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The Ceramic Economy of Pre-Columbian Pacific Nicaragua (AD 1–1250)

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The Ceramic Economy of Pre-Columbian Pacific Nicaragua (AD 1–1250) University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository Graduate Studies The Vault: Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2016 The Ceramic Economy of Pre-Columbian Pacific Nicaragua (AD 1–1250) Dennett, Carrie Lynd Dennett, C. L. (2016). The Ceramic Economy of Pre-Columbian Pacific Nicaragua (AD 1–1250) (Unpublished doctoral thesis). University of Calgary, Calgary, AB. doi:10.11575/PRISM/28025 http://hdl.handle.net/11023/3043 doctoral thesis University of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission. Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY The Ceramic Economy of Pre-Columbian Pacific Nicaragua (AD 1–1250) by Carrie Lynd Dennett A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY GRADUATE PROGRAM IN ARCHAEOLOGY CALGARY, ALBERTA JUNE, 2016 © Carrie Lynd Dennett 2016 ABSTRACT Recent ceramic compositional analyses based on a combination of instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) and petrography demonstrate that our historic understanding of pre- Columbian ceramic production and distribution in Pacific Nicaragua—the northern sector of the Greater Nicoya archaeological region—has been somewhat less than accurate. Importantly, it also challenges ethnohistoric accounts, which have traditionally served as our basic framework of inquiry, and which suggest that changes in the social fabric and material culture across time are the result of in-migration and colonization by groups from Mesoamerica. The results of the current compositional analyses instead indicate continuity and internal change among local potting groups for more than 1,000 years, and coloured by longstanding social and economic connections with non-Mesoamerican groups in west-central Honduras, particularly the Comayagua Valley and Lake Yojoa regions. Importantly, this research also represents the first archaeological attempt to reconstruct the local volcanic environment and then articulate that with the compositional results. A total of 14 petrofabric groupings are proposed herein, with a particular focus on identification of pottery-producing centres in the Granada-Mombacho and Rivas-Ometepe areas of Pacific Nicaragua. Drawing on ceramic economy theory to structure and interpret the compositional results, this dissertation reconstructs the pre-Columbian ceramic economy in its ecological context (ca. AD 1–1250), highlighting patterns of ceramic production, consumption, and distribution at multiple scales of analysis. This framework is then further contextualized socially and interpreted utilizing a revised version of communities of practice theory designed to address the multiple scales inherent in the proposed reconstruction, including communities, constellations, and networks of practices. Based on the information presented in the results and interpretations, I address several key challenges that archaeologists working the region currently face. In final discussion I propose (1) a reconfiguration of the Greater Nicoya archaeological region, (2) an alternative explanation for difficulty in ‘seeing’ the local Ometepe period (AD 1250–1522) in the archaeological record, and (3) propose an alternative model to explain the presence of Oto-Manguean-speaking Chorotega groups in the region prior to European contact. Keywords: ceramic analysis, instrumental neutron activation analysis, petrography, ceramic economy, communities of practice, Chorotega, Nicaragua ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I dedicate this effort to my late parents, Frank E. and Violet C. (nee Cox) Dennett. Although now gone for almost as many years as I had them, they steadfastly remain the source of everything kind, loyal, logical, and good in me. They are greatly missed. This is also dedicated to Paul F. Healy, a gentleman scholar and my first true mentor. I want to thank him not only for introducing me to the archaeology of southern Central America, but also for modelling the truly important parts of being both a teacher and scholar, particularly the ethical, human, and professional principles I now strive to emulate in my own endeavours. An enormous amount of gratitude and numerous thanks go to my dissertation committee: Geoffrey McCafferty, Rosemary Joyce, Gerald Oetelaar, Brian Kooyman, and Jennifer Cuthbertson. I appreciate the time, commentary, and support you have all provided. First and foremost I would like to thank my supervisor and jefe, Geoffrey G. McCafferty, for allowing me to participate in the Proyecto Arqueológica Granada, Nicaragua (PAGN) from 2008–2010, as well as for full disclosure about and access to the data that made this study possible. I have never met a more supportive human being in my life and I am indebted to him for each perfectly timed pat on the back, kind word, and hand up whenever I was on the figurative floor. There is little I can say except a sincere thank you for all that you have done and continue to do on my behalf. I would also like to thank his lovely wife and research colleague, Sharisse McCafferty—mother, counsellor, and triage nurse to ALL in the field, she is also a diligent lab director and I thank her for the guidance and comfort she has always provided me. I have been blessed (perhaps more correctly described as ‘spoiled’) with several formidable mentors during this course of my research. I owe a particular debt of gratitude to Dra. Silvia Salgado González of the University of Costa Rica, who has been an incredibly important iii female role model in my life, despite the physical distance. She has continuously given generously of her time, friendship, and knowledge from the very beginning. I can no longer count the number of long, hot days she has sat by my side in front of a pile of grungy pot sherds helping me learn (and most frequently correcting me on) everything from the basic typology to the cultural contexts in which ceramics were produced. Gracias para todo, Silvia. I owe another enormous debt to Dr. Ronald L. Bishop of the Smithsonian Institution, and its one I will never be able to repay—the scale is just too grand. Perhaps the most intelligent and perceptive human I have encountered to date, he is equally kind and generous. It is difficult to express in words the appreciation I have for allowing me to participate these past four years in the Greater Nicoya Ceramic Project, for challenging my intellectual capacity to its fullest extent (school of hard knocks!), for making me figure things out on my own, and most of all for supporting me the entire way and for always, always providing grounded advice. For time served in the field (and lab) I owe an important thank you to a colleague and excellent friend, Lorelei Platz, whom I have watched grow from an awkward undergraduate into a capable and curious scholar. From ‘counting points’ or typing sherds for days on end to ‘chowing down’ on greasy Tip-Top in Granada City, she has always been there for me, volunteering her time, friendship, and thoughts without expectation of anything in return. She is selfless, loyal, and smart. Thanks, Lorelei, for being you. I look forward to the future. Similarly, I would like to thank Dr. Larry Steinbrenner. My first friend in Calgary and one of the hardest working researchers I have ever met. Although finishing as I began, Larry has always been there to provide direction, feedback, amazing insight, and moral support, and I respect him greatly for all of this. Our shared love (obsession) with the ceramics of Pacific Nicaragua will keep us connected as we move into the future. iv Special thanks go to several scholars I consider to be gurus in the field of southern Central American studies, and who have always generously provided advice and support no matter how busy their own days are. Dr. John Hoopes, for being a source of continuous inspiration, for stretching my mind enormously from time to time, and for all the ways he has contributed to my professional development over the past decade. His excitement about what we do is contagious, and I value him highly for that. Dr. Frederick Lange, who in recent years has generously given of his time and knowledge to help me ‘get things right’ in a multitude of different scholarly settings, as well as providing invaluable critical and pointed advice on complex topics. Dr. Payson Sheets, for being Dr. Payson Sheets…a generous and kind scholar with a vest(ed) interest in volcanoes and hamburgers, and who has always managed to make time for a neophyte with more questions than answers. I want to thank him for helping me understand the role of culture in the ecology of volcanic landscapes and why USB sticks can be problematic. There are several other important scholars I would like to thank (con gusto!), and who don’t fit neatly into one typological category. All have played an important role in my professional and personal development, and include Dr. Alexander Geurds, Dr. Rosemary Joyce (thank you for teaching, not just telling), Dra. Eugenia Ibarra Rojas, Dr. Laura Wingfield, Dr. Erin Sears, and Dr. Paul W.O. Hoskin. Several fellow students have played an important role in my research and field experiences, whether through advice and support, co-authoring, or active participation, and I thank them here in chronological order: Kent Bromley, Brett Watson, Sacha Wilke, Sarah Keller, Nicole Jessup, and Cara Tremain. They all know why they are listed here. Special mention goes to Katrina Kosyk, who has taught me so very much about ancient musical instruments, and who became my colleague (and friend) well before she had the v paperwork to say so. I would also like to thank another student who shares my love of ceramics, and particularly for her personal tenacity and beautiful heart: Elisa Fernández Leon, a dear friend and colleague I very much look forward to growing with in the future.
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