné muzejní síti. also in the unified net of museums. Po vzniku našeho Vexilologického When the Vexillological Club was klubu jsem názvosloví podle p řipomínek established I have revised my terminology člen ů výboru dopracoval a prezentoval na according to the comments of its Board klubové sch ůzi dne 15. dubna 1972. Ješt ě members and presented it at the Club meet- téhož roku vyšlo díky pomoci koleg ů he- ing on April 15 th , 1972. It was published in raldik ů tiskem. the same year thanks to the assistance of V pr ůběhu následujících desetiletí our colleagues – heraldists. In following si členové klubu prost řednictvím našich decades, members of the Club have ac- publikací, a p ředevším zpravodaje Vexilo- quired the vexillological termino-logy logie, názvosloví osvojili. P ředevším se through our publications, especially the však osv ědčilo v odborných muzejních a bulletin “Vexilologie”. However, it proved vojenských kruzích a časem proniklo spolu to be useful in the professional military and s pojmem vexilologie i do výuky muzeolo- museum circles, first of all. Both the term gie a pomocných v ěd historických na n ě- “vexillology” and its terminology gained kterých vysokých školách. access to the lessons of museology and Svoji funk čnost a pot řebnost proká- auxiliary disciplines of historical research zalo české vexilologické názvosloví od at some universities. Czech vexillological roku 1991 p ři projednávání návrh ů nových terminology proved its functionality and městských a obecních prapor ů (vlajek) usefulness when new municipal and com- podle zákona ČNR o obcích č. 367/1990 munal flags were being approved in the Sb. v podvýboru (p ůvodn ě v komisi) pro Parliamentary Subcommittee for Heraldry heraldiku Poslanecké sn ěmovny České attached to the House of Deputies since republiky. 1991. 5 V konstruktivní konfrontaci s heral- Due to its constructive confronta- dickou terminologií se dále rozvinulo, tion with the heraldic terminology that of zdokonalilo a zp řesnilo, zvlášt ě v metodice vexillology has developed, improved and popisu praporových a vlajkových list ů. V defined itself with more precision, as for této souvislosti považuji za nutné pod ěko- the methodology of flags blazoning espe- vat všem člen ům podvýboru pro heraldiku cially. Therefore, I consider as necessary to a obzvlášt ě prof. P. Palátovi, za v ěcnou express my thanks to all members of the kritiku a metodické p řipomínky, které Subcommittee for Heraldry on this occa- umožnily zkvalitn ění a rozvinutí vexilolo- sion. For a matter-of-fact criticism and gického názvosloví. Obdobn ě děkuji za methodological comments contributing to tv ůrčí p řínos kolegovi mgr. P. Fojtíkovi a higher quality and development of the vex- Ing. P. Exnerovi za redak ční a výtvarnou illological terminology I am especially spolupráci, bez které by toto komplexní grateful to Mr. P. Palát. Analogously, I vydání vexilologického názvosloví ne- would like to thank to my colleagues Mr. vzniklo. P. Fojtík for an inventive contribution and to Mr. P. Exner for an editional and graph- PhDr. Zbyšek Svoboda ic cooperation without them this complete- ly revised edition of the vexillo-logical … a ješt ě pár slov terminology would hardly become reality. Za posledních deset let bylo schvá- Zbyšek Svoboda, Ph. D. leno okolo tisíce nových m ěstských a obecních prapor ů. P ři popisu jejich podoby … and some more words se ukázalo, že jejich rozmanitost vyžaduje zp řesn ění a rozší ření vexilologického ná- There were about one thousand of zvosloví tak, aby slovní popis umož ňoval municipal and communal flags adopted jednozna čně popsat list bez dalšího obra- within the last decade. When their appear- zového doprovodu. ance had to be described in the official A tak, vycházeje z Vexilologického documents it became obvious that their názvosloví dr. Svobody, jsem pro další část diversity asked for a more precision and Vexilologického lexikonu p řipravil v lednu enlargement of the hitherto vexillological roku 2000 okolo šedesáti hesel, z části do- terminology in order to describe any flag provázených vyobrazeními, dopln ěných so explicitly that a respective picture be- několika obrazovými tabulemi. Tato hesla, comes dispensable. spolu s p řipomínkami mgr. Fojtíka, dr. So, I have prepared more than 60 Svoboda z velké části upravil, p řepracoval entries for the next part of the Vexillologi- a doplnil dalšími hesly, až vznikl kone čný cal Lexicon in January 2000 taking ad- tvar, který držíte v ruce. vantage of a terminology edited by Z. Svo- boda in 1972. The said entries were ac- Ing. Petr Exner companied by illustrations and completed by some plates. Mr. Svoboda has substan- tially adjusted and recast those entries ac- cording to Mr. Fojtík´s comments, he add- ed some other entries and the final version of this terminology was born. Ing. Petr Exner 6 LEXIKON A - Z 7 Při studiu a dokumentaci vlajek a prapor ů je t řeba vycházet z jistých jednotných zásad umož ňujících srozumitelné a rychlé p ře- dávání informací mezi jednotlivými vexilology i mezi institucemi. Nezbytným základem vexilologie, stejn ě tak jako každé jiné od- borné disciplíny, je názvosloví, jehož ú čelem je stru čně a jedno- zna čně popisovat vlajky a prapory nejr ůzn ějšího druhu. Jejich slovní definice má být natolik výstižná, aby podle ní bylo možné po řídit správný nákres vlajky či praporu. Vysv ětlivky kurzíva příklad tu čná kurzíva odkaz na jiné heslo arial english deutsch по русски #1 odkaz na tabulku viz jiné heslo V.t. Viz též 8 8 Autostandarta personal car flag die Kraftwagenflagge автомобильное знамя Hodnostní nebo služební vlajka vyv ěšovaná na automobilech hlav stát ů, vyslanc ů, ministr ů, ná čelník ů generálních štáb ů a dalších vojenských funkcioná řů apod. Umís ťuje se na kolmé ocelové žerdi nep říliš vysoké, v ětšinou na blatnících vozidla. Čestn ější umíst ění je na pravém blatníku ve sm ěru jízdy v zemích s pravosm ěrným provozem. Výjime čně bývá umíst ěna i ve st ředu kapoty. M ůže být jak vyztužená, tak nevyztužená, n ěkdy bývá i v ochranném pouzdru. Autostandarta amerického velvyslance umíst ěná na Bandalír praporový levém blatníku. Na pravém je v pozadí vlajka USA. pásnice Banderium banderium das Banderium Honosný v ětší prapor, bohat ě vyšívaný pro m ěsta, cechy, po četn ější vojenské oddíly apod. Barva #5 colour die Farbe цвет , металл Barva je základní vexilologický prvek. Plochy listu jsou krom ě tvaru charakterizovány i barvou. Základními barvami jsou bílá, žlutá, červená, modrá, zelená a černá.
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