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Muhammad's Linguistic Characters in the Quran: A LiNGUA Vol. 15, No. 2, December 2020 • ISSN 1693-4725 • e-ISSN 2442-3823 MUHAMMAD’S LINGUISTIC CHARACTERS IN THE QURAN: A SOCIOLINGUISTIC STUDY Markhamah, Ali Imron, Atiqa Sabardila, Rustini [email protected] Indonesian Language Education Master’s Program, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia Abstract: This article aims to identify Muhammad’s linguistic characters as a speech partner and speaker in the Quran with language ethics education. Objects of this research are verses in Quran translation texts containing Muhammad's role as a speech partner and speaker. Data were collected using observation and documentation techniques and analyzed using the referential identity method. The study found that Muhammad's characters as a speech partner and speaker in Quran translation texts contain many educational values applicable to language ethics. They include: utilizing trusted source as information basis of using language, being a trustworthy communicator of language, integrity in language and faith, not accusing without accurate information, applying proper respect to speech partners, utilization of positive tone, using the language for harmony. In conclusion, in Quran translation texts, Muhammad's linguistics characters can be utilized in language ethics education as a source of values that can be universally understood and accepted. Keywords: linguistic character, language ethics, teaching materials, Prophet Muhammad INTRODUCTION challenges of their times with systematic Ethics has always been an essential character education. element in human interactions. With In Indonesia, the result of the character globalization and advancements in technology, education effort is deemed as not yet educating young generations in language and satisfactory. The responsibility of character, communication ethics has never been more morale, and ethics education should not be critical; because human civilization given only to Religions teachers and PPKN developments also come with their significant (Pancasila and citizenship) teachers (Wafiqni challenges. & Milama, 2014: p. 240). It means other The perspective of Islam always cares teachers should also be responsible for it, about education for the youth. It has always including Indonesian Language teachers. been the way of Muslims. In the fifth century, This research's importance is also based Prophet Muhammad had spoken that Muslims on the result of Nursobah et al. (2019), which seek knowledge, even if they have to travel as believes that learning material utilization in far as China. students' books for learning experience, In that spirit of knowledge-seeking, it can spiritual and social behavior improvement is be stated that innovation and improvement in not as expected. Therefore, it requires the science of education are the answers to the additional learning materials to enrich and challenges that humanity faces today in build students' noble character, especially from preparing young generations for the future. language ethics. This research is expected to The science of education and the personnel become an alternative for learning materials involved must keep improving so that the mentioned earlier. young generation can keep up with the LiNGUA Vol. 15, No. 2, December 2020 • ISSN 1693-4725 • e-ISSN 2442-3823 As research in Indonesian Language (2019), Nurfatin (2018), Azizah & Leli (2016), Education, this research examines all Muslims' Juliantini & Ketut (2018), and Niani (2017). role models' character: Prophet Muhammad, to Several scholars have studied Quran investigate the characters as a potential source translation texts and can be classified into two for language ethics education material. The major groups: linguistics (and its branches results of this research are projected to fulfill such as sociolinguistics) and research outside the role of Indonesian Language teachers in the of linguistics. Investigations in linguistics that responsibility of contributing to ethics were conducted are on persona pronouns education. This research aims to answer the comparison in Arabic and Indonesian question: what are Muhammad's characters as (Markhamah et al., 2017a), modalities in Quran a speech partner in Quran translation texts translation texts (Markhamah et al., 2018), the (Indonesian) that can be utilized in language situational context of quantity marker adverb ethics education? in Quran translation texts (Markhamah et al., This research focuses on the role of a 2020). speech partner. A speech partner is a party Studies in Quran translation texts invited to communicate or also known as the outside of linguistics that has been conducted interlocutor. are (1) Prophets’ characters in Quran Ethics is the science of good and evil and translation text by Markhamah et al., (2017). moral rights and obligations (Alwi, 2007, p. Several gender studies in Quran or Islam have 309). From that understanding, language been conducted, such as (2) gender study in ethics can be interpreted as things or norms in Quran by Aziz (2002), and (3) Maslamah the use of language. Ethics of language (2002), and several thematic studies related to procedure governs: (1) what should be said at environmental conservation, kindness, and certain times and circumstances, (2) what compassion. kinds of languages are appropriate to be used, The objective of this research is to identify (3) when and how the turn of speech is used, Muhammad's linguistic characteristics in and (4) when a person must be silent or not Quran. Furthermore, researchers analyze the speak (Nababan, 1984, pp. 52-53). linkage between these linguistic characteristics Characters of prophets in Quran for language ethics education. translation texts have been researched by Markhamah et al. (2017). However, the METHOD research was only able to identify six prophets' This research is qualitative descriptive characters, which are Adam, Dawud (David), research in the field of Indonesian Language Ibrahim (Abraham), Yusuf (Joseph), Isa (Jesus), Education. It examines Muhammad’s and Nuh (Noah), with 65 characters found. characters as speech participants in Quran Prophet Muhammad's characters, particularly translation texts with language ethics from the linguistic role as speech partner in education orientation. Speech participants are Quran, have not been researched. involved in the speech event, namely the Muhammad's characters are supposed to be speaker, speech partner, and listener (Suwito, examples for His followers. The best example 1982, p. 29). being Muhammad is stated by Al Ahzab (33:21) This research's object is the Quranic “You have an excellent example in the verses in translation texts containing Messenger of God; for anyone who seeks God Muhammad as a speech partner and speaker. and the Last Day, and remembers God The print of the Quran utilized in this research frequently.” (Hadhiri, 1994). This research is is Tafsir Qur’an per Kata, published by meant to add to the findings and coverage of Maghfirah Pustaka, in addition to the previous studies. international English translation of the Quran. Research on characters can be seen from The data was collected by observing different perspectives, one of which is from an language usage in the object being researched education perspective. Rahman et al. (2016) (Sudaryanto, 2015, p. 182). The observation and Ainissyifa (2014) conducted character was conducted to filter the use of lingual units research from the education perspective. Other containing the word Muhammad and pronouns researches in characters in literature which refer to him, such as kamu (you) and mu perspective were conducted by Angelis et al. (yours), which were initially identified through 164 | Muhammad’s Linguistic Characters in The Quran LiNGUA Vol. 15, No. 2, December 2020 • ISSN 1693-4725 • e-ISSN 2442-3823 Indeks Alquran by Asyarie dan Yusuf (2003). Muhammad is a prophet receiving The documentation method was employed to information not known by others. record the findings for further analysis. (1) “…And Allah made His tranquility The data analysis method utilized in this descend upon him (Muhammad), research is the identity method (Sudaryanto, and supported him with forces you did 2015, p. 154). The subtype used is referential not see, and made the word of those identity, a data analysis method in which determinants are outside, disconnected, and who disbelieved the lowest, while the not part of the related language. The referential Word of Allah is the Highest. Allah is identity method describes verses where Mighty and Wise. [643]. (At Taubah 9: Muhammad has a role as a speech partner, 40) analyzes them, classifies characters portrayed, and describes their relevance with language Linguistic character of Muhammad in ethics education. Quran Surah At Taubah (9): 40) is as recipient The study's scope will be limited to of information from Allah. Information in this Muhammad's characters as a speech partner Surah and Verse is explained buy footnoot and speaker in Quran translation texts that [643] in the print, “The disbeliever is willing to satisfy the orientation of language ethics murder Prophet Muhammad, so Allah education. informed their intention to Muhammad This research uses sociolinguistic theory. because at that time he was accompanied by Sociolinguistics views language as a sign and a Abu Bakar from Mecca. On his way to Madina, social system and a communication system they then hid in a cave in Tsur Hills for self- that is part of a particular society and culture. protection. Social factors
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