WORKING DOCUMENT SERIES REGIONAL

Rural Development Division Bureau for and th2 Caribbean Agency for International Development GENERAL WORKING DOCUMENT #1

A PARTIALLY ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE CARIBBEAN REGION*

*Antigua, , , British , Cayman Islands, Domi­ nica, , Montserrat, St. Kitts­ Nevis-(Anguilla), St. Lucia, St. Vin­ cent,

Clarence Zuvekas, Jr.

Sector Analysis Internalization Group Office of International Cooperation and Development U.S. Department of

September 1978 This document does not bear the approval (nor imply such) of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the Agency for International Development, or any of their offices. In view of its nature as a working paper, it should not be quoted w-thouz permission of the originating office. Any comments wouid be appreci­ ter,, and can be addressea to the author at:

4112 Auditors Ruiiding i4:n & Independence Avenue, S.W. Washing-on, D.C. 20250 PREFACE

Under the terms of USDA Contract No. 12-17-07-5-2173, the author has prepared a bibliography on agricultural development in the Caribbean Region, defined operationally by U.S. as comprising the smaller English­ speaking states in the Caribbean, viz.: Antigua, Barbados, Belize, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, , Grenada, Montserrat, St. Kitts­

began in October 1977 and continued intermittantly, both in the field and in Washington, D.C., until September 1978. I am indebted to a large number of individuals for giving me access to both published and unpublished studies in the libraries of their respective organizations.

The author is quick to point out that this bibliography, though quite lengthy, is not complete. First of all, a decision was made to include (with relatively few exceptions) only publications since 1960. Secondly, because of time constraints and the law of diminishing returns, the search for documents had to leave some stones unturned. Undoubtealy, studies which should have appeared in the bibliography are not included, and apologies are offered to their authors.

With a few exceptions, reports by the IBRD, IDB, and OAS--many of which have a restricted distribution--have not been included in this Bibliography. They should, however, be consulted by those interested in a detailed, macroeconomic view of the Caribbean Region. Particularly valuable in this respect is the IBRD's Caribbean Regional Study (1975) and its series of reports on the Eastern Caribbean less developed countries, issued in 1978.

The form in which the bibliography entries appear is (loosely) based on guidelines provided in the University of Chicago Manual of Style, twelfth edition; a number of modifications, though, have been made. For some books and technical reports, the number of pages is indicated. Library locations, with call numbers if available, are given in brackets. The library may be identified by consulting the list of abbreviations of library locations. Both a Crop Index and a General (topical) Index are provided. TABLE OF CONTENTS

Preface

Glossary of Acronyms and Abbreviations v

Library Locations vii

General Caribbean and Multi-Country Studies 1

Leeward Islands 81

Windward Islands 82

Antigua 89 Barbados 96

Belize 127

British Virgin Islands 14o

Cayman Islands 142

Dominica 144

Grenada 156

Montserrat 165

St. Kitts-Nevis-(Anguilla) 170

Anguilla 177

St. Lucia 178

St. Vincent 186

Turks and Caicos Islands 193

Bibliographies and Other Reference Works 194

Crop Index 196

Oeneral Index 199 GLOSSARY OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

AMP Agricultural Marketing Protocol A.T.A. Abstracts in Tropical Agriculture BDD British Development Division in the Caribbean B.W.I. British (B)WIST (British) West Indies Sugar Technologists CAB/ABS Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau Abstracts CADEC Caribbean Ecumenical Consultation for Development CARDI Caribbean Agricultural Research and Development Institute CARICOM (also Caribbean Common Market) CARIFTA Caribbean Free Trade Association CARIRI Caribbean Industrial Research Institute CDC Commonwealth Development Corporation CFCS Caribbean Food Crops Society CFNI Caribbean Food and Nutrition Institute CIDA Canadian International Development Agency DAE Department of Agricultural Extension, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad DAEFM Department of Agricultural Economics and Farm Management, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad DAI Dissertation Abstracts International D.T.A. Diploma in Tropical Agriculture EEC European Economic Community FAO Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade GDP GMS Guaranteed Market Scheme GNP Gross National Product ICS Institute of Caribbean Studies ICTA Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture IDB Inter-American Development Bank IICA Instituto Interamericano de Ciencias Agricolas ISER Institute of Social and Economic Research LDC Less Developed Country OAS Organization of American States PAHO Pan American Health Organization RRC Regional Research Center, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development UNDP United Nations Development Programme (UN)-ECLA (United Nations) Economic Commission for Latin America UNICA Association of Caribbean Universities and Research Institutes UNIDO United Nations Industrial Development Organization UPR University of USDA U.S. Department of Agriculture V1

UWI University of the West Indies W.I. West Indies WIAEC West Indian Agricultural Economics Conference WINBAN Bannana Growers Association LIBRARY LOCATIONS

AID Ref. AID Reference Center, Washington, D.C.

AID/W:LAC/CAR U.S. Agency for International Development, Office of Caribbean Countries

AID/W:LAC/DR/RD U.S. Agency for International Development, Bureau for Latin America and the Caribbean, Office of Development Resources, Rural Development Division, Washington, D.C.

BDD British Development Division in the Caribbean, Bridgetown, Barbados

B. Min. Ag. Barbados Ministry of Agirculture, Bridgetown

CARDI Caribbean Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Port-of-, Trinidad

CARICOM Caribbean Community Secretariat, Georgetown,

CDB Caribbean Development Bank, Wildey, St. Michael, Barbados

CIDA/B Canadian International Development Agency, Bridgetown, Barbados

GWU George Washington University, Washington, D.C.

ISER Institute of Social and Economic Research, University of the West Indies, Cave Hill, Barbados

LTC Land Tenure Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison

NAL National Agricultural Library, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C.

SAIG Sector Analysis Internalization Group, Office of International Cooperation and Development, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C.

STRU Sugar Technology Research Unit, Barbados

USAID/B U.S. Agency for International Development, Bridgetown, Barbados

U.S. Dept. State U.S. Department of State, Washington, D.C.

UWI University of the West Indies, Cave Hill, Barbados GENERAL CARIBBEAN AND MULTI-COUNTRY STUDIES

1. ABBOTT, George C. "The Collapse of the Sea Island Cotton Industry in the West Indies." Social and Economic Studies 13 (March 1964):157-187.

The author discusses the events leading to a decline in production to only one-third its 1939/40 level. Since the market is expected to be weak, and prices therefore low, a continuing decline in production is foreseen.

2. ----. "The Future of Economic Cooperation in the West indies in the Light of the Break-up of the Federation." Social and Economic Studies 12 (June 1963):160-178.

Examines the effect of the break-up of the Federation of the West Indies on the British West Indies Sugar Association. Argues that"there are centrifugal forces at work tending to bring about a looser form of economic cooperation among the sugar islands with the possible disinte­ gration of BWISA." The author also finds a movement from regionalism to individualism in the production and marketing of other agricultural commodities for which regional associations or agreements exist, or for which inter-island trade exists.

3. ----. "Stabilisation Policies in West Indian Sugar Industries." Caribbean Quarterly 9 (March-June 1963):53-66.

The author argues that "it is . . . essential if the industry is to adjust itself with the minimum social dislocation to changing world conditions, political as well as economic, that it should have adequate reserves at its disposal." Some form of stabilization program, he says, is urgently needed.

4. "The West Indian Sugar Industry with Some Long-Term Projections and Supply to 1975." Social and Economic Studies 13 (March 1964):1-37.

Reviews changes in acreage and yields and develops 2 separate projec­ tions, based on different methods, which can be regarded as estimates of technical feasibility. Economic feasibility is then examined in the light of possible changes in production costs, price considerations, and marketing problems. The author notes that the region is very dependent on guaranteed markets and/or premium prices.

5. ABDULAH, Norma. The Labour Force in the Commonwealth Caribbean: A Statistical Analysis. Occasional Papers in Human Resources, No. 1. St. Augustine, Trinidad: ISER, UWI, 1977. Pp. 120. [SAIG]

A critical examination of 1960 and 1970 census data and several non­ census sources of labor force data. Notes that conceptual differences sometimes make it difficult to compare 1960 and 1970 census results. 2

6. ADAMS, C.D.; KASASIAN, L.; and SEEYAVE, J. Common Weeds of the West Indies. St. Augustine, Trinidad: UWI, 1970. [BDDJ

7. LDAYS, Nassau A. Planning to Meet the Caribbean's Growing Food Needs: Framework for a Regional Food Plan. Port-of-Spain, Trinidad: United Nations Caribbean Regional Integration Advisory Team, 1975. [CDB]

8. ADIGUN, Ebenezer 0. "A Comparison of the Agronomic Performance and the Nutritive Value of Three Tropical Grasses." Ph.D. Thesis, UWI, St. Augustine, Trinidad, 1975.

These studies involved both yearling Holstein steers and mature male sheep.

C. "Agricultural Exports from the LDC's." West Indies Chronicle (October- November 1976).

10. "The Agriculture of the Caribbean and Its Future Needs." The Farmer 76 (1971):241-289.

11. AHMAD, N. "How Well Does the UWI Faculty of Agriculture Serve the CeribbeaT Farming Community?" Journal of the Agricultural Society of 71 (December 1971):448-453. Also in Caribbean Farming 3 (June 1971):4-5.

Discusses the concern of the UWI faculty about the UWI's underutili­ zation as a training institution and the relative unattractiveness of agriculture to potential students. A comment by Hugh MILLER argues that research--particularly on vegetable crops--is being neglected.

12. ---- ; CORNFORTH, I.S.; and WALMSLEY, D. "Methods of Measuring Available Nutrients in West Indian Soils: III. Potassium." Plant and Soil 39 (1973):635-647.

13. ----, and JONES, Robert L. "Genesis, Chemical Properties and Mineralogy of Caribbean Grumasols." Soil Science 107 (March 1969):166-174.

and 14 ---- , and PRASHAD, S. "Dispersion, Mechanical Composition, Fractionation of West Indian Volcanic Yellow Earth Soils (Andepts)." Journal of Soil Science 21 (March 1970):63-71.

15. ALl, Desmond A. "The Scope for Utilisation of Industrial and Agricultural By-Products." Proceedings, WIAEC, 9th (1974):71-78.

The author sees possibilities for utilizing a variety of by-products but warns that not all of them may be profitable. Careful evaluation of benefits and costs is called for.

!6. ALLEYNE, Frank. "Financing Agrarian Reform in the Commonwealth Caribbean." Proceedings, WIAEC, 7th (1972):8-13. 3

Argues that agricultural development objectives would best be achieved if the State became the sole landlord and provided a wide range of services, including credit tied to extension education. Maintains that public ownership of all lands would facilitate 3 important changes: "amalgamation of plots of uneconomic size, thereby checking fragmen­ tation; reduction of the size of farms where the acreage exceeds the optimum for the particular type of crop which the operator is cultivating; and finally, engineering works to secure solutions to problems of erosion." Critizes existing credit institutions, which are said to favor large farmers.

17. ----. "Scme Thoughts on the EEC Sugar Policy and the Future of the Caribbean Sugar Industry." Bulletin of Eastern Caribbean Affairs 3 (July/August 1977).

Asesses the effects of the Lome Convention on the Caribbean. Questions the long-run viability and profitability of sugar in the region.

18. ALVAREZ URIARTE, Miguel. "World and Hemisphere Trade Policies Affecting the Caribbean Area." In Western Hemisphere International Relations and the Caribbean Area, Vol. II., ed. Maurice WATERS. Mona, : UWI, 1969. Pp. 10-25.

19. ANDERSON, A.M. "The Marketing Situation for Fish and Fish Products in the Caribbean." Cajanus 3 (February 1970):17-31.

Provides data, by country, on total consumption, domestic production, and imports of fish and fish products in 1967. Discusses various aspects of marketing and evaluates the prospects for increased fish production.

20. ANDERSON, Jack W. Cooperative Trade Development Study: Caribbean Region (Spices and Essential Oils). Washington, D.C.: Agricultural Cooperative Development International, 1976. [CDB]

21. ANDIC, Fuat. Integration Schemes in and around the Caribbean. Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico: UPR, 1969.

22. ,---- and ANDIC, Suphan. CARIFTA: Its Structure, Current and Future Activities and Recommendations for a Possible Course of Action. A report prepared for the Ford Foundation. Rio Piedras (?), Puerto Rico, 1969.

23. ---- -, and DOSSER, Douglas. A Theory of Economic Integration for Developing Countries: Illustrated by Caribbean Countries. University of York Studies in Economics No. 6. London: George Allen and Unwin Ltd., 1971. Pp. 176. [NAL: HC155 A74]

The authors revise traditional customs union theory with the intention of making it more appropriate to conditions faced by developing countries. They briefly discuss the of 5 Caribbean countries (Barbados, The , Jamaica, Surinam and Trinidad- Tobago) and review intergration efforts in the Caribbean through the 1960s. Finally, the authors apply their theoretical framework to the 4

5 countries studied, based on the several options for economic integration available to each of them.

24. ARCHER, H.G. "Food and Nutrition Content and Approaches in CARICOM (Caribbean Community) Media." Cajanus 9 (1976):273-287. [NAL: RA784 Al C3]

Based on a 4-month screening of newspapers in Trinidad-Tobago, Guyana, Jamaica, and Barbados (April-July 1976). The Advocate (Barbados) was found to have "negligible emphasis" on food and nutrition.

25. ARCHIBALD, K.A.E., and ADIGUN, Ebenezer 0. "Potential of Forages for Ruminants in the Caribbean." Proceedings, Seminar on the Utilization of Local Ingredients in Animal Feed, ed. J.A. RICHARDS, Jamaica, 1975.

26. ----, and OSUJI, Paschal 0. "Influence of Nitrogen Fertilization and Harvest Interval on the Production of Tropical Grasses." Proceedings, CFCS, 13th (1975).

27. ----, and .... "Prospects for the Improvement of Livestock Output in the ECCM Countries." Proceedings, WIAEC, 12th (1977):130-147,

Factors responsible for low productivity of ruminant livestock are said to be deficiencies in land tenure, management, feeding, breeds and breeding, health, marketing, and credit. The authors make recommenda­ tions for increasing productivity, stressing the unique socioeconomic and environmental conditions in each country.

28. ARIYANAYAGAM, R.R. "A New System of Pigeon Pea Production." Extension Newsletter (UWI, St. Augustine) 8 (March 1977):5-7.

29. ARRUNDALE, J. Guidelines for Development of Fish Wholesaling and Retailing in the Eastern Caribbean. Bridgetown, Barbados: UNDP, 1971. [BDD]

30. ----, and HERBORG, Lars. Experimental Processing of Shark, Catfish and Small Shrimp. Based on the Work of Hans HORN. Bridgetown, Barbados: UNDP, 1971. [BDD]

31. ARTHURTON, Percy, and HENRY, Frank. "Prospects for the Development of Livestock Production in Montserrat and Antigua." Proceedings, WIAEC, 10th, (1975): Vol. II, pp. 186-196.

Livestock development is seen to have considerable potential or saving foreign exchange, reducing imported inflati-on, and providing income and employment. It is also stated that the rural popultion prefers livestock operations to crop farming. Major constraints are said to be lack of sufficient land with secure tenure for potential livestock operators, poor management and lack of restraint, and price controls and other disincentives.

32. ASHWORTH, Ann et al. "Value for Money (Energy and Protein) for Basic Foods in Jamaica, Barbados and Guyana." Cajanus 7 (February 1974):42-47.

prices in Based on December 1973 prices in Jamaica and January 1974 Barbados and Guyana. For Barbados data are provided for 35 basic food items. 5

33. Associated Industrial Consultants Ltd. The Finel Report on the West Indian Sea Island Cotton Association. London, 1970. [BDDJ

34. ----. Report on the West Indian Sea Island Cotton Industry to the Govern­ ments of Antigua, Barbados, Montserrat, St. Kitts-Nevis-Anguilla and St. Vincent. London, 1969. LBDDJ

Argues that a substantial potential market exists. The industry can be revived, the consultants say, if the efficiency of production were improved and mechanical harvesting adopted. The high cost of labor, it is said, makes hand picking uneconomical.

35. Association forCo-operation in Banana Research in the Caribbean and Tropical America. Proceedings of the First Full Meeting, Castries, St. Lucia, 25-27 May 1970. [BDD]

36. Association of Caribbean Universities and Research Institutes [UNICA]. The Food Supply and the Caribbean Universities. Papers presented at UNICA IV, , Dominican Republic, 1975. [CDBJ

37. ----- Proceedings of the Seminar/Workshop on Horticultural Development in the Caribbean, Maturin, , 12-15 March 1972. Pp. ix+273.

38. AUSTERMILLER, C.J. "Labour Force Participation Rates in Various Societies." In The Family in the Caribbean, ed. Stanford GERBER. Rfo Piedras, Puerto Rico: ICS, UPR, 1968.

39. AUTY, R.M. "Caribbean Sugar Factory Size and Survival." Annals of the Association of American Geographers 66 (March 1976):76-88. [NAL: 500 AS73]

40. ----. "Factory Size and Economies of Scale in the Sugar Industry of the Commonwealth Caribbean,'1930-1970." Ph.D. Dissertation, University of London, 1973. Pp. 309.

41. AYEARST, Morley. The British West Indies. London: George Allen & Unwin, Ltd., 1960.

42. AYKROYD, W.R. "Nutrition in the Caribbean." Journal of Hygiene 63 (March 1965):137-153.

43. AYUB, Mahmood A. and CRUIKSHANK, Eric D. "The Political of the Caribbean." Finance and Development 14 (December 1977):38-41.

Caribbean economies are said to "exhibit many features of a less developed colonial structure, viz., intersectoral dualism; intrasec­ toral dualism in agriculture; heavy reliance on a few export commod­ ities; and heavy reliance on private foreign capital and governmental grants-in-aid." The importance of political and social factors in economic policymaking is stressed.

44. "Background Report on Food and Nutrition in Latin America and the Caribbean." Bulletin of the Pan American Health Organization 10 (1976):356-362. [NAL: RA431 P3] 6

Provides data on nutrition for the countries in the region.

45. BAIN, W. and PILGRIM, E.C. "The Training of Sub-Borrowers inder the Farm Improvement Credit Programme." A paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the CDB Farm Improvement Officers, CDB Office, Wildey, St. Michael's, Barbados, 20-25 June 1977. Pp. 20+4 charts. [USAID/B]

Emphasizes the need to help small farmers improve their agricultural practices, which the authors regard as being seriously deficient. Recommends greater use of Ministry of Agriculture extension staff in the CDB's FIC program. Also recommended are improvements in training methods and facilities, as well as centralized planning, coordination, and stimulation of sub-borrower training. of 46. BASKETT, [?] et al. Report of the Mission to Advise the University the West Indies on the Work of the Schcol of Agriculture, the Univer­ sity of the West Indies (Baskett Report). [?], 1965.

The authors concluded that extension services in countries served by the UWI need assistance in the form of in-service training in agricul­ tural subject matters, techniques of communication, program planning, and evaluation. They recommemded that the UWI establish a Department of Agricultural Extension.

47. BAYNES, Ronald A. Annual Progress Report of the R.F.E.P.(W.I.) Activities in Barbados, Grenada, St. Vincent and St. Lucia, for Period August 1, 1972 to July 31, 1973, St. Augustine, Trinidad: Faculty of Agriculture, UWI, 1973.

on Corn 48. "Effects of Fertilizer Placement and Time of Application Yields on Some Soils in the Caribbean." Proceedings, CFCS, 10th (1972):62-70.

The soils are in Barbados, St. Lucia, St. Vincent, and Grenada. Islands." 49. "Hybrid Maize Performance in Some Eastern Caribbean Proceedings, CFCS, 7th (1969):212-218.

"In field trials in the 1967 and 1968 wet seasons, the maize hybrid X304 was grown at 50-650 ft. alt. on 12 different soils in Barbados, Grenada, St. Vincent and St. Lucia. Soils ranged from calcareous clays in Barbados to markedly acid sands in St. Vincent and the rain- fall during the cropping ranged from 20.8 to 31.7 in. Mean on maximum grain yields ranged from 2434 lb grain (15% moisture)/ac Woburn clay in Grenada, which experienced unseasonal dry periods during the experiment, to 4460 lb on Bouldery sand in St. Vincent." [CAB/ABS ].

in the 50. "The Ideal Environment for Effective Agricultural Credit Caribbean." Proceedings, WIAEC, 12th (1977):175-180. is The author's "major thesis is that agricultural credit by itself meaningless. The major task immediately before us is to identify individuals in our several countries with entrepreneurial skills and 7

drive and so to set the stage that they would be drawn into the farming sector. With this accomplished, the supports will follow because, by definition, the dynamic agro-businessman is a go-getter. The missing piecus will fall into place when the right men and women are fully awakened to the untapped )otential in Caribbean farming." The author is an agricultural advisor with Barclay's Bank in Barbados.

51. . "The Influence of Plant Density and Low Width on Corn (Zea mays L.) Yield on Three Soils in the Eastern Caribbean." Proceedings, CFCS, 10th (1972):56-61.

The soils are in Barbados, Grenada, and St. Vincent.

52. ----. "Sweet Potato Varieties in the Eastern Caribbean," Caribbean Farming 3. No. 4(1972):20-21. [NAL: S19 C3]

A brief report on research in Barbados, Grenada, and St. Vincent. Yield data are provided.

53. ---- ""Yield of Maize (Zea mays L.) in Four Caribbean Islands as Influenced by Variety and Plant Density." Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad) 49 (January 1972):37-49.

Presents results of research over a 3-year period on tropical hybrid maize cultivars and local selections in Barbados, Grenada, St. Lucia, and St. Vincent.

54. ----, and WALMSLEY, D. Fertility Evaluation of Some Soils in the Eastern Caribbean. Report No. 17. St. Augustine, Trinidad: Depart­ ment of Soil Science, UWI, 1973. Pp. 80. [CARDI]

55. ---- , and ---. "Mineral Nutrition of the St. Vincent Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)." Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad) 51 (January 1974):27-35.

"Plant uptake of mineral numtients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S) was determined at two-week intervals up to harvest at 105 days from sowing. The data indicate that these nutrients were accumulated in sufficient amounts for maximum yield of this variety and that lack of response to fertilizers was attributable to an adequate supply of nutrients from the soil. Fertilizer requirements to maintain soil fertility were calculated" [Authors' abstract].

56. BECKFORD, George L. "Agriculture and Economic Development." Caribbean Quarterly 1. (March-June 1965):50-63.

Argues that economic development in the region can be accelerated by increasing food production for the domestic market. But for this to occur, the "built-in bias toward export production" must change. Structural reform (to dismantle the plantation system) and changes in trade policies are called for.

57. -.. , ed. Caribbean Economy. Mona, Jamaica: ISER/UWI, 1975. Pp. 181. [SAIG] A collection of 7 papers, on various aspects of Caribbean economic development, together with a bibliography.

58. "Economic Orgenization of Plantations in the Third World." Studies in Comparative International Development 7 (Fall1972):243-263.

59. ----. "Institutional Foundations of Resource Under-development in the Caribbean." In Resource Development in the Caribbean. Montreal: Centre for Developing Area Studies, McGill University, 1972. Pp. 21-37.

60. "Land Reform for the Betterment of Caribbean Peoples." Proceed­ ings, WIAEC, 7th (1972):25-39.

Argues that redistribution of land from the plantations to the peasantry will increase employment, national income, and foreign exchange earnings, and would result in a significant redistribution of income. Credit and extension are recommended to accompany redis­ tributior. Argues that freehold tenure systems will always result in unequal distribution of land and therefore should be abolished. Recommends state ownership and rental of lans to small farmers on a long-term basis.

61. ----. "Peasant Movements and Agrarian Problems in the West Indies: Aspects of the Present Conflict between the Plantation and the Peasantry." Caribbean Quarterly 18 (March 1972):47-53.

62. ----. Persistent Poverty: Underdevelopment in Plantation Economies of the Third World. New York: Oxford University Press, 1972.

An insightful analysis of the economic and social consequences of the plantation system, which Beckford argues continues to exist to a sub­ stantial degree despite the achievement of political independence in much of the Caribbean and elsewhere in the Third World. Beckford sees the escape from "persistant poverty" as coming only from the destuction of the plantation system and the establishment of a less-open economy geared more toward production for the domestic market and for a regional market integrating the individual plantation economies whose small size inhibits development. Greater control of economic activity by nationals, and less by foreigners, is urged. This book is required reading for all students of the Caribbean.

63. ----. "Plantation Society: Toward a General Theory of Caribbean Society." Savacou 5 (June 1971):7-22.

64. "Socioeconomic Change and Political Continuity in the English- Speaking Caribbean." Studies in Comparative International Dvelop­ ment (1977/78).

65. ----. "Toward Rationalization of West Indian Agriculture." In Papers Presented at the Regional Conference on Devaluation, 1968. Kingston, Jamaic-: ISER, UWI, 1968. Pp. 147-154. [ISER]

66. ----- The West Indian Banana Industry. Studies in Regional Economic Integration, Vol. 2, No. 3. Mona, Jamaica: ISER, UWI, 1967. Pp. 33. [LTC; BDDI 9

67. ----, and BROWN, Headley. "Possibilities for West Indies- Trade in Bananas." In West Indies-Canada Economic Relations. Mona, Jamaica: ISER, UWI, 1967. Pp. 103-123. [ISER]

68. ---- , and GUSCOTT, M.H. Intra-Caribbean Agricultural Trade. Studies in Regional Economic Integration, Vol. 2, No. 2. Mona, Jamaica: ISER, UWI, 1967. Pp. 30. [LTC; BDD]

69. BECKFORD, Hansel A., and CAMPBELL, Lewis G. "Lambie Study--Subsequent Developments (A Programme for Implementation)." A paper presented at the Seminar on the Use of Sugar Cane as an Animal Feed, Wildey, Barbados, 1977. [CDB]

70. BELL, W.L. "Piece of Unrepeatable History? The British Development Division in the Caribbean." Round Table, No. 267 (July 1977):268-276.

71. BENJAMIN, C. "Modification of a Corn Sheller to Shell Pigeon Peas." Unpublished Special Project Report, Department of Mechanical Engineering, St. Augustine, Trinidad, 1971.

72. BENJAMIN, M.P. Food Production and Marketing in the Eastern Caribbean. Technical Report No. 3. Bridgetown, Barbados: CDB, 1971. [CDB]

73. BENNETT, Fred D. "Outbreaks of Elasmopalpus lignosellus (Zell.) (Lepidoptera: Phycitidae) on Sugar-cane in Jamaica, Barbados and St. Kitts." Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad) 39 (April 1962):153-156.

"Outbreaks of [this] pest . . . are recorded for the first time. These appear to be correlated with the burning of cane trash prior to or following reaping, and factors which may be responsible for this association are postulated. The parasites recorded from this insect sre given and the possibilities of biological control are discussed."

74. ----, and PSCHORN-WALKER, H. "Recent Investigations on the Biological Control of Diatraea spp. in Trinidad, the Lesser and Barbados." Proceedings of the International Society of Sugar Cane Technologists, 13th (1968):1321-1330. INAL 65.9 IN84J

"Although some promising results have been obtained with the recent intensive biological control against Diatraea spp. in Barbados, the economic impact of parasite liberations has to date been practically nil.. . . The reasons possibly for this persistent failure are discussed and future research on this problem is also suggested" [Authors' abstract]. There are also brief reports on 8 other islands.

75. ----, and YASEEN, M. "Parasite Introductions for the Biological Control of Three Pests in the and British Honduras." PANS 18, No. 4 (1972):468-474.

76. BERGMANN, Denis. "Le d~veloppement agricole des Petites Antilles." Revue Tiers-Monde 15 (April 1974):363-380. 10

"The Lesser Antilles have special development difficulties: low resource base-overpopulation; small size-island economies; unemploy­ ment-brain drain. Expansion of increases the cultural dependence. More self-sufficiency in food through agricultural progress is thus recommended. This requires structural reform creating small and medium farms--which will need support. Training and animation activities should therefore get high priority, as well as research. Above all, there is need for the political will to reduce dependence and inequalities" [A.T.A., February 1975].

77. BERRY, Glyn R. "The West Indies in Canadian External Relations: Present Trends and Future Prospects." Canadian Public Policy (Guelph) 3 (Winter 1977):50-62.

Discusses aid, trade, investment, and immigration.

78. BEST, Lloyd. "Current Development Strategy and Economic Integration in the Caribbean." In Caribbean Integration, ed. S. LEWIS and T.G. MATHEWS. Rio Piedras, P.R.: ICS, UPR, 1967. Pp. 58-76. [ISER]

79. ----. "The Economy of the Commonwealth Caribbean: An Overview." In West Indies-Canada Economic Relations. Mona, Jamaica: ISER, UWI, 1967.

80. ---- ; LEVITT, Kari; et al. Externally Propelled Industrialization and Growth in the Caribbean. 4 vols. Mimeographed. Montreal: Centre for Developing Area Studies, McGill University, 1968.

81. BETTENDORF, Richard J. A Review of Ocean Transportation in the Upper Eastern Caribbean with Probable Trends and Their Effects on Port Development. Bridgetown, Barbados: CDB, 1971. [BDD]

82. BIRD, Edris. "The Role of Wumen in Social and Economic Development in the Caribbean." In Report of Consultation on Social and Economic Development in the Eastern Caribbean held in St. Vincent, November 26-30, 1968. Port-of-Spain,Trinidad: Superservice Printing Co., 1969.

83. BIRLA, S.C. "Feeding and Its By-Products--An Economic Assesment." A paper presented at the First Regional Livestock Meeting, St. Augustine, Trinidad, 21-25 September 1975.

84. BISHOP, George. "Sugar 'Bringing About Its Own Downfall'." West Indies Chronicle (January/February 1975):37.

85. BLENMAN, E.H.Morris. "Transportation and Regional Integration in the Caribbean." Ph.D. Dissertation, McGill University, Montreal, 1976. [DAI 37 (November 1976):3176-A]

Develops a model to show how transportation investments might have affected the various islands in the region, and then tests the model against actual experience from 1955 to 1970. Concludes that "initial endowment accounted for far less, and transportation change for more of the subsequent inequalities of trade than has been accepted in the past." 86. BLUME, Helmut. "Die Britischen Inseln iber dem Winde (Kleine Antillen): Grundbesitz und Betriebsformen in ihrem Einfluss auf das Bild der Kiturlandschaft." Erdkunde 15 (1961) :265-287.

87. .----The Caribbean Islands. London: Longman Ltd., 1974. Pp. 464. [NAL: GF526 B53; U.S. Dept. State: F1612 B55]

A general geographical survey, originally published in German in 1968.

88. ----. "Types of Agricultural Regions and Land Tenure in the West Indies." Revista Geogr~fica (Brazil) 67 (December 1967):7-20.

Argues that "the development of a viable peasantry is the precondi­ tion for the improvement of the social stricture of agriculture. Peasant farms have given proof that they are able to produce not only for local markets but also for export."

89. . "Wirtschaftslandschaften und Agrarsozialstruktur in Westindien." Geographische Rundschau: Zeitschrift fuer Schulgeographie 19 (December 1967):449-457.

90. BOX, H.E. "Status of the Moth-borer, Diatraea saccharalis (F.), and its Parasites in St. Kitts, Antigua and St. Lucia; with Observations on and an Account of the Situation in ." Proceedings of the International Society of Sugar Cane Technologists, 10th (1960): 901-914. [NAL 65.9 IN84]

91. BRAITHWAITE, Lloyd. "Social and Political Aspects of Rural Development in the West Indies." Social and Economic Studies 17 (September 1968): 264-275. (Originally presented at the Third WIAEC, 1968)

Argues that "rural development in the West Indies has largely been conceived as a spreading out of the superior urban standards into the rural areas. There is little resistance to the provision of such amenities. Indeed the problem is one of failure to satisfy the demand or to render that demand economic. The cultural factors inhibiting rural development lie largely in the failure to provide sufficient education related to the every-day life of the people; and the failure to adapt standards to the way of life of the people."

92. BRATHWAITE, C.W.D. What Is a Nematode? Extension Bulletin.No. 29. St. Augustine, Trinidad: DAE, UWI, April 1977.

93. ---- ; PHELPS, Ralph H.; and BENNETT, Fred D., eds. Crop Protection in the Caribbean. Proceedings of a Symposium on the Protection of Horticultural Crops in the Caribbean, University of the Wast Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad, 1974(?). Pp. 319. [NAL: SB599 S95 19P41

Contains 29 papers on issues and research in plant pathology, nema­ tology, weed science, and entomology.

9L. BP.ZELTON, W. Robert. "The Caribbean: A Survey of Economic Problems and Policies." In The Family in the Caribbean, ed. Stanford GERBER. Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico, ICS, UPR, 1968. Pp. 27-46. [ISER] 12

95. BRESSANI, R. "The Role of Small Animal Species in Nutrition and Food Production (Latin American and Caribbean Diet)." Bulletin of the Pan American Sanitary Bureau 10 (1976):293-300. [NAL: RA431 P3]

96. BREWSTER, Havelock R. "Caribbean Economic Integration Problems and Perspectives." Journal of Common Market Studies 9 (June 1971):282-298.

Useful background material on the national, regional, and international politics and economics of Caribbean integration.

97. ---- , and THOMAS, C.Y. The Dynamics of West Indian Economic Integration. Studies in Regional Economic Integration, Vol. 1. Mona, Jamaica: ISER,UWI, 1967. [ISER]

98. ----, and .... "Trade between the West Indies and Canada." In West Indies-Canada Economic Relations. Mona, Jamaica: ISER, UWI, 1967. Pp. 14-61. [ISER]

British Development Division in the Caribbean. See United Kingdom. Ministry of Overseas Development.

99. BROWN, Adlith. "Caribbean Mini-States and the Caribbean Common Market." In Size, Self-Determination and International Relations: The Caribbean, ed. Vaughan A. LEWIS. Mona, Jamaica: ISER, UWI, 1976. Pp. 122-157.

100. BROWN, A.; BROWN, H.; and GIRVAN, N. "Patterns of Consumption and Possibilities for Change." In Papers Presented at the Regional Conference on Devaluation, 1968. Kingston: ISER,UWI, 1968. Pp. 109-129.

101. BROWN, Headley A. "Import Substitution and West Indian Agriculture." Proceedings, WIAEC, 4th (1969).

102. ----, and ANDERSON, Errol. "Economic Development in the West Indies and the Peasantry." Social Scientist (Jamaica) 2 (1963-64):21-24.

103. ----, and McINTYRE, Alister. Commonwealth Caribbean Bananas and the Enlarged EEC. N.p., 1972. [CDB1

104. BROWN, William H. Marine Fisheries of the British West Indies. Berkeley : Department of Geography, University of California, 1967. Pp. 106.

105. BROWNELL, Willard N. "New Approaches to Fisheries Development and Conservation in the Eastern Caribbean." Caribbean Conservation Association Environmental Newsletter 2 (January 1971):44-46.

106. BRYDEN, John M. The Contribution of Agriculture to the Economic Growth of the Former Federation of the West Indies, 1955-1965. Occasional Series No. 3. St. Augustine, Trinidad: DAEFM, UWI, 1968. [BDD] 13

107. "The Impact of the Tourist Industries on the Agricultural Sectors: The Competition for Resources and Food Demands Aspects (with Special Reference to the Smaller Economies of the Region." Proceedings, WIAEC, 9th (1974):153-165.

"There is some ecidence to suggest that there has been a perverse relationship between tourism and agriculture in at least some of the smaller Caribbean islands, where tourism and related construction activities grew rapidly during the 1960s. The fiscal structure itself, with its heavy reliance in import duties on necessities places a rela­ tively large part of the burden of finincing the contribution of government to tourist development on the lower income groups." [CAB/ABS: 5307251

108. ----. Tourism and Development: A Case Study of the Commonwealth Caribbean. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ]973.

109. ---- , and FABER, Mike. "Multiplying the Tourist Multiplier." Social and Economic Studies 20 (March 1971):61-82.

Like the LEVITT-GULATI article (1970), this article criticizes the ZINDER Report (1969) on tourism prospects in the Eastern Caribbean, pointing out that the multiplier analysis fails to account for import leakages. It is also stated that the Report totally ignores the social consequences of tourism.

110. BRYDEN, R.N. "A Study on Fertilizer Use in the West Indies, 1946-64." D.T.A. Report, UWI, St. Augustine, 1965. Pp. v+43+xvi.

111. BUCK, Wilbur F. Agriculture and Trade of the Caribbean: , , the Guianas, and British Honduras. Document No. ERS-Foreign 309. Washington, D.C., May 1971. Pp. 102. [AID/W: LAC/DR/RD; NAL A281.9 AC83]

112. BUCKMASTER, Michael H. "Further Aspects of Land Purchase in the Leewards and Windwards." Chronicle of the West India Committee (April 1965): 199-200.

113. "Some Aspects of Land Purchase and Development on the Leewards and Windwards." Chronicle of the West India Committee 80 (January 1965):17-18. ll. BUCKMIRE, George E. "The Future Possibilities of Caribbean Export Crops in the Metropolitan Markets." Proceedings, WIAEC, 6th (1971) :181-191.

115. "Land Use and Agricultural Development in the Commonwealth Caribbean." Proceedings, eIAEC, 7th (1972):40-47.

Describes land use and land use policy. Recommends several measures needed for a "progressive" land use policy to protect land resources and regulate ownership and control. Favors zoning of agricultural land. 116. . "Rationalization as an Instrument for Development of Caribbean Agriculture." Proceedings, WIAEC, 8th (1973):9-21, with discussion, pp. 22-23.

Argues that "an important and immediate aim of rationalizing agricul­ tural production in the region would be to reduce the current degree of duplication and competition in agricultural activities and to work towards the achievement of greater complementarity among national agricultural programmes." Recognizes that"cooperation in agriculture will depend, in the final analysis, on political considerations and the degree of commitment to regional integration."

117. BUCKMIRE, K.U. "Identification and Control of the Major Pests Infecting Pulses." Extension Newsletter (UWI, St. Augustine) 8 (March 1977):17-22.

"The pulses covered in this guide are beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and soya bean (Glycine max). Because the pest situation is constantly changing the farmer should carefully inspect his fields at least once weekly and apply insect control only when the pest population is at a particular level. Notes on the major pests, their d:.stribution, importance and some chemical and cultural control measures on fields and during storage, are listed." [A.T.A., April 1978]

118. BUTTERWORTH, M.H., and HOUGHTON, T.R. "The Use of Surplus Bananas for Pig Feeding in the West Indies." Empire Journal of Experimental Agriculture 31 (January 1963).

119. CACHO, C.P. "A Policy Framework for Rationalization of West Indian Agriculture." In Papers Presented at the Regional Conference on Devaluation, 1968. Kingston: ISER,UWI, 1968. Pp. 155-161. [ISER]

120. ----. "Rationale for Changes in the Directional Emphasis of Commonwealth Caribbean Trade." In Regionalism and the Commonwealth Caribbean, ed. Roy PREISWERK. St. Augustine, Trinidad: Institute of International Relations, [1968]. Pp. 33-4o. [ISER]

121. CAMPBELL, J.A. "Food Legislation in Six Caribbean Countries." Cajanus 8 (1975):115-127.

Briefly reviews food legislation in Trinidad-Tobago, Jamaica, Barbados, Guyana, St. Lucia, and St. Kitts-Nevis-(Anguilla). Suggestions are made for additional legislation.

122. ----. "Recommended Dietary Allowances for Caribbean Countries." Cajanus 7 (February 1974):18-20.

A brief critical comment on FAO/WHO and other recommended allowances for Barbados, Guyara, Trinidad, and Jamaica.

123. CAMPBELL, Lewis G. "Agricultural Engineering for a Developing Caribbean." St. Augustine, Trinidad: UWI, 1971. [CDB] 15

124 . "Development of Appropriate Farming Systems: The Scope for Development Assistance." A Paper Presented at the Workshop on Inter­ national Rural Development, Sponsored by the Department of Agricultural Economics and Management, MacDonald College, Canada, in Cooperation with the Agricultural Economics Research Council of Canada, 21-22 June 1977. Pp. 15+Tables. [USAID/B; CDBI

Discussed assistance needs in the areas of land reform, manpower development, marketing institutions, research, extension, and physical services.

125. . "Mechanisation of Agriculture in Small, Highly Populated Caribbean Islands." A paper presented at the 1971 Winter Meeting, American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Chicago, Ill., 7-10 December 1971. [CDB]

126. "Production Methods in West Indian Agriculture." Caribbean Quarterly 8 (June 1962):9h-loh.

Stresses the need to increase labor productivity, and suggests that labor inputs be reduced through mechanization of field work and sim­ plification of field practices.

127. ----. "Strategies for Maximising Self-Sufficiency in Food in the Region." Proceedings, WIAEC, 10th (1975): Vol. I, Pp. 5h-65.

A survey of the current state of regional agriculture. The author argues that local foods need to be better presented, improved in quality, and in some cases processed. Policy recommendations are made in the areas of land use, marketing and prices, transportation, credit, manpower development, transfer of technology, and regional integration.

128. "Technological Implications for Employment Generation in the Rural Sector of the Caribbean." Paper prepared for a Symposium on Employment Strategies and Programmes, 29th September-lOth October 1975. Wildey, Barbados: CDB, 1975. [CDB]

129. ---- ; CRUICKS.A:I:K, Arnold PT.; and YANKEY, J. Bernard. Agricultural Credit in General Rural Development and the Credit Strategy for Small Farmers in the Less Developed Countries of the English-Speaking Caribbean. Bridgetown, Barbados: CDB, 1976. Pp. 32. [CDB]

Discusses the role of the CDB . . . [A]fter identifying the constraints to the further expansion of small farmer credit, recommendations are made for using agricultural credit in a package aimed at improving rural community life" [A.T.A., November 19761.

120. -- ; -; and ----. "Coordination of Credit Activities between Caribbean Development Bank, National Credit Institutions, and Govern­ ments of the Less Developed Countries of the English-Speaking Caribbean." Paper presented at the Seminar on Agricultural Credit for Small Farmers, Paramaribo, Surinam, 2-10 March 1976. [CDB] 16

131. et al. Agricultural Research in the-.Caribbean Community Region: A Report with Special Reference to the Role of the Regional Research Centre (RRC. N.p.: Caribbean Economic Community, 2 November 1973. Pp. 82. [USAID/B; CDB]

An evaluation of existing research programs and recommendations for change. The authors report that the needs of small farmers in the production of domestic crops and non-traditional exports have been grossly neglected. Extension efforts are regarded as weak. A new research organization, with a region-wide focus, is recommended.

132. Canadian High Comission, Barbados. "Canada and the Eastern Caribbean: Two Decades of Development." Bridgetown, [1975?]. Pp. 8. [USAID/B]

Brief description of programs for which the Canadian government has provided assistance since 1958.

133. Canadian International Development Agency [CIDA]. Canadian Co-operation with the Commomwealth Caribbean: Agriculture. Sector Paper 1. Ottawa(?), October 1976. Pp. 81+317+41. [BDD; CIDA]

134. ----. Canadian Development Co-operation with the Commonwealth Caribbean: [Country Chapters]. Ottawa?, 1976. [BDD; CIDA]

Includes country chapters for Barbados, Belize, and each of the Windwards and Leewards.

135. ----. Barbados Office. [Proceedings of the] Seminar on Sugar Cane as Livestock Feed. Bridgetown, Barbados, 1973. [CDB]

136. "Cane Mechanization in the West Indies." International Sugar Journal, No. 898 (October 1973):304-306.

137. Caribbean Agricultural Research and Development Institute [CARDII. CARDI Newsletter. Monthly since May 1977.

Brief notes on CARDI's programs in through the region.

138. ----. Progress Report of the 0DM Project on Virus Diseases of Yams (October 1, 1974 to September 30, 1975). Technical Report No. 2. St. Augustine, Trinidad, UWI, November 1975. Pp. 27. [CARDI]

139 - .----Research Report. [St. Augustine, Trinidad], annual. [CARDI]

An annual summary of agricultural research findings.

140 . Summary of Work Proranme. [St. Augustine, Trinidad, 1976?]. Pp. 48. [USAID/B; CARDI]

A description of CARDI's research progeams in food legumes and cereals, root crops, vegetables, other crops, livestock, as well as its out­ reach programs and special projects in biometrics research and monitoring of pesticides. 17

141. Caribbean Community. The Caribbean Community: -A Guide. Georgetown, Guyana, 20 June 1973. [AID/V: LA/CAR]

142 - .----CARICOM Feeds Itself: Basic Answers to the Questions Most Often Asked about the Regional Food Plan. Georgetown, Guyana, October 1977. Pp. 23. [CARDI]

143. ----. A Digest of Trade Statistics of Caribbean Community Member States, Georgetown, Guyana, September 1976. Pp. 124. [AID/W: LAC/DR/RD]

144. ----- [Proceedings of the] Meeting on the Agricultural Protocol. Georgetown, Guyana, annual(?). [CDB]

145. ----. Prospective Demand for Food in the Caribbean. Georgetown, Guyana, 1976. [CDB]

146. ----. Report of the First Meeting of the Livestock Sub-Committee of Regional Agricultural Planners, Kingston, Jamaica, 12-14 February 1.976. Pp. 25+Annexes. [CARDI]

147. ----. [Report of the] Meeting of the Working Party on Cotton, 2nd, St. Johns, Antigua, 15-16 November 1976. Georgetown, Guyana, 1976, [CDB]

148. ----. "A Summary of the Revised Country Programmes." Georgetown, Guyana, 19 March 1976. Pp. 8. [AID/W: LA/DR/RD; SAIG]

149 - .----Export Promotion Training Programme. Export Marketing. Reports on Regional Seminars No. 4, St. Kitts/Nevis/Anguilla, 25-29 August 1975.

150. ----. --. Packaging of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables. Reports on Regional Seminars No. 2, Guyana, 9-13 December 1974.

151 - . .-- Promotion of Non-Traditional Agricultural Products to Extra- Regional Markets. Reports on Regional Seminars No. 1, St. Lucia, 29 April to 10 May 1974.

152. ----. --. Report on the CARICOM Marketing Study Tour to Canada and the USA, 18 October to 13 November 1975. Reports on Regional Seminars No. 5.

153. --. -.-- . Report on the CARICOM Marketing Study Tour to Western Europe, 31 May to 23 June, 1976. Reports on Regional Seminars No. 6. Georgetown, Guyana(?): Centre, UNCTAD/GATT, and Caribbean Community Secretariat, n.d. Pp. 25+ Annexes.

154. - - - Training of Trade Commissioners, Commercial Attaches and Senior Trade Officials. Reports on Regional Seminars No. 3, Trinidad and Tobago, 21 April to 2 May 1975.

155. ---- et al. [Proceedings of the] Seminar on the Promotion of Non- Traditional Agricultural Products from the CARIFTA/CARICOM Member States to Extra-Regional Markets, St. Lucia, 29 April-10 May 1974. Georgetown, Guyana, 197h. [CDB] id

156. Caribbean Development Bank. Annual Report.

157. ---. Avocados in the Eautern Caribbean. Bridgetown, Barbados: CDB, 1973. [CDB]

158. ---. CDB Agricultural Policy in the Less Developed Countries of the Eastern Caribbean. Technical Report No. 7. Bridgetown, Barbados, February 1972. Pp. 31. [AID/W: LAC/DR/RD; BDD; CDB]

159. ----. Country Investment Plans (CIPs) for Integrated Agricultural Development Project in the Less Developed Member States of the Caribbean Development Bank. Bridgetown, Barbados, 2 June 1977. PP. 59. [USAID/B]

Briefly describes economic conditions in the islands and the con­ straints to development in each of the LDCs. Projects activities under the farm improvement credit scheme and summarizes country investment plans for sub-projects under the integrated agricultural development project. Reviews agricultural development proposals and their estimated capital requirements.

160. ----- Notes on Costs and Returns for Long- and Short-Term Crops. Wildey, Barbados, August 1975. [AID/W: LAC/DR/RD; CDB]

161. The Production and Utilization of Locally Grown Animal Feeds. Bridgetown, Barbados: CDB, 1972. [CDB]

162. ----. A Report on Developing Agro-Industries in the Eastern Caribbean. Wildey, Barbados, 24-25 June 1975. Pp. 42. [AID/W: LAC/DR/RD; CARDI; CDB]

163. "Rural Development and Modernisation of the Small Farming Sector in the CARICOM Region." Bridgetown, Barbados, 3 January 1975. Pp. 19. [AID/W: LAC/DR/RD]

164. ----. Statistics in the Associated States, British Honduras, and Montserrat. Technical Series No. 6. Bridgetown, Barbados, 1972.

165. Caribbean Food and Nutrition Institute. Protein Foods for the Caribbean. Proceedings of a Conference held at Georgetown, Guyana, July 29.- August 1, 1968. Kingston, Jamaica: Boliver Press, n.d.

166. ----; Pan American Health Organization; and Food and Agriculture Organiza­ tion of the United Nations. Food Composition Tables for Use in the English-Speaking Caribbean. Kingston, Jamaica, 1974. Pp. 115. [NAL: 500 AS73]

167. . Food Balance Sheets for the Caribbean. Kingston, Jamaica and St. Augustine, Trinidad, 1976. Pp. 159. [CARDI]

Provides data for Barbados, Guyana, Jamaica, St. Lucia, Surinam, and Trinidad-Tobago. 19

168. Caribbean Free Trade Association [CARIFTA]. Protocol La~Rin Down Agricultural Marketing Arrangements Mentioned in Article 13 of the Agreement for Establishment of the Caribbean Free Trade Association. Georgetown, Guyana, 1968. [CDB]

169. Caribbean Industrial Research Institute [CARIRI]. [Annual Report]

170 . Pilot Plant Development of a Process to Produce Cane Sugar Using the Comfith Cane Separation System. 1 March 1978. Pp. 54+Annexes. [CIDA/B]

This study concludes that "there are clear indications that it may be technically feasible to produce an acceptable sugar on a commercial scale by direct evaporation of comfith juice to a dry product." However, "a substantial amount of further development work is required to produce an efficient, consistent process of the required capacity (30 TCD)."

171. Caribbean Meteorological Institute. Monthly-Weather Summary.

172. Caribbean Organization. The Banana Industry and Research: Developments in the Caribbean. A selection of papers prepared for the Banana Demonstration Tour held in Guadeloupe, February 17-25, 1964. Hato Rey, P.R., 1965. Pp. 254. [CARDI, BDD]

173. ----. Planning for Economic Development in the Caribbean. Seminar on Planning Techniques and Methods, San Juan, Puerto Rico, 30 January­ 7 February 1963. San Juan, Puerto Rico. 1963. [NAL: HC155 s4 1963;BDD]

Contains 10 papers on specific aspects of deveopment planning; among the contributors are W. Arthur Levis and Jan Tinbergen. Also contains short discussions of planning problems encountered by the Bahamas, Barbados, British Honduras (Belize), the British and U.S. Virgin Islands, Dominica, St. Lucia, and Puerto Rico.

174. Caribbean Plant Protection Commission. The Major Pests and Diseases of Economic Crops in the Caribbean. Rome, 1970. Pp. 28. [NAL: SB731 F6; BDD]

175. ----. Plant Pests of Importance to the Caribbean. Secs. I & II. Port­ of-Spain, Trinidad: FAO, 1972.

176. Caribbean Research Council. Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, Fisheries and Forestry. Caribbean Land Tenure Symposium. Washington, D.C., 1946. PP. 377. [U.S. Dept. State: HD403 C3]

177. CARRINGTON, Edwin W., and BLAKE, Byron W. "Tourism as a Vehicle for Caribbean Economic Development." N.p., [1976?] Pp. 46. [USAID/B]

The authors recommend "the elimination of alienation of lands including beaches, ensuring local ownership and management cf the tourist industry, promotion of employment of local labour, promotion of inter­ industry linkages and diversification of the tourist market." Existing inter-industry linkages, it is noted, are weak. 20

178. CECIL, Robert Gerald, "Spatial and Economic Characteristics of Fishing Activity in Selected Southeastern Caribbean Islands." Ph.D. Disser­ tation, McGill University, Montreal, 1973.

179. CHAMPION, J. "Reunion de I'ACORBAT en Jamaique (Association de Coospra­ tion de la Recherche Bananiere pour les Caraibes et l2Am6rique Tropicale), Kingston, 12-16 juillet 1971." Fruits 26 (November 1971): 723-732. [NAL: 80 F9492]

180. CHARLES, W.B. [Crop Bulletins (18)]. Extension Bulletins No. 11-28. St. Augustine, Trinidad: DAE, UWI, November 1974-March 1977.

Extension Bulletins for the following crops: 11. Tomato 17. Cucumber 23. Pigeon Pea 12. Pepper 18. Watermelon 24. Legumes 13. Eggplant 19. Pumpkin 25. Lettuce 14. Onion 20. Cabbage 26. Soyabean 15. Shallot 21. Cauliflower 27. Blackeye 16. Garlic 22. Carrot 28. Okra

181. CHINLOY, T. "Land Preparation and Sugar-caneVarities in the Caribbean." Sugar News 49 (April 1973):128-133. [NAL: 65.8 Su36 ]

182. CHISLETT, Geoffrey R., and YESAKI, Mitsuo. "Spiny Lobster Fishing Explorations in the Caribbean." Marine Fisheries Review 36 CSeptember 1974) :43-48.

183. CLARK, G.D.N. Report on Land Registration in the-Windward,and . [London: Colonial Office, n.d.] [ISER; BDD]"

184. CLARKE, L.B., and DURANT-GONZALEZ, V. Agriculture Sector Study. Draft Final Report, Caribbean Technology Policy Studies Project. Cave Hill, Barbados(?): Institute of Development Studies, University of Guyana, and ISER, UWI, 1977. [CDB]

185. CLARKE, Reginald. "Caribbean Development Bank and Agro-Industrial Development in the LDCs." N.p., 3 August 1976. [AID/W: LAC/DR/RD]

186. "Processing Technology for the LDCs in the Caribbean." Proceedings, WIAEC, 12th (1977):148-154.

"Based on an analysis for production levels of 2,500 units per day and current market prices, a food processing facility in the LDCs would have a financial rate of return of less than 10 per cent--surely not enough to interest private sector investment. Without such an installa­ tion, however, the existing seasonal gluts will continue with direct losses to farmers and/or to the government agencies which now function as guaranteed markets. It is believed that both of these sectors will have to collabotate to alleviate this situation. The form of collabora­ tion envisaged is a jointly owned processing facility with equity being held by the farming community and the marketing agency" [CLARKE]. 23.

187, ---- et al, AgrihusinessO pportunities in the.East Caribbean and Belize, N,p,; Foreign Development Division, Economic Research Ser­ vice, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and Caribbean Development Bank, September 1976. Pp. 145. [USAID/B; SAIG]

Discusses general and agricultural development in the region as a whole and in each of the 8 countries; evaluates existing agribusiness opportunities; and identifies new investmenb opportunities.

188. COKE, Lloyd B., and GOMES, P.I. Agriculture. Caribbean Technology Policy Studies Series. Cave Hill, Barbados: Institute of Development Studies, University of Guyana, and ISER, UWI, 1977. [CDB]

189. COLLINS, E.C., and CLOSE, E.C. "Caribbean Islands Offer Farm Export Opportunities." Foreign Agriculture 13, No. 42 (October 20, 1975): 8-9, 16. [NAL: A281.9 F76FO]

190. COLMET-DAAGE, F., and GUILLEMOT, J. "Factors Affecting Quality of Bananas in the West Indies: Finger Drop." In The Banana Industry and Research Develonments in the Caribbean, ed. Caribbean Organization. Hato Rey, P.R., 1965. Pp. 36-55. [ISER]

191. Commonwealth Caribbean. Regional Secretariat. CARIFTA and the New Caribbean. Georgetown, Guyana, 1971.

192. ---. . From CARIFTA to Caribbean Community. Georgetown, Guyana, 1972.

193. "Commonwealth Caribbean Rum." West Indies Chronicle CDecember 1969):617.

194. Commonwealth Development Corporation. Agricultural Investigation in the East Caribbean. Bridgetown, Barbados?, 1975.

195. "The Commonwealth Sugar Agreement." West Indies Chronicle (January 1972): 7-8. Also in The Farmer (1974):336-345.

196. COOK, Robert. "The Financial Cost of Malnutrition in the 'Commonwealth Caribbean'." Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 14 (June 1968):60-65.

197. . "Nutrition and Mortality under Five Years in the Caribbean Area." Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 15 (September 1969):109-117. Also in Ca.janus 3 (February 1970):2-9.

Estimates the nember of deaths at ages 1-23 months attributable to malnutrition.

198. ----. "Nutrition in the Caribbean." In Nutrition in the Community, ed. Donald S. McLAREN. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1976. Pp. 295­ 307. [NAL: TX353 N87]

199. ---- , and YANG, Yueh-Heng. "National Food and Nutrition Policy in the Commonwealth Caribbean." Bulletin of the Pan American Sanitary Bureau 8 (1974):133-142. Also in Cajanus 6 (April-June 1973):77-94. 22

The authors suggest a series of steps for developing a better food and nutrition policy in the region,

200. CORNFORTH, I.S. "Chlorophyll Compounds and Nitrogen Availability in West Indian Soils." Plant and Soil 30 (1969):113-116.

201. ---. "Nitrogen in West Indian Soils."' Proceedings of the Soil Science Conference, UWI, Cave Hill, Barbados, 1969.

202. ----. "Nitrogen Mineralization in West Indian Soils." Experimental Agriculture 7 (August 1971):345-349.

203. ----. "The Potential Availability of Organic Nitrogen Fractions in Some West Indian Soils." Experimental Agriculture 4 (1968):193-201.

204. ----. "A Review of Work on Nitrogen in West Indian Soils." Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad) 51 (April 1974):145-153.

"It is concluded that the amount of nitrogen in the soil depends on vegetation, rainfall and soil drainage and that the supply of nitrogen available to plants frequently depends on rainfall and on the base­ status of soils rather than on the total amount of N present. This implies that laboratory tests for nitrogen supplying potential have little value. Fertilizer dressings should be based on soil type, climate and crop demand; vegetative crops on long cultivated, base­ deficient soils are more likely to respond to fertilizer N than those on newly cultivated soils with high base status" [Author's abstract].

205. ---- , and WALMSLEY, D. "Methods of Measuring Available Nutrients in West Indian Soils: 1. Nitrogen." Plant and Soil 35 (1971):389-399.

206. COULTER, J.K. Regional Research Soil Survey. St. Augustine, Trinidad: Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture, UWI, 1961-63.

207. ----. "Soil and Land Use Problems in the West Indies." World Crops 15 (September 1963):349-354, 368.

The author finds that, "though the soil and land use problems . . . are serious, there is at least a recognition that such problems do exist and much thought and money is being given to their solution." Decreased emigration, it is pointed out, will increase pressure on the land.

208 ---- and TWYFORD, I.T. "Agronomic Research in the Windwards and Leewards." Report No. 1. [St. Augustine, Trinidad: Department of Soil Science, 1961?]. Pp. 25. [CARDI; BDD]

"We have given a brief resume of the agriculture of each island visited, and have included what the Departments of Agriculture considered were the agricultural problems which required investigation. Also included are some statistics of agricultural production and brief details of such records of past experiments as we could find. We have summarized the agronomic problems under different crops and have given detailed agronomic programmes in the appendices" [COULTER and TVYFORD]. 23

209. CRASSWELLER, Robert D, The Caribbean Community: Changing Societies and U.S. Policy. New York: Praeger Publishers for the Council on Foreign Relati.ons, 1972. [NAL: F975 C7; ISER/UWICECI; U.S. Dept, State F2161 C7h; GWU: F2161 C78]

A general survey of the Caribbean, with proposals for U.S. policies, The Commonwealth Caribbean is discussed in Chapter 7,

210. CRICHLOW, K. "Design of a Pigeon Pea Sheller," Unpublished Special Report, Department of Mechanical Engineering, UWT, St. Augustine, Trinidad, 1972.

211. CROKER, Richard S. The Shrimp Industry of Central America, the , and Northern South America. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of the Interior, 1967. [BDD]

212. CROPPER, John. "Prospects for the Development of Beef and Milk in the West Indies." Mimeographed. St. Augustine, Trinidad: DAEFM, UWI, 1969.

213. "Some Economic Aspects of Food Crop Production in the West Indies." Proceedings, CFCS, 5th (1967) :14o-149.

214. ---- , and EDWARDS, David T. "An Economic View of the Development of New Production Systems, with Particular Reference to Root Crops in the West Indies." In The Economics of Root Crops in the West Indies, ed. Kenneth LESLIE. St. Augustine, Trinidad: UWI, 1968. Pp. 57-66. [ISER]

215. ----; SAMMy, George M.; and WILTSHIRE, W.W. "Food Processing and Inter­ dependence of Agriculture and Industry." Paper presented at the National Consultation on Agriculture, Chaguaramas, Trinidad, 19-23 March 1973.

216. CUMBERBATCH, E.R.St.J. "Prospects for Caribbean Agriculture." Working paper on Agriculture Related Science and Technology Development, 2nd Caribbean Seminar on Scientific and Technological Planning, UWI, Trinidad, 11-17 January 1976. Pp. 29. [AID/W: LAC/DR/RD]

217. "The Trauma of Agricultural Diversification." Keynote address, Pastors Agricultural Seminar on Mini-Agri-business, UWI, St. Augustine, Trinidad, h September 1973. [CDB]

218. CUMPER, George E., ed. The Economy of the West Indies. Kingston, Jamaica: United Printers, 1960. [ISER]

219. ----. "Labour and Development in the West Indies." Social and Economic Studies 10 (September 1961):278-305(Part I) and 11 (March 1962) :1-33 (Part II).

"It is the aim of the present thesis to explore the extent to which the systematic treatment of the social influences on the West Indian worker can be a fruitful adjunct to economic analysis in a study of produc­ tivity and economic development in this area" [CUMPER]. The study is based on information for Barbados and Jamaica. 24

220. ----. "The Relation of Certain Social Characteristics of the Labour Force to Productivity and to Economic Development in Jamaica and Barbados." Ph.D. Dissertation, University of London, 1959.

221. CUNNINGHAM, R.K. "Applied Soil Science Research in the Caribbean." Caribbean Quarlerly 12 (March 1966):35-40.

222. DALAI, R.C. "Effects of Intercropping Maize with Pigeon Peas on Grain Yiels and Nutrient Uptake." Experimental Agriculture 10 (1974):219-224.

223. DALE, S.J. A Review of Work with Livestock in the Caribbean, 1969/70 and Recommendations for the Future. N.p., 1970. [BDD]

224. DALY, P., and BROCHIER, J. "Dixieme congr~s annuel de la 'Caribbean Food Crop Society,' Mayaguez et San Juan (Porto Rico), 11-17 juin 1972." Agronomie Tropicale (Paris) 28 (August 1973):798-803. [NAL: 26 AG86]

225. DAVIS, Carleton G. "Agricultural Research and Agricultural Development in Small Plantation Economies: The Case of the West Indies." Social and Economic Studies 24 (March 1975):117-152.

Classifies into 6 categories the 27 research organizations in the region (out of 28) responding to the author's questionnaire. Critically evaluates their contribution to agricultural development. Notes that adaptive research is carried out in the region to a much greater extent than fundamental research. Few biochemical innovations have been generated. The author recommends that increased emphasis be placed on domestic crops as opposed to export crops.

226. ----. "The Organization and Economics of Agricultural Research in the West Indies: Strategy Implications for the 1970's." Ph.D. Disserta­ tion, Michigan State University, East Lansing, 1970. Pp. 505. [DAI 32 (July 1971):48-49-A; Order No. 71-18,189]

Fundamental research in the region was limited exclusively to sugar­ cane and cocoa. About half the research organizations devoted their adaptive research efforts to a single export crop; the others were working on a great variety of crops. "Experimental research results indicate that (1) crop varieties released by experimental stations displayed relatively small yield differential under N-P-K treatment as against no fertilization, (2) although some recommended crop varieties increased yields, it was unprofitable for many farmers to adopt the recommended practices, (3) experimental results for the best available technology were not significantly better than results attained by the better peasant farmers using traditional technology and (4) the only crop varieties that appear to represent improved inputs are the hybrid maize varieties X304 and X306 developed by the private Pioneer Hi-Bred Corn Company in Jamaica" [DAII.

227. DAVIDSON, Robert Barry. West Indian Migrants: Social and Economic Facts of Migration from the West Indies. London: Oxford University Press, 1962. Pp. 89. [ISER; U.S. Dept. State: JV7685 W D31 25

228. DEACON, H.F.E. "Experience in the Use and Development of Plantation Scale Fully Mechanized Harvesting in the Caribbean." Proceedings of the International Society of Sugar Cane Technologists, 13th (1968): 1496-1512. [NAL: 65.9 IN84]

Discusses the results of harvesting trials in Belize and Trinidad.

229. DE CASTRO, Steve. "Caribbean Integration and the West Indians." New World Quarterly 5 (1971/3):27-34.

230. ---- , and JEFFERSON, Owen. "A Tentative Appraisal of the Tourist Industry in the Commonwealth Caribbean." In Papers Presented at the Regional Conference on Devaluation, 1968. Mona, Jamaica: ISER/UWI, 1968. Pp. 179-194. [ISER]

231. DELGADO, P. "Machine Evaluation of the Pigeon Pea Sheller." Unpublished Special Project Report, Department of Mechanical Engineering, UWI, St. Augustine, Trinidad, 1973.

Tests of the machine developed by BENJAMIN (1971) and CRICHLOW (1972) found that the optimum co'racity was 4 pounds of shelled peas per minute, with no visible grain damage. But as NARAYAN and MacLAREN (1977: 13) report, the sheller in its present form is too expensive for commercial use.

232. DEMACQUE, D.J. "Programmes for Self-Sufficiency in Root Crops and Fruits." Proceedings, WIAEC, 10th (1970): Vol. II, pp. 82-90.

A rather general review of production and imports of root crops and fruits, and of government programs to achieve self-sufficiency.

233. "Demand for U.S. Wheat Expanding in Caribbean Area." Foreign Agriculture 13, No. 50 (December 15, 1975):16. [NAL: A281.9 F76FO]

234. DEMAS, William G. "The Caribbean Community and the Caribbean Development Bank." Speech delivered at a Seminar on Management in the Caribbean organized by the Management Development Centre of Trinidad and Tobago, Port-of-Spain, 2 December 1975. Pp. 23. [USAID/B]

Emphasizes the CDB's role in promoting regional integration. Notes that the slowness of disbursements of CDB loans is due in part to the "lack of managerial drive and capacity" in the member countries. Advocates management training to help ovcrcome this bottleneck.

235. ----. Caribbean Integration and Development. Mona, Jamaica: University of the West Indies, 1976.

236. ----. Change and Renewal in the Caribbean. Challenges in the New Caribbean No. 2. Barbados: CCC Publishing House, 1975. Pp. 60. [USAID/B ]

A collection of 6 addresses, whose common theme is "the need for changes in values and attitudes and in institutions in the English- Speaking Caribbean if sounder economies and better societies are to 26

be created.... " This requires, says the author, "a relevent Caribbean ideology of development and social change." The address on "Youth and Development" states that this ideology must motivate young people "to create employment for themselves, either in sole proprietorships or in co-operatives and to orient themselves more towards agriculture and rural development ."

237. ----. The Economics of Development in Small Countr.es with Special Reference to the Caribbean. Montreal: McGill University Press, 1965. [ISER]

238. ----. "Employment Policies and Youth Movements in the Caribbean." Slightly Revised Version of an Address Given to the Third Assembly Session of the Caribbean Assembly of Youth, Port-of-Spain, Trinidad, 29 January 1977. Pp. 19. [USAID/B]

The author calls for the adoption of a basic needs strategy, with a strong emphasis on rural development, to help cope with unemployment which is estimated to be about 50% in the 15-19 age group. He advo­ cates National Youth Services in the various countries and suggests that 1-2 years of service in meaningful development activities should be required of all youth prior to university entrance or immediately after completion of classroom studies.

239. ----. Essays on Caribbean Integration and Development. Introduction by Alister McINTYRE. Mona, Jamaica: ISER/UWI, 197. PP. 159. [SAIGI

240. "National Policies for Increasing the Utilisation of Labour in the Caribbean." Summary of a Talk given at the Symposium on Employ­ ment Strategies and Programmes, Barbados, 29 September-10 October 1975. Pp. 14. [USAID/B]

The author argues that the employment problem can be solved only by drastic changes in income distribution and in acess to economic resources. Agriculture and rural development, he maintains, should receive higher priority in the allocation of new investment funds and manpower resources.

241. "Planning and the Price-Mechanism in the Context of Caribbean Economic Integration." In Caribbean Integration, ed. S. LEWIS and T.G. MATHEWS. Rio Piedras, P.R.: Institute of Caribbean Studies, University of Peurto Rico, 1967. Pp. 77-100. [ISERI

242. ----. The Political Economy of the English-Speaking Caribbean: A Summary View. Study Paper No. 4, Caribbean Ecumenical Consultation for Development. 4th ed. Bridgetown, Barbados: The Cedar Press, July 1976. Pp. 38. [USAID/B]

This overview includes a discussion of attitudes, institutions, and natural conditions as obstacles to change. The proposed regional development strategy calls for greater economic and political inte­ gration, a larger role for the State, and "greater priority to agri­ culture and agriculture-based industries than to 'screwdriver' industries and luxury tourism." 27

243. ----. "The Prospects for Developing Agriculture in the Small Commonwealth Caribbean : The Role of the Small-Scale Farmer." Pro­ ceedings, WIAEC, 5th (1970):3-9.

244. ----. "Some Thoughts on the Caribbean Community." Georgetown, Guyana, 18 September 1974 (Revised). Pp. 58. [USAID/B]

An evaluation of the status, strengths, and weaknesses of the Caribbean Community by its outgoing Secretary General.

245. ----. West Indian Nationhood and Caribbean Integration. Challenges in the New Caribbean No. 1, ed. David I. MITCHELL. Barbados: CCC Pub­ lishing House, 1974. Pp. 74. [USAID/B]

A collection of 5 addresses. According to DEMAS, "It is obvious to everyone today that the West Indies (or English-speaking Caribbean) should, in the interests of their survival, integrate their economies (and, in as many countries as possible, their politics) and seek to develop a greater sense of West Indian identity. It is also becoming obvious that the Commonwealth Caribbean is, even as a collectivity, too small as an optimum unit for economic integration and that a wider unit which includes the wider non-English-speaking Caribbean is desirable."

246. "The Development of the Sugar Economy in the Commonwealth Caribbean." F.0. Licht's International Sugar Report 109, No. 4 (2 February 1977): 1-4. [NAL: 66.8 L61]

247. DEVENDRA, C. "Barbados Blackbelly Sheep of the Caribbean." Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad) 49 (January 1972):23-29. [NAL: 26 T754]

A brief description of the characteristics of these sheep, whose origin is unclear. Discusses additional research needed.

248. ----. "Goat Production in the Caribbean." British Goat Society Year Book, 1972. Pp. 46-49. [NAL: 40.19 B77]

249. ----. "The Mineral Content of Caribbean Feedingstuffs." Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad) 54 (January 1977):29-38.

"The macro-mineral compositions of about 200 randomly selected repre­ sentative samples of feedingstuffs, including 101 grasses, in the Caribbean, are reported. The calcium and phosphorus contents of the grasses were generally low and inagequate for dairy cattle but probably adequate for beef cattle. The magnesium content was adequate for all classes of livestock" [Author's abstract].

250. "Sheep of the West Indies (Breeds)." World Review of Animal Production 13 (January-March 1977):31-38. [NAL: 49 W89]

251. ---- , and GOHL, B.J. "The Chemical Composition of Caribbean Feeding- Stuffs." Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad) 47 (October 1970):335-341. 28

"The chemical composition of about 200 feedingstuffs common in the Caribbean and of value to the animal [are] presented. With the exception of grasses, the precise value and mineral status of most of the feedingstuffs await careful evaluation" [DEVENDRA and GOHLI.

252. DIBBS, John L. "Review of the UNDP/FAO Caribbean Fisheries Development Project, Phase 1, 1965-1969."1 In Proceedings of the Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute, 22nd (1970) :106-109.

253. DIGBY, Margaret. "The West Indies." In Agricultural Cooperation in the Commonwealth. Oxford: Basil Blackwell and Mott, Ltd., 1970. Pp. 125-138.

25h. DONEFER, E. Report on a Proposed Sugarcane Feeds Centre for the Faculty of Agriculture of the University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad. 2 vols. Submitted to CIDA, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada: MacDonald Campus, McGill University, July 1975. Pp. 80+Appendices. [CIDA/B]

Provides specific organizational and budgetary proposals. Also evaluates available technical information.

255. East Caribbean Common Market. Annual Digest of Statistics. St. John's, Antigua, annual. [197h Digest in AID/W: LAC/DR/RDS

256. East Caribbean Authority. Annual Report and Statement of Accounts.

Includes a summary of economic trends in the East Caribbean.

257. EATON, George E. "Canada--Sugar and the Commonwealth Caribbean." Caribbean Quarterly 18 (March 1972):72-86.

258. The Economist Intelligence Unit Ltd. Eastern Caribbean and British Honduras Industrial Survey: Prospects for Canning Fruits and Vege­ tables. London, 1972.

259. ----. Quarterly Review of The West Indies, Belize, Bahamas, Bermuda, Guyana. [NAL: HC151 Al E33]

Brief summaries of recent economic developments (regional and by country), together with selected economic indicators and details on foreign trade.

260. EDMUNDS, J.E. Seedbed and Nursery Soil Treatment for Pest and Disease Control. Extension Bulletin No. 2. St. Augustine, Trinidad: DAE, UWI, August 1970.

261. EDWARDS, David T. "The Development of the Dairy Industry in Jamaica and Barbados." Caribbean Quarterly l4 (September 1968):50-55.

Argues that "the prospects for an expansion of dairying in Barbados appear to be quite favorable in the 'long run' both on the production and consumption sides." Sho':t-run marketing problems, though, need to be resolved. 29

262. ----. "Small Farming in the Commonwealth Caribbean." Paper prepared for the Research Workshop on Problems of Agricultural Development in Latin America, , Venezuela, May 1971. [CDBI

263. ----. Some Statistical Tables of West Indian Agriculture. St. Augustine, Trinidad?: UWI, 1962.

264. . "The Study of Small Farm Agriculture: The Experience of the Commonwealth Caribbean." A paper prepared for the Purdue Workshop on Small-Farm Agriculture, 1972.

265. ----, and CROPPER, John. Agricultural Research in the West Indies: The Economic Background to Programs of Livestock and Crop Investigations. Trinidad: DAEFM, UWI, February 1967. [BDD]

Recommends that research efforts be concentrated on cattle (milk and meat), pigs, yams, sweet potatoes, legumes, cereals, and animal feeds.

266. ----, and .... "An Economic View of the Development of New Production Systems with Particular Reference to Root Crops in the West Indies." In Prodeedings of the International Symposium on Tropical Root Crops, ed. Egbert A. TAI et al. St. Augustine, Trinidad: UWI, 1967. Vol. 2(5) :57-66.

267. ----, and STRACHAN, O.M. "The Future of Small Farming in the Common­ wealth Caribbean: A Preliminary Consideration of Some of the Issues." Proceedings, WIAEC, 5th (1970) :74-77.

Argues that it is dangerous to view the "small farm" as homogeneous, to define it in terms of land size, and to include tiny pieces of land in this category. "Due attention should be paid to alternatives to small farming: to other size units and to various co-operative and collective farms of farm organization, in order to allow rational resource allocation in farm development" [EDWARDS-STRACHAN]. Experience with new land settlement schemes, it is said, should be closely monitored.

268. ELLIOTT, A.P. "The Effect of DBCP on the Nutrient Uptake and Growth of Banana Plants Grown in a Vermiculite Medium." Nematropica 5 (October 1975):21. (Summary)

269. ----, and EDMUNDS, J.E. "The Effect of DBCP Vapour on the Nutrient Status of a Sandy Clay Loam Soil." Nematropica 5 (October 1975):21. (Summary)

270. EMERSON, E.C. "Transportation and Economic Development in the Caribbean." West Indian Chronicle (July 1969). [BDD has reprint].

271. EMMANUEL, P.; LEWIS, V.; and McINTYRE, A. The Political Economy of Indenendence for the Leeward & Windward Islands. Georgetown, GuyanL" CARICOM, 1975. [BDD]

272. ENOCHIAN1, Robert V. Prospects for Agriculture in the Caribbean. Foreign Agricultural Economic Report No. 31. Washington, D.C.: USDA, 1970. Pp. 31. [NAL: A281.9 Ag8F No. 58] 30

273. ESSELEN, W.B., and SAMMY, G.M. "Preserving Caribbean Fruits." Caribbean Farming 4, No. 1 C1972):18, 21. [NAL: S19 C3]

Argues that a number of the region's minor fruits can be processed into acceptable jellies, preserves, nectars, syrups, and purees, or can be canned or frozen.

274. FERGUSON, Theodore U. "Agronomic Techniques in Yam (Dioscorea spp.) Production in the Caribbean." Proceedings, CFCS, 12th (1974):5-15.

275. ----. Los Baios Sitao No. 1--A New Variety of Bodie Bean for the Caribbean. Extension Bulletin No. 8. St. Augustine, Trinidad: DAE, UWI, July 1973.

276. ----. "The Development Potential for Root Crops in the Caribbean Region." Proceedings, WTAEC, 10th (1975): Vol. II, pp. 63-81.

This valuable review of information on root crops summarizes available data on existing yields and evaluates the potential for yield increases. Also examined is the potential for mechanization and for the use of major root crops as processed foods, as livestock feeds, and in indus­ try. Information is provided on pests and diseases and on the nutritive value of edible root crops. Argues that "the low level of management used by farmers is perhaps the greatest limiting factor in root crop production in the Caribbean region."

277. ----. "The Status and Future of Yams in the Caribbean." In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Tropical Root and Tuber Crops, 2nd (1973), Vol. II. Pp. 28-30. [NAL: SB209 IN52 1970]

"The level of agronomic technology practiced in the growing of yams in the Caribbean region is discissed. It was noted that low yields of under 12 tons/ha. are normally obtained. With the exception of Barbados, yams are generally grown by small farmers in mixed stands. Staking is sometimes necessary but it can be expensive. It is suggested that future research should be geared toward the production of non­ staking cultivars and to investigate the economics of fertilizer application and disease control. With the development of processing methods the future for yam growing in the area seems good" [Author's abstract].

278. ---- , and CLARKE, R. Cassava Production and Processing in St. Lucia and St. Vincent. Bridgetown, Barbados: CDB, January 1976. Pp. 45+ Appendices. [AID/W: LAC/DR/RD; CDB]

279. ---- , and GUMBS, Frank A. "Effect of Soil Compaction on Leaf Number and Area, and Tuber Yield of White Lisbon Yam." Proceedings of the Fourth Symposium of the International Society for Tropical Root Crops, Cali, Columbia, 1-7 August 1976. Ottawa, Canada: International Development Research Centre, 1977. Pp. 89-93. [CIDA/B] 31

The White Lisbon yam (D. alata L.) is the principal yam cultivar in Barbados, Trinidad, and other Eastern Caribbean islands. Soil compac­ tion in both the root and tuber compartments was found to result in lower tuber yield.

280. FINKEL, Herman J. "Patterns of Land Tenure in the Leeward and Windward Islands and Their Relevance to Problems of Agricultural Development in the West Indies." Economic Geography 40 (April 1964):163-172.

Describes the different patterns of land tenure in St. Kitts, Nevis, St. Lucia, and Dominica. Argues that there is little enthusiam for land ownership in St. Kitts and Nevis. The land tenure system in St. Kitts, where there is little private landholding, is said to be disad­ vantageous for diversification. In Dominica, technology on the large estates, many of themowned by absentee landlords, is said to be back­ ward; indiscriminate squatting by small farmers leads to soil erosion. In St. Lucia, the community property system inherited from the French occupation is said to be a major barrier to agricultural development.

281. Report on Agricultural Development in Dominica, St. Kitts, Nevis and St. Lucia, with Special Reference to the Utilization of Land and Water. Mona, Jamaica: UWI, 1962. [BBD]

282. FITZPATRICK, R., ed. An Abstract of Statistics of the Leeward Islands, Windward Islands, and Barbados. Mona, Jamaica: ISER,UWI, 1966. Pp. 73.

283. Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations. Caribbean Fishery Development Project: Project Results, Conclusions and Recom­ mendations. Rome, 1972.

284. ----- Feasibility Studies for Multi-National Food Production Schemes in the Caribbean Community. Draft report of the preliminary mission. Rome, 1975. [CDB]

285. ----- Fishery Development: Caribbean Region. Interim Report. Rome, 1969. [BDD]

286. ---- et al. Forest Industries Development in the CARIFTA Region. Prepared for CARIFTA by the FAO/ECLA/UNIDO Forest Industries Advisory Group for Latin America. Santiago, Chile: ECLA, 1974. [CDB]

287. ----. Nutrition and Applied Nutrition Techniques in the Caribbean, 1966 to 1972: Renort to the Governments of Trinidad and Tobago, St. Lucia, St. Kitts and Anguilla. Rome: FAO, 2973. [BDD]

288 - .---- Report of the FAO/DANIDA Expert Consultations on Extension Training in the Caribbean and Latin America. Document No. FAO/DEN/ TF 101. Rome, 1973. Pp. 55. [AID/W: LAC/DR/RD]

289. ----- Report on the F.A.0. Conference on Agricultural Marketing for the English Speaking Countries of the Caribbean Area Held at Kingston, St. Vincent, 1-9 December 1969. Rome, 1970. [BDD; CDB] 32

290. ----- Seminar on Agricultural Mechanization, Caribbean Region: Project Findings and Recommendations. Rome, 1976. Pp. 56. ICARDI]

Stresses that mechanization should be selective and must be part of an integrated approach to agricultural development.

291. Symposium on Investigations and Resources of the Caribbean Sea and Adjacent Regions, Willemstad, Curagao, 18-26 November 1968. FAQ Fisheries Reports, No. 71.2. Rome, September 1971. Pp. vi+347. [AID/W: LAC/DR/RD; NAL: SH234 S9 1968]

A major source of information on Caribbean fisheries.

292. ----- Western Central Atlantic Fishery Commission. [Papers of the First Session], Port-of-Spain, Trinidad, 20-24 October 1975. Rome, 1975. [CDBI

293. "Food Imports: Wheat." Cajanus 1, No. 1 (February 1968):13-21.

Discusses the region's high foreign exchange outlays for wheat and flour. Notes that it is very difficult to shift consumer preferences toward wheat substitutes. Such a shift, in any event, is not always desirable because the alternatives are uaually more expensive and less nutritious. Foreign exchange, it is noted, can be saved through increased in-country milling of wheat. Research on cassava bread, fortified with peanut or soybean meal offers some hope for a locally­ produced, acceptable product which will substitute for wheat bread.

294. FORDE, St.C.M.; PAYNE, H.W.; and WALMSLEY, D. Fertility Assesment of Some Soils in Antigua, Montserrat, St. Kitts and Dominica from Maize (Zea mays.) Field Trials. Report No. 18. St. Augustine, Trinidad: Department of Soil Science, University of the West Indies, 1975. Pp. 99+1 Table. [CARDII

295 ----- and WALMSLEY, D. A Guide to Fertilizer Use on Vegetable Crops in the Commonwealth Caribbean. Technical Bulletin No. 2. St. Augus­ tine, Trinidad: CARDI, July 1977. Pp. 27. [CARDI]

296. FRAMPTON, A. de K. "Land Tenure in Relation to the British West Indies." Caribbean Economic Review 4, Nos. 1-2 (1952):113-139. [ISER]

297. FRANCIS, F.A., and SUPERSAD, S.M. Tax Policy and Tax Administration in the Less Developed Countries of the Caribbean Community. Prepared for USAID, Regional Development Office/Caribbean. Port-of-Spain, Trinidad, [19771

A comprehensive review. "Looking specifically at some of the major administrative deficiencies," the authors report, "it was clear to us that the effect of these was to increase significantly the relative burden on the lower income groups and reduce that on the higher incomes even where government was sufficiently cognisant of these deficiencies to take steps to introduce new tax measures to compensate." 33

298. FRANCIS, Gloria. Food Crop Production in Barbados and Its Response to CARIFTA/CARICOM and the Agricultural Marketing Protocol. Occasional Paper No. 2. Cave Hill, Barbados: ISER, UWI, 1975. Pp. 59. [3AIG]

"The study attempts to assess the response which the domestic agricul­ tural sector in Barbados has made to the stimulus provided by CARIFTA (the Caribbean Free Trade Agreement signed in May, 1968) and the Agricultural Marketing Protocol (AMP)" [CAB/ABS].

299. FRANKS, H.D. "Mechanized Harvesting of Sugar Cane: A Technical, Eco­ nomic and Social Appraisal." D.T.A. Report, UWI, St. Augustine, Trinidad, 1968. Pp. 55.

300. "Freighting to the Caribbean: A Survey." West Indies Chronicle (December 197 6/January 1977).

301. FRUCHT, Richard. "A Caribbean Social Type: Neither 'Peasant' nor 'Proletarian'." In Black Society in the New World, ed. Richard FRUCHT. New York: Random House, 1971. Pp. 98-104.

302. GAFAR, John. "The Accuracy of the Caribbean Trade Data." Trinidad and Tobago Research Papers 7 (February 1974):73-91.

303. ----. "The Terms of Trade Experience of the Caribbean Common Market Countries." Trinidad and Tobago Research Papers 7 (February 1974):37-51.

304. GARCIA-ZAMOR, Jean-Claude. "Development Administration in the Common­ wealth Caribbean." International Review of Administrative Sciences 36 (1971). [BDD has reprint]

305. GEISER, Hans Joerg. "Regional Integration in the Commonwealth Caribbean." Journal of World Trade Law 10 (November-December 1976):546-565.

306. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. Report of the Working Party on the Caribbean Community and Common Market. Document No. L/4470. Geneva, 1977. [CARICOM]

307. GHORMLEY, Clarence E., and ROY, John 0. "Report to the United Kingdom Containing Recommendations for the Establishment of Pilot Land Use Projects on the Islands of St. Vincent and St. Lucia, British West Indies." Washington, D.C.: Soil Conservation Service, USDA, 1954. 14 L. [NAL: aHD451 G5]

308. GIBBONS, William J. "Economic and Demographic Factors in Improving Living Levels in the Caribbean Region." Review of Social Economy 25 (March 1967):61-97.

309. GIRVAN, Norman. "The Development of Dependency Economics in the Caribbean and Latin America: Review and Comparisons." Social and Economic Studies 22 (March 1973):1-33.

A review of the dependency literature and its policy implications. 34

310. ----, and JEFFERSON, Owen. "Corporate vs. Caribbean Integration." New World Quarterly 4 CCroptime 1968).

311. ----, and ...., eds. Readings on" the Political . Mona, Jamaica: New World Publications, 1971(originally published in 1963). [ISER]

312. GIRWAR, S. Norman. "Caribbean Sugar and the European Common Market." The Farmer 78 (1973):226-240. Also in The Cane Farmer 14 (1973):192-199.

313. "The Common Agricultural Policy of the EEC (European Economic Community) and the Commonwealth Caribbean (Sugar)." World Agriculture 25, No. 4 (1976):33-35.

Compares the position of Caribbean sugar under the Lom6 Agreement (February 1975) With that under the Commonwealth Sugar Agreement, which ended in December 1974. In the author's view, the new agree­ ment has certain disadvantages for high-cost sugar producers in the Caribbean.

314. ----. The Future of Commonwealth Sugar in an Enlar ed EEC. [Trinidad]: Caribbean Cane Farmers' Association, 1972. [ISER

315. ----. "[Presidential Address to the 13th Annual General Conference of the Caribbean Cane Farmers' Association]." The Farmer 79 (1974):412-437.

316. "The Role and Future of Sugar in the Commonwealth Caribbean in the Light of Britain's Entry into the E.E.C." Proceedings, iLAEC, 8th (1973) :24-41.

Suggests a strategy for negotiating with the U.K. and EEC to protect Caribbean interests. Also suggests 7 alternatives for maintaining production by seeking new markets, and briefly considers (not too seriously) strategies for reducing production. Still, the author, who is President of the Caribbean Cane Farmers' Association, recognizes that the heavy commitment of some Caribbean states to sugar production will not last indefinitely.

317. GODDARD, Lawford L. "A Comparative Study of Land Tenure in Tobago and the British Virgin Islands." M.Sc. Thesis, UWI, 1972. Pp. 164.

318. "Social Structure and Migration: A Comparative Study of the West Indies." Ph.D. Dissertation, Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif., 1976. Pp. 322. [DAI 37 (April 1977): 6784-A; Order No. 77-7090]

Exanines emigration from Barbados, Jamaica, and Trinidad, arguing that social forces are more important explanatory factors than individual values. Emigration since 1945 is attributed to dependence on external capital and technology, failure to Provide employment for persons at all skill levels, and a lack of linkages among economic sectors. Migration is shown to be highly selective of better educated, highly skilled young adults. 35

319. GOHL, B.J. Animal Feeds from Local Products and By-Products in the Eastern Caribbean. Report No. AG/A/Misc./70/25. Port-n-P-Spain, Trinidad: FAO, 3 November 1970. [CDB]

320. GOODING, E.G.3. Mangoes in the Caribbean. Technical Report No. 1. Bridgetown, Barbados: CDB, 1973. [CDB]

321. ----. Regional Peanut Project: Preliminary Report. Wildey, Barbados: CDB, 1976. [CDB]

322. ----- Reports to Sugar Producers' Council from the Agronomy Research Unit. Edgehill, Barbados, 1965-.

323. ,---- and HOAD, R.M. "Problems of Yam Production." In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Tropical Root Crops, ed. Egbert A. TAI et al. St. Augustine, Trinidad: UWI, 1967. Vol. 1(3), pp. 137-151.

324 . ----, and SARGEANT, V.A.L. "Experience of Animal Feed Production in Barbados and the Eastern Caribbean." In Proceedings of the Conference on Animal Feeds of Tropical and Subtropical Origin (197h):311-316. [NAL: SF95 C63 1974; CDB]

325. GOODING, H.J. "Breeding Studies with the Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan)." Ph.D. Dissertation, UWI, St. Augustine, 1975.

326. "West Indian 'Dioscorea alata' Cultivars." Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad 37 (January 1960):11-30.

"The need and importance of a survey of West Indian Dioscorea alata [yam] cultivars is discussed. Sixteen cultivars are distinguished and a key and detailed descriptions of these are given. A table shows their distribution and vernacular synonyms in six West Indian islands. The results of a storage trial show statistically significant differ­ ences among certain commercially desirable 'alata' cultivars and Dioscorea esculenta, and demonstrate that the 'Lisbon' group possesses the best keeping quality.. . . [Tihe potential usefulness of these cultivars could bE partly exploited by the adoption of optimum spacing and miechanical harvesting" [GOODING].

327. "Yields of West Indian Maize." Tropical Ariculture (Trinidad) 37 (Octcber 1960):257-264.

"The results of four maize yield trials are given. These trials invol-. ved Caribbean maize races and two mass-selected varieties.. . . A trial in Barbados shoved that all races, except Early Caribbean, and all top crosses yielded in excess of 'Barbados Selected.' The use of the races in improved programmes in the Caribbean is discussed."

328. ---- , and CAMPBELL, J.S. "Preliminary Trials of West Indian Xanthosoma Cultivars." Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad) 38 (April 1961):145-152.

"The yields and certain related factors, storage, mechanization and eating qualities of seven Xanthosoma [tannia] clones are described" [GODDING and CAMPBELL]. 36

329. GOWEN, S.R. "Varietal Responses ans Prospects for Breeding Nematode Resistant Banana Varieties." Nematropica 6 (October 1976).45-49.

Report on experiments in Jamaica and St. Lucia.

--- Great Britain. (See United Kingdom)

330. GRIFFITH, Reginald. "Wilt Diseases of Coconuts in the Caribbean." Journal of the Agricultural Society of Trinidad and Tobago 77 (March 1977):42-50.

Describes the characteristics and incidence of "Red Ring disease which is practicdlly under control in Trinidad but present in St. Vincent, Grenada and on the mainland; Lethal Yellowing which may be endemic to the area but most destructive in Jamaica at present; and BronzeLeaf Wilt, a non-infectious disease from which plants recover generally" [GRIFFITH].

331. GRUHN, I.V. "The Lom6 Convention: Inching Towards Interdependence." International Organization 30 (1976):241-262.

Describes this 1975 agreement governing trade relations between the EEC and the African, Caribbean, and Pacific States with which it has a special, preferential relationship.

332. GURNEY, J.M. "Available Data on the State of Food and Nutrition of the Peoples of the Commonwealth Caribbean." Prodeedings, WIAEC, 10th (1975): Vol. I, pp. 66-75. Also in Cajanus 8 (1975):150-166.

Summarizes available quantitative data. Notes that diets would be nutritionally good if meat were replaced by cheaper sources of energy where protein consumption is presently in excess of nutritional requirements.

333. ----. "Nutrition Facts on Staples." Cajanus 6 (October/December): 213-216. [NAL: RA784 Al C3]

334. ---. "Nutritional Considerations concerning the Staple Foods of the English-Speaking Caribbean." Ecology of Food and Nutrition 4 (1975): 171-175. [NAL: TX341 E3]

335. GURNEY, Michael, and COOK, Robert. "The Price of Groceries in the Caribbean 1972-1973." Cajanus 6 (January-March 1973):40-44.

Price data are presented for a typical "Saturday grocery basket" in various locations throughout the Caribbean. (See McKIGNEY and COOK 1970 for earlies data.) The price-collection systen is crude and may result in non-uniformity of data.

336. GUY, Henry A., ed. . Port-of-Spain, Trinidad, 1966. Pp. 173.

337. HACKSHAW, James. Social and Economic Planning in the Leeward and Wind­ ward Islands. N.p.: Council Press, 1967. Pp 35. 37

338. HAGELBERG, G.B. The Caribbean Sugar Industries: Constraints and Opportunities. ARP Occasional Papers, No. 3. New Haven, Conn.: Antilles Research Program, Yale University 1974. Pp. xv+173. [NAL: HD 114 C252 H33; ISER; U.S. Dept. State: HD9114 M625 H3]

Discusses the changing nature of the plantation and the relative prospects for sugar and other crops. Data on costs of production, factor use, and productivity are analyzed. Attention is also given to the economics of sugar processing.

339. HALLEY, D.G. Meteorological Requirements in the Windward, Leeward and British Virgin Islands, and in British Guiana. Port-of-Spain, Trinidad: Caribbean Meteorological Service, 19C-.

340. HAMMERTON, John L. The Biology and Control of Nutgrass. Extension Bulletin No. 10. St. Augustine, Trinidad: DAE,UWI, August 1974.

341. "Effects of Defoliation on Pigeon Peas (Cajanus cajan)." Experi­ mental Agriculture 11 (1975):177-182.

342. "Effects of Growth Regulators on Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan)." Experimental Agriculture 11 (1975):241-245.

343. ---. "Effects of Planting Date on Growth and Yield of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.)." Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 87 (1976):649-66o.

344. ----. "Experiments with Cyperus rotundus L.: I. Control and Develop­ ment and Effects of 2, 4-D and Paraquat." Weed Research 14 (1974): 365-369.

Results of nutgrass control experiments.

345. "Experiments with Cyperus rotundus L.: II. Effects of Some Herbi­ cides and Growth Regulators." Weed Research 15 (1975):177-183.

346. - -. "Experiments with Cyperus rotundus L.: III. Seasonal Variations in Growth." Weed Research 15 (1975):339-348.

347. "The Future of Soyabean in the Caribbean." Caribbean Farming 3 (January/ March 1971):29-31. Also in Cajanus 4 (1971):303-308.

Discusses experiments conducted at the UWl (Trinidad) since 1967. Experimental plots have produced satisfactory yields, but there are no data yet on production costs of soybeans grown on a field scale. Notes that only Belize, Guyana, Jamaica, and Trinidad-Tobago have large tracts of land suitable for mechanized production.

348. Herbicides: A Guide to Terminology, Properties and Uses. Extension Bulletin No. 9. St. Augustine, Trinidad: DAE, UWI, April 1974. Pp. 38. [CARDI] 38

349. "Weed Control Work in Progress at the University of the West Indies." PANS 17 (June 1971):226-230.

Reports on work with avocados, beans, alfalfa, cucurbits, soybeans, pigeon peas, maize, and strawberries. Also described are activicies related to the control of woody shrubs, rank grasses, and Cyperus rotundus.

350. ----. "Weed Control Work in Progress at the University of the West Indies: Part 2." PANS 18 (June 1972):173-182.

"The results of screening trials with 13 herbicides in a total of 18 crops are reported, together with field trials in snapbeans, maize, pigeon pea, peanuts, soyabean, sweet potatoes, beetroot, sour orange, tomatoes and onions. Work on the persistence in soil of 2, 4-D and certain results of trials on zero-tillage and Cyperus rotundus control are briefly reported" [Author's Summary].

351. ---. "Weed Control Work in Progress at the University of the West Indies--Part 3." PANS 19 (September 1973):383-388.

"Results of replicated trials in dry beans and groundnuts showed that weeds could reduce yields by 5-50%. Certain herbicide treatments significantly increased or decreased seed number/pod and 100-seed weight. Two trials, one a maize herbicide trial, studies soil per­ sistence of a number of herbicides. Preliminary experience with glyphosate is summarised and work on the control of Drymaria cordata is described" [Author's Summary].

352. ---. "Weed Control Work in Progress at the University of the West Indies: Part 4." PANS 20 (December 1974):429-236.

"Twelve harbicides were screened for crop safety in up to 18 crops. Several . . . were then tested in field trials in those crops in which they appeared promising. The results of field trials in maize, hot pepper, ginger and groundnuts are reported in detail" [Author's Summary].

353. HANDLER, Jerome S. "The History of Arrowroot and the Origin of Peasantries in the British West Indies." Journal of Caribbean History 2 (May 1971):46-93.

354. HAQUE, Ihsan ul. "The Status of Sulphur in West Indian Soils." Ph.D. Dissertation, UWI, St. Augustine, 1971.

Investigates the relationships of sulphur, carbon, and nitrogen in 8 West Indian soils.

355. --­ , and WALMSLEY, D. "Adsorption and Desorption of Sulphate In Some Soils of the West Indies." Geoderma 9 (1973):269-278.

356. --­ , and .... "Carbon, Nitrogen and Sulphur in Some West Indian Soils." Ghana Journal of Agricultural Science 6 (1973):173-175. 39

357. ---- , and .... "Incubation Studies on Mineralization of Organic Sulphur and Organic Nitrogen." Plant and Soil 37 (1972):255-264.

358. ---- , and ---. "Movement of Sulphate in Two Caribbean Soils." Plant and Soi. 40 (1974):145-152.

359. ---- , and .... "Response of Pak-Choi (brassica chinensis L.) to Added Sulphur in Some West Indian Soils." Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad) 50 (January 1973):55-61.

The authors report the results of experiments on 8 soils in St. Vincent and Trinidad. They conclude that "the general crop response to additions of sulphate to these soils indicates that the use of sulphur-containing fertilizers in the West Indies is of considerable value."

360. ---- , and -.-. "Sulphur Investigations in Some West Indian Soils." Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad) 51 (April 1974):253-263.

Presents results of preliminary research on 8 soils in St. Vincent and Trinidad.

361. HAQUE, Syed Q. "Status of Virus Diseases of Horticultural Crops in the Commonwealth Caribbean." Crop Protection in the Caribbean. St. Augustine, Trinidad: Department of Crop Science, 1974. Pp. 31-40.

Crops surveyed are citrus fruits, bananas, papaya, avocados, mangos, tomatoes, peppers, cucumbers, pumpkins, cowpeas, and eggplant.

362. HAREWOOD, Jack. "Changes in the Demand for and Supply of Labour in the Commonwealthe Caribbean." Social and Economic Studies 21 (March 1972) :44-60.

The author examines the relative importance of labour supply and demand in contributing to the decline in economic activity (labor force) participation between 1946 and 1960. The author admits that his results must be qualified both because of measurement problems and the interdependence of supply and demand.

363. ---- , ed. Human Resources in the Commonwealth Caribbean. St. Augustine, Trinidad: ISER, UWI, 1972. Pp. 166. [SAIG]

Contains 11 papers presented at a seminar in Jamaica in August 1970. Also included are a Summary and Introduction by the editor and 3 discussion group reports.

364. HAWKINS, Irene. The Changing Face of the Caribbean. Barbados: Cedar Press, 1976. Pp. 271.

A non-technical, socioeconomic survey of the region.

365. HAWLINS, J.C. Report on the Mechanization of Agriculture in the British West Indies. Port-of-Spain, Trinidad: Federal House, 1960. [ISER] 366. HAYNES, Patrick, H. "An Integrated Approach to Root Crop Research in the University of the West Indies." World Crops 22 (January/February 1970) :92-95.

367. HENDERSON, Thomas H. "Agricultural Extension Problems of Horticultural Development in the Caribbean." Proceedings of the Seminar/Workshop on Horticultural Development in the Caribbean. St. Augustine, Trinidad: UWI, 1972. Pp. 210-216.

More than 70% of the extension officers in the stated that training in extension principles and methodology, prior to their field assignments, would have made their work much more effective.

368. Position Paper of the Department of Agricultural Extension, U.W.I., St. Augustine, Trinidad. St. Augustine, Trinidad: DAE, UWI, 1969.

369. "The Role of Agricultural Extension in Maximizing Regional Self- Sufficiency in Food Supplies." Proceedings, WIAEC, 10th (1975): Vol. I, pp. 122-130.

The author states that "the chances of extension being able to successfully execute . . . programmes will be determined by whether the planned programme took into consideration the individual needs, attitudes and capacities of farmers, whether adequate marketing arrangements have been established for dealing with the increased production, and how well organised and motivated is the extension service. An appropriate organisational scheme and a saturation ap­ proach to extension are recommended to ensure effective implementa­ tion of projects."

370. ----. "Selective Extension Workers for the Development of Small Scale Farming in the West Indies." Proceedings, WIAEC, 5th (1970):66-73.

371. ---. Trained Manpower Needs in the Agricultural Sector: Windward and Leeward Islands. St. Augustine, Trinidad: DAE, UWI, 1976. Pp. 59. [CARDI]

372. ---. "The University of the West Indies and Agricultural Extension Work in the Caribbean." Agricultural Progress (Shrewsbury) 48 (1973): 102-109. [NAL: 10 AG861

Briefly traces the history of regional programs in agricultural extension in the Caribbean, beginning in 1901. Notes that very little assistance in extension was given to the individual countries by the UWI (and, before 1962, the Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture) until the late 1960s. A Department of Agricultural Extension, recommended in a 1965 report (Baskett et al. 1965) was formally estab­ lished in 1969. The Department's programs are described.

373. HENRY, K.B. "Canning Potential of Los Baaos Bush Sitao No. 1 Variety of Bodi (Vigna sinensis)." Submitted in partial fulfilment for the Postgraduate Diploma in Food Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, UWI, St. Augustine, Trinidad, 1973. 41

374. HICKS, Frederick. "Making a Living during the Dead Season in Sugar Producing Regions of the Caribbean." Human Organization 31 (Spring 1972): 73-81. 375. HICKS, Ursula K. Fiscal Proposals for Eastern Caribbean Federation. Cmnd. 1991. London: HMSO, 1963.

376. "The Hidden Cost of Protein." Cajanus 1, No. 2 (April 1968):59-67.

Calculates the cost per 1000 calories and cost per 20 grams of protein for some 35 food items. The figures are based on average prices in 9 Caribbean states in April, October, and November 1967.

377. HILL,Anthony. "Economic Stability in the Mini-States." In The Sta­ bility of the Caribbean, ed. Robert MOSS. Report of a Seminar held at Ditcaley Park, Oxfordshire, U.K., 18-20 May 1973. Washington, D.C.: Center for Strategic and International Studies, Georgetown University, 1973. Pp. 38-50.

378. HILLS, Theo L. "Land Settlement Schemes: Lessons from the British Caribbean." Revista Geogrgfica (Brazil) 63 (July-December 1965):67-82.

"For the future West Indian politicians have to address themselves very seriously and urgently to the question of whether there is in the long term any economic or social sense in proliferating the minifundia at the expense of the plantations. A large proportion of the land settlement schemes can be justified on welfare grounds only.... Apart from the land settlement scheme, no alternative to the plantation system as a means of increasing agricultural prodiction has been seriously considered" [HILLS].

379. ---- ; ITON, S.; and LUNDGREN, J. "Farm Fragmentation in the Common­ wealth Caribbean: Some Preliminary Observations." Proceedings, WIAEC, 7th (1972):88-102.

The authors warn against facile generalization regarding farm fragmen­ tation: "There is little doubt that under certain circumstances fragmentation of the farm is a necessity and may be economically and socially advantageous." (The authors are referring to multiple plots, not the process of plot subdivision.) The origins and consequences of farm fragmentation in the Commonwealth Caribbean are discussed.

380. HODGKINSON, Edith, ed. Development Prospects and 0otions in the Common­ wealth Caribbean. Report of the Conference jointly sponsored by the British-North American Research Association and the Overseas Develop­ ment Institute at Ditchley Park, Oxfordshire, February 20-22, 1976. London: Overseas Development Institute, 1976. Pp. 85. [USAID/B]

The chapter on agriculture, by K.L. ROACHE of Barclay's Bank of Jamaica, emphasizes regional import substitutions in livestock. Little attention is given to food crops. It is argued that oppor­ tunities exist for fruit and vegetable processing, but only if export markets are available. 42

381. HOPE, Kempe R. "CARIFTA and Caribbean Trade: An Overview." Caribbean Studies 14 (April 1974):169-179.

Argues that the CARIFTA countries must look beyond intra-regional trade per se and also cooperate in maritime shipping, strengthening regional institutions, developing a better investment strategy, and improving factor mobility.

382. HOROWITZ, Michael M., ed. Peoples and Cultures of the Caribbean. New York: Natural History Press, 1971. Pp. xi+606. [U.S. Dept. State: F1602 H67; GWU: F1602 H67]

383. HOSEIN, I. "Citrus Virus Diseases of Trinidad, Jamaica, and British Honduras." Proceedings of the Conference of the International Organ­ ization of Citrus Virologists, 2nd, ed. W.C. PRICE. Gainsville, Fla.: University of Florida Press, 1965.

384. HUIZER, Gerrit. Rural Extension and Peasant Motivation in Latin America and the Caribbean. FAO Agricultural Education and Training Service, Human Resources and Institutions Division, Occasional Paper No. 2. Rome: FAO,July 1973. Pp. 25. [AID/W: LAC/DR/RD]

385. HUNTER, L.J. "Sugar: An Appraisal of Market Prospects and Investment Requirements in the Caribbean." Proceedings, WIAEC, 8th (1973):131-142.

Argues that expansion of sugar exports is possible and profitable if steps are taken to rationalize production through greater investment in the industry. External sources of financing, it is said, will be needed.

386. INNES, Frank C; ITON, S.; and HILLS, T.S. "Socio-economic Institutions-- Plantations and Small-Scale Agriculture." In Resource Development in the Caribbean. Montreal: Centre for Developing Area Studies, McGill University, 1972. PP. 133-155.

387. "The International Sugar Agreement." The Farmer 79 (1974):360-371.

388. "The International Sugar Agreement, 1968." In Summary of Proceedings, United Nations Sugar Conference, 1968. New York, 1968. Pp. 56-75. [ISER]

389. "International Symposium on Tropical Root Crops, Trinidad, April 2-8, 1967." World Crops 19 (June 1967):65-75.

This symposium, orginized by the UWI, examines both agronomic and economic issues.

390. JAINARAIN, Iserdeo. Trade and Underdevelopment: A Study of the Small Caribbean Countries and Large Multinational Corporations, Georgetown, Guyana: Institute of Development Studies, University of Guyana, 1976. Pp. xvi+390. [NAL: HF1414 J3]

Focusing on Barbados, Guyana, Jamaica, and Trinidad-Tobago, this detailed study focuses on the peculiar problems faced by small countries. 43

Part I is devoted to theoretical concerns; Part II conatins country chapters plus 5 chapters on various economic sectors or subsectors; and Part III discusses internal, regional and external strategies for promoting development.

391. JEFFERS, W. de Courcey. "Implementing Food Production and Marketing Programmes in a Developing Tourist Economy-Some Agro-Meteorological Considerations." Proceedings, WIAEC, 12th (1977):121-122.

Calls for research to determine the feasibility of growing vegetables in suitable upland areas. Few data on temperature, humidity and rainfall in these areas are available and will need to be collected.

392. JEFFERSON, Owen. "The Comparative Merits of West Indian Association with Canada, the European Economic Community, the Latin American Free Trade Association and the Central American Common Market." Paper prepared for the Canada-Commonwealth Caribbean Conference, July 1966. [ISER]

393. ---. "The Economic Situation of the Commonwealth Caribbean." Caribbean Quarterly 18 (March 1972):87-99.

394. ---. "The Terms of Association between Countries at Different Stages of Development as Reflected in Some Recent Trade Agreements." Paper prepared for the Canada-Commonwealth Caribbean Conference, July 1966. [ISER]

395. --- , and BOYCE, Darcy. "The Effect of on Caribbean Economies." In Inflation in the Caribbean, ed. Compton BOURNE. Mona, Jamaica: ISER, UWI, 1977. Pp. 72-98.

Examines data for Barbados, Dominica, and Jamaica. The authors note that "with . . . inputs [including domestic wages] rising in price, the cost structure of agriculture in the region rose significantly and it is not clear whether the inflation has increased the overall profitability of the sector. As far as some crops are concerned, costs might even have risen faster than prices, thus reducing profitability."

396. JELLIFFE, D.B. "The Caribbean Food and Nutrition Institute." West Indian Medical Journal 20 (March 1971):51-59. Also in American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 23 (November 1970):1409-1411.

397. ---. "Gu'a para la alimentaci6n del ni-±o de corta edad en greas del Caribe." Bolet'n de la Oficina Sanitaria Panamericana 69 (December 1970):490-499. [NAL: 449.9 P192B]

398. JELLIFFE, E.F.P. "A New Look at Weaning Multimixes for the Caribbean- A Means of Improving Child Nutrition." Cajanus 4 (1971):185-228. [NAL: RA784 Al C3]

Provides nutritional and cost information, as well as recipes. 44

399. --. "Nutritional Status on Infants and Pre-School Children: A Review of Surveys since 1960." West Indian Medical Journal 20 (Sep­ tember J.971) :145-149.

400. JETHA, Nizar, and PEERA, Nurali. "Tax Structure and Policy in the Windward and Leeward Islands of the Caribbean Community." Bulletin for International Fiscal Documentation 25, No. 5 (1977):209-220.

Notes "the coexistence of a relatively high rate of investment with negligible domestic savings." The authors argue that "an improvement in the operation of income tax on the agricultural sector, and sub­ stitution of the existing land taxes by those on market values should form the key elements of a strategy for an adequate taxation of agricultural incomes." An increase in export taxes is discouraged.

401. JOHNSON, Harry G. et al. "Symposium on the Report of the Trade and Tariffs Commission (Croft Report)." Social and Economic Studies 9 (March 1960) :1-40.

The Croft Report is concerned mainly with devising a unified tariff structure to replace the 10 independent systems of the Federation members.

402. JONES, Edwin, and MILLS, G.E. "Institutional Innovation and Change in the Commonwealth Caribbean." Social and Economic Studies 25 (December 1976) :323-346.

The authors argue that "state bureaucratic structures in the Common­ wealth Caribbean function largely i. the interest of powerful econ­ omic and political groups, as well as in favour of the bureaucratic bourgeoisie. One result of the authoritarian elitism of this system has been the perpetuation of fundamentally inegalitarian forms of administrative institution-building."

403. JONES, M.R. "An Approach to Cocoa Rehabilitation in Trinidad and Grenada." D.T.A. Report, UWI, St. Augustine, Trinidad, 1968.

404. JUHL, Rolf. "Fishery Resources of the Caribbean and Their Potential." In Microbial Safety of Fishery Products, ed. C.O. CHICHESTER and H.D. GRAHAM. New York: Academic Press, 1973. Pp. 25-40. [NAL: RA602 F5 C5]

405. "Status and Potential of the Fishery in the Caribbean." In Proceedings of the Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute, 23rd (1971) :175-183.

406. KASAHARA, Hiroshi, and IDYLL, C.P. Caribbean Fishery Missions: Report to the Managing Director. New York: United Nations, 1962. [BDD]

407. KASASIAN, L. "Five Years of Weedkiller Research in the Caribbean." Journal of the Agricultural Society of Trinidad and Tobago 65 (December 1965) :459-470. 45

408. ----, and SEEYANE, J. "Weed Control in Root Crops Grown in the West Indies." Proceedings of the International Symposium on Tropical Root Crops. St. Augustine, Trinidad: UWI, 1968.

409. ---­, and .... Weedkillers for Caribbean Agriculture. St. Augustine, Trinidad: Regional Research Center, UWI, 1968. Pp. 44.

410. KAWAGUCHI, K. "Explordtory Tuna Longline Fishing in the Caribbean and Adjacent Waters." Marine Fisheries Review 36 (September 1974):61-66.

411. "Handling and Longtime Explorations for Snapper and Related Species on Caribbean and Adjacent Waters." Marine Fisheries Review 36 (September 1974):8-31.

412. KEIL, E.R. "Land Use Planning in the Caribbean Area." Proceedings of the Soil Conservation Society of America 26 (1971):26-3O. [NAL: 56.9 S033P]

413. KEIRSTEAD, B.S., And LEVITT, Kari. Inter-Territorial Freight Rates and the Shipping Service. Mona, Jamaica: ISER,UWI, 1963. [BDD; ISER]

414. KEOGHAN, J.M. "Forage Legumes for Drier Parts of the Caribbean (Varieties)," In Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Canadian Society of Agronomy 22nd(1976):24-37. [NAL: 64.9 C162]

415. KERSHAW, Melba. "The University of the West Indies: Its Contribution to Agricultural Development in the Caribbean." Tropical Science 8 (1966):172-178.

A brief description of the UWI's teaching, research, and community­ service activities.

416. KERTON, Robert Richard. "Labor Theory and Developing Countries: The Individual's Supply of Effort in the Caribbean." Ph.D. Dissertation, Duke University, 1969. Pp. 290. [DAI 30 (December 1969): 2236-A; Order No. 69-22, 065]

Neo-classical theory was found to be far more useful in understanding labor behavior in the Caribbean than the so-called theory of natural indolence. "The disseration investigated the way that the supply of effort depends on family organization, where the relevant unit was defined as the primary emphathy group. One important prediction that has been derived on logical and empirical grounds is directly opposite to one made by the Usual Theory of the extended family; it was found that more effort will be offered by an individual when his primary empathy group is more extended than when it is less extended" [DAI].

417. KIRKWOOD, Robert. "The Fight for Caribbean Sugar." West Indies Chronicle (November 1972):449-450. Also in The Cane Farmer 13 (1972):412-417.

418. KNIGHT, Franklin W. The Caribbean: The Genesis of a Fragmented National­ ism. New York: Oxford University Press, 1978. Pp. xiii+251. [U.S. Dept. State: HC155 K58] 46

419. KUNDU, A. "Rice in the British Caribbean Islands and British Guiana, 1950-1975." Social and Economic Studies 13 (June 1964):243-281.

Briefly describes conditions and supply trends in the 3 producing countries (Guyana, Trinidad, and Jamaica), and also examines trends in demand from 1950 to 1960. Discusses major issues relating to trade restrictions, quality, price, cost of production, mechanization, milling, and world market conditions. Projects demand and supply through 1975.

420. LAKE, Edwin B. "Agricultural A pects of Water Resources in the Caribbean." In Resource Development in the Caribbean. Montreal: Centre for Developing Area Studies, McGill University, 1972. Pp. 195-200.

421. Lambie k Company. Canafed Livestock Study in the Less-Developed Terri­ tories of the Caribbean. Feasibility Report prepared for Caribbean Development Bank. Kingston, Jamaica, September 1975. Pp. 183+Appendix. [CIDA/B; CDB]

Argues that canefeed can now be commercially used in the diets of beef cattle but not for sheep and goats. Projects are recommended in Belize, Nevis, and St. Vincent, with St. Lucia and Antigua as alterna­ tives if future developments make conditions less attractive in Nevis and St. Vincent.

422. LAURIE, C.K.; JAMES, L.A.; and MAYERS, JM. "New Perspectives for Sugar Cane." Proceedings, WIST Meeting (1973):344-354.

423. Leeward and Windward Islands. Regional Council of Ministers. Census of Agriculture, 1961, Leeward and Windward Islands. Bridgetown, Barbados, 1963

424. LESLIE, K.A. "Contribution of Agriculture to Economic Development--A Case Study of the West Indies: 1950-1963." Proceedings, WIAEC, 1st (1966):7-17.

Discusses differences in GDP growth rates within the region. Notes that agriculture's share of regional GDP declined from 25% in 1950 to 15% in 1961. It is argued that most of the productive resources going into industrial development came not from agriculture (which suffered a cost-price squeeze, particularly for export crops) but from abroad. Agriculture in the West Indies, it is argued, cannot be carried by the rest of the economy but must be revitalized to make a-positive contribution.

425. LEVENESS, Frank. Caribbean Integration: The Formation of CARIFTA and the Caribbean Community. Papers in Government and Politics, Research Series No. 2. N.Y.: Department of Government and Politics, St. John's University, August 1974.

426. LEVITT, Kari, and GULATT, Iqbal. "Income Effect of Tourist Spending: Mystification Multiplied: A Critical Comment on the Zinder Report." Social and Economic Studies 19 (September 1970):326-343. 47

Argues that the Zinder report (The Future of Tourism in the Eastern Caribbean) "is seriously misleading insofar as it grealty exaggerates the tertiary incomes by the operation of 'multipliers'. " The multi­ plier analysis used in the report, the authors point out, fails to allow for import leakages. It is argued that the report is a product f the metropolitan tourist lobby which promotes the kJ-1 of growth that widens inequalities in the developing countries.

427. LEWIS, Gordon K. The Growth of the Modern West Indies. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1968. [ISER]

428. LEWIS, Sybil, and-14ATHEWS, Thomas, eds. Caribbean Integration: Papers on Social, Political and Economic Integration. Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico: ICS, UPR, 1969.

429. LEW-IS, Va.-han et al. "Essays on Caribbean Unity: The Case for Integra­ tion of th Windward and Leeward Islands." Caribbean Quarterly 18 (June 1972).

430. LEWIS, W, Arthur. "The Caribbean Development Bank." Proceedings, WIAEC, 7th (1972):3-7.

A brief description of the CDB's resources and programs in agriculture. Notes that "in most of our LDC's the public has already accepted the idea that agriculture is doomed"--a view not shared by the CDBo

431. "Competition and Regulation in the West Indies." In Economic Systems of the Commonwealth, ed. Calvin B. HOOVER. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1962. Pp. 01-518. [GWU: HC259 E18]

A brief summary of the structure of the Caribbean economies and the role of government in economic activity. Notes that government generally accounts for a relatively small share of GNP but plays a major role as a regulator of economic activity, particularly in agri­ culture where entreprenetrship is said to be weak. Notes that all large employers negotiate with trade unions, which have gained much higher wages and much bet;er working conditions than generally avail­ able in non-union employment.

432. LIVERPOOL, Leslie. Livestock Feed Production, Consumption and Trade Statistics of the Commonwealth Caribbean. [A project of the DAEFM, UWI]. Scheduled for publication (1976?) by Scope Publishing Caribbean Ltd., Trinidad.

This study concluded that livestock development has been constrained by the limited availability and high cost of feeds. To overcome this obstacle, it is argued, policies are needed to encourage local feed production and processing as part of both national and regional live­ stock programs.

433. ----- A Survey of the Commonwelth Caribbean Livestock Feed Industry. St. Ann's: Scope Publishing Caribbean, 1975. [CDB] 48

434. LOW, Doreen Iris Deen. "Evaluating Nutrition Education Programs 6n Two Caribbean Islands." Ph.D. Dissertation, University of California, Berkeley, 1970. Pp. 286. [DAI 32 (July 1971):398-B; Order No. 71-15, 8271

This study of Applied Nutrition Programs (ANP) in St. Lucia and St. Kitts concludes that ANP was "chiefly responsible for improvement in food habits reflected in better height-weight-length of Pilot participants" [DAI].

435. LOWE, S.B., and WILSON, L.A. "Preliminary Evidence for the Existance of Different Susceptibility to megastes grandalis (Guen) Infestation in West Indian Sweet Potato Cultivars." Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad) 49 (October 1972):361-365.

436. LOWENTHAL, David. West Indian Societies. London: Oxford University Press, 1972. Pp. 385, [U.S. Dept. State: HN192 L6; GWU: F1629 Al F6]

A detailed survey of social characteristics in the region. Included is a review of the literature on external migraLion and its economic consequences. The bibliography is quite extensive.

437. LUNDGREN, Jan 0. "Agricultural Marketing and Distribution Arrangements with Respect to the Resort Hotel in the Caribbean." Proceedings, WIAEC, 6th (1971):158-175.

438. LYON, Janice J. The Caribbean Community. A Study Prepared for the Department of State under Its External Research Program. [Washington, D.C.], May 1974. Pp. 40+Appendices. [USAID/BI

Describes the background to the formation of CARICOM, assesses the impact of the common external tariff, discussed CARICOM's effects on the United States, and assesses future prospects. The author argues that closer regional cooperation will probably have little effect on regional economic development.

439. McCALMON, John C.E. "Prospects for Intra-Regional Trade in Fish and Fish Products." Proceedings, WIAEC, 10th (1975): Vol. II, pp. 112-123.

"On the whole," the author concludes, "the prospects seem favorable for the establishment of a viable intra-regional trade in fish and fish products if the major ccnstraints are removed. The resources of the region might not be sufficient to meet total needs but could certainly go a far way towards satisfying these demands." Major constraints are identified as lack of vessels and maintenance facilities, inadequate processing and storage facilities, lack of regional refriger­ ated transport, poor distribution facilities, untrained personnel, and consumer resistance to regional products.

440. MdcCOLL, Donald, ed. West Indies Sugarcane Varieties. Barbados: BWI Central Sugar Cane Breeding Station, 1971. [B. Min. Ag.] 49

441. McDONALD, Vincent R., ed. The Caribbean Economies: Perspectives on Social, Political and F ';nomic Conditions. New York: MSS Information Corp., 1972. Pp. 196. [U.S. Dept. State: F2161 C74; GWU: HC155 M32] "This book is a compilation of 13 readings on various aspects of the Caribbean countries, with emphasis on general economics, politics and international trade. One paper, by G. Beckford, is entitled 'Towards an'Appropriate Theoretical Framework for Agricultural Develop­ ment Planning and Policy' and deals, among other things, with the characteristics of the plantation system of agricultural production as against other systems" [A.T.A., April 1975].

442. ----. "Group [sic.; should be Crop] Insurance and Regional Economic Growth among Caribbean Countries." Proceedings, WIAEC, 10th (1975): Vol. II, pp. 309-319.

Proposes a crop insurance scheme.

443. "Innovation: The Basis for a Program of Rationalisation of Caribbean Agriculture (with Special Reference to the Livestock Sector)." Proceedings, WIAEC, 8th (1973):95-1o6.

The author sees possibilities for innovations in food crop production for local and regional markets; fishing; forestry and forest products; multiple-cropping techniques; increased emphasis on sugar by-products rather than 6rude sugar; land use and land tenure arrangements; trans­ portation; research; identifying new by-products and markets; and fiscal stimulus to agriculture.

444. ----. "Transportation: An Infrastructural Variable in Caribbean Econ­ omic Development." Proceedings, WIAEC, 6th (1971):147-156.

445. McFARLANE, Dennis. "The Foundations for Future Production and Export of West Indian Citrus." Social and Economic Studies 13 (March 1964): 118-156.

Through past performance in the industry has been disappointing, the author projects a significant rate of growth because of higher yields from plantings coming to maturity, new plantings under the Citrus Development Plan and a general increase in productivity. Notes the continued dependence of the industry on the U.K. market.

446. "The Future of the Banana Industry in the West Indies." Social and Economic Studies 13 (March 1964):38-93.

Argues that unless the region continues to have access to the protected U.K. market, banana production is unlikely to be competitive with other sources of supply. If access to the U.K. market is maintained, and consumption there continues to rise, most of the increased supply is projected to come from the Windward Islands rather than Jamaica.

447. McINTOSH, Curtis E. "Food Marketing in the Commonwealth Caribbean." PAG Bulletin (UN) 5 (December 1975):22-25. 5O

"This paper attempts a short review of the development of the food marketing system in the Commonwealth Caribbean and discusses the pricing practices of food firms in the region" [A.T.A., November 1976].

448. "'Marketing Constraints to Agricultural Rationalisation in the Caribbean." Cajanus 8 (1975):237-244.

Identifies marketing constraints and offers suggestions for over­ coming them. Argues that commitment by individual states to intra­ regional trade is weak and should be strengthened by allowing "a free play of market forces in determining production, loca.tion, and mar­ keting flows." Opposes minimum guaranteed price schenc-s and the type of price fixing that occurs linder the Agricultural Marketing Protocol.

449. "The Nutrient-Cost Concept in Caribbean Food Economics." Cajanus 8 (1975):309-317.

The author regards nutrient-cost data as valuable inputs in policy formulation but notes that "in order to make fair comparisons among foodstuffs, attention must be paid to the subsistence factor (produc­ tion for donsumption factor) in arriving at the nutritional cost, the state of preparation of the foods, and the extent of subsidies, duties and taxes among competing commodities." Some data are provided for Jamaica and St. Lucia.

450. ---- , and LIM CHOY, M. The Performance of Selected Marketing Agencies in the Caribbean. Occasional Series No. 11. St. Augustine, Trinidad: DAEFM, UWI, 1975. Pp. 105. [SAIG]

An evaluation of marketing agencies in Barbados, Jamaica, St. Vincent, and Trinidad and Tobago. Performance is regarded generally as poor.

451. McINTYRE, Alister. "Aspects of Development and Trade in the Commonwealth Caribbean Countries." Economic Bulletin for Latin America 10, No. 2 (1965):127-162.

A general survey of economic trends, focusing on Barbados, Belize, Guyana, Jamaica, and Trinidad-Tobago. Discusses the desirability of increased trade between Latim America and the Caribbean.

452. "Caribbean Economic Community: Some Issues of Trade Policy in the West Indies." New World Quarterly 2 (Croptime 1966):1-20.

453. ---. "Decolonization and Trade Policy in the West Indies." In The Caribbean in Transition, ed. F.M. ANDIC and T.G. MATHEWS. Rio Piedras, P.R.: ICS, UPR, 1965. Pp. 189-212. [ISER]

454. ----. The Problem of Compensation for the Loss of Preference. Studies in Regional Economic Integration, Vol. 2, No. 1. Mona, Jamaica: ISER, UWI, 19??.

455. "Reflections on the Problem of Unemployment in the Commonwealth Caribbean." In The Commonwea.th Caribbean into the 1970s, ed. A.W. SINGHAM. Montreal: Centre for Developing Area Studies, McGill Uni­ versity, 1975. 51

456. ---. "Some Issues of Trade Policy in the West Indies." New World Quarterly 2 (Croptime 1966):2-20.

457. McKIGNEY, John I. "Economic Aspects of Infant Feeding Practices in the West Indies." Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 14 (June 1968):55-59.

458. ----. "Food Economics in Nutrition Policy and Planning (with Special Reference to the English-Speaking Caribbean)." Nutrition Newsletter 7 (October/December 1969):16-24. [NAL: QP141 Al N8]

459. --. "Food Imports: Milk." Cajanus 2 (August 1969):257-265.

Notes that imports of dairy products in 1966 accounted for 85 percent of the total supply in Barbados and 95 percent in St. Vincent. Dis­ cusses measures for increasing domestic supplies.

460. --- , and COOK, Robert. "The Price of Groceries in the Caribbean Area." Cajanus 3 (December 1970):315-319.

Provides price data, in various locations in the Caribbean, for a typical "Saturday market basket" that a middle-income family might purchase.

461. MADRAMOOTOO, Chandra A. "Irrigation and Soil Conservation Practices for the Small Farmer in the Eastern Caribbean." A paper presented to a joint Caribbean Development Bank/St. Lucia Agricultural Bank Workshop on Agricultural Production Credit Scheme, Castries, St. Lucia, 21-22 September 1977. PP. 7. [CARDI] 462. MAHADEVAN, P. "Animal Protein Supplies for the Caribbean." Cajanus

[1], No. 6 (December 1968):2-12.

Discusses supply and demand factors, with projections to 1975.

463. "The Future for Dairying in the West Indies." Tropical Science 9 (1967):5-12.

"The prospects for the growth of dairying in the West Indies are based on Jamaica Hope, Holstein and Holstein x Zebu cattle selected for productive ability, reproductive preformance and efficiency of feed conversion. The adoption of new grazing routines, new patterns of fertilizer application and heavy supplementary feeding of concen­ trates together with the injection of further capital should make it possible to raise the productivity of the dairy industry very rapidly" [Author's abstract ]. 464. "The Role of the UWI Faculty of Agriculture in Relation to the Food Needs of the Caribbean." Cajanus 1, No.1 (February 1968):27-30.

The research program emphasizes root crops and grain legumes.

465. --. "The School of Agriculture of the University of the West Indies." World Crops 22 (January/February 1970):42-44. 52

Historical and contemporary description of activities by the School's Dean. Major research activities are carried out in root crops, grain legumes, horticultural crops, and livestock.

466. --. "The University's Faculty of Agriculture." Caribbean Quarterly ll(March-June 1965) :36-49.

The author suggests that "the work of the Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture, the Regional Research Centre and the University Faculty of Agriculture has not made as great an impact on agricultural devel­ opment in the West Indies as might reasonably be expected, largely due to the lack of an organisation within our University institution specifically charged with responsibility for ensuring that there is two-way communication between the University School of Agriculture and the territorial Ministries of Agriculture."

467. --- , and EDWARDS, David T. "A Strategy for Agricultural Research and Development in the West Indies." Proceedings, OAS Seminar on the Development and Progress of the Agricultural Sector, May 1967. Mimeo­ graphed. Pp. 10.

468. MAILLARD, Jean Claude. "La banane en Jamaique et dans les Windward Islands." Cahiers d'Outre-Mer 22 (July-September 1969):313-324.

Discusses the expansion of banana production in Jamaica and the Wind­ ward Islands, which by 1967 were supplying 51.6% and 45.5%, respec­ tively of the U.K.'s banana imports.

469. MALIPHANT, Gordon K. "Citrus Research in Sor. Caribbean Territories." Tropical Science 8 (1966):107-114.

"The work of the [Citrus Research Unit, UWI] involving the study of rootstocks, viruses, nematodes, pests, diseases, and nutrition is described, Special mention is made of the fruit fly problem . . leaf-cutting ants . . . , and leaf analysis with reference to fertili­ zer needs" [Author's abstract]. Research is conducted in Belize, Dominica, Jamaica, and Trinidad-Tobago.

470. MANNERS, Robert A. "Remittances and the Unit of Analysis in Anthropo­ logical Research." Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 21 (Autumn 1965) :179-195.

"While all remittance figures for the Caribbean must be treated with extreme caution, it is clear that the islands' economic ties to out­ side areas are very close and that significant amounts of cash filter into the area in the form of contributions from insular immigrants" [MAPNNERS]. Data are provided for 7 Caribbean countries, including Barbados, St. Vincent, St. Kitts-Nevis-Anguilla, and Montserrat.

471. MANTELL,S.H., and _AQUE, S.Q. "Incidence of Internal Brown Spot Disease in White Lisbon Yams (Dioscorea alata) during Storage." Experimental Agriculture 14 (1978):167-172. 53

472. -- et al. "Some Observations on Internal Brown Spot and Virus-Like Symptoms of Yam (Dioscorea spp.) in the Commonwealth Caribbean." Proceedings, CFCS, 12th (1974):68-73.

473. -- et al. Virus Diseases of Yams in the Commonwealth Caribbean. Technical Report No. 3. St. Augustime, Trinidad: CARDI, June 1977. Pp. 46. [CARDI]

474. MARSHALL, Ione. Inventory of the Resources of the CARICOM Region. [Port­ of-Spain, Trinidad]: United Nations Caribbean Regional Integration Advisory Team, 1975. [CARICOM]

Data on human and livestock population, natural resources, energy resources, and social and economic infrastructure, generally for the period 1960-74.

475. MARSHALL, O.R. "West Indian Land Law: Conspectus and Reform." Social and Economic Studies 20 (March 1971):1-14.

Reviews the land laws of the independent nations, associated states, and Crown colonies and makes recommendations for reforms. Recommends a large-scale, interdisciplinary research project in this field.

476. MARSHALL,Woodville K. "Notes on Peasant Development in the West Indies Since 1838." Social and Economic Studies 17 (September 1968):252-263. (Originally presented at the Third WIAEC, 1968)

Argues that the West Indian peasant does not neatly fit conventional definitions of the peasant which emphasize historical traditions and ties to the land. Discusses the development of the peasantry since 1838 and briefly evaluates government policies toward the peasantry.

477. --- , and BECKFORD, George. "Peasant Movements and Agarian Problems in the West Indies"--Part I: "Aspects of the Development of Peasantry" and Part II: "Aspects of the Present Conflict between the Plantation and the Peasantry in the West Indies." Caribbean Quarterly 18 (March 1972) :30-58.

478. MASON, George. "The Potential of Horticultural Development as a Means of Economic Progress in the West Indies with Some Reflections on Farmers of Small Holdings." In Resource Development in the Caribbean. Montreal: Centre for Developing Area Studies, McGill University, 1972. Pp. 211-215.

479. MATHEWS, T.G. et al. Politics and Economics in the Caribbean. Rio Piedras, P.R.: ICS, UPR, 1966.

480. MAY, Jaques Meyer, and McLELLAN, Donna L. The Ecology of Malnutrition in the Caribbean: The Bahamas, , Jamaica, (Haiti and the Dominican Republic), Puerto Rico, the Lesser Antilles, and Trini­ dad and Tobago. New York: Hafner Press, 1973. Pp. 490. [NAL:TX360 C35 M38] 54

481. MAYERS, John M. "The Marketing and Demand for Meat in the Commonwealth. Caribbean." Proceedings, WIAEC, 6th (1971):115-125.

Notes that meat production is an insignificant part of total sector output. Obstacles to increased production include the high proportion of land in permanent crops, the low livestock population, and the high cost of imported feed. Marketing of domestic meat generally is un­ organized. Price controls are sometimes used to hold down the price to consumers. The author argues that market research is necessary to devise better marketing procedures.

482. ----. "Some Aspects of Rationalisation and Livestock Development in the Commonwealth Caribbean." Proceedings, WIAEC, 8th (1969):71-77.

The author argues that "the field of livestock production in the Commonwealth Caribbean is open for considerable development.... It is the author's view that no regional master plan will solve the problems of livestock production, but that each must attempt to use its own resources to maximum advantage."

483. --- , with the assistance of BLADES, H. Meat Production and Consumption Statistics of the Commonwealth Caribbean. Occasional Series No. 5. St. Augustine, Trinidad: DAEFM, UWI, 1970. Pp. 204. [BDD]

Provides data on meat consumption and meat prices, by island and by type of meat, for the period 1950-68.

484. --- , and CROPPER, J. The Cattle Industries of the West Indies: Charac­ teristics and Potential for Expansion. St. Augustine, Trinidad: DAEFM, UWI, January 1969. [BDD]

485. MEYER, J.P. "Influence de l'ablation de mains sur le rendement en poids des regimes de bananes par categories de conditionnement aux Antilles." Fruits 30 (November 1975). [NAL: 80 F9492]

486. ---- , and SCHOCH, P.G. "Besoin en eau du bananier aux Antilles: Mesure de l'6vapotranspiration maximale." Fruits 31 (January 1976):3-19. [NAL: 80 F9492]

487. MILLER, H.C., ed. Report on the Caribbean Conference on Agricultural Extension. Jamaica: Agricultural Information Service, Ministry of Agriculture and Lands, 1966.

488. MILLERD, F., and VIDAEUS, L. Fish-Food and Investment. Bridgetown, Barbados: UNDP/FAO Caribbean Fisheries Development Project, July 1969.

489. MILLS, Frank L. "Planning for Greater Agricultural Production within Rainfall Limits." Proceedings, WIAEC, 10th (1975): Vol. II, pp. 290-298. [IsER]

Illustrates statistical techniques for determining rainfall reliability. 55

490. MITCHELL, Harold. Caribbean Patterns: A Political and Economic Study of the Contemporary Caribbean. 2nd ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Halsted Press., 1972. PP. 583. INAL: HC155 M5 1972; ISER; U.S. Dept. State: HC155 M55 1972]

491. MITCHELL, J.F. " The CARIFTA Marketing Protocol: Its Creation and Maintenance." Tropical Science 14 (1972):11-18. Also in Journal of the Agricultural Society of Trinidad and Tobago 72 (September 1972): 318-328.

" The Agricultural Marketing Protocol (the AMP) of the CARIFTA agree­ ment has been examined. Factors limiting the present and future trade in the 22 listed commodities indicate the need for fundamental reappraisal of agricultural production in the Caribbean region" [Author's abstract].

492. MOHAMMED, N.A., and MANTELL, S.H. "Incidence of Virus Symptons in Yam (Dioscorea spp.) Foliage in the Commonwealth Caribbean." Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad) 53 (July 1976):255-261. [NAL: 26 T754J

493. --- , and .... "A Preliminary Study of a Virus Disease of Yam Foliage in the Eastern Caribbean." Proceedings, CFCS, 13th (1975).

9 494. --- , and --. Report on a Survey of Virus Diseases Affecting Yam (Discorea. spp.) Foliage in the Commonwealth.Caribbean. Technical Report No. 1. St. Augustine, Trinidad: CARDI, August 1975. Pp. 23. [CARDI]

Provides data for Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Jamaica, St. Lucia, St. Vincent, and Trinidad.

495. MOMSEN (nee HENSICALL) Janet D. "Crisis in the Caribbean Sugar Industry." Geography 56 (November 1971):338-340.

"The sugar industry still employs more persons than any other industry in the Caribbean, and sugar is the major export of Barbados and St. Kitts. There appears to be a general consensus that the industry must be saved from complete collapse but the rescue attempt will not be easy. Rationalization of the industry combined with improved agronomic practices may enable the Caribbean sugar industry to weather the present crisis as it has done other crises in its long history" [MSEN].

496. "A Factor Ecology of Peasant Agriculture in the Eastern Caribbean." A paper presented at the Conference of Latin Americanist Geographers, University of Calgary, 1973. Pp. 4. [LTC] 497. ---. "The Geography of Land Use and Population in the Caribbean with Special Reference to Barbados and the Windward Islands." Ph.D. Thesis, University of London, 1969.

498. ----. "Small-Scale Farming in Barbados, St. Lucia and Martinique." Proceedings, WIAEC, 5th (1970):78-84. 56

The author notes that small-farm agriculture in the West Indies does not conform to the "general model" used by sociologists and anthro­ pologists, which assumes ties to the land built up over centuries, lack of knowledge of the outside world, and resistance to innovation. This study, based on a random sample of about 200 farms in each island, uses factor analysis to examine relationships among the 32 variables for which data was obtained. The analysis suggests that "small scale agriculture in Barbados, St. Lucia and Martinique is not intrinsically different but rather at different stages of development along a continuum characterized by the increasing commercialization of land use and rising technological levels of inputs" [MOMSEN].

499. MONTAGUT, G., and MARTIN-PRfVEL, P. "Besoins en engrais des bananeraies antillaises." Fruits d'Outre Mer 20 (1965):265-273.

500. MOTTA, Sam, and BLADES, Hayden. "A Preliminary Design for a Regional Livestock Complex." Prepared for the CARICOM Secretariat. Georgetown, Guyana, November 1975. Pp. 46. [AID/W: LAC/DR/RD]

501. MURPHY, Tom. "A Way Out of the Sugar Doldrums?" West Indies Chronicle (October 1972):407-410.

502. MURRAY, D.B. "The Role of Tree Crops in West Indian Agriculture." Journal of the Agricultural Society of Trinidad and Tobago 67 (September 1967):379-384.

503. ---- , and JONES, M.R. "Cocoa Rehabilitation Schemes in Trinidad and Grenada." Journal of the Agricultural Society of Trinidad and Tobago 70 (June 1970):145-152. [NAL: 8 T73]

Reports the results of a survey of 24 farmers in each island. Notes that greater success has been achieved in Grenada than in Trinidad, despite fewer incentives. This is attributed to better soils, better management, and better organized extension services.

504. NANTON, W.R.Eo "The Census of Agriculture and Related Surveys in the Eastern Caribbean Territories." Proceedings, WIAEC, Ist (1966):134-162.

Describes sampling and other statistical procedures used in the 1956­ 60 surveys and the 1961 census.

505. NARAYAN, C.V., and CRICHLGW, K. "Report on the Pigeon Pea Harvester." Progress Report prepared for CARIRI. Department of Mechanical Engin­ eeing, UWI, St. Augustine, Trinidad, 1975.

As reported by NARAYAN and MacLAREN (1977:13-13), design modifications and other developments are necessary if the harvester is to become commercially viable.

506. ,----and MacLAREN, P. "The Need For Research and Development of Small Agricultural Machinery." 'Paper for Research and Post-Graduate Sub­ committee Seminar, Faculty of Engineering, UWI, St. Augustine, February 1977. Pp. 17+Appendices. [CARDI] 57

Includes comments on several types of small machinery developed for use in Caribbean agriculture.

507. NESTEL, Barry. Economic Development in the Eastern Caribbean Islands. Series 1--Livestock Development. Cave Hill, Barbados: ISER, UWI, 1964. [BDD; ISER]

508. NICHOLS, F.B.Bo "The Organisation of the Citrus Industry in the British Caribbean." Unpublished study. Mona, Jamaica: ISER, UWI, 1960.

509. NIDDRIE, David L. "Land Use and Settlement in the Caribbean." Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Manchester, 1965. Pp. 318.

510. ODLE, Maurice. The Significance of Non-Bank Financial Intermediaries in the Caribbean. Mona, Jamaica: ISER, UWI, 1972. [ISER]

511. O'LOUGHLIN, Carleen. The Coconut Industry of the West Indies. Technical Report No. 9. Bridgetown, Barbados: CDB, November 1972. Pp. irreg. [CIDA/B; BDD; CDB]

A detailed study with both a regional focus and chapters on individual countries (Jamaica, Guyana, Trinidad and Tobago, St. Lucia, Dominica, St. Vincent, Grenada, and Belize). Evaluates the prospects for this industry, for which there is considerable potential but also numerous risks. Existing coconut oil refineries were found to be operating at low percentages of capacity.

512. ----- Economic and Political Change in the Leeward and Windward Islands. No. 10. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1968. Pp. 260. [NAL: HC155 04; U.S. Dept. State: HC155 037]

A valuable survey of economic and political conditions through the mid­ 1960s. The author maintains that "underlying the need for economic development in the Leeward and Windward Islands is the search for a form of nationhood, and it has been impossible to detach the one prob­ lem from the other." The author sees considerable scope for increasing agricultural productivity if a "realistic policy of education, research, and propagation, land tenure reform, and, above all; the provision of credit is carried out."

513. Methods and Sources of the National Income Statistics of the Lee­ ward and Windward Islands. Bridgetown, Barbados: ISER, UWI, 1966. [BDD; ISER]

514. ----. A Study of Supply Conditions in Oils and Fats in the West Indies. Mona, Jamaica: ISER, UWI, 1961.

515 - .----A Survey of the Economic Potential and Capital Needs of the Lee­ ward Islands and Barbados. [?]: Department of Technical Co-operation, 1963. [BDD]

516. OMAWALE. "Kicking the Wheat Habit: The Caribbean Must Find a Home- Grown Substitute for this Imported Luxury." Pan American HeAlth 8 (1977). [CARICOM] 58

517. "Some Nutritional Implications of Wheat Substitution in the Caribbean." Cajanus 8 (1975):254-259. [NAL: RA784 Al C3]

Argues that a wheat substitution policy can improve nutrition among the poor if it is based on a program providing low income farmers "land, credit, extension services and guaranteed prices for these crops; with the high income elasticities of demand for food characteristic of such groups, dietary and nutritional improvement is inevitable."

an 518. ----. "Wheat Substitution in the CARICOM Region: The Case against Imported Luxury." Cajanus 10 (1977):89-96.

Notes that the apparent relative cheapness of wheat in the Caribbean is due partly to the fact that wheat is subsidized. Argues strongly that staple foods should be indigenous foods. Particular attention is given to recent efforts in Guyana to use cassava as a substitute for wheat.

519. OSBOURNE, D.F. "The Introduction of Pangola Grass into the Caribbean Islands." Journal of the British Grasslands Society 24 (1969):76-80.

520. OSIJI, Paschal 0. "Crops with Potential for Livestock Feeding." Extension Newsletter (UWI, St. Augustine, Trinidad) 8 (June 1977):13-19.

"This paper gives suggestions for using by-products . . . in livestock feeding: sugar-cane tops, comfith, molasses and bagasse; citrus pulp, seed meal and molasses; cocoa shells and pods; coconut oil meal; cotton seed and seed hulls; coffee pulp and polishing; pineapple bran or pulp, and bananas" [A.T.A., April 1978].

521. "The Use of Local 3y-Products in Complete Diets for Ruminants." A paper presented at the First Regional Livestock Meeting Sponsored by the Department of Livestock Science, U.W.I., St. Augustine and the Ministry of Agriculture, Lands and Fisheries, Trinidad and Tobago, 21­ 25 September 1975. Pp. 17. [CARDI]

Argues that the cost of livestock feed3 in the Caribbean can be sig­ nificantly lowered by using locally available by-products.

522. "The Utilization of Agricultural Products for the Livestock Industry in the Caribbean." Proceedings, WIAEC, 10th (1975): Vol. II, pp. 197-217.

Argues that livestock production in the Caribbean should be based on the optimum utilization of local feed sources. "There are appreciable quantities of agricultural crops and by-products in the region, what is needed is the rationalization of their collection, supply, handling, transportation, processing and utilization by the livestock industry."

523. ----. "Utilization of By-Product Feeds by Ruminants in the Caribbean." A paper presented at the Seminar on the Utilization of Local Ingredients in Animal Feed, Jamaica, 6-18 April 1975. Pp. 46. [CARDII 59

524 ---- , and ARCHIBALD, K.A.E. "The Nutritive Value of Some Caribbean Feedingstuffs." Scientific Paper No. CARDI/AN/l/76. Presented at the International Symposium on Feed Composition, Nutrient Requirements and Computerization of Animal Diets, Utah, 11-16 July 1976. Pp. 42. [CARDI]

Reports the results of research on the use of feeds from sugarcane, flour mill, and brewery by-products for sheep and cattle.

525. PARASRAM, S. Control of Insect Pests of Some Food Crops in the Caribbean. Extension Bulletin No. 7. St. Augustine, Trinidad: DAE, UWI, January 1973. Pp. 29. [CARDI]

526. ----. "The Pepper Flower Bud Moth in the Caribbean--An Evaluation." Proceedings, WIAEC, llth (1973):466-470.

527. ----. Pesticides in Common Use in the Commonwealth Caribbean (1). Extension Bulletin No. 3. St. Augustine, Trinidad: DAE,UWI, Decem­ ber 1971.

528. "Pigeon-Pea Pod Borers in the Caribbean." Proceedings, CFCS, llth (1973):320-330.

529. "The Scarebee, A Major Pest of Sweet Potato in the West Indies." Caribbean Farming 2, No. 1 (1970):18-19.

530. PARTRIDGE, I.J. "A Review of Fertilizer Experiments on Food Crops in the British Caribbean Territories, 1935-1963." DoT.A. Report, UWI, St. Augustine, Trinidad, 1965.

531. PAUVERT, P., and JACQUA, G. "etude critique de quelques Helminthosporium isolgs de Panicum, de Pennisetum, et de canne & sucre aux Antilles." Annales de Phytopathologie 6 (1974):285-296. [NAL: SB599 A5]

532. PAYNE, Horace W. "The Role of Mini-Research Stations in Increasing Farm Productivity in the Caribbean." Caribbean Quarterly 18 (March 1972): 24-28.

533. PEACH, Ceri. West Indian Migration to Britain. London: Oxford University Press, 1968. [ISER]

534. PEACOCK, Nigel. Lesser Antillean Fisheries: Their Management and Development. London: Overseas Development Ministry, 1976. [CDB]

535. PEARCE, S.C. "The Control of Environmental Variation in Some West Indian Maize Experiments." Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad) 55 (April 1978): 97-106.

"Data are studied from 56 similar maize fertilizer trials from a range of dissimilar sites in the West Indies with a view to comparing ways of allowing for the effects of environmental differences within the area of an experiment" (Author's abstract). Discusses the pros and cons of 3 methods: use of blocks, adjustment by neighboring plots, and row­ and-column designs. 6o

536. PEARSE, Andrew. Assistance to the Less Developed Countries of CARICOM in Agricultural and Rural Development, Integration and Training: Notes and Observations on Problems of Rural and Agricultural Develop­ ment in the Windward and Leeward Islands. FAO Project Document CAR/ 74/001/C/01/12. Oxford, 1975. [CDB]

537. PERSAUD, Bishnodat. An Abstract of West Indian Banana Statistics with Special Reference to the Windward Islands. Statistical Series No. 3. Bridgetown, Barbados: ISER,UWI, 1966. Pp. 62. [ISER; BDD]

538. ---. Access Conditions for Commonwealth Sugar in the EEC. London%, Ccm =nwealth Secretariat, 1974. [ISER]

539. "Agricultural Diversification in the Commonwealth Caribbean: Some Basic Issues." Proceedings, WIAEC, 4th (1969):3-7, with discus­ sion, pp. 8-13.

Argues that the problem in agriculture "is not export orientation as such but perhaps too much dependence on export crops in terms of exis­ ting economic opportanities." The author believes that the scope for import substitution in agriculture is limited.

54o. ----. "The Agricultural Marketing Protocol of CARIFTA and the Economic Integration of Agriculture." Proceedings, WIAEC, 4th (1969):107-111, with discussion, pp. 112-113.

The author argues that the AMP offers only limited scope for integrating regional agriculture. He then suggests measures for achieving greater integration. 541. ----. "Market Prospects for Caribbean Sugar in the E.E.C." Proceedings, WIAEC, 8th (1973):61-68. [ISER] "Whether there is a global arrangement for sugar or not, it is important that the Commonwealth Caribbean should be treated as one unit for quota purposes and be allowed to redistribute shortfalls. The area is likely to be faced with a decline in production in some countries and with expansion in others. Unless shortfalls are met within the area, the Commonwealth Caribbean allocation will decline with time because of the inability of some countries to meet quotas" [PERSAUD].

542. ----. "Problems of the Commonwealth Caribbean Sugar Industry." Cajanus 3 (June 1970):132-139.

Argues that the immediate problems are not markets and prices but high production costs, due largely to government policies and trade union actions. Mechanization, the author believes, is essential if the sugar industry is to be competitive.

543. "Some Preliminary Considerations on the Implications for the Banana Industry of the U.K. Joining the European Common Market." Mimeographed. Bridgetown, Barbados: ISER, UWI, n.d. 544. PERUSSE, Roland I. A Strategy for Caribbean Economic Integration. San Juan, P.R.: North-South Press, 1971. [ISER; BDD]

545. PETERKIN, F.A. "Sanitary State of Fish and Fishery Products in Developing Countries of the Eastern Caribbean." In Microbial Safety of Fishery Products, ed. C.O. CHICHESTER and H.D. GRAHAM. New York: Academic Press, 1973. Pp. 234-241. [NAL: RA602 F5 C5]

546. PHELPS, Ralph H. Some Chemicals Used in the Control of Fungal and Bacterial Plant Diseases. Extension Bulletin No. 5. St. Augustine, Trinidad: DAE, UWI, June 1972.

547. and HAQUE, Syed Q. "Some Diseases of Important Food Crops in the Southern Caribbean." Departmental Paper No. 7. St. Augustine, Trinidad: Department of Crop Science, UWI, 1973. Pp. 10. [CARDI]

548. ---- et al. CALYPSO: A Tomato Variety for the Caribbean and Tropics. St. Augustine, Trinidad: CARDI, n.d. Pp. 4. [CARDI]

A tomato variety development program was begun in 1970 as a cooperative effort of the University of Florida, the Montserrat Department of Agri­ culture, and the Regional Research Center (CARDI's predecessor). Field experiments were initiated in Antigua and Montserrat. Calypso is a high-Yielding variety well-suited as a dry-season crop but not recommended as a wet-season variety.

549. PHILIPS, AoC. "Control df Fruit Rot in Boxed Bananas by Thiabendazole." Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad) 47 (January 1970):1-7.

Naturally infected boxed bananas shipped from St. Vincent and St. Lucia to the U.K. were treated with TBZ with generally positive results.

550. PHILLIPS, Winston J. "Some Interpretations of Banana Statistics Relating to the E.E.C. Markets and the Commonwealth Caribbean Industry." Pro­ ceedings, WIAEC, 8th (1973):107-122. [ISER]

Comparative data (which are poor) shows that production costs are higher, and yields considerably lower, than in , Ecuador, and Costa Rica. Demand conditions and import provisions in the EEC countries are reviewed.

551. PIERRE, R.E. "Grain Legumes with Development Potential for the Caribbean Region." Proceedings, WIAEC, 10th (1975): Vol. II, pp. 221-228. [ISER]

Evaluates the development potential of pigeon peas, dry beans, cowpeas, soybeans, and peanuts. Agrues that a development strategy should be based primarily on large-scale mechanized cultivation. Also recommended are construction of storage and processing facilities, marketing and distribution improvements, and development of new prodessed products.

552. PIGDEN, W.J. "Derinded Sugarcane as an Animal Feed." World Animal Review (FAO), No. 11 (1974):1-5. 62

"Feeding trials showed that sugar-cane not processed for sugar, but harvested and subjected to a special cane separation process, provides a high energy feed in the form of comfith (derinded sugar-cane) suit­ able for ruminants and non-ruminants, and chopped cane tops, used ensiled or fresh in combination with comfith" [A.T.A., April 1975].

553. ----- Evaluation of Comfith as a Commercial Livestock Feed in the Caribbean. Report prepared for the CDB. Ottawa, Canada, 15 December 1974. [CDB]

554. PLUMLEE, Carl H. Ocean Cargo Movements 1971: Eastern Commonwealth Caribbean. An analysis of ocean cargo movements by places of origin and destination, kinds of cargo and shipping services; and statistics. Report No. ECLA/POS/74/2. Port-of-Spain, Trinidad: ECLA, 1974. [BDD]

555. POWELL, David, compiled from a study by HAWKINS, Irene. Problems of Economic Development in the Caribbean. London: British-North American Committee, November 1973. Pp. 74. TNAL: HC155 P6]

A review of economic conditions and of trade, aid, and investment relations with Europe and North America. Presents policy recommen­ dations in the fields of education, tourism, agridulture, trade, aid, and foreign investment. Argues that "without a special guararanteed quota assurance there seems little hope of most Caribbean countries having the encouragement necessary to establish competitive agricultural and manufactured export lines on any significant scale."

556. PREISWERK, Roy, ed. Regionalism and the Commonwealth Caribbean. Papers presented at the Seminar on the Foreign Policies of the Caribbean States, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad, 1968. St. Augustine, Trinidad: UWI, 1969. Pp. 273. [NAL: HC155 s42 1968]

Various aspects of political and economic integration are discussed in the editor's introduction and in 19 other papers presented at the seminar.

557. Preliminary Proceedings of the Regional Technical Meeting on Agricul­ tural Research Systems in the Antilles. Port-au-Prince, Haiti: Depart­ ment de l'Agriculture, des Ressources Naturelles, et de D6veloppement Rural, and IICA, 28 November-2 December 1977.

Includes a country report for Barbados; papers on the research programs of the CFCS, CARDI, CATIE, CIAT, CIP, CIID (Canada), IICA, and UWI; and a paper on the CDB.

558. PSCHORN-WALCHER, H., and BENNETT, Fred D. "Host Suitability Experiments with Three Tachinid Parasites of Diatraea spp. in Barbados and Trinidad, West Indies." Proceedings of the International Society of Sugar Cane Technologists, 13th (1968):1331-1341. [NAL: 65.9 IN84]

Discusses available data on field parasitism and compares them with the results of the laboratory studies. 63

559. PULLEN, J. "Control of the Banana Weevil in Latin America and the Caribbean with Pirimophus Ethyl." PANS 19 (1973):178-181.

560. RAJBANSEE, Joseph. "Politico-Administrative Aspects of Agricultural Development: A Caribbean Perspective." Indian Journal of Public Administration 18 (October-December .972):492-504.

Discusses, at a rather general level, policy and administrative shortcomings in the region.

561. RAMSARAN, Ramesh. "Commonwealth Caribbean Integration: Progress, Problems, and Prospects." Inter-American Economic Affairs 28, No. 2 (1974):39-50.

A brief review of the status of integration efforts.

562. ----. "Integration and Underdevelopment in the Commonwealth Caribbean." Intereconomics (July-August 1977) :197-200.

563. RAMSUNDAR, P. "Design of a Machine for Sorting Tomatoes by Colour." Unpublished Special Project Report, Department of Mechanical Engin­ eering, UWI, St. Augustine, Trinidad, 1974.

The prototype was not completed, but MARAYAN and MacLAREN (1977:15­ 16) report that limited testing indicated its [technical] feasibility.

564. RAMTAHAL, George, and AKONOBY, Mathis. "Possibilities and Problems of Machinery in Agriculture and the Role of Intermediate Technology." In Resource Development in the Caribbean. Montreal: Centre for Developing-Area Studies, McGill University, 1972.

565. RANKINE,.Lloyd B. Comparative Economics of Root Crop Production in Selected Countries of the Commonwealth Caribbean--Part I: Cost and Returns for Specified Root Crops. Occasional Series No. 8. St. Augu3tine, Trinidad: DAEFM, UWI, 1972. Pp. 190. [CARDI; SAIG]

Provides data on production and marketing costs in Barbados, St. Vincent, Jamaica, and St. Kitts-Nevis-Anguilla. Crops for which estimates are provided are yams, sweet potatoes, tannias, eddoes, and (for Jamaica only)Irish potatoes and dasheen . Includes infor­ mation on labor use, labor productivity, and farmers' responses to price changes.

566. "Comparative Performance: Large Scale Production vs. Small Scale Production of Yams and Sweet Potato in the Caribbean." Pro­ ceedings of the Third International Symposium on Tropical Root Crops.

567.' ---. Extra and Intra-Caribbean Trade in Root Crops. Occasional Series No. 9. St. Augustine, Trinidad: DAEFM, UWI, 1973. PP. 73. [SAIG]

Examines market institutions and marketing processes in Barbados, Jamaica, St. Vincent, and (briefly) St. Kitts-Nevis-Anguilla. The crops studied were yams, sweet potatoes, Irish potatoes, dasheen, 64

and eddoes. For root crops as a whole, the export trend was slightly downward, especially for intra-Caribbean trade.

568. "Factors Limiting the Production of Major Root Crops in Selected Areas of the Commonwealth Caribbean." Proceedings of the International Symposium on Tropical Root and Tuber Crops, 2nd (1970): Vol. I, pp. 157-160. [NAL: SB209 IN52 1970]

" . . the discussion drew on data collected from over 800 farms scattered throughout the region. It was foun4 that labor shortage, lack of farm credit, and low wholesale and retail prices were the most limiting factors" (RANKINE].

569. "Some Features of the Market for Root Crops Produced in the Commonwealth Caribbean." Proceedings, CFCS, 10th (1972):103-112.

Data for Barbados, Jamaica, and St. Vincent.

570. REBEL, Thomas P. "Sea Turtles and the Turtle Industry of the West Indies, Florida, and the Gulf of ." Rev, ed. Coral Gables, Fla: University of Press, 1974. Pp. 250. [NAL: SH399 T9 R4 1974]

571. RENNIE, Noel. "The Present Problems of Industtial Relations in the West Indies." Proceedings of the 1973 WIST Meeting. Pp. 25-34.

572. "Report on the Conference 'Recent Trends in Food and Nutrition in the Caribbean' ." Cajanus 1, No. 4 (August 1968):2-39.

Contains summaries of the papers presented at the conference.

573. REUBENS, Edwin P. Migration and Development in the West Indies. Studies in Federal Economics No. 3. Mona, Jamaica: ISER, UWI, n.d.

574. RICHARDS, J.A. "Productivity of Tropical Pastures in the Caribbean." In Proceedings of the International Grassland Congress, llth (1970): Ah9-A56. [NAL: SB197 15 1970]

575. RICHARDSON, Bonham C. "The Agricultural Dilemma of the Post-Plantation Caribbean." Inter-American Economic Affairs 26, No. I (Summer 1972)i 59-70.

The author argues that "the plantation is so deeply imbedded in the culture of the West Indies that agricultural change will be difficult." Discusses the uncertain future for regional exports in the light of the U.K.'s entry into the EEC.

576. ROBERTS, G.W. Fertility and Mating in Four West Indian Populations. Mona, Jamaica: ISER, UWI, 1976.

Based on 1960 census data from Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago, Barbados, and St. Vincent, and on survey data from Trinidad and Barbados. 577 . "A Note on Recent Migration from the West Indies to Canada." Paper prepared for the Canada-Commonwealth Caribbean Conference, July 1966. [ISER]

578. ROGERS, C. "Inter-Island Schooner Transport on the Eastern Caribbean." B.A. Thesis (Geography), UWI, Mona, Jamaica, 1976.

579. ROYES, W. Vernon. "Testa Pigments in Cajanus Cajan? Canning Quality and Flavor." In Nutritional Improvement of Food Legumes by Breeding, ed. Max MILNER. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1975. Pp. 297­ 298. [CARDI has reprint]

An experiment was successful in improving the appearance of canned pigeon peas (appearance is very important to consumers), but the taste was unsatisfactory.

580. RUBENSTEIN, Hymie. "The Utilisp-' n of Arable Land in an Eastern Caribbean Valley." Caribbean Jcurnal of Sociology 1 (1975):157-167.

581. RUNGE, Peter. "The West Indian Sugar Industry." Journal of the Royal Society of Arts 109 (January 1961):91-104.

582. SAMMY, George M. "The Development of New Processed Agricultural Products for Import Substitution and Export Expansion." Paper presented at the International Marketing Seminar, St. Lucia, 29 April-19 May, 1974.

583. . "Food Technology Development at the University of the West Indies." Prodeedings, CFCS, 10th (1972):89-92.

584. "A Model for Agro-Based Industries in the L.D.C.'s of the Caribbean Commonwealth--Fruit and Vegetable Processing." Paper prepared for the Standing Committee of Commonwealth Caribbean Ministers of Agriculture, CARICOM Secretariat, Georgetown, Guyana, May 1974. Pp. 16. [AID/W: LAC/ DR/RD]

585. ----. "Root-Crops Processing Research at the University df the West Indies." Proceedings, CFCS, 12th (1974):43-50.

Research has indicated that breakfast foods can be made from yams and, sweet potatoes.

586. ----. "The Scope for the Development of Food Processing." Proceedings, WIAEC, 9th (1974):61-68.

Given the region's high food import bill, the prospects for food processing are viewed as great. Food self-sufficiency is regarded as a moral imperative, and little attention is given to the costs of processing where the local market is extremely limited. The author argues that profitability concerns must give way to concerns for human needs. 66

587. Short Courses in (1) Introduction to the Canning of Fruits and Vegetables and (2) Handling, Packaging, Storage and Marketing of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables. Faculty of Engineering, UWI, St. Augustine, Trinidad, 8-19 July 1974 (1), and 29 July-9 August 1974 (2). Canada Plus-One Project and UWI, Food Technology Series No. 14. St. Augustine, Trinidad, April 1975. Pp. irreg. [AID/W: LAC/DR/RD]

588. ---. "The Status of Composite Flour Research at UoWoI., St. Augustine, Trinidad." Paper presented at the International Conference on the Production and Marketing of Composite Flour, Baking and Pasta Products, Bogota, Colombia, 1972.

589. ---. "Studies in Composite Flour--1. The Use of Sweet Potato Flour in Bread and Pastry Making." Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad) 47 (April 1970) :115-125.

"Sweet potato flour prepared from cultivar '0I49' may be used without any difficulty as a substitute for wheat flour at a rate of up to 15 per cent in bread making and at 20 to 30 per cent in pastries. Bread containing 20 per cent was also acceptable though less so than that containing 15 percent. Flour of this cultivar was of poor quality for bread and pastries" [SAMMY].

590. ----. "The Time to Replace Wheat by an Indigenous Carbohydrate is Now." Cajanus 8 (1975):5-11.

Argues that import substitution is desirable to save foreign exchange; create employment; provide a lower-cost, more nutritious staple for low income groups; and promote a new, indigenous technology. The cost of a substitute is not estimated.

591. SAMUELS, G., and GONZALEZ TEJERA, E. "Recent Research Findings on Pine­ apple Growing in Puerto Rico and the Caribbean Islands, 1970-75." Acta Horticulturae 57 (october 1976):241-246. [NAL: 80 AC82]

592. SANDERSON, Agnes G. The Agriculture and Trade of the West Indies. Report No. FAS M-103. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Deptartment of Agri­ culture, 1961. PP. 35. [LTC]

593. ----- Notes on the Agricultural Economies of Dependent Territories in the Western Hemisphere and Puerto Rico. Publication No. ERS-Foreign 145. Washington, D.C.: USDA, 1965.

594. SARGEANT, V.AL. "The Regional Field Experimental Programme--An Approach to Soil Fertility Investigations." Proceedings, CFCS, 6th (1968):148-15

595 ----- and HARRICHARAN, H. "Financial Constraints to Livestock Develop­ ment in the West Indies Region." A Paper Presented at the First Regional Livestock Meeting, UWI, St. Augustine, Trinidad, 21-24 Sep­ tember 1975. Pp. 18. [USAID/B; CDBI 67

To overcome existing financial constraints, the authors recommend "greater use of feeds based on readily available local materials, removal of price controls on the more expensive better quality cuts, closer control of the importation of products from extra-regional sources, greater use of small stock and a changed approach to livestock production as an investment."

596. SCHIEBER, E., and ZENTMYER, G.A. "A New Bean Disease in the Caribbean Area." Plant Disease Reporter 55 (March 1971):207-208. [NAL: 1.9 P69PJ

597. Scion Associates. A Review of the Development Finance Corporations of the Leeward and Windward Islands. Conducted for the Canadian High Commission in Barbados. Port-of-Spain, Trinidad, June 1977 (Draft). Pp. irregular. [CIDA/B]

The consultants recommend (1) education of investors, government officials, and DFC staff on the role of DFCs; (2) expansion of DFC staffs and upgrading of skills; (3) an in-depth portfolio review to identify projects for which assistance is needed to ensure financial viability; (4) more stringent overall reviews and management controls; (5) regular independent preformance reviews, using an approach that would improve the CDB's image in the eyes of the DFCs.

598. SEERS, Dudley. "Federation of the British West Indies: The Economic and Financial Aspects." Social and Economic Studies 6 (June 1957): 197-214.

The author describes the federal arrangements then under consideration, and examines the effect on the Federal Government's power to promote economic development and implement social welfare programs. Argues that the proposed Federal Government may not have the powers in the fields of economic and social policies that new political leaders in the islands believe necessary.

599. SEGAL, Aaron. "Economic Integration and Preferential Trade: The Caribbean Experience." World Today 25 (October 1969):415-427.

Discusses and evaluates 5 "formulas" of preferential arrangements which account for more than 90% of the value of Caribbean agricultural exports.

600. ----- Politics and Population in the Caribbean. Rio Piedras, P.R.: ICS, UPR, 1969. [ISERJ

601. ----- The Politics of Caribbean Economic Integration. Rfo Piedras, Puerto Rico: ICS, UPR, 1968.

602. ---- , ed. Population Policies in the Caribbean. Lexington, Mass.: D.C. Health and Company, Lexington Books, 1975.

603. SEMPLE, J.A.; GRIEVE, C.M.; and OSBOURN, D.F. "The Preparation and Feeding Value of Pangola Grass Silage." Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad) 43 (July 1966):251-255. 68

Pangola grass is the principal pasture grass in the Caribbean, and this study reports on an experiment to test its production and feeding value. "Silage was prepared sucessfully from fresh Pangola grass; it was consumed readily by sheep in amounts that would provide for maintenance or near maintenance of sheep and cattle. The addition of molasses to frash and wilted grass resulted in a lower feeding value of the silage, but this may have been caused by inadequate compaction on the silage material."

604. SESHAGIRI RAO, P. "Effects of Flowering on Yield and Quality of Sugar­ cane." Experimental Agriculture (UK) 13 (October 1977):3bl-388.

"By comparing flowered and non-flowered plants of the same age (where flowering was inhibited by photoperiod control), cane yield gains due to prevention of flowering were estimated to be 57% in a plant crop and 347 in a ratoon crop. Sugar gains aue to prevention of flowering was 69% in the plant and 35% in the ratoon crop. The influence of loss of growth, side-shoot production ard pithiness on the yield of flowered canes are discussed" [A.T.A., February 1978].

605. SHEPHERD, C.Y. Peasant Agriculture in the Leeward and Windward Islands. St. Augustine. Trinidad: Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture, 1945. [ISER]

606. SHEPHERD, K. "Banana Breeding in the West Indies." PANS, Section B, 14 (1968):370-379.

607. SHERLOCK, Philip M. West Indian Nations: A New History. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1973. Pp. 362. [U.S. Dept. State: F1621 S45]

608. SHILLINGFORD, John D., and BLADES, H.W. "Prospective Demand for Food in the Commonwealth Caribbean." Proceedings, WIAEC, 10th (1975): Vol. I, pp. 40-53.

The authors' economic analysis of food demand projects demand for high­ calorie commodities to grow by 2.5% annually. Demand for high-protein foods is projected to grow by 5.1% annually.

609. SIFFLEET, Nora M. "The National Income and the National Accounts of Barbados; Antigua; St. Christopher, Nevis & Anguilla; Dominica; St. Lucia; St. Vincent and Grenada." Social and Economic Studies 1 (July 1953):5-139.

National accounts data for 1949, based on field research by the author, are provided for these 7 States.

610. SIMMONDS, F.J., and BENNETT, Fred D. "Recent Investigations on Biological Control of Sugar Cane Pests in the West Indies." Proceedings, BWIST Meeting (1966):301-303. [ISER]

611. SIMMONDS, N.W. "The Growth of Post-war West Indian Banana Trades." Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad) 37 (April 1960):79-85. 69

The author makes a mechanical projection of banana exports in 1963 on the basis of trends during the period 1947-58.

612. SIMMONDS, N.W. "Toward a Strategy for Sugar Cane Smut (Ustilago scitaminea) Control in the West Indies." International Sugar Journal 935 (November 1976):329-330. INAL: 65.8 fN8j

613. SINGH, N.D. "Evaluation of Chemicals for the Control of Nematode Popu­ lation in Cabbage." Proceedings, CFCS (1973).

614. ----. "Evaluation of Nematode Population in Pigeon Pea." In Tropical Diseases of Legumes. New York: Academic Press, Inc., 1975. Pp. 147-149.

615. ----. Root-Crop Nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) and Their Control. Technical Bulletin No. j. St. Augustine, Trinidad: CARDI, September 1977. Pp. 6. [CARDI]

A manual for controlling root-crop nematodes in the Caribbean.

616. . Some Chemicals for Controlling Plant Parasitic Nematodes. Extension Bulletin No. 4. St. Augustine, Trinidad: DAE, UWI, March 1972.

617. ----, and CHARLES, W.B. Cotton Growing. uechnical Bulletin No. 4. St. Augustine, Trinidad: CARDI, December 1977. PP. 17. [CARDIJ

618. "Situaci6n nutricional y alimentaria en los palses de Am6rica Latina y el Caribe." Boletfn de la Oficina Sanitaria Panamericana 80 (June 1976):498-528. [NAL: 449.9 Pi92B]I

Provides nutrizion data for Latin American and Caribbean countries.

619. SKEETE, Charles A. "Association and the Agricultural Policies of the E.E.C." Proceedings, WIAEC, 8th (1973):56-60.

A review of options regarding Association with the EEC. The author makes no recommendations.

620. SMEDLEY, David. "The Availability of Climatological Information for the Caribbean Area." In Proceedings of a Conference on Climatology and Related Fields in the Caribbean, Mona, Jamaica, 20-22 September 1966. Edited by Barry FLOYD. N.p.: Technical Service, Scientific Research Council, 1967.

621. SMITH, G.D. Study of the Correlation of the Soils of the Former British Territories in the West Indies. St. Augustine, Trinidad, Department of Soil Science, UWI, 1974.

622. SMITH, G.W. "The Soil Moisture Status of Some Islands of the West Indies." Ph.D. Dissertation, University of London, 1965.

623. SMITH, Henry. Study of the Cost and Structure of Distribution in St. Lucia and Grenada. Cave Hill, Barbados: ISER, UWI, 1967. Pp. 7-. [BDD; ISER] 70

624. SMITH, Louis L. Critical Evaluation of the Performance of the ECCM Countries under the Agricultural Marketing Protocol (AMP) and the Guaranteed Market Scheme (GMS). Document No. ECLA/POS/74/16. Port­ of-Spain, Trinidad: ECLA, 1974. [CDB]

625. SMITH, Pat. "Cane Payment System--Where Are We Going?" Barbados Sugar Industry Review, No. 22 (December 1974):12-16.

"This article discusses the following factors in relation to the imple­ mentation of a cane payment system: quantity of clean cane; quality of the cane; and efficiency of the factory" [A.T.A., September 1975].

626. SOMMEIJER, M.J. "Investigations on the Occurrence of the West Indian Fruit Fly in the Lesser Antilles and Trinidad." FAO Plant Protection Bulletin 23 (December 1975):185-188.

"The results of surveys indicate that the prevalence of the West Indian fruit fly . . . is rather disjunctive in the eastern Caribbean. It is very common in most of the Caribbean islands, but has not been detected in Antigua, Barbados, St. Vincent, Grenada and Carriacou . . [A.T.A., January 1977].

627. SORIANO-RESSY, Mario; DESMARAIS, A. Paul; and PEREZ, Jos6 P. "A Comparison of Environments of Rain Forests in Dominica, British West Indies, and Puerto Rico." In A Tropical Rain Forest: A Study of Irradiation and Ecology at El Verde, Puerto Rico, ed. Howard T. ODUM. Oak Ridge, Tenn.: U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, 1970. Pp. B329-B346. [NAL: QK938 F603]

628. SPENCE, J.A. "The Importance of Diseases in Relation to the Grain Legume Research Program in the Eastern Caribbean." In Tropical Diseases of Legumes, ed. Julio BIRD and Karl MARAMOROSCH. New York: Academic Press, 1975. Pp. 151-155. (NAL: SB608 L4 T76]

629. ----. Report on the Grain Legume Programme (Eastern Caribbean) for 1973. St. Augustine, Trinidad: Faculty of Agriculture, UWI, February 1974. Pp. 41. [AID/W: LAC/DR/RD]

630. . "The Status and Future Prospects of Edible Aroids in the West Indian Region." Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Tropical Root Crops, Vol. 1, pp. 45ff.

631. SPENCE, J.R. "Report [on Cotton in Barbados, Antigua, St. Kitts, Nevis and Montserrat], 5 November 1971." Bridgetown, Barbados: BDD, 1971. [BDDI

632. STANDARD, K.L. "Child Nutrition in Two West Indian Islands, Jamaica and Barbados." Ph.D. Dissertation, University of London, 1962.

633. STEVEN, D.M. "Marine Resources." In Resource Development in the Caribbean. Montreal: Centre for Developing Area Studies, McGill University, 1972. Pp. 73-79. 71

634. STEWART, W.G. "Programmes to Improve Marketing and Increase Food Production." Cajanus 1. No. 2 (April 1968):23-33.

The author argues that "the most important single obstacle to increased production is the lack of effective and attractive marketing arrangements."

635. THEAKSTON, F.H. "Caribbean Agriculture in Transition." AIC Review (Agricultural Institute of Canada) 25 (May/June 1970):27-28. [NAL: 7 AG8]

63b. THOMAS, Clive Y. "Projections of Cocoa Output in Grenada, Trinidad and Jamaica. 1960-1975." Social and Economic Studies 13 (March 1964):94-117.

Argues that the principal problems faced by the industry are on the supply side rather than the demand side. He assumes, though, that current rehabilitation and expansion schemes will soon bring large number of high-yielding trees into production. Thus cocoa output in the 3 countries is expected to be 21 times higher in 1975 than in 1960. The author believes that a higher percentage of cocoa will be processed locally.

637. THOMAS, R. "The Prospects of Countering the Labour Displacement Effects of Agricultural Policy in the Commonwealth Caribbean." Proceedings, WIAEC, 4th (1969):132-135.

In the author's view, the prospects are not good. Both macro- and micro-level solutions, it is argued, should be sought.

63b. THOMLINSON, F. "The Caribbean Sugar Industry: Planning for Future Success." Proceedings of the WIST Meeting (1973):35-60.

639. THORNE, Alfred P. "Economic Background of the British West Indian Islands." In Politics and Economics in the Caribbean, ed. T.G. MATHEWS and F.M. ANDIC. Special Study No. 8. Rio Piedras, P.R.: ICS, UPR, 1971.

640. TODMAN, McW. Report on a Customs Union of Barbados, the Leeward and Wind­ ward Islands. Bridgetown: Government Printing Office, 1963. [BDD]

641. TYNDALL, Joseph A. The Development of the Caribbean Free Trade Area. Georgetown, Guyana: Commonwealth Caribbean Regional Secretariat, 1970.

642. UCHEGBU, P.E.A. "The Caribbean Development Bank: Implications for Integration." Journal of World Trade Law (1973).

643. United Kingdom. British Information Services. Britain and the Developing Countries: The Caribbean. London: Central Office of Information, January 1973. Pp. 49. [NAL: HC155 G71

Provides a brief review of conditions in the Commonwealth Caribbean and discusses British trade, investment, and aid. 72

644.- ----. Ministry of Overseas Development. British Development Division in the Caribbean. Census of Agriculture, 19y3-74: Associated States and Dependent Territories of the Commonwealth Caribbean--[Enumeration Manual, Editing Instructions, and General Notes]. Bridgetown, Barbados, 1973. [BDDI

645. ------. . .---- Economic Survey and Projections--Dominica, Grenada, St. Kitts, St. Vincent: Comparative Data. Bridgetown, Barbados, 1967. [ISER; BDD]

646. - .. . . Report of the Tripartite Economic Survey of the Eastern Caribbean. Bridgetown, Barbados, 1967. [U.S. Dept. State: HC157 B79 T7; BDD; ISERJ

647. - ---..-- West Indies Census of Agriciuture 1966: Report of the Eastern Caribbean. Bridgetown, Barbados: Government Printing Office, 1968.

648. ----. Tropical Products Institute. Processing Lime Fruit in the West Indies. TPI Report No. 53/62. London, 1962. [BDD]

649. United Nations Development Programme. "Project of the Governments of Antigua, Dominica, Grenada, Montserrat, St. Kitts-Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent: Sub-Regional Agricultural Development Integration and Training." Mimeographed. N.p., [19771. Pp. 50+Annexes. [USAID/B]

Background and description of the proposed project.

650. United Nations. Economic Commission for Latin America. Office for the Caribbean. Agricultural Statistics of the Caribbean Countries. Docu­ ment No. ECLA/POS 74/11. Port-of-Spain, Trinidad, August 1974. Pp. 115. [CARDII

651. ----. .... --.. Agricultural Statistics of the Caribbean Countries. Document No. ECLA/POS 76/5. Port-of-Spain, Trinidad: August 1976. Pp. 214 [SAIG]

652. - .. . . Directory of Associations of Producers/Exporters of Agricultural Products. Document No. CEPAL/CARIB 78/3. Pp. 113. [SAIG]

653. ----. ..-. ----. Economic Activity, 1974: Caribbean Community Countries. Document No. ECLA/POS 75/4. Port-of-Spain, Trinidad, 30 September 1975. Pp. irreg. [AID/W: LAC/DR/RD]

654. ----. . • Economic Activity--1976--in Caribbean Countries. Docu­ ment No. ECLA/CARIB 77/5. Port-of-Spain, Trinidad, 15 July 1977. PP. irreg. [USAID/B]

655. - --- Report on Harmonization of Fiscal Incentives to Indus­ tries in the CARIF'TA Territories. Document No. E/CN. 12/845. [Port­ of-Spain, Trinidad], 1969. Pp. 99. [NAL: HJ865 E2]

Describes existing ax incentives and evaluates their economic impact. Also evaluates the effectiveness of policy administration. Recommends a regional incentive policy and outlines a harmonization scheme. 73

656. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation [UNESCO]. Social Research and Rural Life in Central America, Mexico and the Caribbean. Paris, [1966]. [ISER]

657. United States. Department of Agriculture. Economic Research Service. Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago, Leeward Islands, Windward Islands, Barbados, and British Guiana: Projected Levels of Demand, Supply, and Imports of Agricultural Products to 1975. Document No. ERS-Foreign 9T. Washington, D.C., June 1966. Pp. 22. [AID/W: LAS/DR/RD]

658. ------Summary and Evaluation of "Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago, Leeward Islands, Windward Islands, Barbados, and British Guiana: Projected Levels of Demand, Supply, and Imports of Agricultural Products to 1975." Western Hemisphere Supply and Demand Study, Summary Report No. 1. Document No. ERS-Foreign 148. Washington, D.C., June 1966. Pp. 50. [AID/W: LAC/DR/RD]

659. "U.S. Food Products Find Wide Accept ce in Three Caribbean Markets." Foreign Asriculture 11, No. 9 (February 26, 1973):9-10, 16. [NAL: A281.9 F76FO]

660. University of Guyana. Institute of Development Studies; and University of the West Indies. Institute for Social and Economic Research. Secon­ dary Agro-Based Industries-ECCM and Barbados. Caribbean Technology Policy Studies Series. Cave Hill, Barbados, 1977. [CDB]

661. University of the West Indies. Annual Report on Cocoa Research. St. Augustine, Trinidad.

662. ----- Departmental Reports. (Annual.) [AID/W: LAC/DR/RD (1973/h only)]

663. ----- Report or the Mission to Advise the University of the West Indies on the Work of the School of Agriculture of the University of the West Indies. Mona, Jamaica, 1965. [BDD]

664. ----- Department of Agricultural Extension (St. Augustine). Extension Newsletter. Quarterly since 1970.

Contains extension information and excerpts from recent research studies and other documents.

665. . Department of Crop Science (St. Augustine). Annual Reports.

666. ----. Department of Extra-Mural Studies; and Jamaica. Ministry of Agri­ culture. Report on the Caribbean Conference on Agricultural Extension, July 18-22, 1966. Jamaica: Ministry of Agriculture, n.d. Pp. 100.

667. ----. Forage Legume Research Program. "Progress Report for the Period January 1975 to May 1976." Mimeographed. Pp. 21. [CARDI]

6b8. ----- Institute for Social and Economic Research. An Abstract of Statistics of the Leeward Islands, Windward Islands and Barbados. Cave Hill, Barbados, August 1971. [USAID/B] 74

669 - . .-- Methods and Sources of the National Income Statistics of the Leeward and Windward Islands. Cave Hill, Barbados, l9b6. Pp. 76.

670. ----. Regional Research Centre. Agricultural Research and Its Organiza­ tion in the West Indies. St. Augustine, Trinidad, 1962. [BDDJ

671. UJNSWORTH, E.F.; and OSUJI, P.O. "Variations in Final Molasses Composition in the Eastern Caribbean and Guyana and Their Possible Effect on Beef Cattle Performance." Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad) 53 (April 1976): 151-.156.

672. VENNER, Dwight. "The Advantages of Economic Integration in the Windward and Leeward Islands." Caribbean Quarterly 18 (June 1972):16-27.

673. VIDAEUS, Lars. Caribbean Fishing Industries, 1960-70: A Summary Report of a Series of Country Studies. Bridgetown, Barbados: UNDP, June 1971. [BDD]

674. "Vigilancia de la rabia en el Caribe." Boletfn de la Oficina Sanitaria Panamericana 80 (June 1976):541-543. [NAL: 449.9 P192B]

675. WADDELL, D.A.G. The West Indies and the Guianas. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1967. [ISER]

676. WAGNER, D.P. "Results of Live Bait Pole and Line Fishing Explorations in the Caribbean." Marine Fisheries Review 36 (September 1974):31-35. b77. ---­, and WOLF, R. "Results of Troll Fishing Explorations in the Caribbean." Marine Fisheries Review 36 (September 1974):35-43.

6,78. WALKER, D.I.T., and HUDSON, J.C. "Re-Examining Experimental Design for Sugar Cane." Proceedings, WIST Meeting (1969):48-60.

679. WALLACE, T. et al. Report of the Scientific Team Appointed to Investigate the Research Needs of the Citrus Industry in the British Caribbean Area. Port-of-Spain, Trinidad: Citrus Research Unit, UWI, 1965.

680. WALMSLEY, D. "Selecting Methods of Soil Analysis for Routine Use in Barbados and the Windward islands." Proceedings of the Soils Seminar, UWI, Cave Hill, Barbados, 1969.

681. ---­ , and BAYNES, R.A. "Assessment and Calibration of Soil Analysis Methods for N, P and K using Data from Field Experiments with Maize in the Eastern Caribbean." Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad) 51 (July 1974):383-394.

Based on 87 experiments in Barbados, Grenada, St. Lucia, and St. Vincent.

682. ---­ , and CORNFORTH, I.S. "Methods of Measuring Available Uutrients in West Indian Soils: II. Phosphorus." Plant and Soil 39 (1973):93-101.

68j. ,----and FORDE, St.C.M. "Further Studies on the Evaluation and Calibra­ tion of Soil Analysis Methods for N, P and K in the Eastern Caribbean." Tropical Agriculture (St. Augustine) 53 (1976):281-291. 75

"The usefulness of soil tests (five each for N, P and K) in predicting crop response to fertilizer was assessed using yield data from 70 NPK field trials with maize in the West Indian islands of Antigua, Dominica, Montserrat and St. Kitts. The analytical methods were also calibrated against field response data and a critical test value (CTV) for each method determined" [CAB/ABSS.

684 ----- and TWYFORD, I.T. "The Zone of Nutrient Uptake by the Robusta Banana." Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad) 45 (April 1968):113-118.

This study is based on experiments on a heavy clay soil in St. Lucia and a sandy loam in St. Vincent. On the basis of research findings, the authors make recomnendations for fertilizer placement at different stages of growth.

685. ---- ; ---- ; and CORNFORTH, I.S. "An Evaluation of Soil Analysis Methods for Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium, using Banana." Tropical Agri­ culture (Trinidad)48 (April 1971):141-155.

Based on 32 experiments carried out in Dominica, Grenada, Montserrat, St. Lucia, and St. Vincent over a 3-year period. The authors suggest that the recommended methods be used in routine analysis of farmers' samples as part of an advisory service to banana growers in the region.

686. WALTER, C.J. "Groundnut Proauction in the Less Developed Countries of the Caribbean Common Market: Constraints and Potential." Proceedings, WIAEC, 10th (1975): Vol. II, pp. 267-270.

Despite favorable ecological conditions and regional agreements, the CARICOM region continues to be a net importer of peanuts. Production possibilities in the various LDCs are evaluated and constraints iden­ tified. Measures to overcome constraints are briefly discussed.

687. WARKENTIN, B.P. "Physical Properties Related to Clay Minerals in Soils of the Caribbean." Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad)51 (April 1974): 279-287.

"Physical properties, particularly index properties and water relations, are discussed using measurements on Caribbean soils, mostly from the islands of Nevis, Antigua and Dominica" [Author's Abstract].

688. WATSON, Beverly. Supplementary Notes on Foreign Investment in the Common­ wealth Caribbean. Working Paper No. 1. [Bridgetown, Barbados?]: ISER, UWI, 1974. Pp. 92. [SAIG]

Discusses data, by economic sector, for Barbados, Dominica, and Guyana. Of particular interest are the discussions of land alienation in these countries, particularly in areas suitable for tourism.

689. WATSON, Hilbourne Alban. "The Political Economy of Foreign Investment in the Commonwealth Caribbean since World War II." Ph.D. Dissertation, Howard University, 1975. Pp. 676. [DA 36 (January 1976):4740-A, Ordes No. 75027,762] 76

Applies Marxian tools of economic and political analysis to problems of what are termed underdeveloped capitalist countries. Argues that "Commonwealth Caribbean governments have, on account of the class nature of those states, promoted policies under capitalism, that will not lead to the transition from underdevelopment to dynamic structural transfor­ mation. The problem lies in the relations of production and, more specifically, those governments have neither the will nor the interest to promote such structural transformation" [DAII.

690. WEIR, C.C. "Correction of Magnesium Deficiency of Citrus Trees in the Caribbean Area." Tropical Agriculture (T inidad) 48 (October 1971):351-356.

Based on field fertilizer trials in various types of soils in Belize, Jamaica, and Trinidad-Tobago.

691 - .---.Investigations on the Mineral Nutrition of Citrus in the Caribbean Area. St. Augustine, Trinidad: Citrus Research Unit, UWI, 1969. [BDD]

692. ----, and DAVIDSON, J.G. "The Effect of Retarding Nitrification of Added Fertilizer Nitrogen on the Yield and Nitrogen Uptake of Pangola Grass (Digitaria decumbens)." Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad) 45 (October 1968):301-306.

"Splitting the nitrogen fertilizer into two or three dressings signifi­ cantly increased yields of forage and recoveries of applied nitrogen more than the single dressing. Mixing the nitrification inhibitor with urea, applied as a single dressing, significantly increased yields of forage and recovery of applied nitrogen" [WEIR and DAVIDSON].

693. ----; HOSEIN, I.; and JONES, R.L. "The Influence of Citrus Rootstocks on the Nutrient Compostion of 'Valencia' Orange Leaves." Tropical Agri­ culture (Trinidad)47 (October 1971):331-334.

"Results of studies conducted in Jamaica, Trinidad and British Honduras revealed that the concentration of K, Ca, Mg, and B in the leaves was greatly affected by the type of rootstock used; whereas the contents of N, P, Cu and Zn seem to be unaffected. It was difficult to draw any firm conclusion as regards the effect of the rootstocks on the leaf content of Fe and Mn" [WEIR, HOSEIN, and JONES].

694. Weir's Agricultural Consulting Services Ltd. Small Farming Survey in the Less Develoved Member Territories of the Caribbean Development Bank. 2 vols. Prepared for the CDB. Kingston, Jamaica(?), 1976(?). Pp. xxii+441 [(a)]; xvi+144 [l(b)]; and xv+153 [III. [AID/W: LAC/DR/RD]

Volume I consists of two parts: (a) country reports on the 8 "LDCs" in the region (Antigua, Belize, Dominica, Grenada, Montserrat, St. Kitts-Nevis-(Anguilla), St. Lucia, and St. Vincent; and (b) results of a survey of small farmers in Dominica, St. Vincent, and Montserrat. Small farmers were defined as those having from 1 to 25 acres; thus large numbers of farmers with less than 1 acre were excluded. The survey provides much valuable information (there are few other studies of this nature), but the income data are weak and other data could have been prcsented in more usable form. Volume II, whose contents are confident -I, is an evaluation of the CDB's Farm Improvement Credit Scheme. 77

695. WELCH., B. "Economic Institutions: Local Co-operatives and Growers' Associations." In Resource Development in the Caribbean. Montreal: Centre for Developing Area Studies, McGill University, 1972.

696. West Indian Sea Island Cotton Association. The Final Progress Report on the West Indian Sea Island Cotton Industry. London: Associated Indus­ trial Consultants, Ltd., 1970. [BDD]

697. West Indies. Council of Ministers, and British Development Division in the Caribbean. West Indies Census of Agriculture, 1961: Report of the Eastern Caribbean. Bridgetown, Barbados: BDD, 1968. Pp. xlii+261. [NAL: HD1831 A5 7100; LTC]

Provides data for Ant igua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, St. Kitts-Nevis- Anguilla, St. Lucia, St. Vincent, and the British Virgin Islands.

698 - .---.Federal Statistical Office. Agricultural Statistics. Series 2, No. 1, Section II. Port-of-Spain, Trinidad,1960.

Presents 1960 survey results for Montserrat, St. Lucia, and St. Vincent.

699. --... Ministry of Natural Resources and Agriculture. Agricultural Statis­ tics. Series 1, Nos. 1-8. Port-of-Spain, Trinidad, 1959-60.

Document No. 1 discusses the scope and method of the 1956-58 surveys. Documents 2-7 present survey results for Montserrat, Nevis, Grenada, St. Vincent, St. Lucia, and Dominica, respectively. Document No. 8 is an assessment of techniques and results.

700. West Indies Sugar Association. Annual Report. [NAL: 286.3659 W52 (in­ complete)]

701. ----- Proceedings of the [Annual] Meeting of the West Indies Sugar Technologists. Bridgetown, Barbados, Annual. [NAL: HD9118 W8 W8]

A major compendium of technical papers on research, cultural practices, cane processing, etc.

702. WILLEMS, W.B. "Memorandum on Certain Aspects of Marketing in the Wind­ ward & Leeward Islands and on Matters Appertaining Thereto." Bridgetown, Barbados, 1969. [CDB]

703. WILLIAMS, Holman E. "Animal Health Limitations with the [CARICOM] Region." A paper presented at the Seminar on the Utilization of Local Ingredients in Animal Feedingstuffs, Jamaica, 1975. Extracted in Extension News­ letter (UWI, St. Augustine) 7 (September 1976):16-19.

704. WILLIAMS, S.J.A., and SPENCE, J.A. "Out of Season Production of Pigeon Peas." Extension Newsletter (UWI, St. Augustine) 6 (June 1975).

705. WILSON, L.A. "Improvement of the Yield Potential in Caribbean Sweet Potato Cultivation." Proceedings, CFCS, 12th (1974):16-32. 706. WILTSHIRE, Rosina Elizabeth. "Regional Integration and Conflict in the Commonwealth Caribbean." Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1974. Pp. 202. [DAI 34 (May 1975):7375-7376-A; Order No. 75-10,340] "The balance of forces of integral'no1 and stress in the Commonwealth Caribbean has made and will continue to make integration a very fragile experiment. Caribbean policy integration in crucial economic spheres remains, however, one of the only avenues of survival and change for societies in which the political leadership has renounced a radical alternative" [DAI].

707. WINT, Douglas. Roads in Antigua and St. Kitts. Economic Development in the Eastern Caribbean, Series 2. Bridgetown, Barbados: ISER, UWI, 1964.

708. WINTERS, Harold F., and MISKIMEN, George W. Vegetable Gardening in the Caribbean Area. Agricultural Handbook No. 323. Washington, D.C.: Agricultural Research Servine, U.S. Department of Agriculture, August 1967. [AID/W: LAC/DR/RD]

709. WOLF, R.S., and CHISLETT, G.R. "Trap Fishing Explorations for Snapper and Related Species in the Caribbean and Adjacent Waters." Marine Fisheries Review 36 (September 1974):61-66.

710. ,----and RATHJEN, W.F. A Summary of Exploratory Fishing Activities of the UNDP/FAO Caribbean Fishery Development Project, 1965-71. Bridge­ town, Barbados: UNDP/FAO Caribbean Fishery Development Project, 1971. Also in Marine Fisheries Review 36 (September 1974):1-8.

711. WOOD, D., and FOSTER, M. Manpower Planning in the Eastern Caribbean. A Report prepared for the Eastern Caribbean Common Market Secretariat. 2 vols. April 1976. [USAID/B (Vol. II)]

Vol. I reviews the manpower situation in the region and describes the type of manpower planning the authors believe is best suited to the islands. It also recommends changes in the statistics collected by the island governments and suggests how improved statistics can help formulate appropriate employment policies. Vol. II provides detailed reports on each of the LDCs in the Eastern Caribbean.

712. WOOD, Hubert E. "The Need to Rationalize a Caribbean Fishery." Pro­ ceedings, WIAEC, 10th (1975): Vol. II, pp. 157-163.

In the author's view, "unless fisheries development is nationalized on a Caribbean basis, a few of the countries will develop to some extent and struggle with each other for the markets."

713. YANKEY, J. Bernard. "Financial Intermediaries as a Mechanism to Facili­ tate the Integration of Production and Marketing in the Agricultural Sectors of Small Island States." Proceedings, WIAEC, 12th (1977):162-173.

Argues that financial institutions in the region, "with a bad history, [will] have to establish an impresive record if they are to attract funds from regional and international banking institutions, bilateral lending agencies, the public sector and very important, the indigenous 7,9

private sector (rural as well as urban). If this record can:be estab­ lished early, then whatever constraints that may be impo.sed by outside sources of finance must be seen as short term."

714. "Fiscal Incentives to Agriculture--The CARICOM Perspective." A paper presented at a meeting of the Caribbean Association of Industry and Commerce, Roseau, Dominica, 25 June 1976. [CDB)

715. . "Notes on Proposed Areas for Government Intervention in Agriculture." Bridgetown, Barbados: CDB, 1975. [CDB]

716. "Problems and Techniques of Measurement and Valuation in Rural Areas or Subsistence Economics Related to Output." Paper presented at the Sixth Conference of Commonwealth Government Statisticians, Nassau, Bahamas, 27 November-5 December 197 . [CUB]

717. YASEEN, M. "A Further Note on the Introduction of Heliothis Parasites into the Lesser Antilles (Biological Control)." PANS 21 (June 1975): 155-157. [NAL: SB950 Al P31

718. ----, and BENNETT, Fred D. "Distribution, Biology, and Population Dynamics of the Green Cassava Mite in the Neotropics." Proceedings of the Fourth Symposium of the International Society for Tropical Root Crops, Cali, Columbia, 1-7 August 1976. Ottawa, Canada: Inter­ national Development Research Centre, 1977. Pp. 197-202. LCIDA/B]

Identifies the distribution of this mite in the Caribbean and in the Latin American tropics. Discusses control measures.

719. YATES, P. Lamartine, and BUCKMIRE, George E. Agricultural Trade and Development in the Commonwealth Caribbean. Draft report of a joint Commonwealth Caribbean Regional Secretariat and UNDP/FAO Mission in July 1971. [Bridgetown, Barbados: UNDP], 1971. [CDB]

7 O. YATES, R.A. "Field Experiments on the Chemical Ripening of Sugar-cane in Jamaica and Belize in 1970." Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad) 49 (July 1972):235-244.

Discusses results of experiments with 4 compounds selected as potential ripening agents from glasshouse screening trials.

721. YORK, Fred. "A Discussion of the Agency for International Development Project Paper on an Integrated Agricultural Development Program for Selected Territories in the Commonwealth Caribbean." Mimeographed. Binghamton, N.Y., April 1976. Pp. 26. [AID/W: LAC/DR/RD; SAIG]

722. YOUNG, Ruth C. "Political Autonomy and Economic Development in the Caribbean Islands." Caribbean Studies 16 (April):86-114.

723. "The Structural Context of Caribbean Agriculture: A Comparative Study." Journal of Developing Areas 10 (July 1976):425-44h. This interesting statistical study of agriculture in the Caribbean challenges the view of plantation agriculture as "a 'total institution' that has controlled the political structure, established a rigid social class structure, and maintained a stranglehold on the entire economy of nations where it prevails."

724. ZEPHIRIN, M. "Developments from the Caribbean Food and Nutrition Insti­ tute 1970 Technical Group Meeting on Dietary Services for the Contem­ porary Caribbean." Journal of the Canadian Dietetic Association 34 (Winter 1973):169-173. [NAL: 389.9 C16321

725. ZINDER, H., and Associates. The Future of Tourism in the Eastern Caribbean. Prepared for the U.S. Agency for International Development. Washington, D.C., May 1969. [ISER]

A controversial study that seems clearly to have overestimated the net benefits of tourism to the region. For critical comments on this study, see BRYDEN and FABER (1971) and LEVITT and GULATI (1970). LEEWARD ISLANDS

726. Barclay's Bank, D.C. & 0. The Leeward Islands: An Economic Survey. I London, 1962. [BDD]

727. Caribbean Ecumenical Consultation for Development [CADEC]. "Motivation for Agriculture in the Leewards." Report of a CADEC Survey. [?], 1973.

728. FORDE, St.C.M. "The Evaluation of Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. Capitalu) Varieties in the Leeward Islands." Proceedings, CFCS, llth (1973):444-448.

729. "Evaluation of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) Varieties in the Lee­ ward Islands." Proceedings, CFCS, llth (1973):449-455.

730..... "The Evaluation of Tomato Varieties in the Leeward Islands: A Progress Report." Proceedings, CFCS, 8th (1970):29-33.

731. ------. "Factors Affecting Tomato Production in the Leeward Islands: Time of Planting." Proceedings, CFCS, 10th (1972):46-51.

732. University of the West Indies. Regional Field Experiment Programme (Leeward Islands). Annual Report, August 1966-July 1967.

733. WALMSLEY, D.; CORNFORTH, I.S.; and AHMAD, N. Methods of Estimating Available Nutrients in Leeward Islands Soils. Report No. 16. St. Augustine, Trinidad: Department of Soil Science, UWI, 1969. [BDD]

See also References No. 112, 113, 183, 208, 271, 280, 337, 339, 371, 400, 423, 429, 512, 513, 515, 536, 597, 605, 640, 657, 658, 660, 668, 669, 672, 702. 0e

WINDWARD ISLANDS

734. ADAIR. D., and GILES, P.H. A Project to Promote Improvement of Copra Production,Storage and Processing in the Windward Islands. Bridgetown, Barbados: BDD, 1970. LCDB]

735. Barclay's Bank, D.C. & 0. Windward Islands: An Economic Survey. London, 196h. [BDD]

736. BAYNES, RONALD A. Grain Corn Production in the Eastern Caribbean'- A Practical Guide for Farmers. RFEP Windward Islands Bulletin No. 1. Cave Hill, Barbados: UWI, 1970. [BDD]

737. BECKFORD, George L. "Commentary: 'Crisis' in the West Indian Banana Industry." Caribbean Quarterly 10 (June 1964):16-18.

Argues that Jamaica and the Windward Islands need to cooperate, not compete, in banana marketing.

738. ----. "Issues in the Jamaica-Windward Islands Banana War." New World Quarterly 2 (Dead Season 1965):3-11.

739. . "A Preliminary Appraisal of the Scope for Rationalisation of the West Indian Banana Industry." Proceedings, WIAEC, 1st (1966):210-241.

Notes that average yields in Ecuador and Colombia are twice those in Jamaica and the Windward Islands; in the yields are 3 times as high, and in Costa Rica they are 4 times as high. Protection given to the West Indies by the U.K. has discouraged cost-reducing measures. But since protection is not likely to continue indefinitely, it is argued that the West Indies needs to become more competitive. Argues that "the principle of zoning must be extended to all agricul­ tural activity."

740. BOLT, A. "Green Gold: Bananas in the Windward Isles." World Crops 12 (August 1960):304-306.

Describes increased banana production and export activities following the export agreement signed in 1954 between Geest Industries and growers' associations in Dominica, Grenada, St. Lucia, and St. Vincent.

741. CLARKE, S.St.A. "Some Aspects of the Banana Industry in Latin America." Proceedings, WIAEC, 2nd (1967):2-26, with discussion, pp. 27-34.

Includes export data for Caribbean countries (1959-64). It is estimated that the supply of bananas available for export from the Windward 83

Islands could double between 1964 and 1970. In the discussion it is noted that banana growers in the Windwards receive about twice as much as Latin American producers for their bananas. This, it is said, is causing Latin American countries to pressure the British government for lower protection in the Windwards.

742. EDMUNDS, J.E. "Association of Rotylenchis reniformis with 'Robusta' Banana and Commelina sp. roots in the Windward Islands." Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad) 48 (January 1971):55-61.

Rotylenchis reniformis was found in large numbers. "Laboratory and green­ house studies showed that under natural conditions the nematode caused distinct lesions around its feeding site; it is capable of completing its life cycle in the roots of both host plants and it lays a large number of eggs" [EDMUNDS].

743. ----. Banana Nematode Control. Windward Islands Banana Research Scheme Advisory Bulletin. Roseau, St. Lucia, 1969.

744. ----. "Effects of Fallowing on Banana Nematodes and on Crop Yields." Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad) 47 (October 1970):315-319.

"Yield data at the end of one year indicated that despite reduction in nematode population due to fallowing, there was no concomitant increase in average bunch weight or total production. Fallowing proved to be an uneconomic venture. Chemical nematode control and continuous banana production is recommended" [EDMUNDS].

745. ----. "Nematodes Associated with Bananas in the Windward Islands." Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad) 45 (April 1968):119-124.

All areas sampled were found to contain at least one pathogenic nematode species. "The banana feeder root system was found to support a much higher nematode population than the primary roots, thus suggesting the importance to nematoaes in contributing to the severe rotting of the feeder roots and the subsequent effect on water and nutrient uptake" [EDMUNDS]. Additional research is recommended.

746 ..... "Plant Nematode Problems of the Windward Islands." In Nematodes of Tropical Crops, ed. J.L. PEACHEY. Technical Communication No. 40. St. Albans, Herts.: Commonwealth Bureau of Helminthology, 1969.

747. GOWEN, S.R. Control of Nematode Pests of Bananas. Advisory Bulletin. Castries, St. Lucia: WINBAN, 1976. Pp. 12. [CARDI]

748. "Nematicidal Effects of Foliar Applications of Oxamyl to Banana Seedlings." Nematropica 5 (October 1975):22. (Summary)

749 ..... "Some reliminary Findings on the Value of Granular Nematocides for Improving Banana Production in the Windward Islands." PANS 20 (December 1974):40o-402. [NAL: SB950 Al P3] 750. GRIFFEE, P.J., and BURDEN, O.J. "Fungi Associated with Crown Rot of Boxed Bananas in the Windward Islands." Phytopathologische Zeitschrift 85 (February 1976):149-158. [NAL: 464.8 P562]

751. ---- , and PINGAR, J.A. "Fungicides for Control of the Banana Crown Rot Complex: In Vivo and In Vitro Studies." Tropical Science 16 (1974):107-120.

"Using benomyl and thiabendazole as standards, 10 chemicals were tested for the control of banana crown rot which is caused by several fungi." The in vivo tests were carried out in the Windward Islands; the in vitro screening was done in England [A.T.A., July 1975].

752. GUMBS, F.A. Report to Candaian International Development Agency on Irri­ gation Research Project Assistance for WINBAN Research. N.p., 30 March 1976. Pp. 22. [CIDA/B]

Critical evaluation of a planned irrigation trial.

753. HENDERSON, Thomas H. Conflicts in the Role of the Agricultural Extension Officer in the Windward Islands. Extension Bulletin No. 1. St. Augustine, Trinidad: UWI, 1970.

754 . "Preliminary Summary Report of a Study of the Extension Services of the Southern Caribbean." Unpublished paper. St. Augustine, Trini­ dad: UWI, 1971.

Reports that 72 of 85 extension workers in the Windward Islands had no formal training from an agricultural education institution.

755. ---- et al. Constraints to the Adoption of Improved Practices in the Windward Islands Banana Industry. A Summary Report of Phase I of the ODA-Sponsored Windward Islands Extension Communication Research Project (WIECRP). St. Augsutine, Trinidad: Department of Agricultural Exten­ sion, UWI, August 1975. PP. 59. [CARDI; SAIG]

756. HUNT, D.J. Annual Report of the Regional Nematologist (TCC). [Castries, St. Lucia]: WINBAN, October 197F. Pp. 38. [CARDI]

757. KERSHAW, Melba. "The Banana Industry in the Windward Islands." Tropical Science 8 (1966):115-127.

Discusses the role of the Windward Islands Banana Growers' Association (WINBAN), owned jointly by the growers' associations in Dominica, Grenada, St. Lucia, and St. Vincent. Attention is also given to the role of Geest Industries, Ltd., sole purchasers for the export market. Low yields are attributea to insufficient fertilizer use. Other topics discussed include disease control and future prospects for the industry.

758. LEONCE, F. Guidelines for the Use of Gibberellin to Improve the Quality of the Windward Islands' Bananas. [Castries, St. Lucia]: WINBAN, March 1978. Pp. 8. [CARDI]

759. LOOS, C.A. "Blackhead Disease of Bananas in the Windward Islands." Unpublished Study, 1960. [UWI/St. Augustine]. 85

760. MESSING, J.H.L. "Indication of Sulphur Deficiency in Windward Islands Soils." In Proceedings of the Soil Seminar, U.W.I., Cave Hill, Bar­ bados, 29-30 May 1969.

761. ----. "Long Term Changes in Potassium, Magnesium and Calcium Content of Banana Plants and Soils in the Windward Islands." Tropical Agri­ culture (Trinidad) 51 (April 1974):154-160.

"In the Windward Islands, a considerable improvement in exchangeable potassium content of the soils in noted and high analysis for this nutrient is recorded for many recent leaf samples. A constant and somewhat alarming decrease in magnesium, often acconpanied by a decrease in calcium, is recorded for both leaf and soil samples. There is an increasing incidence of magnesium deficiency in the area. The need for greater attention to the balance of nutrients when formu­ lating fertilizer advice is suggested" [Author's abstract].

762. ----. "Response to Sulphur in Windward Islands Soils." Proceedings of the Meeting of the Association for Co-operation in Banana Research in the Caribbean and Tropical America, Jamaica, 12-16 July 1971.

Found that tomato plants showed significant increases in growth in two-thirds of the 51 soils studied.

763. MOMSEN (n~e HENSHALL), Janet D. Report on a Banana Acreage Survey of the Windward Islands. London, n.d. Pp. 50.

764. ORDISH, G., and HOUGHTON, R. Disease Control in Bananas, Windward Islands, West Indies. London: Ministry of Overseas Development, 1965. [BDD; ISER]

765. PEARCE, S.C. Windward Islands Banana Replanting Incentive Scheme: Recommendations for Evaluation. N.p., 1968. [BDD]

766. PERSAUD, Bishnodat. "Economic Problems of the Windward Islands Banana Industry." Proceedings, WIAEC, 2nd (1967):35-55.

The author argues that there is an urgent need to increase the competi­ tiveness of the banana industry and provides recommendations for doing so. Results of the author's 1965 cost-of-production study in St. Lucia are reviewed, and new data, based on regular visits to 30 farms through­ out 1965, are presented. The author argues that "management is the major problem and not scale of production, [so] there is no need for re-organisation into large-scale production."

767. PHILLIPS, C.A. "Fruit Quality Problems of the Windward Islands Banana Industry." PANS 16, No. 2 (1970):298-303.

768. "The Effect of Plant Density and Spacing on the Growth and Pro­ duction of Robusta Bananas." M.Sc. Thesis, UWI, St. Augustine, Trinidad, 1967. Pp. 252. The author finds that highest yields are obtained with very high densities, but profits are maximized with relatively low densities and large amounts of fertilizer.

769. TWYFORD, I.T. An Agronomic Research Programme on Bananas for the Wind­ ward Islands. St. Augustine, Trinidad: RRC, ICTA, 1960. LBDD]

770. "Economic Aspects of Banana Research in the Windward Islands." Proceedings, WIAEC, 2nd (1967):71-81, with discussion, pp. 82-88. [ISER]

Describes the WINBAN Research Scheme. Argues that more sophisticated production techniques should be adopted to lower production costs. This will require considerable improvement in farm management. In the discussion, the author argues that one major obstacle to the adoption of new techniques is that "the average person has not got high enough demands for a better standard of living."

771. . "Soil, Nutrition and Fertilizers." In Combined Annual Report 1963 and 1964, Windward Islands Banana Research Scheme, Castries, St. Lucia, 1964.

772. ----, and WALMSLEY, D. "The Mineral Composition of the Robusta Banana Plant: I. Methods and Plant Growth Studies." Plant and Soil 39 (1973) :227-243.

773. ---- , and .... "The Mineral Content of the Robusta Banana Plant: II. The Concentration of Mineral Constituents." Plant and Soil 41 (December 1974) :459-470.

774. ---- , and . "The Mineral Compositionof the Robusta Banana Plant: III. Uptake and Distribution of Mineral Constituents." Plant and Soil 41 (December 1974) :471-491.

775. ----, and .... "The Mineral Composition of the Robusta Banana Plant: IV. The Application of Fertilizers for High Yields." Plant and Soil 41 (December 1974):1493-508.

776. ULG Consultants Limited. The Windward Islands Banana Industry. 4 vols. Submitted to the Ministry of Overseas Development. London, January 1976. Pp. 60+97+75+57. [CIDA/B]

Provides a series of management recommendations for the growers' associations and WINBAN. Also calls for modifications in WINBAN's contract with Geest Industries.

777. United Kingdom. Ministry of Overseas Development. British Development Division in the Caribbean. Replanting Incentive Scheme for Windward Islands Banana Association. Bridgetown, Barbados, 1967. [BDD]

778. WALMSLEY, D.; CORNFORTH, I.S.; and AHMAD, N. Methods of Estimating Available Nutrients in Windward Islands Soils. Report No. 15. St. Augustine, Trinidad: Department of Soil Science, UWI, 1969. Pp. 23. [BDD; CARDI] 87

779. ---­ , and TWYFORD, I.T. "The Mineral Composition of the Robusta Banana Plant: V. Sulphur, Iron, Manganese, Boron, Zinc, Copper, Sodium and Aluminum." Plant and Soil 45 (1976):595-611.

78o. ---­, and .... "The Translocation of Phosphorus within a Stool of Robusta Bananas." Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad) 45 (July 1968): 229-233.

"In experiments using 32P as a tracer, it was shown that there is a ready transfer of this nutrient amongst the components of a Robusta banana stool over a wide range of stool development" [WALMSLEY and TWYFORD]. The authors make recommendations to growers based on these findings.

32 781. ---­, and .... "The Uptake of P by the Robusta Banana." Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad) 45 (July 1968):223-228.

"The purpose [of the experiment] were to determine the minimum quantity of radioactivity, given as a soil dressing, which would produce easily detectable amounts in the plant and also to find out which banana tissue would be most suitable for sampling" [WALMSLEY-TWYFORD].

782. WALSTON, Harry. "The Windward Islands and Bananas." Third World 2, No. 5 (1973):15-16.

783. Windward Islands Banana Growers Association [WINBAN]. Banana Growers' Manual. Castries, St. Lucia, 1966.

In printed and pictorial versions, the Manual explains recommended practices. These practices are used by WINBAN agents on demonstration plots. 784. Integrated 5-Year Development Plan for the Windward Islands Banana Industry (1st April 1977-31 May 1982). Castries, St. Lucia, 1977.

785. ----- Monthly Production Figures. Castries, St. Lucia, monthly.

786. ----- WINBAN News. Castries, St. Lucia, quarterly.

787. ----- WINBAN Researcli Scheme: Annual Reports.

Includes reports of research findings.

788. WRIGHT, J.D.E. " Report on the Artificial Insemination of Cattle in the Windward Isles, 30th September-30th November 1968." Bridgetown, Bar­ baaos: BDD, 1)68. [BDD]

789. YANKEY, J. Bernard. An Outline of the Proposed Regional (LDC) Agricul­ tural Project to Develop Facilities for Providing Fertilisers and Other Import Services in the Less Developed Countries, with Special Reference to the Windward Islands. Wildey, Barbados: CDB, 1976. [CDBj See also References No. 66, 112, 113, 183, 208, 271, 280, 337, 339, 367, 371, 400, 423, 429, 446, 468, 497, 512, 513, 536, 537, 543, 550, 597, 605, 64o, 657, 658, 660, 668, 669, 672, 68o, 702. 89

ANTIGUA

90. ADIAR, D. "Examination of Soils from Claremont Irrigation Scheme." St. - John's, Antigua: Government of Antigua, 1963.

791. Antigua. Antigua: Development Strategy 1976/77-1979/80. St. John's, 1976. [CDB]

792. ----. General Development Plan for the Island of Barbuda, State of Antigua. St. John's, 1968?. [BDD]

793. ----. Proposed Industry for Antigua: Chicken Processing Plan-St. John's, 1966. [BDD]

794. Agricultural and Livestock Development Committee. Report 1968. St. JoWn's, 1968. [BDD]

795. ----. Chief Minister's Office. Development Plan 1966-70. St. John's, 1966. [ISER; BDD]

796. ----. Ministry of Agriculture. ["Survey of Small Farmers, February- March 1977: Preliminary Results"]. Mimeographed. [St. John's, 1977]. Pp. 4+10. [See also Reference No. 833]

797. Ministry of Finance. Statistics Division. Statistical Yearbook.

798. ----- Office of the Premier. Report on the Sugar Industry, 1972. St. John's, 1972. [ISER]

799. ARRUNDALE, J. Marketing of Fish, Fruit, Vegetables and Meat in Antigua. A Report to the British Development Division in the Caribbean. Bridge­ town, Barbados: UNDP/FAO, 1971. [BDD]

800. AUGELLI, John P. "Pattern and Problems of Land Tenure in the Lesser Antilles: Antigua, B.W.I." Economic Geography 29 (October 1953): 362-367.

"Most of the better land in Antigua had been alienated by plantations long before the bulk of its . . . population had acquired the right through emancipation to own land. With the exception of the land settlement scheme which 'is not impressive either in ma'nitude or achievement,' the predominant systems of land tenure and tenancy are only slightly modified forms from the pre-emancipation days. The result is a large landless peasantry which lives under constant econ­ omic distress, and which is becoming restive in its demands for land reform." 90

801. BERLEANT-SCHILLER, Riva. "Environment, Technology, and the Cstch: Fishing and Lobster-Diving in Barbuda." In Fishing Cultures of the World, ed. B6la GUNDA. Debrecen, : Ethnological Institute of the University, forthcoming.

802. ----. "Production and Division of Labor in a West Indian Peasant Community." American Ethologist 4 (1977).

Based on research in Barbuda.

803. "Social and Economic Role of Cattle in Barbuda." Geographical Review 67 (July 1977):299-309.

The author finds that "far more than any other cash or subsistence pursuit, cattle keeping provides a way for Barbudans to adjust to environmental change, to strengthen social bonds and community soli­ darity, to create a prestigious social and economic place for men in a society with scanty resources, and finally to extend economic involvement with the world beyond Barbuda." Inadequate rainfall makes cash crops unattractive. "[Barbuda's] system of open-range husbandry and communal land tenure successfully protects social organization and economy against the effects of long drought."

804. ----. "Subsistence and Social Organization in Barbuda, West Indies." Ph.D. Dissertation, State University of New York at Stony Brook, 1974. Pp. 375. [DAI 35 (July 1974):6-A; Order No. 74-15,460]

"A customary system of communal land tenure operates in response to the needs of free-ranginj; cattle, shifting cultivation, and timber harvest. Other cash and subsistence pursuits are fishing and lobster­ diving. These pursuits, the basis of Barbuda's post-Emancipation economy, are adaptive to specific environmental features, especially shallow soils and periodic drought. Environment and history limited Barbuda's development as a plantation island, making Barbuda the corporate community of peasant producers we now find" [DAI]. Barbudan society is described as "unstratified."

805. BORDEN, R.W. "A Method for Determining the Irrigation Requirement in Antigua, West Indies." Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad) 53 (January 1976):41-45. [NAL: 26 T754]

806. ----. "Soil Properties and Irrigation Ratings for Some Antigua Soils." M.Sc. Thesis, McGill University, Montreal, 1972. !

807. ----, and WARKENTIN, B.P. "An Irrigation Rating for Somr Soils in Antigua, West Indies." Tropical Agriculture (Tr ..-d) 51 (October 1974):501-513.

"Criteria for establishing the irrigation suitability of soils in Antigua, West Indies, were developed by re-evaluating criteria developed for temperate climates to take into consideration the soil physical property differences that result from a tropical environment and the specific local conditions" [Authors' abstract]. 91

808. BRATHWAITE, C.W.D. "Plant Parasitic Nematodes Associated with Vegetable Crops in Antigua." Proceedings, CFCS, 11th (1973):299-306.

809. CAMPBELL, Lewis G., and EDWARDS, David T. Agriculture in Antigua's Economy: Possibilities and Problems of Adjustment. Agricultural Series No. 1. Cave Hill, Barbados: ISER, UWI, 1965. Pp. 50. [ISER; SAIG; BDD]

Most of the report is devoted to (1) mechanization of both estates and peasant farms and (2) improving farming under naturally dry conditions by irrigating and using better dry-farming techniques.

810. DERRICK, A. Market Conditions and Export Prospects for Antiguan Agri­ cultural Products in St. Maarten, St. Thomas, St. Croix and Tortola. [St. John's, Antigua]: Central Marketing Corporation, November 1976. Pp. 22+Annexes. [BDD]

811. FAULKNER, D.E. Reoort on Livestock Development in Antigua. Port-of- Spain, Trinidad: Ministry of Natural Resources and Agriculture, , 1962. [ISER]

812. GOODING, E.G.B. "Cotton in Antigua, 1965." Bridgetown, Barbados: Barbados Sugar Producers' Association, 1966. [BDD]

813. GUERI, M. "Nutritional Status of Young Children in Antigua." CFNI Mimeograph Document. [St. Augustine, Trinidad?]: CFNI, December 1975.

This survey of 535 children less than 5 years old found that 0.75% suffered from 3rd degree malnutrition and an additional 6.8% suffered 2nd degree malnutrition.

814. Halcrow, Sir William & Partners. A Preliminary Report on the Conservation on Water in Antigua. London: Alliance House, 1963. [BDD]

815. ----. Report on the Feasibility of the Construction of Two Major Water Reservoirs in Antigua. London: Alliance House, 1965.

816. --... Report on Water Supplies in Antigua from Medium Reservoirs. london, i970. [BDD]

817. ----. Report on Water Supplies in Antigua from Potworks Reservoir. London, 1969. [BDD]

818. HALILOVIC, Ahmed. Leather Trade of Antigua. Rome: FAO, March 1973. [BDD]

819. HENDERSON, J.P. Some Aspects of the Meteorology of Antigua with Particular Reference to r.ainfall an. Water Supply. London: Ministry of Overseas Develpment, 1967. [BDDI

820. HENRY, Paget Ellsworth. "From Underdevelopment to Underdevelopment: A Case Study of Decolonization, Modernization and Development in Antigua." Ph.D. Dissertation, Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y., 1976. Pp. 266. [DAI 37 (April 1977):6769-A; Order No. 77-8401] 92

Argues that Antigua's underdevelopment can be explained by its "coloniza­ tion and subsequent incorporation into metropolitan socio-economic system." In the current "neo-colonial phase of development," it is argued "the new political elites [are] in a grim battle against economic recolonization." The study concliues with "a discussion of e-isting power arrangements for Antigua's future development and of the implica­ tions of the Antiguan case for sociological theories of modernization and development." [DAI]

821. HILL, I.D. Soil and Land Use Surveys No. 19: Antigua [and Barbuda]. St. Augustine, Trinidad: Regional Research Centre, UWI, 1966. [ISER]

822. KEOGHAN, J.M. Pasture Project in Antigua: Annual Report, November, 1975- November, 1976. St. John's: International Development Research Centre and TUWI, 1976. [CDB]

823. KING, Edmond J.A. "Socio-psychological Barriers to Crop Production and Extension Work in Antigua." Proceedings, CFCS, 5th (1967):201-206.

824. McINTOSH, Curtis E. "Food Marketing Programmes in a Small Developing Economy." Proceedings, WIAEC, 12th (1977):155-161. Also in Cajanus 11 (1978/1):13-23.

Briefly describes food marketing in Antigua and discusses the nutri­ tional aspects of food marketing.

825. McKAY, H. Run-off in Antigua. Evaluation of Report by Sir William Halcrow & Partners. [St. John's?], April 1968. [BDD]

826. MacKENZIE, Alasdair F. Assessment Visits--Antigua: Provision of Fishing Equipment. St. John's, Antigua, 1968. [BDD]

827. MATHER, J.D. A Survey of the Groundwater Resources of Barbuda. London: Institute of Geological Sciences, 1971. [BDD]

Notes that average annual rainfall during 1953-73 was 34.9 inches, compared with 39.9 inches during the previous 40 years. Moreover, mean monthly rainfall during the more recent period generally failed to meet the critical minimum for crop production, resulting in a significant decline in cultivation.

828. NESTEL, Barry. Economic Development in the Eastern Caribbean Islands: Antigua. Series I--Livestock Development. Cave Hill, Barbados: ISER, UWI, 1964. [BDD]

829. O'LOUGHLIN, Carleen. "The Economy of Antigua." Social and Economic Studies 8 (September 1959):229-264.

Provides national accounts data for 1953-56 and discusses economic trends during that period. Notes that sugar and cotton are grown under conditions that are unfavorable in comparison with those of neighboring islands. The same is said for root crops, fruits, and 93

vegetables, and it is argued that "meausres to reduce the costs of importation and marketing of foods from neighboring islands would be of more use than the encouragement of increasing high-cost local pro­ duction on marginal land."

830. ----. National Income Statistics of Antigua, 1954-64. Cave Hill, Bar­ bados: ISER, UWI, 1965. [BDD; ISER]

831. . "Problems in the Economic Development of Antigua." Social and Economic Studies 10 (September 1961):237-277.

The author extends her previous work on the national income accounts to cover the period 1957-59. Notes that tourism was greatly stimulated by the construction of an international airport, but warns about the dangers of too great an emphasis on facilities for high-income tourists. Notes that the problems of high prices, scarcity, and poor quality of locally produced fresh foods appear to be getting worse.

832. OSTROWSKY, Bernice J. "Peasant Marketing in Antigua." M.A. Thesis, Brandeis University, 1969. Pp. 61.

833. PEMBERTON, Carlisle A.R. "Preliminary Results of Survey." Proceedings, WIAEC, 12th (1977):231-23b.

Presents preliminary results of a survey of 100 small farmers in Antigua. In addition to socioeconomic data and information on crops/ livestock and production technology, the survey contained questions on farmer attitudes, goals, and aspirations. [See also Reference No. 796]

834. PHILLIPS, Andrew Peter. "The Development of a Modern Labor Force in Antigua." Ph.D. Dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles, 1964 . Pp. 240. [DAI 25 (September 1964):2095; Order No. 64-9793; ISER]

This study is based on interviews with 60 workers at the Antigua Sugar Factory. "It was concludel that something of a 'myth' had been operating in the West Indies to the effect that a low level of worker' motivation inhibited economic development. The data at hand indicated that economic development, through opening up greater employment opportunities, would generate a higher level of development" [DAI]. It is argued that McCLELLAND's "need-to-achieve" may be dependent on a worker's perception of opportunity.

835. "Management and Workers Face an Independent Antigua." In The Democratic Revolution in the West Indies, ed. Wendell BELL. Cambridge, Mass.: Schenkman, [19671. Pp. 165-196. [GWU: F2131 C24]

A majority of 47 Antiguan leaders surveyed believed the citizenry to be delinquent in their attitudes toward work. Interviews with workers in the sugar factory led to the conclusion that poor (good) performance was related to negative (positive) perception of opportunity: "The problem seemed not so much that the worker wouldn't work; rather he saw little to work for." 94

836. POLLARD, l.J. "International Tourism and the Economic Development of Small Territories: The Case of Antigua, West Indies." Ph.D. Disser­ tation, University of Reading, 1974.

837. ROTTENBERG, Simon. Report on Employment in the Presidency of Antigua. St. John's, Antigua: Department of Labour, 1961. [ISER]

838 - .----Report on the Sugar Industry in Antigua. bt. John's, Antigua: Government Printer, 1960. [ISER]

839. SILVERSIDE, D. Report on Meat Preparation in Antigua, 27 February-4 March 1974. London: Tropical Products Institute, 197. (CDBI

840. SMITH, G.W. The Irrigation Needs of Antigua, W.I. St. Augustine, Trinidad: RRC, UWI, 1959. [ISER]

841. TAI, Egbert A. "Crop Production for Food in Antigua." Proceedings, WIAEC, 12th (1977):123-129.

Provides data on food exports and imports, discusses factors affecting crop production, and recommends increased production of 20 crops. Cost-of-production/profitability data are not considered.

842. TRAPMEN, Christopher. The Economic Prospects for Mechanised Cotton Production in Antigua. Bridgetown, Barbados: BDD, 1974. [BDD]

843. United Kingdom. Ministry of Overseas Development. Antigua Sugar Industry, Interim Report: July-August 1966. London: August 1966.

844. .------. British Development Division in the Caribbean. Antigua: Economic Survey and Projections. Bridgetown, Barbados, 1969. [BDD; ISER]

845. ------A Note on the Proposals of the Government of Antigua to Modernise Its Sugar Industry. Bridgetown, Barbados, 1972. [BDD]

846. ------Commission of Inquiry in Antigua. "Report of the Sugar Industry and Agriculture in Antigua." Mimeographed. London, Janu­ ary 1966.

847. VIDAEUS, Lars. An Inventory of the Antigua Fishing Industry. Bridge­ town, Barbados: UNDP, 1970. [BDD]

848. WALKER, P.T.; WALLER, J.M.; and EVANS, A.A.F. The Insect Pests, Plant Diseases and Nematodes of Crops in Antigua. London: Ministry of Overseas Development, 1974. Pp. 41.

"This survey assesses the agricultural importance of various pests and diseases, and evaluates existing control measures. General infor­ mation is presented on insect pests, diseases and nematodes of some 30 crops, either previously recorded and/or collected during the course of the survey. They are listed under the individual crops and suggestions for their control are given. General conclusions reached and recommendations for future action are given for each pathogenic group" [A.T.A., Sepuember 1975]. 95

849. WALTER, Regonald H. Action and Consequence in Antiguan Agriculture. St. John's: Caribbean-American Research Institute, 1974. [CDB]

850 - .----Antiguan Agriculture at the Half-Way Mark. St. John's: Caribbean- American Research Institute, 1973. [CDB]

851. WHITE, Michael G. et al. "Case Study Report on an Integrated Production and Marketing System for the Antigua Agricultural Sector." Commissioned by the Executive Committee of the Caribbean Agro-Economic Society. Proceedings, WIAEC, 12th (1977):29-113, with Critiques and Discussion, pp. 115-120.

Part I describes the economy and the role played by agriculture. Part II discusses the various agencies serving agriculture. Part III uses a systems approach and outlines a behavioral model to illustrate the interactions between production and marketing.

852. WILLIAMS, Richard J. "Antigua: A Rainfall/Runoff Study." D.Phil. Dissertation, University of Oxford, 1975.

See also References No. 31, 34, 90, 134, 164, 187, 294, 421, 548, 609, 631, 649, 707, 711. 96

B,,RBADOS

853. AHMAD, N. "Soils of Barbados." Proceedings, CFCS, llth (1973):91-111.

854. ---- ; DAVIS, C.E.; and JONES, Robert L. "Ammonium Fixation and Its Effect on Mineralogical Properties of West Indian Clay Soils." Tropical Agri­ culture (Trinidad) 49 (October 1972):347-353.

"The NH -fixation properties of twelve West Indian soil clays representing six diverse soil types from Trinidad and Barbados were studied. The data indicate that the clays have high native NH contents--due most likely to prolonged use of nitrogenous fertilizers and some mineralization. All clays fixed NH4 in amounts ranging from 1.06 to 9.54 mequiv./100 g. NIh fixation was associated with reductions in surface area and mineralogical changes were evident in some of the samples" [Authors' abstract].

855. ---- , and JONES, Robert L. "Forms of Occurence of Inorganic Phosphorus and Its Chemical Availability in the Limestone Soils of Barbados." Proceedings of the Soil Science Society of America 31 (March-April 1967) :184-188.

856. and ---. "Genesis,-Chemical Properties and Mineralogy of Lime­ stone Derived Soils, Barbados, W.I." Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad) 46 (January 1969):1-15.

All soils examined were alkaline and had varying amounts of free car­ bonate. The mineral content was generally low.

857. ALAM, Muhammad Munir. Endemic and Exotic Natural Enemies of the Pests of Sweet Potato in Barbados, West Indies. Bulletin No. 3. Bridgetown, Barbados: Ministry of Agriculture, July 1976. Pp. 21.

858. "The Establishment of Anagyrus Saccharicola Timb. Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae in Barbados, West Indies, against the Sugarcane Mealybug, Saccharicoccus Sacchari (Ckll.) (Hemiptera: Coccidae)." Entomophaga 17 (1972):357-363. [NAL: 421 EN835; CARDI]

859. ----. Parasites of Utethiesa spp. (Arctiidae: Lepidoptera) in Barbados with Notes on the Immature Stages and Biology of Telenomus sp. (Scelionidae: Hymenoptera). Bulletin No. 1. Bridgetown, Barbados: Ministry of Agriculture, January 1971. Pp. 14. [CARDI]

860. . "Recent Outbreak of Sugarcane Root Borer and White Grubs in Bar­ bados." Mimeographed Report. Bridgetown, Barbados: Ministry of Agriculture, 1976? Pp. 13. [CARDI] 97

861. ---­ ; BENNETT, Fred D.: and CARL, K.P. "Biological Control of Diatraea saccharlis (F.) in Barbados by Apanteles flavipes Cam. and Lixophage diatraea T.T." Entomophaga 16 (1971):151-158. [NAL: 421 EN835]

862. and HUDSON, J.C. "Fluctuations in the Population of Diatraea sacharalis (F.) in Barbados: Results of Light Trapping." Proceedings, WIST Meeting (1969):193-198. [ISER]

863. ALDWORTH, P. Barbados Weights and Measures, 1962. [Port-of-Spain, Trinidad: Federal House, 1962]. [ISER]

864. ALLEYNE, Frank. "The Expansion of Tourism and Its Concomitant Unrealised Potential for Agricultural Development in the Barbadian Economy." Proceedings, WIAEC, 9th (1974):143-152.

"The absolute increments in the tourist sector demand for food accom­ panied by the relatively high income elasticities of most of the foods consumed together show that the agicultural potential of the tourist demand for food is relatively high. A strong case is therefore made for shifting resourc:es into the production of these high income elas­ ticity commodities, mainly because the demand will grow more rapidly than for other lower income elasticity goods as welfare level rises and their prices are likely to rise more rapidly" [CAB/ABS: 530726]

865. ARMSTRONG, W.E.; DANIEL, S.; and FRANCIS, A.A. "A Structural Analysis of the Barbados Economy, 1968, with an Application to the Tourist Industry." Social and Economic Studies 23 (December 1974):493-520.

The authors employ a 13x13 input-output matrix to examine inter­ industry relationships. The agricultural sector accounts for 2 of the 13 industries, with sugarcane separated from other agricultural production.

866. BADCOCK, W.J. "The Problems Relative to Soil Conservation in the Scot­ land District." Journal of the Barbados Museum and Historical Society 27 (August 1960):126-129.

867. BAIR, Roslyn Annette. The Barbados Fishing Industry. Montreal: Depart­ ment of Geography, McGill University, 1962. [ISER] 868. . "The Development and Economic Importance of a Fishing Industry in the Tropics." M.A. Thesis, McGill University, Montreal, 1962. Pp. 86.

869. Barbados. Agricultural Census 1971. Unpublished data.

870. ----- Agricuj.tural Development Plan, 1969-72. Bridgetown, 1969?.

871. ----- Barbados Household Food Consumption Survey. Bridgetown, 1966.

872. ----- Development Plan 1960-1965. [Bridgetown, 1960?]. Pp. 88. [ISER; U.S. Dept. State: HC157 B25 A31] 98

873. ----. Development Plan 1965-68. [Bridgetown, 1965]. [ISER]

874. ----- Development Plan 1969-1972. Bridgetown, 1969. [ISER]

875. ----. Development Plan 1973-77. Bridgetown, n.d. [USAID/'3

876. ----- Economic Survey. (Annual.) [NAL: HC151 B3 A3]

Describes the performance of the economy during the previous year and presents numerous statistical tables, some of them showing trends over periods of up to 10 years or more.

877. ----- Central Bank. Annual Report.

878. ----- Commission of Enquiry into the Barbados Sugar Industry, 1962-63. Report. Prepared by Rawle FARLEY, Max B. IFILL , and J.C. BROWN. Bridgetown, 1964. Pp. 88. [BDD; ISER]

879 - .----Department of Science and Agriculture. New Recommendations for the Manuring of Sugar Cane. New Series Pamphlet No. 23. Bridgetown, 1967. [ISER]

880. ----. Ministry of Agriculture. Agricultural Newsletter. Bridgetown, irregular. [NAL: S183 B28 B32]

A short farmers' bulletin published every 2-3 months.

881 ------. "A Brief Note on 'Internal Spotting' Disease of White Lisbon Yams." Bridgetown, 1965. [BDD]

882 ------. Broiler Production: An Investment Study. Bridgetown, [?].

883. ------Diseases of Food Crops in Barbados: Their Identification and Control. Bulletin No. 2. Bridgetown, 1977. Pp. 24. [CARDI]

884 ------Food Processing Opportunities for Barbados. Bridgetown, 1977. [USAID/B]

Examines food production and import patterns, identifying opportunities for import substitution and employment generation through storage and processing of local foods.

885 ------Nitrogen Fertilizer Trials on Sugar Cane, 1960-1963. Bulletin No. 36. Bridgetown, 1963. [B. Min. Ag.]

886. ------Proposal for the Establishment of a Food Research Unit [Bridgetown, Barbados], 29 January 1976. Pp. 15 + Appendices [AID/ W: LAC/DR/RD]

887. ----.----. Vegetable Crop Recommendations. Bridgetown, annual. [BDD]

888 - .----National Nutrition Committee. The National Food and Nutrition Survey of Barbados. Washington, D.C.: PAHO, 1972. [ISER] 99

889. "Barbados." West Indies Chronicle 90 (July-August 1977):17ff.

A 14-page economic survey.

890. "The Barbados Agricultural Society." Barbados Sugar Industry Review, No. 23 (March 1975):14-16.

891. Barbados Development Bank. Annual Report.

892. "Barbados Fancy Molasses Production and Export." Barbados Sugar Industr Review, No. 24 (June 1975):17-19.

893. Barbados Institute of Management and Productivity. Research Section. The Exports of Rum from Barbados, 1964-1974. [Wildey, St. Michael], 1975. [ISER]

894. Barbados Marketing Corporation. Acceptable Grades for Crops. Bridge­ town, 1968.

895. Barbados Statistical Services. Annual Overseas Trade.

896. ----- Labour Force Survey, April 1966. [Bridgetown], 1967. [ISER]

897 - .---- Monthly Digest of Statistics.

898. ----. National Income and Product . . . 1960-62 with Provisional Estimates for 1963 and 1964. Bridgetown, 1966. [BDD]

899. ----. A New Index of Retail Prices: Method of Construction and Compu­ tation (October 1965=100). [Bridgetown, 1966?] [ISER]

900. Barbados Sugar Industry Agricultural Bank. Report and Accounts. Bridge­ town, annual. [CDB]

901. Barbados Sugar Producers' Association. Annual Report. [BDD]

902. ----. Notes on Nutgrass Control. Edgehill, 1973. [BDD]

903. ----. Notes on the Barbados Sugar Industry. Bridgetown, 1973. [BDD]

904. ----- Sugar: Some Facts About an Industry Which Has Been the Mainstay of Our Economy for over 300 Years. [Bridgetown, Barbados], 1967. [UWI]

905. "Barbados Workers' Union Agreements, 1974-1975." Barbados Sugar Industry Review, No. 21 (September 1974):2-8.

906. Barclay's Bank, D.C. & 0. Barbados: An Economic Survey. London, 1965. [BDD]

907. BEER, A.G.de. "Field Trials in Barbados: Preview on Performance of McConnel's Stage II of Harvesting System." South African Sugar Journal 59 (July 1975):299. [NAL: 65.8 S08] 100

"Critical remarks and suggestions for improvement of a tractor-rawn machine which gathers and lifts cut sugar-cane stalks, breaks off the tops, and collects the topped stalks in a bin at the back of the machine. The machine is to be used in conjunction with the so-calleJ. stage I machine, which untangles recumbent cane, pushes it forward, and cuts it off at its base" [A.T.A., January 1976].

908. BENNETT, Fred D., and VAN WHERVIN,L.W. "Occurrence of the Citrus Black Fly in Barbados." Journal of the Agricultural Society of Trinidad and Tobago 66 (March 1966):31-34.

909. BETHEL, Jeanette. "A National Accounts Study of the ." Social and Economic Studies 9 (June 1960):123-252.

Provides detailed national accounts data for 1954-57 and discusses economic trends during that period. Also evaluates the 1955-60 development plan and provides data on intra-regional trade.

910. BIGGS, H.C. Report on Visits to Barbados during 1959 and 1960 to Advise on Marketing in Barbados. Bridgetown: Barbados Government Printing Office, 1961, PP. 39. [BDD]

911. BONNETT, R.L. "The National Income and National Accounts of Barbados." Social and Economic Studies 5 (September 1958):213-260.

Provides detailed national accounts data for 1949 through 1953 and discusses macroeconomic trends during this period.

912. BRACK, David Melville. "Peasant Agriculture in Barbados: A Case Study of a Rural System." M.A. Thesis, McGill University, Montreal, 1964. Pp. 172.

913. BRAITHWAITE, R.A.I. Cropping Recommendations for Barbados. St.Augustine, Trinidad: CARDI, n.d. Pp. 9. [CARDI]

Recommendations are provided, by soil association, for sugarcane, food crops, vegetables, fruit trees, pastures, and woodlands.

914. BRATHWAITE, Attlee H. The Poultry Industry in Barbados in 1968: An Economic Survey. Bridgetown, Barbados: Ministry of Agriculture, 1968. Pp. 31. [CARDII

915. ----; MAYERS, John M.; and QUIOGUE, Elena S. "Projected Demand on Nutritional Requirement of a People with Special Reference to Barbados." Paper presented at a Seminar on Nutrition and National Development of Barbados. Bridgetown, 1973. [ISER]

916. ---- , and NURSE, J.O.J. "Marketing of Food Crops in the Agricultural Diversification Programme in Barbados." Proceedings, WIAEC, 6th (1971) :86-109.

917. BRATHWAITE, C.W.D. "Plant Parasitic Diseases Associated with Sugarcane in Barbados." Plant Disease Reporter 60 (April 1976):294-295. [NAL: 1.9 P69P] 101

918. BYNOE, A. et al. Loaders for Barbados. Bridgetown, Barbados: Barbados Sugar Producers' Association and Ministry of Agriculture, Science and Technology, 1970.

919. BYRNE, Joycelin. "A Note on the 1970 Population Census of Barbados." Social and Economic Studies 20 (December 1971):4 31-44O.

This paper attempts to assess the reliability of the 1970 census data, which show a total population significantly below what had been esti­ mated. Preliminary findings suggest "no irregularity in the 1970 findings, though it is thought that there may be some weaknesses in the migration statistics."

920. "Cane and the Smallholder." Barbados Sugar Industry Review, No. 22 (December 1974):1-2.

921. "Cane Fires, 1972." Barbados Sugar Industry Review, No. 17 (September 1973) :17-23.

922. "Cane Fires, 1973." Barbados Sugar Industry Review, No. 17 (September 1973) :11-13.

923. "Cane Fires and Their Performance in 1974." Barbados Sugar Industry Review, No. 22 (December 1974):6-7.

924. Caribbean Food and Nutrition Institute. Food Consumption--Household and Vulnerable Groups, Barbados. St. Augustine, Trinidad, 1969. [CDB]

925. CARSON, M.A., and TAM, S.W. "Land Conservation Conundrum of Eastern Barbados." Annals of the Association of American Gecgraphers 67 (June 1977) :185-203.

"Man-made changes have produced a severe land erosion problem in a small, cultivated drainage basin in eastern Barbados [Scotland District]. The bedrock throughout most cf the area is a stiff, over-consolidated mud. Symptoms of accelerated erosion include channel incision, stream capture, gullying., and extensive mass-movement. The underlying cause of this problem is increased magnitude and frequency of flood runoff following removal of the protective natural forest cover. Present 'conservation' practices aim at reducing infiltration on slopes and thereby accentuate flood runoff amounts and rates" [Authors' abstract].

926. CAVE, J.M. "The Compulsory Planting of Food Crops on Sugar Estates in Barbados." Proceedings, CFCS, 2nd (1964):42-43.

927. ----, and HALCROW, M. Peasant Agriculture in Barbados. Bridgetown: Department of Science and Agriculture, 1947. [ISER]

928. CHASE, Kenneth. Nitrogen Fertilizer Trials on Sugar Cane, 1969-1971. Bulletin No. 54. Bridgetown, Barbados: Ministry of Agriculture, 1972. [B. Min. Ag.] 102

929. ----, and EAVIS, Brian W. Preliminary Experimental Work on Foliar Applications of Macro and Micro Nutrients to Sugar Cane. Bridgetown, Barbados: Ministry of Agriculture, Science & Technology, 1973. [B. Min. Ag.]

930. ---- , and .... Studies of the Effects of Burning Sugar Cane: Part I--Preliminary Report on the Effects of Mulch on Sugar Cane Yields. Bulletin No. 53. Bridgetown, Barbados: Ministry of Agriculture, Science and Technology, 1972. [ISER]

931. CLARKE, Michael. Cane Variety Testing and Selection in Barbados. Barbados: Sugar Variety Testing Station, 1976. [B. Min. Ag.] Also in Bulletin No. 3, Group of Latin-American and Caribbean Sugar Expor­ ting Countries (July-September 1977). [CARDI]

932. CORNFORTH, I.S.; WALMSLEY, D.; and AHMAD, N. Methods of Estimating Available Nutrients in Barbados Soils. Report No. 13. St. Augustine, Trinidad: Department of Soil Science, UWT, 1969. Pp. 20. [BDD; CARDI]

933. COURSEY, D.G. "Internal Brown Spot--A Condition in Yams in Barbados." Journal of the Agricultural Society of Trinidad and Tobago 67 (1967): 473-482.

Discusses the symptoms, incidence, and possible causes of the disease and makes recommendations for additional research and control measures.

934. COX, W.A. "Agricultural Credit in Barbados." Quarterly Report 4 (June 1977).

935. CRONEY, C.R.D., and CUMBERBATCH, E.R.St.J. "Estimates of Increase in Revenue from the Scotland District, brought about by Implementation of Soil Conservation Reclamation Plan." Bridgetown, Barbados: Ministry of Agriculture, 1965.

936. CROPPER, John. "The Barbados Dairy Industry: An Attempt at Diversifi­ cation and Import Substitution." Proceedings, WIAEC, 4th (1969):71-77.

"The high returns per acre from dairying make this enterprise an attractive one for the farmer. However, the [negative] effect of an expanded dairy industry on the balance of payments, on the cost of milk to the public and on employment, must raise the questior whether the further development of the dairy industry is in the best interests of the country. And even if marginal cane land is taken out of sugar production due to lack of profitability, thus invalidating the balance of payments consideration: what price increase to the lower income consumer can be justified in order to obtain small import savings?" [CROPPER].

937. "The Barbados Dairy Indust-y: Performance and Potential." M.Sc. Thesis, UWI, St. Augustine, 1975. 103

Despite government efforts since 1965 to reverse the decline in milk production since the 1940s, milk production for sale to the ne-i milk plant has grown slowly. Profitable production is hindered by poor farm­ level management. Even if production were increased significantly, the net effects on employment, income, and the balance of payments would not be great.

938. ----- Agricultural Extension Services in Barbados, West Indies. Bulletin No. 50. Bridgetown, Barbados: Ministry of Agriculture, Lands and Fisheries, September 1968. Pp. 12. [NAL: 8 B23B; ISER]

939..... "An Assessment of the Soil Conservation Scheme, Scotland Dis­ trict, Barbados, 1957-1969." Journal of the Barbados Museum and Historical Society 33 (May 1969):14-24. Also Bulletin No. 53, Ministry of Agriculture, Barbados, December 1970, pp. 11. [USAID/B]

Recommends that an evaluation study, including a benefit-cost analysis, be undertaken immediately. Notes that "since the rate of erosion follows a geometrical progression, it will prove impossible to arrest erosion in the worst areas with present known methods, one or two decades hence."

940. ----. Conservation and Reclamation in the Scotland District, Barbados. Bulletin No. 49. Bridgetown, Barbados: Ministry of Agriculture, 1967. [BDD; ISER]

941. ----. "Soil Conservation in the Scotland District, Barbados." Pro­ ceedings of the First Pan American Soil Conservation Congress, So Paulo, Brazil, 1966. Pp. 155-160.

942. "Soil Properties and the Effect of Organic Mulches on Reclamation of Szotland Clays, Barbados." Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad) 46 (January 1969) :17-24.

"Reformed clays in the Scotland District, Barbados, are generally saline, sodic and frequently oil impregnated. Partial reclamation as indicated by growth and production of sugar-cane was obtained using mulches consisting of dried grass and cane trash... Sour grass hiulch was the most effective and economical of the mulches tried" [CDMBERBATCH].

943. ----. "Some Aspects of Land Reclamation, Using Sugar Cane on a Reworked Scotland Sand, Barbados." In Proceedings of the 1966 BWIST Meeting. Pp. 115-118. Also printed as Bulletin No. 48, Ministry of Agriculture, Bridgetown, Barbados, 1967. [BDD]

944. . "Tour of the Scotland District of Barbados." Proceedings, CFCS, 2nd (1964) :126-128.

945. CUMPER, George E. "Employment in Barbados." Social and Economic Studies 8 (June 1959):105-146. 104

Results of a survey conducted by the author in 1955, the results of which, with recommendations, were submitted to the Government of Bar­ bados in 1956. The author found that employment of men was roughly the same in 1955 as in 1956, while that of women had declined. Output and productivity increased. Considerable attention is given to the issues of unemployment and emigration.

946. "Household and Occupation in Barbados." Social and Economic Studies 10 (December 1961):386-419.

Based on the author's 1955 employment survey for the Government of Barbados, this study examines the characteristics of a random sample of 1,294 households. Households are disaggregated into 8 occupational groups, including peasants, renters, and landless laborers.

947. DION, H.G. "Sugarcane Beef in Barbados." Rural Life (UK) 18 (1973): 9-12. [BDD]

Discusses plans for a 1,000-head feed lot based on sugarcane pith.

948. EAVIS, Brian W. "Direct Seeding of Vegetable Crops under Tropical Condi­ tions in Barbados." Proceedings, CFCS, 10th (1972):27-37.

949. ----. "Effects of Flooding on Sugarcane Growth: 2. Benefits during Subsequent Drought." Proceedings of the International Society of Sugar Cane Technolngists, 14th (1971):715-721. [NAL: 65.9 iN841

950. "The Role of the Soil in the Utilisation of Rainfall by Sugar Cane in Barbados." Proceedings of the Soils Seminar, 1969. [Barbados: RRC, UWI, 1969]. [ISER]

951. ---- , and CHASE, Kenneth. "Trash Mulch and Sugar Cane Yields in Barbados." Proceedings, WIST Meeting (1973):147-157.

952. ---- , and CRONEY, C.R.D. "Field Experiments in Barbados on Sub-Surface ." Drainage Using The Trenchless Installation Principle [Barbados] Proceedings, WIST Meeting (1969):76-87.

953. ---- , and CUMBERBATCH, E.R. St.J. "Sugar Cane Growth in Response to Mulch and Fertilizer on Saline-Alkali Subsoils." Agronomy Journal (USA) 69 (September 1977):839-842.

"The experiments showed that growth and response to fertilizers on saline-alkaline soils depends on the soil physical environment. Mulching combined with adequate fertilizer application appeared to be a satisfactory reclamation procedure for these soils in the semi­ arid tropics" [A.T.A., March 1978].

954. ---- ; ---- ; and MEDFORD, D.L. "Factors Influencing Regeneration of Natural Vegetation of Reformed Scotland District Soils of Barbados." Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad) 51 (April 197h):293-303. 105

The authors study chemical and physical factors limiting regeneration of natural vo-etation on lands reshaped 6 years earlier.

955. ----, and JEFFERS, W. de Courcey. "Onions--From a Possibility to a Reality in Barbadcs." Proceedings, CFCS, 7th (1969):182-203.

956. ---- et al. The Profitability of Vegetable Growing in Barbados. Bridge­ town, Barbados: Ministry of Agriculture, 1970.

957. EDMUNDS, J.E. "Report on a Visit to Barbados to Investigate the Role of Nematodes in the Rotting of Yams." St. Augustine, Trinidad: UWI, 1966. [BDD]

958. ELWIN, J.H. "Effect of Phosphate Fertilizers on Cane Phosphorus and Sugar Cane Response in Calcerous Soils of Barbados." Ph.D. Dissertation, UWI, St. Augustine, Trinidad, 1967.

959. "Farm Mechanisation and Employment." Barbados Sugar Industry Review, No. 22 (December 1974):4-6.

960. Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations; and Inter- American Development Bank. Report of Agricultural Deversification Progrems in Barbados. Report No. 4.72. Washington, D.C.: IDB, 1972. [CDBJ

961. FRANCIS, Gloria E. "A Note on the Agricultural Marketing Protocol and Vegetable Production in Barbados Since 1968." Proceedings, WIAEC, 8th (1973):84-94.

Progress in diversification is attributed more to pre-AMP diversifi­ cation efforts than to the AMP, though the latter is judged to have been an important factor contributing to increased onion and carrot production in Barbados. Because of seasonal gluts in the region, extra-regional marketing efforts are recommended for the short run. For the long run, the author recommends the establisn'ent of processing and/or canning facilities.

962. ----. "'Price Trends in Barbados, 1968-1973." In Inflation in the Caribbean, ed. Compton BOURNE. Mona, Jamaica: ISER, UWI, 1977. Pp. 118-131.

Examines the effect of import prices on domestic prices. Notes that domestic food prices increased faster than those of any other category. Argues that "with prices negotiated and fixed over time, real export income tends to fall during periods of rapid price increases."

963. GOODING, E.C.B. The Cost of Milk Production in Barbados using Irrigated Panla Grass Pastures. Bridgetown: Barbados Sugar Producers' Association, 1965. [BDD]

964. "Crop Diversification in Barbados." World Crops 20 (January/ February 1968):34-39. Also in Journal of the Agricultural Society of Trinidad and Tobago 68 (March 1968):29-43. lO6

The author argues that, at best, food imports might be reduced by i2-3 million annually from the existing level of £6 million.

965. ----. "Diversification of Agriculture in Barbados." In Protein Foods for the Caribbean. Kingston, Jamaica: Caribbean Food and Nutrition Institute, 1968.

966. "Effects of Fertilizing and Other Factors on Yams in Barbados." Experimental Agriculture 7 (October 1971):315-319. [NAL: 10 EX72]

967 - .---- Integrating Food Crops with Mechanically Managed Sugar Cane. Bridgetown, Barbados, 1969. [CDB]

968. . "Pork Production Costs in Barbados." Based on Costs at Greenland Estate. Unpublished data, 1969-70.

969. ----. "Preliminary Note on Crowing Irish Potatoes in Barbados." Bridge­ town: Barbados Sugar Producers' Association, 1966. [BDD]

970. ----. "Preliminary Note on Peanuts." Bridgetown: Barbados Sugar Pro­ ducers' Association, 1965. [BDD]

971. ----. "The Processing of Yam Flakes in Barbados." Proceedings, CFCS, 10th (1972):85-87.

972. "The Production of Instant Yam in ,3arbados--Part I: Process and Development." Tropical Science 14 (1972):323-333. Also in Journal of the Agricultural Society of Trinidad and Tobago 73 (June 1973):224-239.

Describes the procedures developed for dehydrating yam as "instant flakes." The author maintains that the product, prepared in laboratory facilities, was of good eating quality and had good storage character­ istics. Preliminary cost calculations suggest that instant yams can be sold more cheaply abroad than the equivalent quantity of fresh yam, but he warns that figures based on laboratory conditions may not be reliable.

973. ----. "The Production of Yams in Barbados." In Proceedings of the Inter­ national Symposium on Tropical Root and Tuber Crops, 2nd (1970), Vol. I. Pp. 97-99.

Notes that Barbados is almost unique in cultivating yams on a plantation scale. Discusses varieties used, methods of cultivation, yields, and response fertilizer.

974. "Progress of Agricultural Diversification in Barbados." World Crops 23 (July/August 1971):186-189. Also in Journal of the Agricul­ tural Society of Trinidad and Tobago 72 (March 1972):87-95. [NAL: 8 T73]

The author concludes that changes in the direction of diversification have not been dramatic. Sugar, it is believed, will continue to be the main export crop, and cotton production might be expanded. Vegetable production has increased, and small quantities of onions and carrots 107

are exported. Research and extension, it is said, have both played an important role in diversification. Because of the rapid increase in consumption, the food import bill has not decreased.

975. "Root Crops in Barbados." Proceedings, WIAEC, 4th (1969):85-90.

Locally grown rootcrops are said to account ofr about 85% of local consumption. Farm gate prices are relatively low (4-5 Barbadian cents per pound), but returns per acre are said to be "quite reasonable." Since the internal market is static (or even declining because of competition from imported white potatoes), future expansion of the industry will require the development of export markets for raw and processed products.

976. "Root Crops in the Barbadian Economy." In The Economics of Tropical Root Crops, ed. Kenneth A. LESLIE. St. Augustine, Trinidad: DAEFM, UWI, 1968. Pp. 110-124. Also published separately by the Barbados Suga- Producers' Association, 1968. [BDD]

977. ----. "Vegetable Production and Marketing in Barbados." Unpublished papers, 1969-70.

978. ---- , and HOAD, R.M. "Field Experiments on Yams in Barbados, 1965-66." Proceedings, CFCS, 4th (1966):127-133.

979 ----- and .... "Improving Corn Yields in Barbados." Proceedings, CFCS, 6th (1968):104-108.

980. GREENE, Brook A. Farm Management Analysis and Information from a Sample of Poultry Producers, Barbados, 1976. Bridgetown, Barbados: UNDP-FAO, 1976. [CDB]

981. GREENFIELD, Sidney M. "Land Tenure and Transmission in Rural Barbados." Anthropological Quarterly 33 (October 1960):165-176.

The author describes a traditional system of land tenure similar to the family land concept in Jamaica and Carriacou. He traces its origins to English common law and notes that it is in "complete harmony" with existing law. Family land "is believed to be inalienable and to belong to all members of the family." Notes that most farmers do not have titles to their landholdings.

982. ----. "Stocks, Bonds, and Peasant Canes in Barbados: Some Notes on the Use of Land in an Over-Developed Economy." In Explorations in Social Change, ed. G.K. ZOLLSCHAN and W. HIRSCH. London: Routledge and K. Paul, 1964. Pp. 619-650. [ISER; GWU: HMIOI Z6]

Argues that "the tradition of sugar-cane farming that developed on the island is retained because it is an apparently satisfactory solution to the demands of the local situation."

983. HALCROW, M., and CAVE, J.M. Peasant Agriculture in Barbados. Bulletin No. 11. Bridgetown: Department of Science and Agriculture, 1947. Pp. 37. [U.S. Dept. State: HD1855.7 B37 H3] 108

984. HANDLER, Jerone S. "The History of Arrowroot Production in Barbados and the Chalky Mount Arrowroot Growers Association: A Peasant Marketing Experiment that Failed." Journal of the Barbados Museum and Historical Society 31 (November 1965):131-152.

985. ----. "Land Exploitative Activities and Economic Patterns in a Barbados Village." Ph.D. Dissertation, Brandeis University, Waltham, Mass., 1965. Pp. 355. [DAI 26 (December 1965):2974; Order No. 65-14,422]

Discusses the phenomemon of "occupational pluralitj"--the tendency for individuals to be engaged simultaneously in a variety of cash-producing economic activities, both farm and nonfarm--in the village of Chalky Mount. In addition, the study "focuses on the kinds of social relation­ ships villagers form in the pursuance of economic activities related to land exploitation, end upon the ways in which villagers combine their land-based and other economic activities in order to meet their cash and subsistence needs" [DAI].

986. "Small Scale Sugar Cane Farming in Barbados." Journal of the Barbados Museum and Historical Society 32, No. 2 (1967):77-100. Also in Ethnology 5 (July 1966):264-283.

Reports that sugarcane production is the dominant activity on small farms. The desire for cash income is strong, and additional economic activity is the norm. Also, half the small farmers in the village of Chalky Mount supplement their income from sugar by renting cane land to others; 41% of the local sugar acreage is rented. "Farmers gener­ ally feel that, even under optimal geographical conditions, food crops could not provide the kinds of monetary return that cane does on their limited holdings" [which in Chalky Mount averaged 1.2 acres]. Most labor is hired; both labor-exchange arrangements and non-pecuniary communal labor are uncommon.

987. ----. "Some Aspects of Work Organisation on Sugar Plantations in Barbados." Journal of the Barbados Museum and Historical Society 31, No. 2 (1965): 78-103. Also in Ethnology 4 (January 1965):16-38.

Based on a study of small-scale plantations in the Scotland District, this article emphasizes "the organization of work activities and the statuses which workers fill as they perform these activities." Notes that "females continue to play a vital role in plantation operations, which is sustained by the customary sexual division of labor in field jobs, a double standard in wage rates, and ecological conditions which favor the use of females as headers." Plantation workers typically have several other sources of income.

988. HARRISON, B.D., and ROBERTS, I.M. "Association of Virus-Like Particles with internal Brown Spot of Yam (Dioscorea alata)." Tropical Agri­ culture (Trinidad) 50 (October 1973):335-340.

Based on research conducted in the U.K. on White Lisbon tubers imported from Barbados. Infection with a bacilliform virus appeared to be a ( prerequisite for the development of internal brown spot, which has caused some consignments to be rejected. 109

989. HARVEY, W.0'N., and JEFFERS, J.P.W. "Attempts at Mechanical Harvesting of Root Crops in Barbados." Proceedings, CFCS, llth (1973): 259-264.

990. HEADLEY, Wynter. "'Internal Spotting' of Yams, 1966-67." Bridgetown, Barbados: Ministry of Agriculture and Labour, 1967. (BDD]

991. HENSHALL, Janet D. "The Demographic Factor in the Structure of Agri­ culture in Barbados." Transactions of the Institute of British Geog­ raphers 38 (1966):183-195.

992. "Farmers of 'Little England'." Geographical Magazine (London) 40 (September 1967):399-406.

A brief review of farming in Barbados.

993. "The Spatial Structure of Barbadian Peasant Agriculture." M.A. Thesis, McGill University, Montreal, 1964.

Notes that only about 14% (2,500) of the small farmers in Barbados depend solely on production from their land for their livelihood.

994 ---- , and KING, Leslie, J. "Some Characteristics of Peasant Agriculture in Barbados." Economic Geography 42 (January 1966):74-84.

Notes that no government effort was made to settle agricultural laborers on small peasant properties intil the 1890s. Extension work and other supporting activities did not begin until the 1930s. The present study is based on a random sample of 213 peasant farms. Data from 150 of these farms were subjected to factor analysis in an effort to identify distinctive farm types.

995. HESS, Ernest. Fisheries Development Programme, 1961-1965. Bridgetown; Barbados Government Printing Office, 1962. Pp. 41. [CDB]

996. hLLS, Theo L. "The Poor Man and His Land." New World Quarterly 3 (Dead Season and Croptime 1966-67):110-113.

997. HOLLAND, E.H. Problems of the Dairy Industry in Barbados. N.p.: FAO, 1970. [CDB]

998. HUDSON, J.C. Agricultural Moisture Studies in Barbados. Bulletin No. 34. Barbados: Ministry of Agriculture, 1963.

999 - .---- Agronomic Use of a Soil Survey in Barbados. London, 1965. [BDD]

1000. ----. "Another Harvester?" Proceedings, WIST Meeting, 1969. Pp. 153-155..

1001. ----. "The Availability of Soil Water with Reference to Studies with Sugar Cane Growing in Clay Soils in Barbados." Ph.D. Dissertation, UWI, St. Augustine, 1968.

1002. "Available Soil Water and Sugarcane Growth and Transpiration." Proceedings of the International Society of Sugar Cane Technologists, 13th (1968):484-498. [NAL: 65.9 IN84] 110

"The available-water storage capacity of Barbados soils, and the relation between growth rates and soil-water deficit were determined by growing sugarcane in large weighable soil profile monoliths taken from the field in 4 4 -gallon oil drums" (Author's abstract].

1003. ----. "The Available-Water Capacity of Barbados Soils." Experimental Agriculture 5 (1969):167-182.

1004. . "The BSPA [Barbados Sugar Producers' Association] Cane Cutter." In Proceedings of the International Society of Sugar Cane Technologists, 15th (1974):1096-1105. [NAL: 65.9 IN84]

Discusses the developemnt of a simple, tractor-mounted machine to cut and top unburned cane. Notes that "there has been a rapid decline in the numbers of workers willing, or able, to cut cane in Barbados."

1005. ----. Burning and Sugar Production in Barbados. [Warrens, Barbados: Barbados Sugar Producers' Association, 1968]. [Public Library, Bridgetown]

1006. ----. Ecological Grouping of Barbados' Sugar Estates. [Warrens, Barbados: Barbados Sugar Producers' Association, 1970]. [Public Library, Bridgetown]

1007. "Evaporation, Transpiration, Soil Moisture Deficit and Cane Growth in Barbados." Proceedings, BWIST Meeting, 1966. Pp. 134-144. [BDD]

1008. . "Fire, Water and Sugar Production in Barbados." Proceedings, WIST Meeting, 1973. Pp. 139-146.

1009. . "Fire, Water and Sugar Production in Recent Years." Barbados Sugar Industry Review, No. 14 (December 1972):5-14.

1010. . "The Future of the Sugar Industry in Barbados." Proceedings, WIAEC , 4th (1969):67-70.

The author regards the long-term prospects of sugar as good despite current problems, consisting mainly of "a rapidly declining labour force (especially for harvesting) and costs of production which are rising faster that the income from the product; the main source of increasing costs is wages. A third problem has manifested itself in the last two years--malicious or unintentional cane fires."

1011. Green Cane Harvesting by Machine. [Edgehill, St. Thomas, Barbados]: Barbados Sugar Producers' Research Unit, 1975. [STRU]

1012. ----- The Importance of Photosynthetic Tissue in the Growth of Sugar Cane on Heavy Clay Soils in Barbados. Bulletin No 37. [Bridgetown, Barbados: Ministry of Agriculture, Lands & Fisheries], 1963. [ISER]

1013. ----- An Interim Report [on Irrigation]. Bulletin No. 38. Bridgetown, Barbados: Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, 1963. [BDD] l1l

1014. ----. "Mechanical Planting of Cane in the Dry Season in Barbados." Proceedings, WIST Meeting (1969):178-179. [BDD]

1015. ----. "Meteorology and Agriculture in Barbados." A Paper Prepared for the Regional Seminar on Agricultural Meterology, November 1970. .Edgehill, Barbados, 1970. [BDD]

1016 - .---- The Moisture Use of Sugar Cane with Special Reference to Recent Work in Barbados. New Series Bulletin No. 40. Bridgetown, Barbados: Ministry of Agriculture, Lands & Fisheries, 1964. [ISER]

1017. "ANew Loader." Barbados Sugar Industry Review, No. 20 (September 1974):6-8.

1018. "The Nutrient Balance of Barbados." Proceedings, WIST Meeting (1966):172-175.

1019 ----.- Report to B.S.P.A. Agronomy Committee on BSPA/McConnell Cane Cutter, 1973 Crop. Edgehill, Barbados, 1973. (BDD]

1020. ----. Some Meteorological Observations on Barbados. Bulletin No. 33. Bridgetown, Barbados: Ministry of Agriuclture, Lands and Fisheries, 1963.

1021. ----. "Sugar Cane Root Systemsin Barbados." Proceedings, BWISA Meeting, 1966. [Bridgetown, Barbados: WISA, 1966]. Pp. 145-152.

1022. ----. Sugar Cane Root Systems in Relation to Soils, Cultivations and Moisture Supply. Bulletin No. 39. Bridgetown, Barbados: Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, 1964. [ISER]

1023. "Use of Large Soil Monoliths in the Study of Soil/Plant Relation­ ships." Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad) 51 (April 1974):304-312.

The author summarizes work in Barbados using the oil drum monolith "to assess (a) available water capacity; (b) field capacity; (c) the effect of soils and cultivation on root growth; (d) drainage; (e) nutrient availability and loss; and (f) erosion hazards" (Author's abstract].

1024. ----; BOYCOTT, C.A.; and SCOTT, D.A. "Sugarcane Harvesting--A New Method." South African Sugar Journal 59 (September 1975):457-465.

Preliminary testing of a mechanical, green-cane harvesting machine system shows promising results.

1025. and CADDGAN, A.C. "Sugar Cane Nutrition: The Results of Juice and Soils Analysis Carried Out at Edgehill, 1964-1967." Proceedings, Soils Seminar, 1969. [Barbados: Regional Research Centre, UWI, 1969]. [ISER]

1026. and JOHNSON, C. "Post-Harvest Treatments in Burnt Fields in Barbados with Special Reference to the Control of Jumping Borer eLasmopalpus lignosellus." Proceedings, WIST Meeting, 1969. Pp. 202-205. [ISER] 112

1027. ---- , and KIRTON, M. "The Assessment of Cane Quality in Barbados: The Analysis of Data Obtained during the Experiment." Proceedings, BWIST Meeting, 1966. Pp. 388-389.

1028. et al. "A New Method of Sugar Cane Harvesting." World Crops, 27, No. 4 (1975):164-169.

1029. HUTSON, L.R. "Observations on the Incidence of Newcastle Disease in Barbados during 1953-1967." Canadian Veterinary Journal 9 (November 1968):245-249.

1030. ----. "A Review of Tuberculin Testing of Cattle in Barbados." Canadian Veterinary Journal 8 (October 1967):228-230.

1031. INTERSENT, K.A. "The Barbados Vegetable Industry: Present Position and Future Prospects." Proceedings, WIAEC, 4th (1969):91-lo4.

The author notes that data on vegetable production and consumption are lacking. At least 1,500 acres on small holdings seem t) have been devoted to vegetable production in 1961. Small holders grow mostly carrots, cabbage, string beans, lettuce, beets, shallots, and other minor vegetables. Most tomatoes are grown on estates. Some prospects are seen for both import substitution and exports.

1032. ---- ; BRATHWAITE, A.H.; and NURSE, J.O.J. Vegetable Production in Barbados: An Economic Survey. Bridgetown: Ministry of Agriculture, 1969. Pp. 141. [BDD; ISER; CARDI]

1033. INNES, Frank C. "Plantation Demise in Barbados: A Study in Spatial Readjustment." A paper presented at the Conference of Latin Americanist Geographers, University of Calgary, 1973. Pp. 16. [LTC]

1034. INNISS, F. O'N. "Agricultural Diversification in Barbados." B.A. Thesis (Geography), UWI, Mona, Jamaica, 1971.

1035. International Development Services, Inc. Analytical Study of the Agri­ cultural Sector of Barbados. Washington, D.C., May 1971. Pp. irreg. [USAID/B]

A comprehensive review of the agricultural sector, including projections through 1970 for crop production, yields, and trade in agricultural products. The final chapter identifies 12 potential projects and dis­ cusses their financial implications. Highest priority is given to staff training, feasibility studies, foreign technical assistance in a variety of fields, and mechanization.

1036. "Is the Plantation System Doomed?" Barbados Sugar Industry Review, No. 8 (June 1971):3-8.

1037. ITON, E.R. "Report on a Visit to Barbados to Investigate Diseases of Yams and Other Crops." St. Augustine, Trinidad: UWI, 1964. [BDD]

1038. IYER, R.P. Report on Agricultural Credit--Barbados. Bridgetown, Barbados, 1971. [CDB] 113

1039. JAMES, L.A. "Comfith in Rations for Livestock." Paper for the CIDA Seminar on Sugarcane as Livestock Feed, Barbados, 30-31 January 1973.

1040. JEFFERS, H. and ITON, L. "The Value of Coconut Meal and Wheat Offal in Rations for Pigs." Paper presented at the Livestock Development Con­ ference, Barbados, January 1968.

1041. JEFFERS, J.P.W. "Mechanization of Yam and Sweet Potato Production in Barbados." Proceedings of the Fourth Symposium of the International Society for Tropical Root Crops, Cali, Colombia, 1-7 August 1976. Ottawa, Canda: International Development Research Centre, 1977. PP. 275-277. [CIDA/BI

"A locally constructed planter and an imported transplanter were used to plant yam and sweet potatoes respectively on a field scale. Har­ vesting was carried out using a locally constructed harvesting-aid and an imported digger-elevator. The digger-elevator was successful in sweet potatoes, but will have to be modified to work on yams.

1042. JEFFERS, W. de Courcey. Principles of Vegetable Production in Barbados. Bulletin No. 47. Bridgetown, Barbados: Ministry of Agriculture, 1967. [BDD]

1043. ----- Report on Sea Islan Cotton Trials in Barbados, 1966-67. Bridge­ town, Barbados: Ministry of Agriculture, 1967. [BDD]

1044. ----. "Tomato and Pepper Production in Barbados." Proceedings, CFCS, 8th (1970):38-41.

1045. ----, and EAVIS, Brian W. "Onion Production in Barbados, 1967 to 1973." Proceedings, CFCS, llth (1973):407-415.

1046. ----, and HEADLEY, Wynter. "The Problem of 'Internal Spotting' of Yams, Dioscorea sp., in Barbados." Proceedings, CFCS, 5th (1967): 99-104. Also published as Bulletin No. 46, Ministry of Agriculture, Barbados, 1967.

1047. JOHNSON, William A. "Background Paper on Water Situation in Barbados." Proceedings, CFCS, llth (1973):138-152.

1048. KERR, H.W. [Report on Mechanisation of the Sugar Industry in Barbados]. (Barbados: Barbados Sugar Producers' Association, 196?]. [ISER]

1049. KHAN, Jamal. Development Administration: Field Research in Barbados. Bridgetown, Barbados: Yoruba Press, 1976. [BDD; CARICOMI

Chapter 8 is concerned with the administration of agricultural develop­ ment programs.

1050. KON, Henry Teck Pong. "Soil Conservation and Future Land Use in the Scotland District, Barbados." M.Sc. Thesis, McGill University, Montreal, 1964. 11~4

1051. KUMAR, V. Major Pests of Vegetable Crops in Barbados and Their Control. Bridgetown, Barbados: Ministry of Agriculture, 1973. Pp. 93+Annexes. [CARDI]

1052. "The Labour Force in the Sugar Industry in 1971." Barbados Sugar Indus­ try Review, No. 10 (December 1971):1-6.

1053. "The Labour Force in the Sugar Industry, 1972-1973." Barbados Sugar Industry Review, No. 21 (September 1974):18.

1054. "The Labour Force in the Sugar Industry, 1974." Barbados Sugar Industry Review, No. 25 (September 1975):1-5.

1055. LAURIE, C.K. A Preliminary Investigation into the Technical and Economic Feasibility of Small Scale Sugar Production. Bridgetown, Barbados, 1976. Pp. 28. [CARDI]

Finds that the high purity juice extracted from comfith can be evaporated directly to a dry, soft, powdered sugar. Very high juice extraction efficiency was said to be unnecessary, since partially extracted comfith ("parex") is suitable as an animal feed component.

1056. LAWAND,T.A. Description and Construction Cost Analysis of a Solar Agri­ cultural Maize Drying System Located at the Bullens Agricultural Station, St. James, Barbados, W.I. St. James, Barbados: Brace Experiment Station, 1966. [BDD]

1057. ----- Solar Driers for Farm Use: Progress Report. Technical Report No. T4. St. James, Barbados: Brace Experiment Station, 1963. [BDD]

1058. LIRIOS, J.F. Rainfall Intensity-Duration-Frequency Maps for Barbados, West Indies. [?]: Caribbean Meteorological Institute, 1971. [BDDJ

1059. --... , and FARNUM, F.C. A Rainfall Study for Barbados, W.I. [?]: Caribbean Meteorological Institute, 1972. [BDD]

Part I has maps of average monthly and annual rainfall, 1937-70. Part II has maps of isopercental values and relative variability of rain­ fall, 1937-70.

1060. LOWENTHAL, David. "The Population of Barbados." Social and Economic Studies 6 (December 1957):445-501.

Describes the historical origins of high population density in Barba­ dos; examines national and regional demographic characteristics; evaluates the limited resource potentialities; and discusses govern­ ment efforts to reduce the population growth rate. Includes a good bibliography.

1061. LUCAS, Robert D. "A Preliminary Report on the Development of Avocado as a Tree Crop and on Factors Affecting Yield in Barbados." Pro­ ceedings, CFCS, llth (1973):460-465. 115

1062. ----. "Some Aspects of Avocado Propagation and Diseases Associated with Nursery Seedlings in Barbados." Proceedings, CFCS, llth (1973):378-388.

1063. MacCOLL, Donald. "Morphological and Physiological Basis of Differences in Quality between Sugarcane Clones." In Proceedings of the Inter­ national Society of Sugarcane Technologists, 14th (1972):179-189. [NAL: 65.9 IN84]

"These investigations in Barbados comprise: 1) a study of the pattern of brix and fibre accumulation in a range of sugar-cane clones in an attempt to establish by measuring density, the extent to which increases in brix and fibre are due to real accumulation or merely due to loss of water and 2) a study of the relationship between leaf size during the period of active growth as a factor determining differences in brix between sugar-cane clones" [A.T.A., January 1976].

1064. "Some Aspects of the Flowering of Sugarcane in Barbados and Its Control in a Breeding Program." Annals of Botany 41 (January 1977):191-207. [NAL: 450 AN7]

1065. McGill University. Tropical Research Laboratory. Climatic Observations. Nos. 1-21. Waterford, Barbados, March 1957-April 1966. [New series begins March 1968]

Provides data on temperature, rainfall, etc.

1066. MacKENZIE, Alasdair F. Report of an Inquiry into the Sugar Ine-Istry of Barbados. [?], 1960.

1067. MAKIESKY-BARROW, Susan R. "Class, Cultures, and Politics in a Barbadian Community." Ph.D. Dissertation, Brandeis University, 1976. Pp. 294. [DAI 37 (November 1976):2997-2998-A; Order No. 76-25,314.]

"Recent changes in political economy--particularly a lessening of economic dependence on sugar production and a movement of workers out of plantation employment--are shown to have affected community patterns of politics and protest by providing workers-the greater Dersonal autonomy needed to challenge traditional modes of political and cul­ tural accomodation, but also by creating a more diversified and atomized working population that is less able to engage in collective protest action" [DAII.

1068. MANDEVILLE, R.G.F. A Brief Note on the History of Sugar in Barbados. Bridgetown: Barbados Sugar Producers' Association, 1963.

1069. MARTIN-KAYE, P.H.A., and BADCOCK, J. "Geological Background to Soil Conservation and Land Rehabilitation Measures in Barbados, West Indies." Journal of the Barbados Museum and Historical Society 30 (November 1962):3-13. Also in Report of the Caribbean Geological Conference, 3rd (1962). 1070. MASSIAH, Joycelin. "The Status of Women in Barbados--Some Considera­ tions." Bulletin of Eastern Caribbean Affairs 2 (November 1976):1-5.

1071. MAYERS, John M. "The Contribution of Agriculture to the Economy of Barbados." Proceedings, CFCS, llth (1973):74-90.

1072. "The Marketing of Agricultural Produce in Barbados." Proceed­ ings, WIAEC, ist (1966):302-306.

Describes traditional marketing channels for food crops, which only recently began to receive attention in Barbados. Argues that a system of market intelligence and crop information is an urgent need. Suggests that the formation of marketing societies would make it easier to disseminate both marketing and production information.

1073. "The Marketing of Food Crops in Barbados." Frodeedings, CFCS, 2nd (1964):123-125.

1074. "Meat Production in Barbados: Its Scope for Import Substitution and Diversification." Proceedings, WIAEC, 4th (1969):78-84.

The author sees some scope for important substitution in pork and poultry, but much less so for beef since the net balance of payments effect of' substituting beef for sugarcane is likely to be negative.

1075. MBOGULA, John Peter. "Peasant Agriculture in Barbados--A Sample Study." M.A. Thesis, McGill University, Montreal, 1964. Pp. 152.

1076. "Mechanical Harvesting in 1973." Barbados Sugar Industry Review, No. 16 (June 1973):4-6.

1077. MEDFORD, D.L. Fertilizer Trials on Burnt Cane Fields. Extension Circular No. A3. Bridgetown, Barbados: Ministry of Agriculture, Science and Technology, 1967. [B. Min. Ag.]

1078. ----- Mixed Granular Fertiliser Trials on Sugar Cane Ratoons, 1968. Bulletin No. 53. Bridgatown, Barbados: Ministry of Agriculture, Lands & National Insurance, 1969. [B. Min. Ag.]

1079. Nitrogen Fertilizer Trials on Sugar-Cane 1960-1963. Bulletin No. 36. Bridgetown, Barbados: Ministry of Agriculture, 1963.

108n. ----- Phosphatic Fertiliser Trials on Sugar Cane, 1965-1967. Bulletin No. 52. Bridgetown, Barbados: Ministry of Agriculture, 1968. Pp. 48. [ISER]

1081. ----. "Some Nutrient Analyses of the Coralline Sugar Cane Soils of Barbados." Proceedings, Soils Seminar 1969. [Barbados: Regional Research Centre, UWI, 1969]. [ISERI

1082. "The Menace of Indiscriminate Burning of Canes." Barbados Sugar Industry Bulletin, No. 5 (August 1970):7-13. 117

1083. METCALF, J.R., and VAN WHERVIN, L.W. "Studies on Mass-Liberations and Natural Populations of the Egg Parasites of Moth Borer diatraea saccharalis (F.) in Barbados." Proceedings, Congress of the Inter­ national Society of Sugar Cane Technologists, 12th (1965). Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1967. Pp. 1420-1434. [STRU]

1o84. MILLS, J.T. "Report on a Visit to Barbados to Investigate Diseases of Yam Tubers." Trinidad: Tate and Lyle Central Agricultural Research Station, 1965.

1085. MOMSEN, (n~e HENSHALL) Janet D. "Aspects of the Peasant Agriculture of the Island of Barbados, in the West Indies." Master's Thesis, Univer­ sity of Oxford, 1966.

1086. MORIN, C~sar A. Pricing of Agricultural Products in Barbados. Report to the OAS and Ministry of Agriculture, Barbados. Bridgetown, Barba­ dos, 1974. [CDB]

1087. MUNIR, Badar. "Studies on the Agromyzid Leaf-Miners in Barbados." Proceedings, CFCS, lth (1973):313-319.

1088. NAHLAWI, W. The Drying of Yams with Solar Energy. Technical Report No. T27. St. James, Barbados: Brace Experiment Station, 1966. [BDD]

1089. "A New Wage Agreement." Barbados Sugar Industry Review, No. 7 (May 1969) :9-11.

1090. "New Wage Agreements." Barbados Sugar Industry Review, No. 20 (June 1974):11-15.

1091. "The New Wages Agreement." Barbados Sugar Industry Review, No. 11 (March 1972):1-3.

1092. "New Wages Agreement, 1975-1976." Barbados Sugar Industry Review, No. 24 (June 1975):1-3.

1093. "The 1973 Crop." Barbados Sugar Industry Review, No. 17 (September 1973):5-7.

1094. NORSE, David. "Diseases of Food Crops in Barbados: Their Identifica­ tion and Control." Bridgetown, Barbados: Ministry of Agriculture, Science and Technology, 1972. [BDD]

1095. . "Peanut Diseases in Barbados and Their Control." Proceedings, CFCS, 10th (1972):8-10.

1096. "Plant Diseases in Barbados." Phytopathological Papers, No. 18. London: Imperial College of Science and Technology, University of London, April 1974. Pp. 38.

1097. "A Note on Cane Varieties." Barbados Sugar Industry Review, No. 19 (March 1974):2-4.

1098. NURSE, James O.J. "Small Scale Farming in Barbados." Proceedings, WIAEC, 5th (1970):85-102. 118

1099. A Survey of Beef Production in Barbados. Bridgetown, Barbados: Ministry of Agriculture, March 1973. Pp. 31. [CARDI]

1100. ----, and PATTERSON, Harold C. Pig Production in Barbados, 1970. [Bridgetown]: Minis-ury of Agriculure, Science and Technology, Sep­ tember 1971. Pp. 131. [ISER; CARDI]

1101. NURSE, L. "An Appraisal of Rainfall Distribution in Barbados." B.A. Thesis (Geography), UWI, Mona, Jamaica, 1975.

1102. NURSE, L.L. "The Fishing Industry of Barbados." B.A. Thesis (Geogra­ phy), UWI, Mona, Jamaica, 1972.

1103. OGUNTOYINBO, Julius Sunday. "Evapotranspiration and Sugarcane Yields in Barbados." Journal of Tropical Geography (Singapore) 22 (June 1966): 38-48.

1104. ----. "Rainfall, Evaporation and Sugarcane Yields in Barbados." M.Sc. Thesis, McGill University, Montreal, 1964. Pp. 72.

1105. "100 Years of Sugar Production." Barbados Sugar Industry Review, No. 15 (March 1973):3-7.

1106. Organization of American States. Scotland District of Barbados: Evalua­ tion of the Problems and Treatment of Erosion and Unstable Ground. Washington, D.C., 1971. [CDB]

1107 - .---- Inter-American Committee on the Alliance for Progress. Domestic Efforts and the Need for External Financing for the Development of Barbados. Washington, D.C., annual. [BDD has 1969 and 1971 Reports]

1108. OYELESE, J.O. "The Cultivation of Food Crops in Barbados." M.A. Thesis, McGill University, Montreal, 1964. Pp. 179.

1109. ----. "Some Aspects of Food Crop Cultivation in the Plantations of Barbados--West Indies." Nigerian Geographical Journal 9 (June 1966): 55-70. Also published by the Commonwealth Institute, London, 1968. [Barbados Department of Archives]

1110. Pan-American Health Organization. The National Food and Nutrition Survey of Barbados. Scientific Publication No. 237. Washington, D.C., 1972. [BDD]

1111. PARASRAM, S. and KUMAR, V. Distribution of Some Vegetable Pests in Barbados. Departmental Paper No. 9. St. Augustine, Trinidad: Depart­ ment of Crop Science, UWI, August 1973. Pp. 13. [CARDI]

1112. PARRIS, Ronald Glenfield. "Race, Inequality and Underdevelopment in Barbados, 1627-1973." Ph.D. Dissertation, Yale University, 1974. Pp. 860.

1113. PATTERSON, Harold C. The Barbados Black Belly Sheep. Bridgetown, Bar­ bados: Ministry of Agriculture, Science and Technology, 1976. Pp. iii+19. [NAL: SF373 B42 P3; CARDI] 119

1114. ----, and NURSE, James O.J. A Survey of Sheep Production in Barbados. Barbados: Ministry of Agriculture, July 1974. PP. 37. [CARDI]

1115. PERSAUD, Bishnodat. "An Economic Study of the Barbados Sugar Industry." Ph.D. Dissertation, Reading University, 1973. [ISER]

1116. ----, and PERSAUD, Lakshmi. "The Impact of Agricultural Diversification Policies in Barbados in the Post-war Period." Social and Economic Studies 17 (September 1968):353-364. (Originally presented at the Third WIAEC, 1968).

The authors "examine closely the extent to which progress has been made in agricultural diversification. Relevant statistics are not available beyond 1965 but it will be demonstrated that up to that time no progress had been made. Following that reasons for this lack of success are advanced and the main difficulties associated with diver­ siPfing agriculture is the island are considered. This serves as a background for finally assessing the adequacy of past policy measures."

1117. PERSAUD, Gloria Lakshmi. "The Need for, and the Possibilities of, Agri­ cultural Diversification in Barbados, West Indies." Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Belfast (Queens), 1969. Pp. 469.

1118. "Pest Control." Barbados Sugar Industry Review, No. 27 (March 1976):1-2.

1119. PHIT.IPS, Edsil. "Financial Aspects of the Barbados Sugar Industry." Proceedings, WIAEC, 12th (1977):181-198.

Examines the financial requirements of the industry and assesses the adequacy of ics sources of finance. Short-term credit requirements are said to be adequately met for medium- and large-scale estates and fac­ tories but not for small-scale operators. Medium- and long-term finance is insufficient generally and will need to expand if farmers are to be able to lower production costs.

1120. PILGRIM, E.C. "Agriculture and the Government Agricultural Development Programme." Proceedings, CFCS, llth (1973):59-73.

1121..--. "The Role and Structure of Agriculture in Barbados and the Agri­ cultural Development Programme." Proceedings, WIAEC, 4th (1969):55-66.

Goals for the agricultural sector are reported to be (1) lower costs and higher yields for sugarcane; (2) diversification; (3) import substitution in root ctops, fruits, and vegetables; (4) increased live­ stock production; (5) a-ro-industrial development; and (6) soil conser­ vation and rational land use.

1122. ----, and CUMBERBATCH, E.R.St.J. An Assessment of the Agricultural Sector of the Development Plans of 1958 to 1968. Bridgetown, Barbados: Ministry of Agriculture, 1969. [BDD]

1123. PRICE, Edward T. "Notes on the ." Journal of the Barbados Museum and Historical Society 29, No. 4 (1962):119-154. 120

1124. "Problems of Mechanisation." Barbados Sugar Industry Review, No. 24 (June 1975):14-17.

1125. "Projections for Operation of Cane Harvesters." Barbados Sugar Industry Review, No. 8 (June 1971):14-16.

1126. PSCHORN-WALCHER, H., and BENNETT, Fred D. "The Successful Biological Control of Citrus Blackfly Aleurocanthus woglumi (Ashby) in Barbados, West Indies." PANS (A) 13 (1967):375-3884.

1127. QUINTYNE, R.C. Pasture Management. Bulletin No. 51. Bridgetown, Barbados: Ministry of Agriculture, 1968. [BDD]

1128. ----- Pig Production in Barbados: A Background Study. Bridgetown, Barbados?, 1968.

1129. ----, and DONEFER, E. "Studies of Pangola Grass (Digitaria decumbens stent.) in Barbados." Proceedings, CFCS, llth (1973):246-258.

1130. ---- , and MILLINGTON, R.C.A. Nutritive Value of Four Forages Fed Frozen and Dried in Barbados. Bridgetown, Barbados: Ministry of Agriculture, September 1975. PP. 9. [CARDI]

1131. RANDALL, Roland E. "The Costal Soils of Barbados." Journal of the Barbados Museum and Historical Society 33 (May 1969)25-27.

1132. RAO, P. Sashagiri. "An Estimation of Effect of Flowering on Yield and Quality of Sugar Cane in Barbados." Proceedings, WIST Meeting, 1973. Pp. 171-175.

1133. ----. "Radiosensitivity and Mutants in Sugarcane." In Proceedings of the International Society of Sugar Cane Technologists, 14 (1971): 408-412.

"The relationships between radiosensitivity and the frequency of nonflowering mutants induced by X-rays and gamma irradiation in 4 heavy flowering sugar-cane varieties in Barbados are discussed" [A.T.A., April 1976].

1134. RASTOGI, Raj. "Some Thoughts about Blackbelly Sheep Farming in Barbados." A paper presented at the First Regional Livestock Meeting, St. Augustine, Trinidad, 21-25 September 1975. Excerpted in Extension Newsletter (UWI, St. Augustine) 7 (December 1976):13-16.

1135. REID, Molly. "The Growth of a Twentieth Century Myth: The Foreclosure Suit in Barbados." Social and Economic Studies 22 (September 1973): 358-383.

"In Barbados . . there exists no statutory channels for the quieting and correcting of defective titles to land. Instead there has developed amongst conveyancers, with the connivance of the Courts, a legal fiction involving the use of a notional mortgage and an ensuing fore­ closure suit under the Chancery Act, 1906" [REID]. 121

1136. ROBERTS, J.A. Vegetable Storage and Processing. Report to the Govern­ ment of Barbados. UNDP Report No. TA2670. Rome: FAO, 1969. [BDD has an earlier draft]

Recommends construction of a new vegetable facility, consisting of grading and packing areas, cold storage rooms, and a small processing plant. The existing small-scale processing facility is considered to be unprofitable.

1137. ROBERTSON, I.A.D., and HUNTER-JONES, P. "The Grasshopper Problem in Barbados." Journal of the Agricultural Society of Trinidad and Tobago 72 (December 1972):411-428. [NAL: 8 T731

These 2 consultants conclude that "the grasshopper, Schistocerca pallens, will under the present agricultural system become a pest with which the farmers of Barbados will have to live. There is no reason why it should become a serious pest, however, provided reason­ able precautions are taken."

1138. ROCHEFORD, B. "The Climate of Barbados." Proceedings, CFCS, llth (1973):112-137.

1139. "Root Borer Outbreak, January 1976." Barbados Sugar Industry Review, No. 27 (March 1976):2-7.

Recommends control measures.

1140. Ross, P.S. and Partners. An Evaluation of Present and Future Operations of BMC. Bridgetown, Barbados, 1969.

Discusses detailed operational responsibilities and procedures under 2 alternative arrangements: a government marketing board and a com­ mercial marketing corporation.

1141. ROUSE, Wayne R. "The Moisture Balance of Barbados and Its Influence upon Sugar Cane Yield." M.Sc. Thesis, McGill University, Montreal, 1962. Pp. 60.

1142. SARGEANT, V.A.L., and JEFFERS, E. de C. "Control of Bird Damage in Tomatoes in Barbados." Proceedings, CFCS, 4th (1966):137-142.

1143. SAUER, E.L. Soil and Water Conservation in the Scotland District. [?], 1967.

Estimates that soil conservation measures (underground drainage, water control, and land reforming) would cost B$2,585 per acre, a figure difficult to justify in some of the more eroded and rugged parts of the area where attempts to plant cane or other crops would cause erosion problems to reappear.

1144. SAUNDERS, Muriel and WORRELL, DeLisle. Commerical Bank Credit in Barbados, 1946-77. Bridgetown: Central Bank of Barbados, June 1978. Pp. 30+ Annexes. [BDD] 122

1145. SEGAL, Aaron. "El desarollo econ6mico de Barbados." Comercio Exterior (Mexico) 17 (June 1967):476-480.'

1146. SHEPPARD, David K. "Credit and the Agricultural Sector in Barbados." Bulletin of Eastern Caribbean Affairs 2 (February 1977).

1147. SHURCLIFFE, Alice W.; WELLEMEYER, J.F.; and HENRY, Lawrence. Manpower Surveys: Barbados. Economic Development in the Eastern Caribbean Islands, Series No. 4. Cave Hill, Barbados: ISER, UWI, 1968. [USAID/B (draft)]

Labor demand projections in this study (and in companion studieg on other islands) was estimated primarily by interviewing persons "in­ the-know" (25-50 per island). Also taken into account were historical employment trends and projected developments in the economy. The authors present census data for 1960 and make manpower supply and demand estimates for 1965, 1970, and 1975. The unemployment rate is projected to fall only slightly over this period, from 14.1% in 1965 to 13.4% in 1975. Employment in sugarcane operations is projected to decline by 20% between 1966 and 1975, while other agricultural employment is pro­ jected to increase by 10% because of the growing demand for food crops and livestock products. Population growth in Barbados (and in the other islands) has been slower than the authors of these studies believed it would be.

1148. SKEETE, C.C. A Description of the Weather of the Island of Barbados, W.I. Document No. 63-19. Woods Hole, Mass.: Woods Hole Oceanographic Insti­ tution, 1963. Pp. 284.

1149. SMALL, L.W. "A Preliminary Report on Onion Blast Disease in Barbados." Proceedings, CFCS, llth (1973):389-397.

1150. SMITH, Dudley. The Economic and Technical Feasibility of the Consoli­ dation 6f Sugar Factories in Barbados. Report to the Government of Barbados by OAS Consultant. Bridgetown, Barbados, 1966.

1151. SMITH, G.W. The Irrigation Needs of Barbados, W.I. St. Augustine, Trinidad: RRC, ICTA, 1960. [ISER]

1152. SMITH, Henry. Study of the Cost and Structure of Distribution in Barbados. Cave Hill, Barbados: ISER, UWI, 1966. [BDD; ISER]

1153. SMITH, Lionel H., and FARNUM, Frank C. Soil Moisture and Precipitation Characteristics in the Springhall Area of Barbados, W.I. Husbands, Barbados: Caribbean Metorological Institute, 1974. [CDB]

in Barbados." 1154. ---- , and WILLIAMS, H. "A Summary of Peanut Research Proceedings, CFCS, llth (1973):224-245.

1155. SPALDING, R.W. "Report to the Government of Barbados on the Development of the Dairy Industry." Report No. TA-2616. Rome: FAO, 1969. Pp. iv+ll. 123

The greatest obstacle to increased production, it is argued, is the shortage of good quality forage. Recommendations are made for over­ coming this obstacle.

1156. SPENCE, Eleanor Jean. "Marketing Opportunities and Household Activities of Country Hawkers in Barbados." M.A. Thesis, McGill University, Montreal, 1964. Pp. 129.

1157. STANDARD, K.L.; LOVELL, H.G.; and HARNEY, L. "Heights and Weights of Barbadian School Children." British Journal of Preventive and Social Medicine 20 (1966):135-14o. 1158. STRAW, K.H. "Household Budgets and Nutritional Analysis in Barbados." Social and Economic Studies 3 (June 1954):5-38. "A note on the weekly budget of the 'average' household used as a basis for the construction of a series of weights for an Index of Retail Prices in Barbados, together with an estimate of the nutrient content of the average household's diet " [Author's Abstract].

1159. "The Sugar Crop of 1974." Barbados Sugar Industry Review, No. 20 (June 1974) :2-4.

1160. "Sugar Factory Production and Recoveries 1971." Barbados Sugar Industry Review, No. 10 (December 1971):7-8.

1161. "Sugar in Barbados." Chronicle of the West India Committee (November 1966):589-591.

1162. "The Sugar Industry, 1966-76." Barbados Sugar Industry Review, No. 30 (December 1976).

1163. "Sugar Production 1971." Barbados Sugar Industry Review, No. 9 (Sep­ tember 1971):3-6.

1164. "Sugar Production 1974." Barbados Sugar Industry Review, No. 21 (Sep­ tember 1974):10-13.

1165. "Sugar Production 1975." Barbados Sugar Industry Review, No. 24 (June 1975):10-11, and No. 26 (December 1975):5-7.

1166. SWAMI, Kala. "A Pilot Study of Moisture Conditions in Barbados--A Preliminary Report." In Resource Development in the Caribbean. Montreal: Centre for Developing-Area Studies, McGill University, 1972. Pp. 317-325.

1167. TAM, Sai-wing Selwyn. "Mechanisms and Spatial Patterns of Erosion and Instability in the Joe's River Basin, Barbados." Ph.D. Dissertation, McGill University, Montreal, Canada, 1975. [DAI 36 (April 1976): 4915-4916-B]

"Field evidence, and data from runoff plots, indicate that forest­ clearing and unwise land use led to increased runoff after colonization in the 17th century. The impermeable nature of the Muds has amplifted 124

this effect, producing incision along stream courses and the growth of tributary gullies. In direct response to this, landslips are numerous, acting to regrade side slopes to the new base levels of the incising streams. In those parts where thick Coral, Oceanic colluvium protects the underlying Muds, such problems are not encountered. Corrective and conservation measures are suggested in the light of these findings" [DAI].

1168. TANDOH, Samuel Erwin. "The Climate of Barbados." Master's Thesis, McGill University, Montreal, 1965.

1169. TAYLOR, K.D. The Rodent and Monkey Problem in Barbados. Bridgetown, Barbados: Ministry of Agriculture, Science and Technology, [1966]. [UWi]

11T0. TAYLOR, N.K. "Some Spacing Experiments with Sweet Potatoes in Barbados." Proceedings, CFCS, 4th (1966):120-126.

1171. THOMPSON, C. "Agro-Industry in Development--A Case Study of Barbados." B.A. Thesis (Geography), UWI, Mona, Jamaica, 1975.

1172. TOUT, D.G. "The Climate of Barbados." Climatological Bulletin (Montreal) 3 (January 1968):1-17.

1173. Tables of Rediation in Barbados, 1964. Climatological Observations (New Series) No. 2. Montreal: McGill University, July 1968. [BDD]

1174. TROTT, R.R. "Handling and Storage of Raw Sugar in Bulk in Barbados, 1961-1966." Proceedings, BWIST Meeting, 1966. Pp. 363-369.

1175. "Refining Quality in Raw Sugar." Barbados Sugar Industry Review, No. 21 (September 1974):13-18.

1176..----, and HUDSON, J.C. "The Assessment of Cane Quality in Barbados: A Pilot Scheme 1966." Proceedings, BWIST Meeting (1966):382-387.

1177. United Nations Development Programme, and Food and Agriculture Organisa­ tion of the United Nations. Farm Management Information for Selected Crops on Agricultural Development Corporation Estates, Barbados, April 1976. Bridgetown, Barbados, 1976. [CDB]

1178. ----- Project of the Government of Barbados: Agricultural Planning and Development for Food Production. Bridgetown, Barbados, 1976. [CDBJ

1179. VAN WHERVIN, L. Walter. The Biological Control of the Moth-borer, Diatraea saccharalis F., with Special Reference to Lixophaga diatraeae Tns.: A Preliminary Report. Bulletin No. 35. Bridgetown, Barbados: Department of Science and Agriculture,1963. Pp. 22. [B. Min. Ag.]

1180. ----- Ecology, Biology and Behaviour of Lixophaga diatraeae Tns. and Results of Attempts (1958-1963) to Establish it in Barbados for the Control of the Moth-borer, Diatraeae saccharalis (F.). Bulletin No. 45. Bridgetown, Barbados: Depsrtment of Science and Agriculture, 1967. 125

1181.....-, and WILDE, W.H.A. "An Analysis of the Possibilities of the Sterile Male Release Technique in the Eradication of the Sugarcane Moth Borer, Diatraea saccharalis (F.), in Barbados, West Indies." Entomological Society of Ontario Proceedings 100 (1969; publ. September 1970):i1i-113. [NAL: 420 0N8]

1182. VAUGHAN, T. "Land Reclamation in Barbados." B.A. Thesis (Geography), UWI, Mona, Jamaica, 1976.

1183. VERNON, K.C., and CARROL, D.M. Soil and Land Surveys, No. 18: Barbados. St. Augustine, Trinidad: RRC, UWI, 2966. [ISER]

1184. VIDAEUS, Lars. An Inventory of the Barbados Fishing Industry. Bridge­ town, Barbados: UNDP, 1969. [BDD]

1185. WALKER, D.I.T. Pre-Harvest Sampling of Cane in Barbados; Preliminary Surveys 1964 and 1965. Bulletin No. 40. Barbados: BWI Central Sugar Cane Breeding Station, 1967. [B.Min.Ag.]

1186. . "Selection Criteria for the Future [Barbados]." Proceedings, BWIST Meeting (1966):21-24.

1187. "Utilisation of Noble and Saccharum spontaneum Germplasm in the West Indies." Proceedings of the International Society of Sugar Cane Technologists, 14th (1971):224-232. [NAL: 65.9.1N84]

Report of research in Barbados to obtain a wider genetic base for sugarcane.

1189. et al. Sugar Cane Spacing Trials in Barbados. Bulletin No. 42. Bridgetown, Barbados: Ministry of Agriculture, 1965. [B.Min.Ag.]

1189. WARD, Gerald T. Suggestions for Corn Harvesting, Drying and Storage Trials. Technical Report No. T25. St. James, Barbados: Brace Experi­ ment Station, 1965. [BDD]

1190. WARKENTIN, B.P. "Halloysite in the Red-Brown and Yellow-Brown Soils of Barbados." Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad) 49 (July 1972):275-277. "Electron micrographs show that tubular halloysite is present in the red­ brown (No. 60) and yellow-brown (No. 50) soils in Barbados, and also in the St. George's Valley association (No. 20) which contains material washed in from the Nos. 60 and 50 soils. No halloysite was seen in other samples. The high plastic limits show that the halloysite is present in sufficient amounts to influence the physical properties of the soils" [Author's abstract].

1191. "Identification of Clay Minerals in Barbados Soils." Interim unpublished report on properties of samples. Montreal: Department of Soil Science, McGill University, 1961.

1192. "Properties of Some Clay Soils in Barbados." Unpublished report. Montreal: Department of Soil Science, McGill University, 1966. Pp. 12. 126

1193. "Report on Laboratory Investigations of Clay Samples from Scotland Formation in Barbados." Unpublished paper. Montreal: Department of. soils, McGill University, 1962.

1194. . "Report to Ministry of Agriculture on Visit to Scotland District, Barbados." Unpublished paper. Montreal: Department of Soil Science, McGill University, 1961.

1195. WATTS, David. "Algunos aspectos del desarrolloagrfcola moderno en Barbados, Antillas." In Conferencia Regional Latinoamericana, Vol. II. Mexico: Sociedad Mex:Lcana de Geograffa y Estadfstica. Pp. .574-585.

1196. "Evapotranspiration and Energy Relationships at Waterford, Barbados, 1960." In Two Studies in Barbadian Climatology. Climatological Research Series No. 1-B. Montreal: McGill University, 1966. Pp. 65.

1197. WEBSTER, P.W.D., and EAVIS, B.W. "Effects of Flooding on Sugarcane Growth: 1. Stage of Growth and Duration of Flooding." Proceedings of the Inter­ national Society of Sugar Cane Technologists, 14th (1971):708-714. [NAL: 65.9 IN84]

Report on experiments in Barbados.

1198. WEST, D.H. "The Assessment of Cane Quality in Barbados: Flow-Through Method for Sampling and Analysis of First Expressed Juice." Proceedings, BWIST, Meeting (1966):390-395.

1199...-. "Exhaustion of Final Molasses in Barbados Factories, 1952-1966." Proceedings, BWIST Meeting (1966):338-351.

1200. WHITE, V.E. The Status of Soil Conservation in Barbados with Special Reference to Problems Encountered in Formulating and Implementing Policy. [?], 1970. Pp. 23. [CARDI]

1201. WILES, D.W. Memorandum on Barbados Being Developed to Encourage Much Larger Shrimp Development. Bridgetown, Barbados: Department of Agri­ culture, n.d. [BDD]

1202. WILLIAMS, J.F. "Performance Evaluation Report: Ben Pearson Cotton Picker, Barbados, April 1974." Bridgetown, Barbados: BDD, 1974. [BDD]

1203. WILLIAMS, L. "Resurgence of the Sea Island Cotton Industry in Barbados." B.A. Thesis (Geography), UWI, Mona, Jamaica, 1975.

1204. YANKEY, J. Bernard. Progress Report on Appraisal of Barbados Marketing Corvoration. Wildey, Barbados: CDB, 1975. [CDB]

1205. "Yield of Sugar Cane in Barbados, 1975." Barbados Sugar Industry Review, No. 27 (March 1976):8-9.

See also References No. 23, 24, 32, 34, 47, 48, 49, 51, 52, 53, 73, 121, 122, 134, 167, 187, 219, 220, 261, 298, 318, 326, 328, 390, 395, 450, 451, 459, 470, 494, 497, 498, 515, 558, 565, 567, 569, 576, 609, 631, 632, 640, 657, 658, 660, 668, 680, 681, 688. 127

BELIZE

1206. ABRAMS, Ira Rance. "Cash Crop Farming and Social and Economic Change in a Yucatec Maya Community in Northern British Honduras." Ph.D. Disser­ tation, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1973. Pp. 281.

1207. ----. "Group Net Fishing in Northern Belize: Nutritional Implications for the Maya Lowlands." Journal of Belizean Affairs 5 (September 1977).

1208. AGUILAR, D.G. "Rural Land Utilization in British Honduras (A Comparative Study with Jamaica)." B.A. Thesis (Geography), UWI, Mona, Jamaica, 1972.

1209. ANDERSON, R.D., and FRALISH, J.S. "An Investigation of Palmetto, Paurotis wrightii (Griseb. & Wendl.) Britt., Communities in Belize, Central America." Turrialba 25 (January/March 1975):37-44. [NAL: 8 T86]

1210. ASHCRAFT, Norman. Colonialism and Underdevelopment: Processes of Political Economic Change in British Honduras. New York: Teachers College Press, 1973. Pp. ix+180. [U.S. Dept. State: HCl47 B75 A8; GWU: HC142 A8]

The author argues that "the meaning of underdevelopment in particular places can best be discovered by recognizing that behaviors occurring at the local ethnographic level are made in response to arrangements and processes occurring at a wider institutional level." British Honduras (Belize) is used to test this framework of analysis. Ashcraft examines the processes of change in the agricultural sector away from forestry and toward "an agricultural system overwhelmingly dominated by estates that look to the export market."

1211. "Economic Opportunities and Patterns of Work: The Case of British Honduras." Human Organization 31 (Winter 1972):425-433.

"When forestry declined drastically during the 1930's, the worker was forced to shift his emphasis to agriculture. He now attempts to pro­ duce a harvest in excess of household needs in order to obtain cash. But failing to meet income demands, he seeks any available wage-work during slack farming periods. This part-time agricultural pattern hinders the development of an efficient small-scale farming system. Moreover, the worker becomes prey to commerical endeavors which offer inadequate but ready cash income" [Author's abstract].

1212. "The Internal Marketing System of Belize." Journal of Belizean Affairs 3 (June 1974):30-37.

1213. "Land Use and Trade: The Processes of Economic Change in British Honduras." Ph.D. Dissertation, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachu­ setts, 1969. Pp. 372. [DAI 30 (October 1969):1468-1469-B; Order No. 69-16,3o4] 128

After the decline of forestry in the 1930s, farmers relied more heavily on commercial crops to meet cash needs. But since production was limited under traditional shifting cultuvation methods, farmers soughT vage employment to provide supplementary income. Export agriculture, like forestry, has been dominated by foreign capitalists, whose activities are the "controlling economic forces" in the economy.

1214. ----. "Some Aspects of Domestic Organization in British Honduras." In The Family in the Caribbean, ed. Stanford GERBER. Rfo Piedras, Puerto Rico: ICS, UPR, 1968. Pp. 63-73.

1215. Barclay's Bank, D.C. & 0. British Honduras: An Economic Survey. London, 1965. [BDD]

1216. BAZAN, Rufo. "The Coastal Pine Ridge Soils ofBritish Honduras and Their Fertility Status." Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Florida, Gaines­ ville, 1970. Pp. 224. [DAI 31 (July 1970):16-17-B; Order No. 70-12,226]

"In general, results showed that satisfacotry plant growth can be achieved on Puletan soils with lime applications and adequate ferti­ lization. Detrimental physical properties can be corrected in part by surface drainage" [DAI].

1217. BEAUCAGE, Pierre. "The Economic Anthropology of the Black Caribs of Honduras." Ph.D. Dissertation, University of London, 1970. Pp. 456. 1218. BECKFORD, George L. "British Honduras and Regional Economic Integration."

New World Quarterly 3, No. 4 (1967):51-53.

1219. Belize. Annual Abstract of Statistics. [U.S. Dept. State: HA791 A35 Ref.]

1220. ----- Census of Agriculture, 1973/74. Belmopan, n.d. [CARDI]

1221. ----- Development Plan, 1964-1970. Belize, 1963. Pp. 144. [U.S. Dept. State: HC147 B75 A28; ISER; BDD; CDB]

1222. ----. Development Plan, 1972-75. Belmopan, 1972. [CDB]

1223. ----- Development Plan, 1977-1979. Belmopan, March 1977. Pp. 100. [CARDI; CDB]

"The main thrust of development strategy will be total participation of the people in the internal economy using the approach of regional economic planning.. . . Agriculture, forestry and fishing represent the main pro­ ductive complex of the Belizean economy and will be the basis for the development of secondary industries."

1224. Report of the Committee on Agriculture. Belize, 1960.

1225. Report of the Land Administration Committee. Belize, 1961.

Discusses the failure of the "location ticket" system, introduced in 1915, which was designed to enable farmers to obtain land on a free­ hold basis at low cost after certain conditions were met. 129

1226. ---- , and Caribbean Food and Nutrition Institute. [Proceedings of the] Seminar on a Food and Nutrition Policy for Belize, Belize City, 14-18 March 1977. [CDB]

1227. ----. Department of Agriculture. Sugar Production in British Honduras. Belize, 1965. [B.Min.Ag.]

1228. ----. Development Finance Corporation. Annual Report and Statement of Accounts. Belmopan, annual. [CDB]

1229. Labour Department. Manpower Assessment Report:British Honduras. Belize, 1964. [ISER; BDD] 1230. ----- Ministry of Agriculture. Agriculture in Belize--Facts and Figures. Belmopan, 1975. Pp. 17. [CARDI]

1231. ----. ----. Annual Report. Belmopan, annual. [CARDI]

1232. - ---. ----. A Census of Cattle Production, 1970. Belmopan, n.d.

1233. ----. [----]. Monthly Review of Agriculture.

1234. ----. Ministry of Economic Planning. Economic Survey. (Annual). [AID/ W: LAC/DR/RD (1973)]

1235. Ministry of Finance and Economic Development. Official Comments on the Reports of the Tripartite Survey Mission. Belize, 1966. LBDD]

1236 . . A Study of the Gross Domestic Product of British Honduras (Belize). Belize, 1966. [ISER]

1237. ----. Ministry of Natural Resources. "Report on a Visit to British Honduras to Assess the Feasibility of Banana Growing in an Area of the Stann Creek District." Mimeographed. Belize, n.d. [BDDI

1238. ----. Ministry of Trade and Industry. The Livestock Industry in Belize (British Honduras) and the Export Market Potential for Beef and Meat Products in the Caribbean: A Report Synopsis. Belmopan, [1976]. [CARDI; CDB]

1239 - The Production of Grain Crops by Large-Scale Mechanized Means in Belize (British Honduras): A Report Synopsis. Belmopan, [1976]. [CDBI

1240. ----. Sugar Industry Commission of Enquiry, 1969. Report. Belize, 1971. [ISER]

1241. Belize Agricultural Society. Belizean Farmer. Quarterly since 1976(?).

1242. Belize Beef Corporation Limited. Guide for Investment: Belize Beef Corporation Limited (An Integrated Ranch/Feedlot/Abattoir Venture. Belize, 1977. [CDB]

1243. BENYA, Edward G. "The Cattle Industry of Belize." Belizean Studies 4 (September 1976):19-35. 130

1244. BLACK, J.H. "The State of the Sugar Cane Industry in Belize." In Expedition to Central America, 1970: General Report, ed. Peter A. FURLEY. Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh, 1972. Pp. 132-148.

1245. BLUE, W.G. "Fertilizer Response with Pangola Grass on Puletan Loamy Fine Sand, British Honduras, as Indicated by Pot Experiment." Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad) 46 (January 1969):25-29.

"Pangola grass forage yields were increased 13-fold by added phosphorus when other nutrients were applied in substantial quantities. . . Forage phosphorus concentrations were probably deficient for cattle at all but the highest application rate (220 p.p.m.). The response was linear, but there was some indication that this depended on the applied phos­ phorus levels.. . . There was no response to potassium, magnesium and sulphur on this virgin soil. The need for fertilizer nitrogen, though demonstrated, was not examined critically" [BLUE].

1246. EORLAND, Clarence C. "An Economic Study of Domestic Food Production in Belize." M. c. Thesis, UWI, St. Augustine, 1975.

Discusses the environmental, social, and economic conditions faced by the typical Milpero and Mennonite farmers. Suggestions are made for improving the conditions under which Milperos operate and to introduce technological changes into the milpa system.

1247. ----. "The Red Kidney Beans of Belize: Scope and Programmes for Expan­ sion." Proceedings, WIAEC, 10th (1975): Vol. II, pp. 261-266.

Argues that large potential markets exist in the CARICOM countries atd Mexico. Recommends appropriate agronomic practices and price and mar­ keting policies.

1248. BRIGGS, J.S. A Survey of Agriucltural Production Costs in British Honduras. Miscellaneous Report No. 147. Surbiton, Eng.: Land Resources Division, Overseas Development Administration, 1972. [BDD] [CONFIDENTIAL]

British Honduras. (See Belize).

1249. BULL, C.J. "The Small Scale Citrus Grower in British Honduras." In Expedition to Central America 1970: General Report, Vol. 1, ed. Peter A. FURLEY. Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh, 1972. Pp. 110-131.

1250. BUSHONG, Allen David. "Agricultural Settlement in British Honduras: A Geographic Interpretation of Its Development." Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Florida, Gainesville, 1961. Pp. 240. [DAI 22 (July 1961): 223; Order No. 61-2229]

"Less efficient production . coupled with inadequate external and internal transportation and marketing arrangements have done, ai'd continue to do, much to thwart a more rapid development of . . . agri­ culture." Only 10 percent of the population is engaged in full-time farming. Almost all agricultural settlement schemes have been modest in size. "Most failed . . . because of the difficulty of producing for the world market crops that could compete favorably with those from other areas" [DAi]. 131

1251. CACHO, C.P. "Agricultural Development with Unlimited Land: The Case of British Honduras." Proceedings, WIAEC, 2nd (1967):111-138.

Discusses the reasons for the failure of all public and private efforts to develop agriculture. The government, it is argued, has perpetuated low productivity peasant agriculture by buying land and settling farmers on plots as low as 7 acres. The absence of good data on land resources and potential means that planning is conducted in a vaccuum.

1252. "Some Reflections on Agricultural Policy in British Honduras." Journal of Belizean Affairs 1 (June 1973):42-66.

1253. Caribbean Development Bank. Appraisal Report on the Belize Banana Development. Bridgetown, Barbados, 1973. [CDB]

1254. ----. Appraisal Retort on the New Livestock Farms in British Honduras. Bridgetown, Barbados, 1973. [CDB]

1255. . The Evaluation of the Farm Improvement and Small Industry Credit Schemes in Belize. Draft ed. Wildey, Barbados, 1974. [CDB] 1256. Caribbean Food and Nutrition Institute [CFNI]. An Assessment of the Food and Nutrition Situation in Belize. Report No. CNFI-J-113-75. Kingston, Jamaica, 1976. Pp. 67+Tables. [CARDI; CDB]

1257. Caribe~a Producers Co-operative Society Limited. Thirteenth Annual General Meeting, San Pedro Ambergris Caye, 11 June 1976. Pp. 32. [AID/W: LAC/DR/RD]

1258. CHIBNIK, Michael Steven. "Economic Strategies of Small Farmers in Stann Creek District, British Honduras." Ph.D.Dissertation, Columbia Univer­ sity, New York, 1975. Pp. 281. [DAI 36 (September 1975):1618-A; Order Ne. 75-18,366]

"Two methods are . . . used to determine the relative importance and interrelationships of the factors that influence econOmic decisions. First, the effects of household location, age of household head, and household size are investigated by analyzing survey data. Secondly, cost/benefit analyses emphasizing the risks, labor inputs, and potential profits associated with alternative economic strategies are made. These analyses are used to construct a 'cash-maximizing' model of the economic behavior of a 'typical' village resident. Predictions generated from the model are compared with the actual economic behavior of villagers" [DAI].

1259. CHOPIN, M.K. "Cattle: A Potential Development in Belize." West Indies Chronicle (August 1965):425-427.

1260. CLAYTON, G. et al. Report of the Tripartite Economic Survey of British Honduras. N.p., 1966. Pp. 150. [U.S. Dept. of State: HC147 B75 R4] 1261. CONNER, James M. Pre-Investment Study: The Cattle Industry in British Honduras. Prepared for Thomas H. Miner and Associates, Inc. Belize: Ministry of Trade and Industry, March 1971. Pp. 3+Tables. [CARDI] 132

1267. COYNER, Mary S. "The Agriculture and Trade of British Honduras." Washington, D.C.: Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agri­ culture, 1968. Pp. 15.

1263. CRAIG, Alan K. "The Geography of Fishing in British Honduras and Adjacent Coastal Areas." Ph.D..Dissertation, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, 1966. Pp. 266. [DAI 27 (July 1966):205-B; Order No. 66-6437]

Discusses the history and cultural geography of a small but flourishing fishing industry in northern British Honduras (Belize). "The intro­ duction of modern processing, transportation and marketing facilities has stimulated development of the spiny lobster industry so that it now far exceeds in value all other marine resources combined. Lack of effective conservation planning and enforcement may lead to an eventual decline in production unless some practical means of extending fishing into deeper waters can be found" [DAI].

1264. ----. Geography of Fishing in British Honduras and Adjacent Coastal Waters. Coastal Studies Series No. 14. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1966. Pp. 143.

1265. ----. "The Grouper Fishery of Cay Glory, British Honduras." Annals of the Association of American Geographers 59 (June 1969):252-263.

1266 ..-. "The Spiny Lobster Fishery of British Honduras." Scottish Geogra­ phical Magazine 84 (December 1968):172-178.

1267. CROSBIE, A.J., and FURLEY, P.A. "Los problemas de la capacidad de la tierra en Honduras Britanica." In Congerencia Regional Latinoamericana. Vol. 2. Mdxico: Sociedad Mexicana de Geografla y Estadistica, 1966. PP. 560-573.

1268. DOBSON, Narda. A History of Belize. New York: Longman, Inc., 1973.

1269. DOWNIE, Jack. An Economic Policy for British Honduras. Belize: Govern­ ment Printer, 1960.

Recommends that agricultural development be based on small-scale, peasant farms.

1270. DRES, John K.W., and MEYER, Jacob. Report to the Government of British Honduras on Various Aspects of the Lobster and Scale Fishery in Coastal Waters. Rome: FAO, 1965. [CDB]

1271. DUMONT, Ren6. A Development Plan for British Honduras--Part Two: The Modernization of Agriculture. Report No. TAO/BRHO/1/add. 1. New York: United Nations, 1963.

1272. FAGAN, H.J. "Premature Fruit Drop of Citrus in British Honduras." Journal of the Agricultural Society of Trinidad and Tobago 71 (June 1971):191-197.

"Premature Fruit Drop is caused by the fungus Colletotrichum gloeo­ sporoides, and is effecitvely controlled by application of fungicides. The systemic fungicide, Benlate, gave the best resutis both in disease control and fruit set" [FAGAN]. 133

1273. Food and Agriculture Organiaation of the United Nations. Report to the Government of British Honduras on the Beef Cattle Industry. Report No. TA-2633. Rome, 1969. Pp. iii+ll.

1274. ----. The Rice Processing Industry: Report to the Government of British Honduras. Rome: FAO, 1966. [BDD]

1275. GOTTSCHALK, Kurt P. "British Honduras (Belize) and Regional Economic Integration: An Analysis of Alternative Choices." Developing Nations Monograph Series, No. 1. Winston-Salem, N.C.: Wake Forest University, 1969. Pp. 55.

1276. HALL, Jerry Alan. "Mennonite Agriculture in a Tropical Environment: Ai Analysis of the Development and Productivity of a Mid-Latitude Agricul­ tural System in British Honduras." Ph.D. Dissertation, Clark University, Worcester, Mass., 1973. Pp. 428. [DAI 34 (November 1973):2089-B; Order No. 73-26,999]

A Cobb-Douglas production function is used to estimate agricultural productivity and resource use efficiency on the basis of data obtained in a random sample of farmers in a community of Mennonite farmers whose agricultural success is based on advanced technology. "The efficiency of resource use is not maximized because the Mennonite way of life does not incorporate profit maximiza&ion as a goal, but minor adjustments in resource allocation could result in greater productivity" [DAI].

1277. HAMBLETON, Hugues-Georges. "La modernisation de l'agriculture en Amgrique latine." Cahiers de Ggographie de Qubec 15 (September 1971):155-169.

1278. HARTLEY, C.W.S. "Report on a Visit to British Honduras to Consider the Possible Development of Oil Palm Planting." Typewritten. Stroud, Glos., Eng., 1970. [BDD]

1279. HATHERILL, C.W.B. "A Pig Survey of British Honduras, 1967." Journal of the Agricultural Society of Trinidad and Tobago 67 (March 1967):81-93.

Discusses the results of a survey conducted between July 1965 and Sep­ tember 1966. "An analysis is made of the 14,000 pigs making up the national herd.. . . Breeds, Government policy, husbandry and disease are discussed, and some of the reasons for the lack of expansion of the pig industry explained" [HATHERILLI.

1280. HOUSTON, W.W.K. The Mexican Fruit Fly (Anastrepha ludens, Loew) and Its Status and Control in British Honduras. Stann Creek Valley, B.H.: UWI, 1972. [BDD]

1281. HOWARD, Michael C. "Agricultural Labour among the Indians of the Toledo District." National Studies 2 (July 1974):1-13.

1282. HUGILL, J.A.C. "Sugar in Belize." Chronicle of the West India Committee 80 (August 1975):418-420.

1283. Hunting Technical Services. Agricultural Credit in Belize (British Honduras). Report to the Government of British Honduras Commissioned by the Overseas Development Administration. Borehamwood, Eng., 1971. [CDBI 134

1284. ----- Preliminary Study of the Potential for Tobacco Production in British Honduras. Borhamwood, 1972. [BDD]

1285. JENKIN, R.N. et al. The Agricultural Potential of the Belize Valley. Draft Land Resource Study No. PR 24/74. Surbiton, Eng.: Land Resources Division, Overseas Fevelopment Administration, 1974. [BDD]

1286. JOHNSON, M.S., and CHAFFEY, D.R. An Inventory of the Chiquibul Forest Reserve, Belize. Land Resource Study No. 14. Surbiton, Surrey, England: Land Resources Division, Foreign and Commonwealth Office, Overseas Develop­ ment Administration, 1973. Pp. 87+maps. [NAL: HD1580 A5 G7 No. 14]

1287. ----, and .... An Inventory of the Southern Coastal Plain Pine Forests, Belize. Land Resource Study No. 15. Surbiton, Surrey, England: Land Resources Division, Ministry of Overseas Development, 1974. Pp. 55+maps. [NAL: IM1580 A5 G7 No. 15]

1288. ----, and ...., with a contribution by BIRCHALL, C.J. A Forest Inventory of Part of the Mountain Pine Ridge, Belize. Land Resource Study No. 13. Surbiton, Surrey, England: Land Resources Division, Foreign and Common­ wealth Office, Overseas Development Administration, 1973. Pp. 120+ maps. [NAL: HD1580 A5 G7 No. 13]

1289. JONES, Grant D. "Los Caaeros: Sociopolitical Aspects of the History of Agriculture in the Corozal Region of British Honduras." Ph.D. Disser­ tation, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, 1969. Pp. 390. [DAI 31 (July 1970):30-31-B; Order No. 70-12,029]

"In 1967-68, despite stimulation of peasant sugar cane p-oduction, there were indications of a deteriorating rural economic stiuation in Corozal. This study attempts to explain the long-term socio--political and cultural ecological processes underlying this trend. The continued failure to establish a viable agricultural economy in Corozal resulted from failure of administrators and investors to assess fully the nature of the rural adaptation to shifting subsistence cultivation.. . . The critical issue has been the survival of peasant cane producers in the face of plantation growth" [DAJI.

1290. ----- The Politics of Agricultural Development in Northern British Honduras. ,veloping Nations Monograph Series, No. 4. Winston-Salem, N.C.: Wake Fc st University, 1971. Pp. 111.

1291. JUAN, E.E., and HARRICHARAN, H. "Systems of Beef Cattle Production in Belize." A paper presented at the Regional Livestock Meeting, St. Augustine, Trinidad, 21-24 September 1975. Pp. 21+Tables. [CARDI]

1292. KEARNS, Kevin C. "Prospects of Sovereignty and Economic Viability for British Honduras;." Professional Geographer 21 (March 1968):97-103.

This brief, descriptive review argues that "the key to economic viability rests with the country's capacity to engender a balanced economy charac­ terized by a diversification of economic pursuits. This calls for more intensive exploitation of natural resources, but cannot realistically be accomplished without the help of foreign aid--both monetary and technical." 135

1293. KELLMAN, M.C. "Dry Season Weed Communities in the Upper Belize Valley." Journal of Applied Ecology 10 (December 1973):683-694. [NAL: 410 J828]

1294. and ADAMS, C.D. "Milpa Weeds of the Cayo District, Belize (British Honduras)." Canadian Geographer 14 (1970):323-343.

1295. KEMP, E.D.S.; McKENZIE, R.M.; ani ROMENY, D.H. "Productivity of Pasture in British Honduras: Jaraqua Grass." Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad) 38 (April 1961) :161-171.

"The establishment and management are detailed, together with the costs of the various operations. Establishment is shown to take not less then 14 months. A clipping experiment of 12 months duration is used to pro­ vide seasonal yield information. An annual production of 16,000 lb. D.M. per acre per annum is demonstrated, with very little reduction in growing during dry weather."

1296. KENNEDY, K. "Beekeeping in Belize, Central America." Gleanings in Bee Culture 102 (September 1974):273. [NAL: 424.8 G471

1297. LAMB, A.F.A. "Policy and Economic Problems in the Conversion of Old Growth Forests to Managed Stands in Tropical South America." Caribbean Forester 21 (July-December 1960):61-67.

1298. LAMB, Bruce F. Mahogany of Tropical America: Its Ecology and Management. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1966.

Notes that progress toward sustained-yield management of mahogany­ producing forests in Belize is more advanced than in any other tropical American country.

1299. LAWRANCE, JoC.D., and McMASTER, P. Report on Land Registration in British Honduras (Belize). London: Overseas Development Administration, 1972. [BDDJ

1300. LAZIER,[?]. Workshop Report . . . Forage Legume Program, Belize, 1973- 1976. Belize, 1976. [CDB]

1301. LINK, J.E. Rice Pests and Diseases in Belize. Bulletin No. 1. Belize: Extension Service, Department of Agriculture, 1973. [CDB]

1302. McFARLANE, Dennis. The National Accounts of Belize (British Honduras), 1968-70. N.p., n.d. [ISER]

1303. MacOWAN, K.D.S. "Notes on a Visit to British Honduras by Animal Health Adviser, 2nd-9th November 1965." Belize, 1965. [BDD]

1304. Management Consultants Limited. Marketing Study for Dairy and Beef Products in Belize: Final Renort. Prepared for the CARICOM Secretariat. [?J, August 1977. [CDB]

1305. MARSHALL, lone. "The National Accounts of British Honduras." Social and Economic Studies 11 (June 1962):99-127. 136

Provides national accounts data for 1954-59 and discusses economic trends during this period. Argues that foreign capital is needed to promote development; priority, it is said,should go to communications and public utilities.

1306. MAY,Jacques M. and McCLELLAN, Donna L. The Ecology of Malnutrition in Mexico and Central America: Mexico, Guatemala, British Honduras, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicarnaua, Costa Rica and . New York: Hafner Pub­ lishing Company, L>' . Pp. 395.

1307. MELHUISH, A.D. A Report to the Appertaining to the Forest Industry. Belize(?), 23 August 1973. Pp. 87. [BDD]

1308. MILLINER, J.H.S. "Tower Hill Raw Sugar Factory, British Honduras." Pro­ ceedings, WIST Meeting, 1969. Pp. 210-213.

1309. Miner, Thomas H. & Associates, Inc. The Feasibility of Producing Machine- Intensive Crons in Belize and Marketing Them in the Caribbean Free Trade Area and Selected Caribbean Markets. Prepared for the Ministry of Trade and Industry of Belize. Chicago, 1972. [CDB]

1310. MINKEL, THOMAS A. "Mennonite Colonization in British Honduras." Pennsyl­ vania Geographer 5 (April 1968):2-7.

1311. MOODY, H. "The Mennonites in British Hondiuras." B.A. Thesis (Geography), UWI, Mona, Jamaica, 1973.

1312. NEAL, Rodney H. "Forage Production in Belize." Prepared for the Forage Legume Workshop. UWI, St. Augustine, Trinidad, 1975.

1313 - .---.Some Pasture Grasses in Belize. Bulletin No. 1. Belize: [Ministry of Agriculture?], May 1972. Pp. 8.

1314. NOCKS, Barry N. "Nutrition Study in British Honduras." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 20 (July 1967):661-671.

1315. OLSON, Gerald W. "Field Report on Soils Sampled around San Antonio in Northern Belize (British Honduras)." Agronomy Mimeo, Cornell University College of Agriculture, Department of Agronomy, No. 74-23, 1974. Pp. 11. [NAL: 276 C813]

1316. ----. "Significance of Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Soils at San Antonio Archaeological Site on the Rio Hondo in Northern Belize." Journal of Belizian Affairs 5 (September 1977). [CARICOM]

1317. ----- Study of Soils in the Sustaining Area around San Antonio in Northern " Belize (British Honduras): Implications to the Maya Ridged Fields. Ithaca, N.Y.: Department of Agronomy, Cornell University, 1975. PP. 75. [NAL: 276 C813 No. 75-1

1318. PARKS, L. "Belize City Central Market." B.A. Thesis (Geography), UWI, Mona, Jamaica, 1974. 137

1319. "Peace Corps Volunteer from Brooklyn Assists Indian Beekeepers in Belize (Central America)." American Bee Journal 116 (August 1976):378-379. [NAL: 424.8 AM3]

1320. PERSAUD, Bishnodat. Cane Transportation Problems in Belize. Report to the Government of Belize. Bridgetown, Barbados: BDD, 1974. [BDD]

1321. PINOCHET, J., and VENTURA, 0. "Plant Parasitic Nematodes Associated with Bananas in Belize." Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad) 54 (October 1977) :349-352.

"In a survey conducted in October 1976, 14 species of plant parasitic nematodes were found associated with commercial bananas in Belize... A total of 6520 banana rhizomes assayed for R. similis showed this nema­ tode to be widely distributed in banana fields in spite of planting -. heat-treated rhizomes on establishment of the plantation in 1972" [Author's abstract].

1322. REUSSE, Eberhard. Report to the Government of British Honduras on the Marketing of Domestic Farm Produce in Belize with Special Regard to the Role of the Marketing Board. Rome: FAO, 1966. Pp. 35.

1323. ROMNEY, D.H. "The Fertility of the Lowlands Soils of British Honduras." Empire Journal of Experimental Agriculture 30 (April 1962).

1324. ----, ed. Land in British Honduras. Report of the British Honduras Land Use Survey Team. Colonial Research Publications, No. 24. London: HMSO, 1959. [BDD]

1325. "Productivity of Pasture in British Honduras-I. Natural Pasture." Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad) 37 (April 1960):135-142.

"The low yield during the six-month dry season, the poor botanical analysis and negligible responses to fertilizers lead one to conclude that such natural pastures give a very low return for outlay on fencing, bush-hogging, fertilizer and water supplies" [ROMNEY].

1326. "Productivity of Pasture in British Honduras-II. Pangola Pasture (As Influenct.d by Climate, Soil Type and Phosphate Fertilizer." Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad) 38 (January 1961):39-47.

Discusses seasonal yields of fertilized pangola grass on 5 sites, with plots clipped at 6-week intervals. Some relationship was found between yield and rainfall and temperature. Response to phosphate was not sig­ nificant. Seasonal dry matter and crude protein data are reported.

1327. SALAS, A. "Nematode Survey in Belize." In Annual Report, United Brands Company, Vol. 1, 1975. Pp. 35-42.

Identified by SALAS (1977) as the first rhizome study in Belize. Reports the presence of R. similis throughout the 4 farms in Big Creek.

1328. SAWATZKY, Harry Leonard. Mennonite Settlement in British Honduras. Berkeley: Department of Geography, University of California, 1969. Pp. 63. 138

1329. SEATON, O.M. "Field Mechanization in British Honduras." Proceedings, WIST Meeting (1969):143-148.

1330. "Phosphate Responses in Sugar Cane in British Honduras." Pro­ ceedings, WIST Meeting (1969):94-loo.

1331. THOMPSON, B.P. "Current Economic Situation and Prospects: Belize." [Bridgetown, Barbados]: [BDD], March 1977. Pp. 18+28 Tables. [USAID/ B; BDD]

Anticipates a recovery from depressed economic conditions in 1975-76, caused by lower sugar prices, higher import prices, and the effects of the world recession.

1332. TUCKER, D.H. "Some Preliminary Results of Long-Term Citrus Fertility Trials in the Stann Creek District of British Honduras." Empire Journal of Experimental Agriculture 31 (October 1963).

1333. United Kingdom. Colonial Office. Land in British Honduras. Colonial Research Publications No. 24. London, 1959.

1334 - .----Ministry of Overseas Development. British Development Division in the Caribbean. "Agricultural Adviser's Notes on a Visit to British Hon­ duras, 13th to 21st February, 1968." Bridgetown, Barbados, 1968. [BDD]

1335. United Nations. A Development Plan for British Honduras. Project No. TAO/BRHO/1. Belize?, June 1963.

1336. United States. Department of Agriculture. Economic Research Service. The Agriculture and Trade of British Honduras. Document No. ERS-Foreign 209. Washington, D.C., 1968. Pp. 15. [U.S. Dept. State: HD1799 U5]

1337. University of the West Indies. Forage Legume Program. Belize: Final Field Renort, July 1977. Belize, 1977. [CDB]

1338. WADDELL, D.A.G. British Honduras: A Historical and Contemporary Survey. New York: Oxford University Press for the Royal Institute of Inter­ national Affairs, 1961. [ISER; U.S. Dept. State: F1443 W3]

1339. WALKER, B. "Selected Aspects of Sugarcane Production in British Honduras." Master's Thesis, University of Leeds, 1965.

1340. WALKER, S.H. Summary of Climate Records for Belize. Supplementary Report No. 3. Surbiton, Eng.: Land Resources Division, Overseas Development Administration, 1973. [BDD]

1341. WEIR, C.C. Citrus Fertilizer Investigations on British Honduras, I: The Effect of Fertilizer Treatments on Yield of Citrus. Citrus Research Bulletin No. 5. St. Augustine, Trinidad: UWI, July 1969.

1342. ---- , and WEDDEBURN, R.N. Fertilizers in British Honduras. Citrus Research Bulletin No. 11. St. Augustine, Trinidad, UWI, 1968. 139

1343. WILKING, E.V. Report to the Government of British Honduras on Improvement of the Citrus Industry. Report No. TA-3267. Rome: FAO, 1974. Pp. 21.

1344. WILKINSON, G.D. Proposals for the Establishment of a College of Agricul­ ture in British Honduras. Commissioned on behalf of the British Honduras Government by the BDD. Bridgetown, Barbados: BDD, 1972.

1345. WRIGHT, A.C.S. et al. Land Use in British Honduras. Report of the Land Use Survey Team of British Honduras. London: HMSO, 1960.

1346. WYATT-SMITH, [?]. "Visit of Forestry Adviser to British Honduras (3-6 March, 1970)." London, 1970. [BDD]

See also References No. 75, 111, 134, 164, 187, 228, 258, 259, 347, 383, 421, 451, 469, 511, 690, 693, 694, 720. 14o

BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDS

1347. BAYNES, Ronald A. An Assessment of the Agricultural Potential of the Soils of Tortola, British Virgin Islands. Cave Hill, Barbados: UWI, 1970. [BDD]

1348. BOWEN, W.E. "Development, Immigration and Politics in a Pre-Industrial Society: A Study of Social Change in the British Virgin Islands in the 1960s." Caribbean Studies 16 (April 1976):67-85.

1349. British Virgin Islands. National Income and Expenditure. Road Town, 1976. [CDB]

1350. ----. Statittical Abstract of the British Virgin Islands. Road'Town, annual. [CDB]

1351. ----. Department of Agriculture. British Virgin Islands Agricultural Policy. Road Town, 1974. [BDD]

1352. BYRNE, Joycelin. "Emplcyment in the British Virgin Islands, 1960." CSO Research Papers, No. 6 (June 1969):47-70.

1353. CAMPBELL, Lewis G., and WILSON, P.N. Report on the Agricultural Needs of the British Virgin :slands. St. Augustine, Trinidad: UWI, DAEFM, 1963. [ISER]

1354. DIRKS, Robert, and KERNS, Virginia. "Mating Patterns and Adaptive Change in Rum Bay, 1823-1970." Social and Economic Studies 25 (March 1976): 34-54.

This study of a community in Tortola, British Virgin Islands, finds that "most extra-legal mating relationships are initiated under a mode of reciprocity that favours the maximization of short-term social and economic interests. As such, extra-legal unions are of specific value to those persons who find themselves in extremely,marginal positions within the regional economy." Notes the importance of migrants' remit­ tances in retaining family ties.

1355. DOOKHAN, Isaac. A History of the British Virgin Islands 1672-1970. Epping, Essex, Eng.: Caribbean Universities Press, in association with the Bowker Publishing Co., 1975. Pp. 255.

Based on the author's Ph.D dissertation, UWI, 1969.

1356. ELKAN, Walter, and MORLEY, Richard. Employment in a Tourist Economy: British Virgin Islands. Durham, Eng.: University of Durham, 1971. [ISER]

1357. EVANS, R. Vaughan. Employment in the British Virgin Islands, 1974. Road Town, Tortola: Labour Department, 1974. Pp. 75. 141

1358. ----. Statistical Abstract of the British Virgin Islands, 1974, No. 1. Road Town, Tortola: Statistics Office, Finance Department, 1975. Pp. 169.

1359. FAULKNER, D.E. Report on Livestock Development in the British Virgin Islands. Port-of-Spain, Trinidad: Interim Commission for the West Indies, 1962. [ISER]

1360. FRAMPTON, A. de K., and BIGGS, H.C. "British Virgin Islands, Report and Development Programme." Mimeographed. N.p., 1958.

1361. HARRIGAN, Norwell. "British Virgin Islands--A Conservation Perspective." Caribbean Conservation Association Encironmental Newsletter 1 (July 1970):20-22.

1362. KLUMB, Henry, and Stanton Robbins & Co., Inc. Development and Land Use Program for the British Virgin Islands. Tortola, B.V.I.: Administra­ tion Office, 1960.

1363. MATHER, J.D. Report on the Water Resources of Tortola and Beef Island, British Virgin Islands. London: Institute of Geological Sciences, 1971. [BDD]

1364. O'LOUGHLIN, Carleen. A Survey of Economic Potential, Fiscal Structure and Capital Requirements of the British Virgin Islands. Supplement to Social and Economic Studies 11 (September 1962); Mona, Jamaica: ISER, UWI, September 1962. Pp. 60.

Provides national income extimates for 1957-61 and projections for 1962­ 70 and 1975. The author also makes recommendations for rationalizing taxation, improving incentives to attract investors, moving 'oward economic self-sufficiency, financing additions and improvements to public facilities, and increasing the capacity to execute public works.

1365. PHILLIPS, William T. A Report on the British Virgin Islands, with Recom­ mendations on Measures for Accelerating Economic and Social Development. Castries, St. Lucia: Voice Publishing Co., 1966. Pp. 39. [ISER]

1366. United Kingdom. Ministry of Overseas Development. British Development Division in the Caribbean. British Virgin Islands: Economic Survey and Projections. London, 1970. [BDD; ISER]

1367. WILLAN, R.L. Forestry Development in the British Virgin Islands. Report submitted to the Ministry of Overseas Development. Rome: FAO, 1968. [BDD]

See also References No. 317, 339. 1142

CAYMAN ISLANDS

1368. BAKER, R.J. Soil and Land-Use Surveys No. 26: Cayman Islands. St. Augustine, Trinidad: UWI, April 1974. Pp. 42. [BDD]

1369. Barclays Bank, D.C. & 0. Cayman Islands: An Economic Survey. London, March 1971.

1370. Cayman Islands. Proposed Development Plan for the Cayman Islands, 1975. [BDD]

1371. ----. Statistical Abstract of the Government of the Cayman Islands. Grand Cayman, first published in 1975. [CDB]

1372. "The Cayman Islands." West Indies Chronicle 90 (August-September 976):21ff.

A 27-page survey.

1373. DELPY, Jacques J. Ground Water Resources of the Cayman Islands. New York: United Nations, 1967. [BDD]

1374. DORAN, Edwin Beal, Jr. "A Physical and Cultural Geography of the Cayman Islands." Ph.D. Dissertation, University of California at Berkeley, 1953.

1375. Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations. The Agricultural Situation in the Cayman Islands: Suggestions and Development. Report to the Government of the United Kingdom. Rome, 1966. [BDDI

1376. GOLDBERG, Richard Steven. "East End: A Caribbean Community under Stress." Ph.D. Dissertation: University of Texas, Austin, 1976. Pp. 341. [DAI 37 (November 1976):2995-2996-A; Order No. 76-26,631]

Analyzes the transition of this community on Grand Cayman Island from a subsistance-agriculture/cottage industry economy to a wage-labor economy based on tourism and banking.

1377. Mariculture, Ltd. Farming the Green Turtle. Grand Cayman, 1972? [CDB]

1378. MATHER, J.D. A Preliminary Survey of the Groundwater Resources of the Cayman Islands. London: Institute of Geological Sciences, 1971. [BDD]

1379. PAYNE, Horace W. Soil and Land Use Survey Report: East End Pilot Area-- Grand Cayman. St. Augustine, Trinidad: UWI, 1970. [BDD] 143

1380. United Kingdom. Ministry of Overseas Development. British Development Division in the Caribbean. Cayman Islands: Economic Survey and Pro­ jections. London, 1969. [BDD]

1381. WALMSLEY, D.; CORNFORTH, I,; and MORGAN, G.W. "Grand Cayman: Soil Sampling and Reconnaissance Soil Survey." Report of a Visit on November 27-30, 1967. Mimeographed. N.p., n.d. Pp. 2+Appendices. [CARDI]

1382. WILLIAMS, Neville. A History of the Cayman Islands. Grand Cayman: Government of the Cayman Islands, 1974. Pp. 9. 1144

DOMINICA

1383. ALIE, F.M. "Economic Prospects for the Setting up of a Co-operative Organisation to Deal Effectively and Efficiently with the Processing and Marketing of Bay Oil." Agricultural Symposium 1967. Roseau, Dominica: Government Printery, 1968. [CDB]

1384. ALLEYNE, K.H.C. "Economic Prospects for Processing including Canning for the Domestic and Foreign Markets." Agricultural Symposium 1967. Roseau, Dominica: Government Printery, 1968. [CDB]

1385. AMES, G.R. et al. "Bay Oil Distillation in Dominica." Tropical Science 13 (1971):13-25.

Report of a study carried out by the Tropical Products Institute (U.K.) to improve the quality of the oil. "The project in Dominica has demon­ strated that by the use of different distillation equipment constructed of materials that are inert to bay oil, such as stainless steel, together with the appropriate operating procedures, then clean oils of high quality can be obtained, and in considerably higher yields than are produced with the local stills" [AMES et al].

1386. ARMOUR, Jenner B.M. "The Development of the Local Vanilla Industry." Roseau, Dominica, 1970?. [CDB]

1387. BAKER, C. "Economic and Social Aspects of Banana Production in Dominica." Mimeographed. Swansea, Wales: Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Swansea, 1975.

1388. BANKS, E.P. "A Carib Village in Dominica." Social and Economic Studies 5 (March 1956):74-86.

Describes village social structure and provides partial data on income and economic activity.

1389. Barbados. Delegation Appointed to Visit Dominica to Examine the Possibil­ ities of a Land Settlement Scheme for Barbadians. Report. Bridgetown, 1960. [ISER]

1390. BARTELL, Ernest. National Income Statistics: Dominica, 1961-64. Cave Hill, Barbados: ISER, UWI, 1965. Pp. 18. [BDD; ISER]

1391. BELL, G.S. "Notes on Natural [Forest] Regeneration in Dominica, Windward Islands." Commonwealth ForeLy Review 55 (March 1976):27-36. [NAL: 99.8 EM721

1392. BOYCE, D.W. The Dominica Agricultural Sector Plan in the Context of the Regional Food Plan. Wildey, Barbados: CDB, 1976. [CDB] 145

1393. BROWN, W.G.E. A Report on the Forest Inventory of Dominica, Windward Islands. Ottawa, Canada: Department of Forestry, 1962. [ISER]

1394. BULLY, Colin, and MARTIN, Arthurton. "The Problems of Marketing Dominica Food Crops in Traditional and Non-Traditional Markets." Proceedings, WIAEC, 10th (1975): Vol. II, pp. 102-110.

Discusses strategies for promoting increased orts of plantains, bananas, sweet peppers,and dasheen to markets in Antigua and St. Croix.

1395. CAMPBELL, Lewis G. The Development of Natural Resources in Dominica. Agricultural Series No. 3. Cave Hill, Barbados: ISER/UWI, 1966. Pp. 34. [ISER; BDD]

1396. Caribbean Agro-Economic Society. "Proposals for the Development of the Grand Bay Area, Dominica." ProceedinSs, WIAEC, llth (1976):123-137.

Recommends that the government lease the Geneva Estate to a development -irporation, which in turn would lease the land to individuals or groups of individuals. The corporation would have "maximum popular participation at the decision-makeing level." The target minimum annual income per capita for the project would be EC$1,500. Financial cash flow data are provided, but insufficient information is provided to calculate an economic rate of return.

1397. Caribbean Development Bank. The Potential for Coconut Development in Dominica. Technical Series No. 5. Bridgetown, Barbados, 1972. [ISER; BDD; CDB]

1398. CATES, R.C. Report to the Government of Dominica on the Development of Agricultural Cooperatives. Report No. TA-2789. Rome: FAO, 1970. Pp. 6. [LTC]

1399. CHARLES, F.L.A. "A Programme for Agriciultural Development: The Case of Dominica." Proceedings, WIAEC, 5th (1970):22-23.

1400. COOLS-LARTRIGUE, C.J. "The Banana Industry in Dominica--A Geographical Appraisal." B.A. Thesis (Geography), UWI, Mona, Jamaica, 1969.

1401. COWARD, L.D.G. Reort of a Visit to Dominica, January 1977. London: Tropical Products Institute, 1977. Pp. 13. [BDD]

An evaluation of essential oil processing plants.

1402. CRACKNELL, B.E. "Caribbean Island with a Problem." Geographical Magazine 43 (1971):463-470.

Considers Dominica to be at a crossroads in development, faced with a choice of continued growth based on agriculture or a tourism-industry strategy. Discusses the dependence of the banana industry on the U.K. market.

1403. ----- Dominica. Newton Abbot, Devon, Great Britain: David & Charles (Holdings) Limited. Pp. 198. 146

1404. CRICHETT, C. Survey of Diseases Affecting Major Economic Crops Produced in Dominica. Roseau: Ministry of Agriculture, 1972.

1405. Dominica. Agricultural Census 1975. Unpublished data.

1406. ----. Development Plan for Dominica 1965-75. Mimeographed. Roseau, 1966.

1407. ----. Development Plan, 1971-75. Roseau, 1971?.

1408. ----. Development Programme, 1959-64. Roseau, [1960]. [ISER]

1409. ----- An Ordinance Relating to Agrictitural Small Tenancies and for Purposes Connected Therewith. Ordinance No. 9, 1963. [BDD]

1410. Survey of Estate Agriculture. Roseau, 1967.

Provides data on ownership and management patterns, acreage and percent of land in production, land use, and other socioeconomic indicators.

1411. ----- Agricultural and Industrial Development Bank. Annual Report and Financial Statements.

1412. ----- Agricultural Marketing Board. Considerations Affecting the Pro­ vision of Agricultural Credit for Farmers in Dominica. Roseau, 1970. [BDD]

1413. ----. .---- The Market for Dominica's Oranges. Roseau, 1967. [CDB]

1414. ----. Coconut Products Ltd. The Potential for Increased Coconut Cul­ tivation in Dominica. rioseau, 1970. [BDDI

1415. ----. .---- The Production of High Quality Copra. Roseau, 1970. [BDD]

1416. ----. Division of Agriculture. The Dynamics of a New Agriculture: 1967 Agricultural Symposium . . . Programme and Summaries of Papers. Roseau, 1967. [BDD]

1417. ----. Ministry of Agriculture. Monthly Newsletter. [BDD]

1418. ----- [Office of the Premier. Department of Economic Development and Planning]. [Agricultural Development Plan, 1977-19811. [Roseau, 19771.

This document is a major source of data on agriculture in Dominica. Technically, it is auperior to most plans in the region, though there are some shortcomings: detailed cost and manpower estimates are not available for all programs; it is difficult to determine the costs and benefits of the plan as a whole; and sector priorities are not clearly stated.

1419. ----- [----1. Dominica National Structure Plan, 1976-1990. Roseau, [19761.

This long-term plan gives considerable attention to agriculture, though sector priorities are not clearly stated. 147

1420. DONALD, William S. Feasibility Study: Proposed New Pier, Portsmouth, Dominica. Toronto, Canada, Carr & Donald & Associates, January 1978. Pp. irregular. [CIDA/B]

Argues that a new pier is economically justified. The 2 existing timber piers are said to be badly rotted and probably will not last another year. Continued banana exporting through Portsmouth is said to be more profitable than through Roseau because the longer distance to Roseau means higher trucking costs and greater spoilage.

1421. DUNN, C., and NECKLES, F. "Alternative Strategies for the Development of Geneva Estate." Proceedings, WIAEC, llth (1976):77-95, with discussion, pp. 96-102.

Reviews existing farming patterns and discusses the pros and cons of 4 possible models for farmers on this estate in the Grand Bay area of Dominica: (1) government operation, (2) individual leasehold, (3) cooperative, and (4) cooperative-cum-settlement. Census data for the area, it is noted, should be regarded with caution: census enumerators in 1975 reported that many local residents were reluctant to be inter­ viewed because they expected to obtain land on the estate.

1422. EDMUNDS, J.E. "Phytotoxicity Symptoms of DBCP on Banana." Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad) 48 (April 1971):167-170.

"Abnormal growth symptoms similar to a plant hormone reaction were observed on banana plants in Dominica. Investigations revealed that DBCP phytotoxicity was the most probable cause of such symptoms.... Phytotoxic symptoms of DBCP on banana are described and the importance of time and rate of application is discussed" [EDMUNDS].

1423. FINUCANE, James. Incomes, Employment, and Migration in Dominica. Roseau, January 1977. [SAIG]

Part I is a detailed analysis of employment and migration, based on a survey of 670 households during 1976. The sample frame was drawn from 1970 census records, supplemented with additional information where census materials were incomplete. The unemployment rate was estimated to be 22.7%, compared with 11.2% in 1970. Part II, and analysis of incomes, is not yet available.

1424. FLYNN, G., and KAMATH, J. Feasibility of a Fruit Cannery in Dominica. London: Tropical Products Institute, 1970. [CDB]

1425. Gauthier, Poulin, Theriault Limited. Feasibility of a Wood Processing Industry: Dominica. Ste.-Foy, Quebec, Canada, January 1974. Pp. 127+ Annexes. [CIDA/B]

Attributes the financial losses of Dom-Can, a former lumber firm, both to management deficiencies and to the fact that the firm was too small to be viable. "The amalysis of verious alternatives shows that in order to be viable the industry will have to harvest a minimum of 14,000,000 board feet per year and transform a minimum of 10,000,000 board feet." Two altermatives with potentially attractive returns on investment are 14

considered: a sawmill and an integrated sawmill and veneer mill. The resulting employment generated is estimated to be 230-280 jobs.

1426. GOMES, P.I. "Sociological Analysis of Grand Bay." Proceedings, WIAEC, 11th (1976):62-70.

Survey of a village in Dominica for which an integrated rural develop­ ment strategy is to be prepared. A high incidence of unemployment among local youth is reported. Family size is thought to average as high as 8-9. Perhaps 85% of the homes have electricity, but few have water or sanitary facilities. Farmers in the area complain that lack of marketing facilities and low prices make farming unprofitable. Rural youth seem sympathetic to cooperative forms of land tenure.

1427. GONZALEZ, F.O. "Report on the Poultry Industry of Dominica." [Roseau, Dominica, 1971]. Pp. 15+Attachments. [BDD]

1428. GREGOIRE, Felix. A General Description of the Proposed Northern Forest Reserve of Dominica with Tentative ProposAls for a Management System. B.Sc. Thesis, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, N.B,, Canada, 1977. Pp. 84. [CIDA/B]

The author concludes that "the forest should be managed to continue to serve its protective role as well as a productive role. The forest should be managed on a 50 year rotation and a system of even-aged manage­ ment. Harvesting should be done in ten-acre clear cuts, and natural regeneration supplemented with enrichmenL planting should be the basis for reforestation. High lead logging to a spar tree complemented by skidding with crawler tractors on gentle slopes is recommended."

1429. GRIFFITH, S.M., and SCHNITZER, M. "The Isolation and Characterization of Stable Metal-Organic Complexes from Tropical Volcanic Soils." Soil Science 120 (1975):126-131.

Metal-organic complexes were extracted from 6 soil samples collected in Dominica on a Canadian Podzol Bh horizon soil sample.

1430. HABER, J.H.A. Proposal for Construction of Grapefruit Packing and Pro­ cessing Plant in Dominica, W.I. New Brunswick: Research and Productivity Council, 1972. [CDB]

1431. HARRIS, C.A. "Micro-Level Analysis and Agrarian Development Plan in Dominica--A Geographical Appraisal." B.A. Thesis (Geography), UWI, Mona, Jamaica, 1969.

1432. HENDERSON, Thomas H. "Recommended Policies for Agricultural Development in Dominica, West Indies." M.S. Thesis, Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y., 1962.

1433. HENRY, -.W.T. Dominica Land Use Project: Report on Work Undertaken during the Period 12 June-26 November 1971. Surrey, Eng.: Land Resources Division, Overseas Development Administration, 1972. [BDD] [CONFIDENTIAL] 149

1434. ----- Forestry in Dominica, Windward Islands. Miscellaneous Report No. 76. London: Directorate of Overseas Surveys, 1969. [BDD; CDB]

1435. HIGGINS, W.C.T., and JAMES, Lionel. "Soil and Climatic Factors and Their Effects on Production Levels and Period from Planting to Harvesting of Bananas, Citrus, Coconut, Root Crops, and Bay Oil." Agricultural Sym­ posium 1967. Roseau, Dominica: Government Printery, 1968. [CDB]

1436. Hunting Technical Services, Ltd. Agricultural Credit in Dominica. Report to the Government of Dominica Commissioned by the Overseas Development Administration. Borehamwood, Eng., 1971. [CDB]

1437. "Information about Grand Bay." Proceedings, WIAEC, llth (1976):43-45.

Discusses social and economic problems on an estate acquired by Dominica's Land Management Authority in 1974.

1438. LANG, D.M. Soil and Land Use Surveys, No. 21: Dominica. St. Augustine, Trinidad: Regional Research Centre, UWI, 1967. Pp. 59. [ISER]

1439 ----- Soil Technical Data Sheets for Dominica to Accompany the Soil Map at 1:25,000. Miscellaneous Report No. 138. Tolworth, Surrey, Eng.: Land Resources Division, Overseas Development Administration, 1972. [BDD]

1440. et al. Report on a Short Term Visit to Dominica by a Team from Land Resources Division arid Proposals for a Land Use Plan. Miscellaneous Report No. 96. Tolworth, Surrey, Eng.: Land Resources Division, Over­ seas Development Administration, 1970. [BDD]

1441. McCONAGHY, S. "The Soils of Dominica." Proceedings, WIAEC, 5th (1970): 27-32.

1442. MacKENZIE, Alasdair F. Dominica--Livestock and Pasturage Improvement Scheme. Roseau, 1968. [BDD]

1443. MacOWAN, K.D.S. "Notes on a Visit to Dominica by the Animal Health Advisor, 29th November, 1965 to 1st December, 1965." London, 1966. (BDD]

1444. MARIE, McCarty John-Baptiste. "Diversification of the Agricultural Sector of Dominica." M.Sc. Thesis, UWI, St. Augustine, 1976.

Examines the reasons for the dominant role of bananas in Dominica and recommends a strategy and specific policies for diversifying agricultural production. Diversification is regarded as necessary because of un­ certainties regarding the future of its protected market for bananas in the U.K.

1445. MAXIMEA, C. "The Development of Forestry in Dominica." In Dies Dominica. Roseau, Dominica: Government Printery, 1972.

1446 ----- and ROBINSON, J. "Conversion of Forest Lands into Agriculture." Proceedings, WIAEC, 5th (1970):12-16. 1447. MILTON, John, and WHITE, Char. "The Urgent Need for Effective Conservation on Dominica." Caribbean Conservation Association Environmental News­ letter 1 (July 1970):23-25.

1448. MULK, S.M. Ikhtiarul. National Accounts of Dominica with Supporting Economic Accounts of the Institutional Sectors for 1971 and 1973. Roseau, 1976.

1449. MYERS, Robert Amory. "I Love My Home Bad, But . . . : The Historical and Contemporary Contexts of Migration in Dominica, West Indies." Ph.D. Dissertation, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. 1976. Pp. 518. [DAI 38 (August 1977):881A; Order No. 77-17,474]

After a historical introduction, emphasis is given to the exodus to England during 1955-62, and to St. Maarten, St. Thomas, the United States, and Canada (under ever-tightening immigration restrictions) since 1962. A study of a lower-class, urban-fringe community found that migration had little effect on the lives of most returned migrants. Push-pull migration models are found to be only "partially helpful" in explaining emigration.

1450. NESTEL, Barry. Economic Development in the Easterm Caribbean Islands: Dominica. Series 1--Livestock Development. Cave Hill, Barbados: ISER, UWI, 1964. [BDD]

1451. OWEN, Nancy Hammack. "Land and Politics in a Carib Indian Community: A Study of Ethnicity." Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Massachusetts, 1974. Pp. 241. [DAI 35 (March 1975):5593-5594-A; Order No. 75-5781]

This study was conducted in Dominica, where the Caribs are among the poorest and least educated residents but have free access to 3,700 acres of land. An informal political organization exists primarily to protect access to this land both from outside encroachment and from a change in government policy.

1452. PRESSLER, Charles. "Economic Prospects for the Setting up of Cooperative Organization to Deal Effectively with the Processing and Marketing of Bay Oil." A riculutral Symposium 1967. Roseau, Dominica: Government Printery, 1968. [CDB]

1453. PREVOST, Norris, and YANKEY, Bernard. "A Preliminary Investigation into the Availability of Labour in the Agricultural Sector of Dominica." Proceedings, WIAEC, 5th (1970):17-21.

1454. RAY, R.G. Six Forestry Industries in the Tropics--No. 1: Dominica. Ottawa, Canada: Directorate of Program Co-Ordination. 1971. Pp. 22.

1455. Resources Management Consultants Ltd. The Banana Industry of Dominica: Its Problems and Opportunities. Toronto, Canada, October 1971. Pp. 201. [CIDA/B]

The Dominica Banana Growers Association was incurring serious financial losses because of poor control and excessive wastes associated with the complete conversion from stemmed fruit delivery to boxed delivery. 151

Extensive hurricane damage in August 1970 aggravated the problem. The consultants recommend a program to rescue the industry from its depressed state.

1456. ----. A Management Study of the Dominica Agricultural Marketing Board. Toronto, Canada, December 1975.

1457. ----. A Proposal for a Program of Assistance in the Establishment and Implementation of Operational and Financial Systems of Dominica Land Management Authority. Toronto. Canada, November 1973. Pp. 7+Appendix. [CIDA/B]

1458. RIVIERE, F.Osborne. "Economic Prospects for Processing including Canning for the Domestic and Foreign Markets." Agricultural Symposium 1967. Roseau, Dominica: Government Printery, 1968. [CDB]

1459. RIVIERE, R.E., and YANKEY, J. Bernard. "A Comparative Study of Two Rural Farming Communities--The Social Dimension." Proceedings, WIAEC, (1970): 53-64.

1460. ROBINSON, J., and SORHAINDO, C.A. "Taxation as a Means to Promote Effective Use of Land for Agricultural Production in Dominica." A ri cultural Symposium 1967. Roseau, Dominica: Government Printery, 1968. [CDB]

1461. ROMNEY, D.H. Report on the Coconut Industry of Dominica. Bridgetown, Barbados: BDD, 1969. [BDD; CDB] 1462. RUSSEL, J. "Economics of Clearing Tropical Rain Forest in Dominica." World Crops 25 (November/December 1973):317-318.

A preliminary evaluation of alternative methods of land clearing.

1463. "The Effect of Commercial Timber Extraction in Regions of Tropical Rain Forests in Dominica." World Crops 26 (May/June 1974):134-135.

"If the areas cleared are replanted with a forestry crop or are allowed to regenerate naturally, it seems unlikely that significant erosion will take place. Furhter observation and experimental work needs to be under­ taken before it is concluded that agricultural development will not cause large-scale significant erosion after a period of years" [RUSSEL].

1464. . "Survey of Melville Hall Leasehold Settlement Scheme." Proceedings, WIAEC, llth (1976).

An assessment of Dominica's only leasehold settlement scheme, based on a survey of 18 of the 20 farmers involved. Although 12 farmers reported that they liked the leasehold system, 14 favored a change, with 13 pre­ ferring freehold and 1 opting for a cooperative form of tenure. Most farmers reported dissatisfaction with the amount of credit available to them.

1465. SHILLINGFORD, John D. "The Economics of Feeding Bananas and Coconut Meal for Pork Production in Dominica, West Indies." Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad) 48 (April 1971):103-110. 152

"The experiment compared the use of an imported commercial pig grower's ration, with or without green bananas, with a coconut-meal (CNM)/fish­ meal (FM) mixture with green or ripe bananas. The commercial ration alone produced faster live-weight gain (LWG), but the CNM+FM with ripe bananas produced a leaner, more acceptable, carcass and greater profits under present price conditions" [SHILLINGFORDI.

1466. . "The Major Agricultural Land Types in Dominica, W.I. and Their Potential for Development." Cornell International Agricultural Mono­ graph No. 36. Ithaca, N.Y.: Department of Agricultural Economics, Cornell University, 1972. [AID Ref.: DO 333.76 S5556]

1467. "A Survey of the Institutions Serving Agriculture in the Island of Dominica, W.I." Cornell International Agricultural Development Mono­ graph No. 35. Ithaca, N.Y.: Department of Agricultural Economics, Cornell University, 1972. Pp. 26. [AID Ref.: DO 630.972841 S556]

"The institutions serving agriculture in Dominica are a critical factor in the productivity of this sector. Six of these institutions are par­ ticularly important. They are (1) land tenure and the plantation system, (2) commodity associations, (3) marketing, (4) agricultural credit, (5) research and extension and (6) the Caribbean Free Trade Association. The tenure system is dominantly freehold. There are large estates and many intermingled small farms typical of a plantation system. The estates pro­ duce primarily export crops and the small farms produce for both local comsumption and export. On the basis of available land, small farms in Dominica are more productive than large farms" [CAB/ABS].

1468. SMITH, G.W. The Irrigation Needs of Dominica, W.I. St. Augustine, Trinidad: RRC, UWI, 1961. [ISER]

1469. "Some Comparisons of Melville Hall, Castle Bruce and Grand Bay." Pro­ ceedings, WIAEC, llth (1976):71-73.

Comparison of survey findings in 3 settlement projects in Dominica.

1470. TAYLOR, K.D. The Rat Problem in Dominica. London: Ministry of Agri­ culture, 1965. [BDD]

1471. United Kingdom. Ministry of Overseas Development. British Development Division in the Caribbean. Agricultural Statistics--Dominica. Bridge­ town, Barbados, 1970. [BDD]

1472 ------Dominica: Current Situation and Prospects. Bridgetown, Barbados, 1969. [BDD]

1473. ----. Tropical Products Institute. A Report to the FAO of the UN on the Feasibility of Producing Coir Fibre on an Industrial Scale in Dominica. London, 1967. [BDD]

1474. VIDAEUS, Lars. An Inventory of the Dominica Fishing Industry. Bridgetown, Barbados: UNDP, 1971. [BDDI 2.53

1475. WATTY, W.R.F., and YANKEY, J. Bernard. "A Small Agricultural Economy in CARIFTA: A Case Study of Dominica, West Indies." Proceedings, WIAEC, 4th (1969):114-120.

The authors argue that the CARIFTA agreement discriminates against the smaller, poorer islands like Dominica. Concern is expressed about the lack of good intra-regional transport. Prospects for various crops are evaluated.

1476. WELCH, Barbara. "Population Density and Emigration in Dominica." Geo­ graphical Journal 134 (June 1968):227-235.

Notes that relatively little land is available for sale to peasant farmers at attractive prices. The processes of alienating Crown land, it is noted,are lengthy, and policy has been to proceed at a moderate pace. Labor shortages are said to coexist with relatively high unemployment and underemployment.

1477. West Indies (Associated States). Dominica Development Proposals. Port­ of-Spain, Trinidad, 1960. [ISER]

1478. WHITE, C., and MILTON, J. "The Urgent Need for Effective Conservation on Dominica." IUCN Bulletin (International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) 2 (July/September 1969):93, 98. [NAL: 279.9 IN84B]

1479. WHITE, Michael G. "The Dominica Banana Industry: An Economic Hazard." Proceedings, WIAEC, 2nd (1967):56-70.

Discusses the pros and cons of dependence on a single export crop, for which a private firm has organized marketing arrangements that are attrac­ tive to small farmers. The author favors diversification but notes that "small farmers are not to be expected to change their crops and agricul­ tural norms unless they can visualize definite prospects of a far wider margin of profit and self-sufficiency arising from the change.. . . As long as the marketing arrangements for other crops remain comparatively rudimentary, banana's position will be maintained."

1480 . "The Introduction and Development of New Crops in Dominica." Proceedings, WIAEC, 5th (1970):24-26.

1481. "Some of the Leading Issues Involved in the Promotion of a Domestic Market for Food Crops." Agricultural Symposium 1967. Roseau, Dominica: Government Printery, 1968. [CDB]

1482. . "Survey of Castle Bruce Cooperative Project." Proceedings, WIAEC, llth (1976):54-61.

Survey of farmers on an estate taken over by the Government of Dominica in 1972. Since this study is based on a group interview of 10 (randomly selected) Cooperative members (out of 93), the findings are somewhat impressionistic. It is reported that none of the Cooperative members is interested in farming the land under either freehold or leasehold arrangements. The author argues that it is too early to tell if the project will be successful. 154

1483. WILES, D.W. Report on the Fisheries of Dominica. Bridgetown, 1963. [BDD]

1484. WILLIAMS, A.N. Interim Report of the Evaluation of the Castle Bruce Farmers' Cooierative. Roseau, Dominica?, n.d.

1485. WILLIAMS, R.L. The Industrual Development of Dominica. Mona, Jamaica: ISER, UWI, 1971.

Describes manufacturing activity in Dominica and its principal problems. The author advocates additional processing of agricultural and forestry products and greater use of traditional labor-force skills.

1486. YANKEY, J. Bernard. "Bay Leaf Oil and Production in Dominica." A ricul­ tural Symposium 1967. Roseau, Dominica: Government Printery, 1968. CDB]

1487. "An Economic Analysis of a Domestic Market Situation for Root Crops in Dominica and the Scope for Expansion of Domestic Trade with Respect to these Commodities." Agricultural Symposium 1967. Roseau, Dominica: Government Printery, 1968. [CDB]

1488. ----- Economic Data on the Citrus Industry of Dominica. Agricultural Economics Bulletin No. 2. Roseau, Dominica, 1969. [CDB]

1489. ----. "An Effecient Approach to the Process of Agricultural Development in the West Indies with Particular Reference to Dominica." Proceedings, WIAEC, 1st (1966):18-25.

Agricultural modernization, it is argued, requires (1) guaranteed mar­ kets, (2) available information at the farm level on new and/or improved techniques, (3) incentives through fiscal policy, and (4) adequate transport. In addition, it is said, reforms are needed in land tenure and other aspects of the agrarian structure.

1490. "The Experience of Agriculture and the Rural Sector in Economic Development (with Special Reference to Dominica)." Proceedings, WIAEC, 9th (1974) :23-31.

"A reorganization of the structure and system of agriculture is essen­ tial if young people are to continue to be attracted to farming. Land management projects are needed which emphasize economic size of farms, infrastructure, shoice of tenant, secure tenant arrangements and farmer training, among other things.. . . It is concluded that agriculture in a small LDC like Dominica will not be dynamic enough in the decades ahead to absorb a growing rural labour force and is limited in urban­ ization possibilities. The issue to be faced in the coming years will not be one of prices but of whether food is available or not" [CAB/ ABS: 530736].

1491. ----- Growing Coconuts. Roseau: Division of Agriculture, Dominica, 1970. [BDD]

1492. ----- Model of Production Costs and Returns Analysis for an Intercropping System Comprising the Dominant Cro--Coconut--and the Intercrop--Banana. Agricultural Economics Bulletin No. 1. Roseau: Division of Agriculture, Dominica, 1972. [BDD] 155

1493. ----. Preliminary Study of Cost & Returns from Some Commerical Crops Produced in Dominica. Agricultural Economics Bulletin No. 1. Roseau: Division of Agriculture, Dominica, 1968. [BDD; CDB]

1494. ----- A Review of the Economic Prospects for Bay Leaf and Bay Oil Pro­ duction in Dominica. Roseau, Dominica, 1972. [CDB]

1495. ----- The Scope for Development of Food Processing Industry in Dominica. Roseau, Dominica: Division of Agriculture, 1969. [CDB]

1496. ----. "A Study of the Situation in Agriculture and the Problems of Small Scale Farming in Dominica, West Indies." Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1969. Pp. 278. [NAL: HD1855.7 Z9 D6; DAI 30 (July 1969):35-36-A; Order No. 69-4443]

Describes the agricultural sector as dualistic, comprising both small­ scale and estate farming. Unfavorable export prices have resulted in the abandonment of some estate lands and increased absentee ownership. A large proportion of the best quality estate lands is reported to be unutilized or underutilized. Small farmers turned increasingly to bananas after a favorable long-term contract with Britain was signed in 1949. Inheritance practices and the scarcity of good public land, it is noted, are likely to result in greater land fragmentation.

1497. ----- A Twelve Month Period Study of the Performance of the Traditional Urban Domestic Market in Dominica. Bridgetown, Barbados: CDB, 1974. [TDB]

See also References No. 134, 164, 187, 281, 294, 395, 469, 494, 511, 609, 627, 645, 649, 683, 687, 688, 694, 699, 711. 156

GRENADA

1498. ABUZEID, M.O. "Studies on the Land Use Potential of Two of the Major Soil Types of Grenada, Capitol Clay Loam, and Perseverance Clay." AICTA Thesis, UWI, St. Augustine, 1971.

1499. ALEXIS, A. "The Economics and Economic Geography of Small Scale Farming in Carriacou." B.A. Thesis (Geography), UWI, Mona, Jamaica, 1976.

1500. BAIN, W. "Sources of Agricultural Information Used by Farmers on the Island of Grenada." M.Sc. Thesis, University of Michigan, 1968.

1501. BALI, J.S. Soil and Water Conservation in Grenada. A Report of the On­ going "Watershed Management Unit" Project of the UNTDP-FAO in Grenada. St. George's, Grenada: Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, July 1976. Pp. 12. [USAID/B]

The author notes that increased food crop production has made the country more susceptible to soil erosion. Objectives of the UNDP-FAO program are discussed.

1502. BANFIELD, Roy. "The Role of Agriculture in the ." Proceedings, WIAEC, 7th (1972): 133-154.

Argues that agriculture should be diversified, with more emphasis on intensive crops. Summarizes data from the 1946 and 1961 agricultural censuses. Describes government policies and programs.

1503. BARROW, Ronald W. Report on the Survey of Spray Programme Used against Cacao-Beetle in Grenada. Centeno: Central Experiment Station, 1965. [BDD ]

1504. BELL, G.S. "Report on Visit of Forestry Advisor to Grenada, June 30th- July 2nd (1975)." St. George's, Grenada: 1975.

1505. BENNETT, Fred D. "An Assessment of the Damage Caused by Diatraea spp. in Grenada, April 1961." Technical Bulletin of the Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control 2 (1962): 87-100.

1506. BETHKE, S. Report to the Government of Grenada on Agricultural Marketing Improvement Policy. Report No. TA-2357. Rome: FAO, 1967.

1507. BRIERLEY, John S. "Domestic Food Crop Production and Marketing, Grenada, West Indies." M.A. Thesis, University of Alberta, Edmonton, 1968.

1508. --. "Fragmentation of Holdings: A Study of Small Farms in Grenada." Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad) 55 (April 1978): 135-140. 157'

"This paper examines the nature of farm fragmentation and its impact upon land use patterns that occur on a West Indian island. Individual fragments are analysed with respect to their size, area cultivated, tenure and distance from the farmer's residence, with indices of vegetable and tree crop occurrence denoting specific land use charateristics. The results reveal that there is little economic or agricultural justification for the degree of fragmentation that exists" (Author's abstract). 1509. ----. "Small Farming in Grenada: An Investigation of Its Nature and Structure." Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Edinburgh, 19?2. Pp. 376. 1510. ----. Small Farming in Grenada, West Indies. Manitoba Geographical Studies No. 4 Winnipeg: Department of Geography, University of Manitoba, 1974. Pp. xv + 308. [NAL: S477.G7.B7; SAIG]

Divides small farmers into 4 categories (non-commercial, semi-commercial, commercial, and miniature-estate operators) and provides a wealth of socio-economic information by category and by parish. A great deal of detail is also provided on farm size, land use, fertilizer use, and sources of agricultural information. The analytical parts of the study, including a factor-analysis exercise, are often weak, and the author makes some questionable interpretations of the relationship between social­ cultural variables and farm activity. 1511. CAMPBELL, Lewis G. Sugar Cane Production in Grenada: A Report on Improve­ ments on Method of Production. St. Augustine, Trinidad: DAEFM, UWI, 1964. [ISER] 1512. Caribbean Food and Nutrition Institute. La Poterie Nutrition Survey, 1972, Grenada, W.I. St. Augustine, Trinidad, 1972. [CDB]

1513. CLARK, Wendell P. A Report to the Government of Grenada on Opportunities for Development in Forest Industries. St. George's, Grenada: UNIDO, 18 November 1976. Pp. 20 + Annexes. [USAID/B] 1514. CROMWELL, L.D.G. Cocoa Crop and Weather Report during the Period 1965­ 1970. St. George's: Grenada Cocoa Association, 1970. [CDB]

1515. CRUICKSHANK, Arnold M. "Cocoa in Grenada." Journal of the Agricultural Society of Trinidad and Tobago 70 (December 1970): 401-411. Also in Cocoa Growers Bulletin 15 (Summer 1970): 4-11.

Discusses the organization of the industry, its problems, and prospects. 1516. ----. The Cultivation of Nutmeg, with Special Reference to Marcots. Exten­ sion Bulletin, St. George's: Department of Agriculture, 1964.

1517. ----. "Some Aspects of the Nutmeg Investigation Programme in Grenada." In Proceedings of the Conference on Spices, 1972. London: Tropical Products Institute, 1973. Pp. 105-111. [NAL: SB305 C6 1972]

1518. CUMBERBATCH, E.R. St. J. Sectoral Task Force on Agriculture and Agro Industry for the Caribbean Sub-region: Grenada. Bridgetown, Barbados, 1976. [CDB ] ' 158

1519. DONELAN, A., and NOEL, D. "Approaches to Developing Vegetable and Food Crop Farming in Grenada." Proceedings, CFCS, 6th (1968): 154-156.

1520. DURQNAT, P.A. "Development of Grand Etang Forest Reserve, Grenada." Re­ port of Visit of 4.12.74. St. George's, Grenada, 1974.

1521. EPPLE, George. "Group Dynamics and the Development of a Fish-Marketing Co-operative: The La Baye Fishermen-Townsmen of Grenada, West Indies." Ph.D. Dissertation, Brandeis University, Waltham, Mass., 1973. Pp. 565. [DAI 30 (January 1974): 3059-3060-B; Order No. 73-32,377]

This study of one of the relatively few successful fishing cooperatives in the Caribbean develops a model to describe "the relationship between probable responses to introduce co-operatives and specific features of the social structure of the local community" [DAI]

1522. EVERARD, C.O.R.; MURRAY, D.; and GILBERT, P.K. "Rabies in Grenada." Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 66 (1972): 878-888. [NAL: 448.9 R813]

1523. FERGUSON, Theodore U. "Potential for Increasing Agricultural Production in Grenada." In Independence for Grenada--Myth or Reality. Proceedings of a Conference on the Implications of Independence for Grenada sponsored by the Institute of International Relations and the Department of Govern­ ment, UWI, St. Augustine, Trinidad, 11-13 January 1974. Pp. 95-98.

1524. FLETCHER, L.P. "The Decline of Friendly Societies in Grenada: Some Econ­ omic Aspects." Caribbean Studies 12 (1972): 99-111.

Argues that the decline in mutual-aid societies in Grenada "was mainly the result of inappropriate responses . . . to inflationary conditions and rising real wages." Argues that more constructive government intervention is required to preserve the societies.

1525. Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations. Report to the Government of Grenada on Marketing Improvement Policies. Report No. TA 2833. Rome: FAO, 1970. LBDDJ

1526. FRANCIS, Charles H. "Land Use in Grenada as a Basis for Agricultural Development Planning." Paper presented at the LRD course in land use training. St. Augustine, Trinidad: DAEFM,UWI, September 1974. Pp. 10. [SAIG]

Indicates distribution of land in Grenada by slope and land capability class.

1527. ----."Recommended Land Use Pattern by Region in Grenada." St. George's: Ministry of Agriculture, n.d.

1528. FRANCIS, Charles H. The Soils and Land Use of Carriacou and Petit Martinique. St. George's, Grenada, 197?.

1529. Grenada. Annual Overseas Trade Report.

1530. ----. Development Plan, 1964-1966. St. George's, 1964. [BDD; ISER] 159

1531. ----. Five-Year Development Plan, 1964-1968. St. George's, 1964.

1532. -. Five-Year Development Plan, 1967-1971. A Long-Term Development Programme for Grenada, Based Mainly on the Grenada Development Plan, 1964­ 1968, which Has Been Suitably Revised and Amended. St. George's, 1966. [BDD; ISER]

1533. ----. Commission Appointed . . . to Enquire into the Affairs of the Grenada Co-Operative Nutmeg Association, 1971. Report. St. George's, 1971. Pp. 26 + Tables. [ISER; CARDI]

1534. ----. Commission of Enquiry . . . to Make Recommendations for the Sugar Industry. Report. Cave Hill, Barbados: ISER, UWI, 1970. [ISER]

1535. .Ministry of Agriculture. Programme for the Resuscitation of the Cane Industry in Grenada. St. George's, 1975. [CDB]

1536. -- •- . Report on the State of the Coconut Industry in Grenada. St. George's, September 1974.

1537. ----. Prime Minister's Office. Planning, Development and Training. Pro­ file of Agricultural Projects, 1977-1981. St. George's, August 1976.

1538. ----. United Nations Physical Planning Unit;* and Grenada. Ministry of Communications and Works. Grenada: Proposed Physical Area Development Strategy, 1977-1990. St. George's, June 1977. Pp. 87 + Appendices. [SAIG]

A brief survey of the various sectors of the economy and of the coun­ try's infrastructure, and a proposed implementation strategy for infra­ structure projects.

*As of 1 July 1977 this document had not yet been cleared by the U.N. Office of Technical Co-operation. Until approved, it should not be re­ garded as reflecting the views of the U.N.

1539. Grenada Banana Co-operative Society. [Agreement (Contract) with Geest Industries Ltd. et al.]. [t. George's, Grenada] , 29 March 1977. Pp. 47. [USAID/B]

Text of the export marketing agreement with Geest Industries.

1540. HALKON, W.S. "Transport and Storage Experiments with Avocado Pears from Grenada." D.T.A. Report, UWI, St. Augustine, Trinidad, 1969. Pp. iv. + 48 + illustrations.

1541. HAREWOOD, Jack. "Employment in Grenada in 1960." Social and Economic Studies 15 (September 1966): 203-238.

Notes that the economically active population declined between 1946 and 1960 despite a significant increase in the adult population. Rates of long-term, short-term, and under-employment increased from 2-3 percent to 7.8, 7.9, and 6.7 percent, respectively. IOU

1542. HUNT, D.J. "The Plant Parasitic Nematodes of Grenada. Castries, St. Lucia: WINBAN, 30 July 1976. [BDD1

1543. LEWIS, J.W.E. Development of the Grand Etang Forest Reserve. St. George's, Grenada: Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries, 1971. Pp. 5. [USAID/B]

Recommends that earlier activities in reforestation and tree crops be supplemented by agricultural and horticultural activities. The proposed project would require US$64,000 in recurrent expenditures and US$170,000 in capital outlays in 1971.

1544. McINTOSH, Curtis E., and OSUJI, T.O. "Economic Aspects of Food Production in Grenada." In Independence for Grenada--Myth or Reality? Proceedings of a Conference on the Implications of Independence for Grenada sponsored by the Institute of International Relations and the Department of Government, U.W.I., St. Augustine, Trinidad, 11-13 January 1974. Pp. 99-104. [CARDI]

Proposed an alternative strategy of agricultural development "which allows fo- Grenadians better returns in terms of higher incomes with more equitable distribution, more employment opportunities, abundant food supplies, less inflation, and a more desirable balance of payments, than are at present evident." The strategy emphasizes greater local food production, more local processing, and more efficient marketing. Agri­ cultural land, it is said, should be redistributed.

1545. ---- et al. "Economics of Supplementary Feeding of Grazed Sheep with Ground Cottonseed." Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad) 53 (April 1976): 97-103.

Based on research in Carriacou (Grenada).

1546. MaCOWAN, K.D.S. "Notes on a Visit to Grenada by the Animal Health Advisor." St. George's, 1966. [BDD]

1547. MARK, Rouiolph. "A Case of Land Reform in Grenada." Proceedings, WIAEC, 7th (1972): 155-157.

"Records of crop production and revenue from 4 acres of scrub land in Grenada over the past 15 years show great promise for a properly planned land reform program." The author suggests a land-use scheme for 5­ acre farms devoted mainly to tre crops. By the end of the tenth year of the proposed program, net farm income is estimated to be EC$1,700 annually. It is not clear if the author has in mind land redistribution or land settlement.

1548. MASON, S. Conrad. "Appropriate Technology in the Development of Agro-Based Industries in Grenada." A paper presented at the Second Regional Science and Technology Seminar, Trinidad, January 1976. Excerpted in Extension Newsletter (UWI, St. Augustine) 9 (June 1978): 16-17.

1549. MATHER, J.D. Report on the Groundwater Resources of Carriacou, Grenadines. London: Institute of Geological Sciences, 1971. [BDD] 1550. MAYERS, John M. The Nutmeg Industry of Grenada. Mona, Jamaica: ISER, UWI, 1974. Pp. 50. [SAIGI

Historical analysis of the production and marketing of nutmeg and its role in the economy of Grenada. Also evaluates the activities of the Grenada Co-operative Nutmeg Association.

1551. [MENZ, J.A. and LEWIS, J.W.E.]. "A Reconnaisance Level Analysis of the Economic Feasibility Relating to the Multiple-Use Development of the Grand Etang Forest Reserve, Grenada." St. George's, Grenada, 16 December 1974. Pp. 3 + tables. [USAID/B]

Briefly describes the project. A benefit-cost ratio of 2.7:1 was cal­ culated, but this is based on a 6% discount rate, which is too low.

1552. NICHOLS, R., and CRUICKSHANK, A.M. "Vegetative Propagation of Nutmeg (Myristica Fragrans) in Grenada, West Indies." Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad) 41 (April 1964): 141-146.

Describes methods of marcotting and approach-grafting used in Grenada. The approach-grafting technique is believed to be superior.

1553. NOEL, Denis S.O. "Potentials for Intra-Regional Trade in Grenada Bananas." Proceedings, WIAEC, 10th (1975): Vol. II, Pp. 91-101.

Increased intra-regional export possibilities for Grenada's bananas, it is said, must be considered as part of a general problem also involving other regional producers. Argues that consideration should be given to banana processing and to the exploitation of non-CARICOM markets in the Caribbean.

1554. ---­ , and MARECHEAU, G.I. "A Strategy for Development of Small-Scale Farming in the Commonwealth Caribbean with Special Reference to Grenada." Proceedings, WIAEC, 5th (1970): 162-164.

1555. Organization of American States. Inter-American Economic and Social Council. Economic Study of Grenada. Document No. OEA/Ser. H/XIV, CEPCIES/249. Washington, D.C., 19 September 1977. Pp. Irregular. [USAID/B]

Describes recent macroeconomic trends, highlighting the 25% decline in real GDP estimated to have occurred between 1970 and 1976. The tax struc­ ture is said to be very income-inelastic. Potential projects are identi­ fied and evaluated in the light of absorptive capacity constraints.

1556. PERSAUD, Bishnodat. Grenada's Agricultural Problems and Proposals for Development 1969-1973. Cave Hill, Barbados: ISER, UWI, December 1968. Pp. 97. tUSAID/B]

A brief review of the agricultural sector and recommendations for 23 projects, costing a total of EC$4.2 million, for implementation during 1969-73.

1557. ---- , and LAWAND, T.A. Preliminary Report on the Possibility of Expanding the Production of Nutmeg Jam, Jelly and Candy in Grenada. Cave Hill, Barbados: UWI, 1966. [BDD] 1558. PHILLIPS, Winston J. "The Major Export Crops of Grenada--Market Factors and Their Implications for Production." M.Sc. Thesis, UWI, St. August­ ine, 1967. [BDD]

Poor export performance of cocoa, nutmegs and mace, and bananas was largely responsible for Grenada's slow rate of economic growth in the early 1960s. Though international markets were weak, the author argued that Grenada could increase its exports by lowering production costs.

1559. ----. "Market Prospects for Grenada's Major Export Crops." In Independence for Grenada--Myth or Reality? Proceedings of a Conference on the Impli­ cations of Independence for Grenada sponsored by the Institute of Inter­ national Relations and the Department of Government, UWI, St. Augustine, Trinidad, 11-13 January 1974. Pp. 105-117.

1560. REGIS, Veronica. "An Economic Assessment of an Alternate Marketing Stra­ tegy for Grenada Nutmegs." M.Sc. Thesis, UWI, St. Augustine, 1975.

The suggested new strategy involves selling only sound nutmegs in their raw state and processing poor quality nutmegs as nutmeg oil and nutmeg butter. The author concludes that this strategy would provide higher re­ turns to farmers than the existing strategy of selling all nutmegs in their raw state.

1561. RENWICK, R. "Production and Exports of Nutmegs for Grenada." Report of the Seminar on the Promotion of Non-Traditional Agricultural Crops from the CARIFTA/CARICOM Member States to Extra-Regional Markets. N.p.: UNCTAD/ GATT, 1974.

1562. REUSSE, Eberhard. Report to the Government of Grenada on Marketing Im­ provement Policies. Report No. TA-2833. Rome: FAO, 1970, Pp. v + 34.

1563. RICHARDSON, Bonham C. "Labor Migrants from the Island of Carriacou: Workers on the Margins of the Developed World." Proceedings of the Asso­ ciation of American Geographers 6 (1974): 149-152.

1564. ----. "The Overdevelopment of Carriacou." Geographical Review 65 (July 1975): 390-399.

Discusses drought, soil erosion, employment and labor migration, and crop and livestock activity. Per capita remittances from abroad were estimated to be at least US$92 in 1972 (based on funds channeled through Barclay's Bank or received as postal money orders).

1565. ROMNEY, D.H. Report of the Coconut Industry of Grenada. Bridgetown, Barbados: BDD, 1969. [BDD; CDB ]

1566. SAMMY, George M. "Agro-Industries: Prospects for Grenada. In Independence for Grenada--Myth or Reality? Proceedings of a Conference on the Impli­ cations of Independence for Grenada sponsored by the Institute of Inter­ national Relations and the Department of Government, ]WI, St. Augustine, Trinidad, 11-13 January 1974. 1567. SINGH, N.D. "A Survey of Red Ring Disease of Coconut Palm in Grenada, West Indies (Rhadina phelenchus cocophilus, Rhyncophorus palmarum)." Plant Disease Reporter 56 (April 1972): 339-341. [NAL: 1.9 P69P]

1568. SINGH, R.D. Surveys of Red-ring Disease in Grenada. St. Augustine, Trinidad: UWI, 1970.

1569. SMITH, G.W. The Irrigation Needs of Grenada, W.I. St.. Augustine, Trin­ idad: RRC, ICTA, 1961. [ISER]

1570. South Korean Fishery Survey Team. Report of Survey of the Fishery Potential in the Grenada Waters, January 1976 - September 1976. St. George's, 1976.

1571. SOUTHWELL, G.A. "Agricultural Extension in Grenada." Agricultural Progress (Shrewsbury) 44 (1969): 146-151. [NAL: 10 AG86] 1572. ----. "Socio-economic Factcr- Affecting Extension Education among Farmers in Grenada, West Indies.'" M.Sc. Thesis, University of Reading, 1971.

1573. TAYLOR, K.D. The Rat and Mongoose Problem in Grenada. London: Ministry of Agriculture, 1965. [BDD]

1574. THOMPSON, A.K. "The Storage of Mango Fruits." Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad) 48 (January 1971): 63-70.

Twelve experiments were conducted on mangoes shipped from Grenada to Trinidad to determine optimum storage conditions. Research results are reported.

1575. ----. "Transport of West Indian Mango Fruits." Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad) 48 (January 1971): 71-77

"Transport of mango fruits by sea and air from Trinidad to London and Toronto, and by sea from Grenada to Trinidad was investigated. Several factors influencing the transportability of the fruits were studied including cultivar, wrapping method and stage of maturity at harvest. All methods proved acceptable, though evidence of physiological disorders occurred in fruits in polyethylene bags after prolonged storage. The costs of different methods of transporting fruits are presented and some estimates given of their economic viability" [THOMPSON].

1576. TOBIAS, Peter Michael. "How You Gonna Keep 'em Down in the Tropics once They've Dreamed New York?: Some Aspects of Grenadian Migration." Ph.D. Dissertation, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 1975. Pp. 240. [DAI 36 (October 1975): 2300-A; Order No. 75-22,073]

This anthropological study argues that migration from Grenada is not adequately explained by economic models emphasizing "push" and "pull" factors. The author finds that migrants generally seek or obtain little factual information on the relative advantages of the locations to which they are drawn. Rather, facts about overseas destinations tend to be created and then tested through social interaction. 164

1577.* Trinidad and Tobago. Report of the Grenada Development Programme Com­ mission. Port-of-Spain, 1964.

1578. United Kingdom. British Information Services. Grenada. London: Central Office of Information, December 1973. Pp. 31. [NAL: Hcl57 G7 G74]

A brief description of the Grenada's history, political developments leading to independence, economic conditions, and social services.

1579. ----. Ministry of Overseas Development. British Development Division in the Caribbean. Grenada: Current Economic Situation and Prospects. Bridget)wn, Barbados, November 1970. Pp. 8 + Tables. [USAID/B]

Tourism is viewed as the principal source of future growth. Argues that both tourism and agriculture will become less competitive unless internally­ generated inflationary pressures are controlled.

1580. United Nations (?). "National Income Estimates of Grenada-- Sources and Methods." N.p., n.d.

1581. United Nations. Economic Commission for Latin America [UN-ECLA]. Office for the Caribbean. Agricultural Sector Plan for Grenada 1977-1981. 2 vols. Document No. ECLA/CARIB 77:3. [Port-of-Spain, Trinidad], 31 May 1977. [AID/W: LAC/DR/RD; SAIG] [RESTRICTED]

1582. University of the West Indies. Institute for Social and Economic Research. The Economic and Social Development of Grenada. Mona, Jamaica, 1968. [ISER]

1583. VERNON, K.C.; PAYNE, H.; and SPECTOR, J. Soil and Land Use Surveys, No. 9: Grenada. Trinidad: RRC, ICTA, 1959. [ISER]

1584. VIDAEUS, Lars. An Inventory of the Grenada Fishing Industry. Bridgetown, Barbados: UNDP, 1969. [BDD]

1585. WEST, David, and GOODING, Peter. Programme for Resuscitation of the Sugar­ cane Industry in Grenada. [ ?]:[?], 1976.

1586. Windward Islands Banana Growers Association [WINBAN] . Draft Report on Preliminary Survey of Cocoa Soils in Grenada. Castries, St. Lucia, January 1976. Pp. 7. [CIDA/B]

Based on samples from 15 cocoa plantations. Additional tests were to be conducted.

1587. ----. Report on Preliminary Survey of Cocoa Soils in Grenada (Parts I to III). [Castries, St. Lucia], February 1976. Pp. 26 + Appendices. [CARDI]

See also References No. 47, 48, 49, 51, 52, 53, 134, 164, 187, 330, 403, 494, 503, 511, 609, 623, 636, 645, 649, 681, 685, 694, 699, 711, 1879. MONTSERRAT

1588. BRATHWAITE, C.W.D. "Occurrence of Plant Parasitic Nematodes in Montserrat, West Indies." FAO Plant Protection Bulletin 22 (June 1974):69-71. [NAL: 421 P692]

"Plant parasitic nematodes have been found to be associated with all the economically important crops in Montserrat.. . . Species of these [identified] genera have been demonstrated to be pathogens of crop plants in other countries and consequently they may be contributing to poor crop yields in Montserrat" [A.T.A., May 1975].

1589. CARR, P.A. Water Resource Inventory at Soufriere Hills Area, Montserrat. Plymouth: Government of Montserrat, 1975.

1590. CASIMIR, Jean. Draft Report on Mobilization of Community Interest and Effort of Agricultural Development in Montserrat. Document No. POS/ INT/76/3. Port-of-Spain, Trinidad: ECLA, 1976. [CDB]

1591. Commonwealth Development Corporation. Montserrat--Agricultural Investi­ gation: Report on Investigations into the Possibility of Agricultural Development by CDC on (a) Land Owned by The Montserrat Co. Ltd. [and] (b) Other Land, Owned by or to be Acquired by Government. Bridgetown, Barbados, 1967.

1592. CRILL, Pat, and ARTHURTON, P.A.J. "The Economic Impact of Tomato Diseases in Montserrat." Plant Disease Reporter 56 (September 1976):817, 819. [NAL: 1.9 P69P; AID/W: LAC/DR/RD (Reprint)]

"A survey of commercial tomato fi elds on the Caribbean island of Mont­ serrat showed that, of the many diseases and pests observed, fruit diseases and root-knot nematodes caused the greatest yield loss" [CAB/ ABS].

1593. CUMBERBATCH, E.R.St. J. The Montserrat Agricultural Development Plan, 1975-1977: Recommendations on Using Mass Communication Techniques. [Bridgetown, Barbados: Canadian High Commission], October 1975. [CIDA/B]

Recommends the establishment of an Agricultural Information and Training Unit in the Ministry of Agriculture and the creation of a Training Centre. Proposes various types of training programs.

1594. FAULKNER, D.E. Report on Livestock Development in Montserrat. St. Augustine, Trinidad: Ministry of Natural Resources and Agriculture, 1962. [ISER]

1595. Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations. Land Tenure and Related Problems in Montserrat. Rome, 1966. PP. 7. 166

1596. FROST, D.B. "The Drag Coefficient over Agricultural Crops in Montserrat, West Indies." Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Birmingham, 1972. Pp. 263.

1597. GIBSON, I. Marketing and the Development of Marketing in Montserrat. Plymouth, Montserrat, 1970. [CDB]

1598. GUMBS, F.A. Report on Irrigation Proi ect Reconnaisance Survey: Montserrat. N.p., April 1977. Pp. 27. LCIDA/B]

Recommends that the major irrigated crops be Irish potatoes (40 acres) and tomatoes (20 acres), with secondary consideration to onions (10 acres). Sprinkler systems are recommended using water from ponds at the Gages/Lees estate.

1599. HAGUE, D.C. Some Aspects of Animal Disease Control and Livestock Production on Montserrat. Rome: FAO, 1966. [BDD]

1600. HALILOVIC, Ahmed. Leather Trade of Montserrat. Rome: FAO, January 1973. [BDD]

1601. HARDIE, J.D.M. Agricultural Pilot Rehabilitation Project: Table Hill Gordon: Summary of Survey Results and Recommendations for Planning. Plymouth, Montserrat, 1973. [CDB]

1602. Hunting Technical Services. Agricultural Credit in Montserrat. Report to the Government of Montserrat Commissioned by the Overseas Development Administration. Borehamwood, Eng., June 1971. [CDB]

1603. JAMES, W.P.T. The Nutritional State of Children in Montserrat: An Assessment of Existing Nutritional Practices and Suggested Improvements. London, 1972. [BDD]

1604. Keith Consulting Engineers Ltd. Proposed Surface and Ground Water Develop­ ment, Montserrat, B.W.I. Ottawa, Canada: External Aid Office, Govern­ ment of Canada, 1968.

1605. LANG, D.M. Soil and Land Use Surveys No. 22: Montserrat. St. Augustine, Trinidad: Regional Research Centre, UWI, 1967. [ISER]

1606. LOWENTHAL, David, and COMITAS, Lambros. "Emigration and Depopulation: Some Neglected Aspects of Population Geography." Geographical Review 52 (April 1962):195-210.

Briefly discusses general characteristics of population migrations and the impact of emigration on the lands of origin. Brief case studies are presented of the Greek island of Ithaca and the Caribbean island of Montserrat. Notes that remittances now account for nearly 25% of the national income [GNP?]; largely because of these cash receipts, living standards are said to be higher than ever before in living memory. Notes that falling population increases the per capita cost of social services. Two-thirds of the government's budget, it is noted, is provided by the U.K. and the (now defunct) West Indies federal government. -- 1

1607. MacOWAN, K.D.S. "Notes on a Visit to Montserrat, 25th-28th November 1965, by Animal Health Adviser." Plymouth, Montserrat, 1965. [BDD]

1608. MAYNE, J.E. Agricultural Development in Montserrat, W.I. Report on a visit to explore the possibilities of CDC participation with special reference to Cotton, Fresh Vegetables, Fruit and Livestock. London: Commonwealth Development Corporation, 1966. [BDD]

1609. MOMSEN (nge HENSHALL), Janet D. Report on Food Production in the Tourist Industry in Montserrat. Calgary, Alberta: University of Calgary, 1973. Pp. 56.

1610. Montserrat. Agricultural Census, 1972. (Unpublished.)

1611. ----. "Land Tenure and Related Problems in Montserrat." Country paper for the World Land Reform Conference, Rome, 1966. Document No. RU: WLR-C/66/13. Rome: FAO, 1966. PP. 7. [LTC]

1612. "Montserrat's Price Index as at 14th October, 1977." Plymouth, 1977.

1613. ----- Project Request: Request for a U.N.D.P. (Special Fund) Pilot Project in the Field of Improvement of Peasant Agriculture in the Caribbean. Plymouth, 1966. [CDB]

1614. ----. Chief Minister's Office. Development Plan 1966-1970. Plymouth: Advocate Commercial Printer, 1966. [BDD; ISER]

1615. . - .... A Five Year Development Plan, 1964-1968. Plymouth, [1963]. [ISER]

1616 - .----Development Finance and Marketing Corporation. Report and Accounts' (Annual).

1617. ----- Statistics Office. Statistical Digest (Annual).

1618. NESTEL, Barry. Economic Development in the Eastern Caribbean Islands: Montserrat. Series 1--Livestock Development. Cave Hill, Barbados: ISER, UWI, 1964. [BDDI

1619. O'LOUGHLIN, Carleen. "Economic Problems of the Smaller West Indies Islands." Social and Economic Studiec 11 (March 1962):44-56.

Concentrates on Montserrat. Argues that "the objective of financial viability as one of the targets of economic development becomes almost impossible given the limited land and labour resources. . . "

1620. "The Economy of Montserrat: A National Accounts Study." Social and Economic Studies 8 (June 1959):147-178.

Provides national accounts data for 1953-57 and discusses economic trends during that period. / 1621. PHILLS, John. "Marketing Problems of a Small Island." Proceedings, CFCS, ist (1963):29-30. 1622. PHILPOTT, Stuart B. "The Implications of Migration for Sending Societies: Some Theoretical Considerations." In Migration and Anthropology: Pro­ ceedings of the 1970 Annual Spring Meeting of the American Ethnological Society. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1970. Pp. 9-20.

1623. ----. "Mass Migration in Montserrat." Ph.D. Dissertation, University of London, 1971. Pp. 349.

1624. ----. "Remittance Obligations, Social Networks and Choice among Mont­ serratian Migrants in Britain." Man (n.s.) 3 (September 1968).

Argues that migration is "virtually the only avenue to increased wealth" for Montserrattians. An estimated 4,000 Montserrattians are in the U.K. The author finds that remittances tend to decline over time. No data on the volume of remittances are provided.

1625. ----- West Indian Migration: The Montserrat Case. London: Athlone Press, 1973. Pp. x+210. [U.S. Dept. State: JV7685 W4 P47]

1626. SHORT, A.G. "Report on Land Settlement in Montserrat, West Indies." Plymouth, Montserrat, 1970. [BDD]

1627. SHURCLIFFE, Alice W.; WELLEMEYER, John F.; and EDWARDS, Charlesworth. Manpower Surveys: Montserrat. Economic Development in the Eastern Caribbean Islands, Series No. 4. Cave Hill, Barbados: ISER, UWI, 1968. [USAID/B (draft)]

Because of lower emigration rates, the population was projected to rise from 12,200 in 1960 to 16,300 in 1975. Actual growth was much slower. Estimated unemployment rates were 15.3% in 1965 (up from 9.2% in 1960) but only 2.5% by 1975, with construction providing the greatest number of new jobs. Home building by retirees moving to Montserrat from abroad, and by foreigners wanting winter residences, was expected to be the dominant type of construction activity. The actual expansion in construction (and in population and employment) was slower than projected.

1628. SILVERSIDE, D. Report on Meat Preparation in Montserrat, 6-12 March 1974. London: Tropical Products Institute, 1974. [CDB]

1629. SMITH, G.W. The Irrigation Needs of Montserrat, West Indies. St. Augus­ tine, Trinidad: RRC, ICTA, 1960. [ISER]

1630. TWYFORD, I.T. "Banana Growing in Montserrat, W.I." Report on a visit to Montserrat from April 20th to May 2nd, 1973 inclusive. St. Augustine, Trinidad: UWI, 1973. [CDB]

1631. United Kingdom. Ministry of Overseas Development. British Development Division in the Caribbean. Montserrat: Current Economic Situation and Prospects. Bridgetown, Barbados, 1972. [BDD]

1632 ------Montserrat: Economic Survey and Projections. [Bridge­ town, Barbados, 1967]. [ISER] 1633. - ... . . Montserrat: Economic Survey and Projections. [Bridge­ town, Barbados, 1971] [ISER; BDD]

1634. University of the West Indies. Citrus Research Unit. The Development of the Lime Industry in Montserrat. St. Augustine, Trinidad, 1970. [BDD]

1635. UPTON, M. Limes in Montserrat: A Project Appraisal. Development Study No. 10. Reading: Department of Agricultural Economics and Management, University of Reading, 1971. Pp. 69.

Evaluates the benefit/cost conditions under which a revival of lime production would be economically justified.

1636. URE, J.S. "Report of Visit to Montserrat . . . from 20th to 29th March, 1968, in Connection with Government Sponsored Smallholder Land Settle­ ment Schemes." St. George's, Grenada(?), 1968. [BDD]

1637. VIDAEUS, Lars. An Inventory of the Montserrat Fishing Industry. Bridge­ town, Barbados: UNDP, 1970. [BDD]

1638. WALKER, S. Report on the Water Resources of Montserrat. Plymouth, Montserrat: Government of Montserrat, 1965.

1639. West Indies. Interim Commissioner for the West Indies. Report on Live­ stock Development in Montserrat. Port-of-Spain, Trinidad, 1962. [BDD]

1640. WILSON, M.J. Otway New Farms: Amersham Section: The Development of Irrigation. Plymouth, Montserrat, 1973. [BDD]

1641. and MADE, N. A Land Use Plan for Trants Estates, Montserrat. Plymouth, Montserrat, 1973. [BDD]

1642. , and .-.. Some Theoretical Costings on Crops in Montserrat. Ply- mouth: Department of Agriculture, 1972. Pp. 46. [CARDI; BDD]

Crops for which estimates are provided are tomatoes, carrots, sweet potatoes, onions, hot peppers, eggplant, cabbage, beans, pangola grass, oranges, bananas, mangoes, avocados, and pawpaws.

1643. WILSON, M.W., and MALONEY, S.A.W. Government Livestock Scheme, Mont­ serrat: Phase I--Brodericks Estate. Plymouth, Montserrat, Department of Agriculture, 1972. [BDD]

See also References No. 31, 34, 134, 164, 187, 294, 470, 548, 631, 649, 683, 685, 694, 698, 699, 711. ST. KITTS-NEVIS-(ANGUILLA)

1644. ARCHIBALD, M.A. "Some Aspects of the Possible Effects of Tourism on Agricultural Development in the State of St. Kitts-Nevis-Anguilla." Proceedings, WIAEC, 5th (1970):34-39.

1645. ASHCROFT, M.T. et al. "Growth of Infants and Preschool Children in St. Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla, West Indies." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 19 (1966):37-45.

1646. ATKINSON, R.E.H. Report to the Government of St. Christopher-Nevis- Anguilla, on Constraints to Agricultural Development in St. Kitts- Nevis. Report No. TA-3149. Rome: FAO, 1972. Pp. 15. [CDB]

"The present agriculturalsituation and its problems are described. Special attention has been paid to low-cost improvements in extension services" [A.T.A., April 1975].

1647. BARRINGTON, R.L.; CAMPBELL, L.G.; and RODRIGUES, W.J. Valuation of the Sugar Estates, May 1974. Basseterre, St. Kitts, 1974. [CDB]

1648. BENNETT, Fred D. "Progress Reports on Current Biological Control Projects in St. Kitts and Nevis, W.I." March, June and November 1967; "Report on a Visit to St. Kitts and Nevis, W.I." October 1968. Curepe, Trinidad: CIBC, 1967-68. [BDD]

1649. "Report on a Survey of the Moth-Borer, Diatraea saccharalis, and Its Parasite, Lixophaga diatraeae, in St. Kitts, W.I., March-April 1967, and Notes on Other Sugar Cane Pests." Curepe, Trinidad: CIBC, 1967. [BDD]

1650. "Report on a Visit to St. Kitts, Nevis and Anguilla to Release Natural Enemies of Cottony Cushion Scale and West Indian Fruitfly." Curepe, Trinidad: CAB, 1964. [BDD]

1651. Bookers Agricultural and Technical Services Limited. St. Kitts: Estab­ lishment and Organisation of the National Agricultural Corporation. London, July 1975. [BDD] [OFFICIAL USE ONLY]

1652. ----- A Technical Survey of the Sugar Estates of St. Kitts. Prepared on Behalf of the Ministry of Development, Trade and Tourism of the Govern­ ment of St. Kitts, Nevis and Anguilla and the United Kingdom, Ministry of Overseas Development. London, 1968. [BDDI

1653. BRATHWAITE, C.W.D. "Preliminary Studies in Plant Parasitic Nematodes Associated with Sugar Cane in St. Kitts, West Indies." Proceedings, WIST Meeting, 1973. Pp. 226-227. 1654. Caribbean Community [CARICOM]. An Action Programme for the Main Economic Sectors in St. Kitts-Nevis-Anguilla, 1976-1980. Georgetown, Guyana, 1976. [CDB]

1655. CARROLL, D.M.; MOSS, P.; and COULTER, J.K. Profile Descriptions and Ana­ lytical Results for the Soils of Nevis and St. Kitts. Report No. 9. St. Augustine, Trinidad: Department of Soil Science, UWI, n.d.

1656. COLE, A.C. "Cane Quality Control in St. Kitts." Proceedings, WIST Meeting, 1973. Pp. 289-291.

1657. ----. "A Locally Developed Container for Transporting Chopper Harvested Cane in St. Kitts." Proceedings, WIST Meeting (1973):219-225.

1658. CROPPER, JOHN. "Bayford's Dairy Farm, St. Kitts: Present Performance and Future Prospects." Mimeographed. St. Augustine, Trinidad: DAEFM, UWI, 1969. [BDD; ISER]

1659. CROUCHER, Herbert. "Agric ture oi Nevis; Part II." In Leewards: Writings, Past and Present, about the Leeward Islands, ed. JohnBROWN. Barbados: Department of Extra-Mural Studies, Leeward Islands, UWI, 1961. Pp. 62-64.

1660. EDWARDS, Linnell M. "Agronomic Possibilities for the Development of a Cattle Industry in the Caribbean (with Some Emphasis on Nevis)." In Resource Development in the Caribbean. Montreal: Centre for Developing Area Studies, McGill University, 1972. Pp. 215-224.

1661. "A Review of Solo Papaya Production in Nevis." Proceedings, CFCS, 3rd (1975):51-54.

1662. "Some Aspects of Root Crops Production in Nevis." Proceedings, CFCS, 5th (1967):46-52.

1663. ---- , and STEPPLER, H.A. "Antigua Hay Grass (Dicanthium caricosum [L.] A. Camus) and Some Legume Species in the Native Grasslands of Nevis (West Indies)." In Sectional Papers, International Grassland Congress, 12th, Section 1 (1974):94-107. [NAL: SB197.15 1974]

1664. ELLINGER, K.R. Marketing in Agricultural Development: Report to the Government of St. Christopher-Nevis and Anguilla. Rome: FAO, 1969. [CDB]

1665. FAULKNER, D.E. Report on Livestock Development in St. Kitts-Nevis- Anguilla. Port-of-Spain, Trinidad: Ministry of Natural Resources and Agriculture, West Indies Federation, 1961. [ISER]

1666. FINKEL, Herman J. "Attitudes towards Work as a Factor in Agricultural Planning in the West Indies." Caribbean Studies 4 (April 1964):49-53.

Whatever the relative importance of the various factors (influence of the estate system, after-effects of slavery, inadequate economic returns, weak family structure, praedial larcency, and the temptations of migration) alleged to account for what the author calls a "disdainful" attitude toward agirculture in St. Kitts and Nevis, this attitude can­ not be ignored by those planning agricultural development programs in these two islands.

1667. . Report on Agricultural Development in St. Kitts-Nevis, with Special Reference to the Utilization of Land and Water. Basseterre, St. Kitts: Government Printery, 1962. [BDD]

1668. FORDE, St.C.M. "The Influence of Plant Density on Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annum) Yields in St. Kitts." Proceedings, CFCS, llth (1973):456-459.

1669. FRUCHT, Richard. "Emigration, Remittances and Social Change: Aspects of the Social Fiels of Nevis, West Indies." Anthropologica n.s. 10 (1968): 193-208.

Permanent emigration has reduced the supply of agricultural labor on Nevis, and since those who emigrate send remittances back to their families, there is less reason for those remaining to seek employment in agriculture. Agricultural production thus declined. Remittances received amounted to BWI$448,000 in 1963 but fell to BWI$330,000 in 1966.

1670. ----. "Migration and the Receipt of Remittances." In Resource Development in the Caribbean. Montreal: McGill University: Centre for Developing Area Studies, 1972. Pp. 275-281.

1671. GUSSLER, Judith Danford. "Nutritional Implications of Food Distribution Networks in St. Kitts." Ph.D. Dissertation, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 1975. Pp. 186. [DAI 36 (May 1976):7500-A; Order No. 76-9976]

1672. Halcrow, Sir William & Partners. Report on the Water Resources of St. Kitts, Nevis and Anguilla and on their Development. London, 1966. [BDD]

1673. ----. St. Kitts Basseterre Valley: Irrigation Feasibility Study Report. Prepared for the Ministry of Agriculture, St. Kitts/Nevis/Anguilla. London: Ministry of Overseas Development, August 1974. Pp. 52. [CARDI; BDD]

1674. Hunting Technical Serivces, Ltd. Agricultural Credit in St. Kitts and Nevis. Report to the Government Commissioned by the Overseas Develop­ ment Administration. Borehamwood, Eng., 1971. [CDB]

1675. LANG, D.M., and CARROLL, D.M. Soil and Land Use Surveys, No. 16: St. Kitts/Nevis. St. Augustine, Trinidad: Regional Research Centre, Imperial College qf Agriculture, 1966.

1676. t.OUWES, H.J. Establishment of an Agricultural Marketing Organization. Rome: FAO, 1972. [CDB]

1677. MacOWAN, K.D.S. "Notes on a Visit to St. Kitts and Nevis by Animal Health Adviser . . . from 20th to 24th November, 1965." Basseterre, 1966. [BDD]

1678. Maw, Ellis, Warne & Co. Report on the Sugar Industry of St. Kitts, 1948-1959. London, 1961. Addenda published in 1964 and 1965. IBDD; ISER] 16T9. MAYERS, John M. A Report on the Household Budget Survey of St. Kitts­ Nevis-Anguilla, 1976. Cave Hill, Barbados: UWI, December 1976.

1680. MILLS, Frank L. "The Development of Alternative Farming Systems and Prospects for Change in the Structure of Agriculture in St. Kitts, West Indies." Ph.D. Dissertation, Clark University, Worcester, Mass., 1974. Pp. 263. [DAI 35 (February 1975):5257-5258-A; Order No. 75-4284]

Argues that massive government support has failed to rescue the sugar industry, which should be abandoned in favor of smallholding and market gardening. "Diversification of the economy has always been rejected on the grounds that no other system can provide as many jobs or as much revenue as cane. A linear programming solution suggests that a relatively small market garden can produce an income much higher than that of most white-collar jobs. Additionally it demonstrates that the rationalized production of vegetables on the regional scale is capable of employing farm workers the year round, and can generate higher revenues on less land than cane. Vegetables can readily be marketed in the CARIFTA region" [DAI]. (It should be noted, however, that there are formidable political as well as logistical obstacles to intraregional trade in vegetables.)

1681. ----. "The Dual Structure of Agriculture in St. Kitts." M.A. Thesis, University of Western Ontario. London, 1971.

1682. . "Production Relationships among Small-Scale Farmers in St. Kitts." Social and Economic Studies 25 (June 1976):153-167.

This study is based on interviews with 66 smallholders, both cash renters and share renters. Using a Cobb-Douglas production function to relate agricultural imputs to agricultural output, Mills found zhat the marginal productivity of capital was much higher than that of labor for share tenants, while the marginal productivity of land was zero. For cash tenants, the marginal productivity of land and labor was posi­ tive, while that of capital was zero.

1683. NESTEL, Barry. Economic Development in the Eastern Caribbean Islands: St. Kitts. Series 1--Livestock Development. Cave Hill, Barbados: ISER, UWI, 1964.

1684. O'LOUGHLIN, Carleen. "The Economy of St. Kitts-Nevis-Anguilla." Social and Economic Studies 8 (December 1959):377-402.

Provides detailed national accounts estimates for 1953-56. The author also estimates income distribution in 1954.

1685. PADMORE, Keith. National Income Statistics: St. Kitts-Nevis-Anguilla, 1953-64. Statistical Series No. 2. Bridgetown, Barbados: ISER, UWI, 1966. [BDD; 13ER]

1686. Peat, Marwick, Mitchell & Co. Feasibility Study and Report on the Re-Organisation of the Sugar Industry. 2 vols. Prepared for the Government of St. Kitts-Nevis-Anguilla. [Basseterre, St. Kitts], February 1972. Pp. 125+46 Appendices. [USAID/B] 174

Detailed description of the sugar industry and its financial difficulties. Recommends urgent action to increase output to profitable levels (40,000 tons from 13,000 acres) since "there is no other industry likely to generate the same level of economic activity as sugar within the fore­ seeable future and an efficient and profitable sugar industry is essen­ tial to everyone involved in the industry, to most sections of the island community and to the economy of the state."

1687. RAYMOND, Nathaniel. "Cane Fires on a West Indian Island." Social and Economic Studies 16 (September 1967):280-288.

The author states his thesis to be that "the outbreak of cane fires in St. Kitts during the summer of 1961 was catalyzed by the introduction of a technological innovation in the reaping of cane. This catalyst was in turn created by the existence of four factors all interacting in such a way as to be the basic causes of the outbreak. And all were, in one way or another, created by the market system and the economic hegemony which England held over St. Kitts. They are (1) a shortage of labour; (2) changing work patterns; (3) overgrown fields; and (4) bad labour relations."

1688. St. Kitts-Nevis-Anguilla. An Act to Provide for the Acquisition of the Sugar Estates' Lands in the Island of St. Christopher and for the Payment of Compensation Therefor and for Matters Incidental Thereto or Connected Therewith. Act No. 2 of 1975. Basseterre, 1975. [CDB]

1689 - .---- Annual Digest of Statistics.

1690. ----. Background to the Acquisition by Negotiations of the Assets of the St. Kitts (Basseterre) Sugar Factory Ltd. Basseterre, 1976. [CDB]

1691. -..-. Draft Agricultural Development Plan, 19 1-1980. Basseterre, 1970. [BDD]

1692. ----. Execution of Development Plans in St. Kitts-Nevis-Anguilla. Basse­ terre, 1965. [BDD]

1693. ----. External Trade Report. (annual).

1694. ----. Five-Year Development Plan, 1971-1975. Basseterre, 1975. [BDD]

1695. ----. Five-Year Draft Plan, 1966-1970, with Capital Estimated for 1965. Basseterre, 1965.

1696. ----- The Local Food Production Ordinance, No. 24 of 1966. Basseterre, 1972.

1697. ----- MacKenzie Report: St. Kitts Sugar Industry. Basseterre, 1963. [BDD]

1698. ----- Outline Plan for the Development Programme, 1960/65. Basseterre, 1960. [BDD] 175

1699. ----. A Proposal by the Government of St. Kitts-Nevis-Anguilla to Participate in the CARDI-USAID Project on Food Cropping Systems. Basseterre, n.d.

1700. ----. The Sugar Industry Act, No. 17 of 1970. Basseterre, 1970.

1701. ----. The Sugar Industry (Rehabilitation) Loan Act, No. 10 of 1972. Basseterre, 1972.

1702. ----- Summary Report on the Census of Agriculture. [Basseterre], 1975.

1703. SHURCLIFFE, Alice W., and WELLEMEYER, John F. Manpower Surveys: St. Kitts­ Nevis-Anguilla. Economic Development in the Eastern Caribbean Islands, Series No. 4. Cave Hill, Barbados: ISER, UWI, 1967. Pp. 54+27. [USAID/B; ISER]

The economy was not expected to provide sufficient jobs for a population projected to be growing rapidly. The unemployment rate, 5,6% in 1960, was projected to be 23.1% in 1975. Employment in the sugar estates was expected to decline significantly.

1704. SMITH, G.W. The Irri~ation Needs of St. Kitts, W.I. St. Augustine, Trini­ dad: RRC, ICTA, 1960. [ISER]

1705. THOMPSON, B.P. "Current Economic Situation and Prospects: St. Kitts-Nevis.'" [Bridgetown., Barbados]: [BDD], August 1976. Pp. 16+2 Annexes-. [US ID/ B; BDD]

Notes that there has been "little movement" in agriculture apart from sugar. Annex I contains 24 statistical tables, and Annex II discusses the preliminary results of the 1974/75 agricultural census.

1706. United Kingdom. Ministry of Overseas Development. British Development Division in the Caribbean. St. Kitts-Nevis: Current Economic Situation and Prospects. Bridgetown, Barbados, April 1972. [BDD]

1707.- ---...... ---- St. Kitts-Nevis-Aniuilla: Economic Survey and Pro­ jections. Bridgetown, Barbados, 1967. (BDD]

1708.- ---...... ---- St. Kitts-Nevis-Anguilla: Economic Survey and Pro- Jections. Bridgetown, Barbados, 1971. IISER]

1709. VIDAEUS, Lars. An Inventory of the St. Kitts Fishing Industry. Bridgetown, Barbados: UNDP, 1970. 1710. WARKENTIN, B.P. "Kaolinite in Fumarole Soils on Nevis, West Indies." Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad) 49 (April 1972):179-181.

Based on samples of red and white clays from the Farm Estate.

1711. WATTS, David. "From Sugar Plantation to Open-Range Grazing: Changes in the Land Use of Nevis, West Indies, 1950-1970." Geography 58 (January 1973):65-68. 176

"Formerly among the richest islands in the Caribbean, [Nevis] now ranks among the poorest, with a population increasingly dependent upon sub­ sistence, rather than commercial agriculture" [WATTS]. Notes that significant additional exy-ision of livestock activity is likely to result in overgrazing, sevprt local soil erosion, and a more rapid spread of acacia.

1712. West Indies. Ministry of Natural Resources and Agriculture. Report on Livestock Development in St. Kitts-Nevis-Anguilla. Port-of-Spain, Trinidad, 1961. [BDD]

See also References No. 34, 73, 90, 121, 134, 164, 187, 281, 287, 294, 421, 434, 470, 565, 567, 609, 631, 645, 649, 683, 687, 694, 699, 707, 711. 177

ANGUILLA

1713. Anguilla. Agriculture in Anguilla. Anguilla, n.d. [BDD]

1714 ----.- Digest of Statistics. (Annual). [BDDI

1715. ----. Report on the Census of Anguilla 1974. Anguilla, n.d. [BDD]

1716. "Anguilla: The Anatomy of Decolonization." New World Quarterly 4, No. 1 (1967) :19-44.

1717. BRISK, William J. The Dilemma of a Ministate: Anguilla. Studies in Inter­ national Affairs No. 7. Columbia: Institute of International Studies, University of South Carolina, 1969. Pp. 93. [U.S. Dept. State: F2033 B73]

1718. FELL, H.A. Report on the Census of Anguilla 1974. Anguilla, n.d. [BDD]

1719. WALKER, Della M. "Family and Social Structure in Anguilla." In The Family in the Caribbean, ed. Stanford GERBER. Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico: ICS, UPR, 1968.

1720. WOOD, J.P., and REELS, T.E. Detailed Reconnaissance and Planning Report on the Development of Water Resources in Anguilla. Anguilla, 1971. [BDDI

1721. WRIGHT, E.P. The Water Resources of Anuilla, with Reference to Ground Water Development. Anguilla, 1970. [BDD]

See also Reference No. 287. 178

ST. LUCIA

1722. ANDREANO, Ralph L. "Economic Development of St. Lucia." Unpublished manuscript, August 1970.

1723. ATKINSON, R.E.H. "The Agricultural Extension Service in St. Lucia." Mimeographed. Castries, St. Lucia, 1973.

1724. "A Survey of the Motivations of Banana Growers in St. Lucia and Their Relations with the Agricultural Extension Service." Mimeographed. Castries, St. Lucia, 1973.

1725. BATES, Veronica A. Project Dossier, Roads, St. Lucia: Agricultural Feeder Roads, Construction and Reinstatement. Castries, St. Lucia, April 1977.

1726. BECKFORD, Goerge L., and CAMPBELL, L.G. Prospects and Proposals for Ag­ ricultural Development in St. Lucia, W.I. A report to the Government of St. Lucia on some requirements of agriculture for the Ten Year Develop­ ment Programme, 1964-1973. St. Augustine, Trinidad: UWI, 1963 [ISER]

1727. BENNETT, Fred D. "Report on a Visit to St. Lucia to Conider the Possibil­ ities of Biological Control of Cholus (Polyderces) zonatus, a Pest of Coconut." Curepe, Trinidad: CIBC, 1970 LBDDJ

1728. BUTLER, M.C. "Dermatophilosis (Dermatophilus congolense) of Cattle, Sheep and Goats in St. Lucia (Associated with Infestations by the Tick Amblyomma variegatum." State Veterinary Journal (Surbiton, Eng.) 30 (September 1975): 279-283. [NAL: SF601 S8]

1729, Canadian International Development Agency. Fisheries Development in St. Lucia: A Study of Aid Prospects. [ ?], 1975(subsequently amended).

1730. Caribbean Community. Pre-Feasibility Study on Dairy Production in St. Lucia. (Georgetown, Guyana?], October 1976. Pp. 19 + Annex. [CARDI]

1731. Caribbean Development Bank [CDB]. Agricultural Development in St. Lucia, W.I. Bridgetown, Barbados, December 1971. Pp. 133 + Annexes. [CIDA/B; BDD; CDB]

A comprehensive sector survey and suggestions for a development program. Crop development proposals are made for bananas, coconuts, new export crops (mangoes, avocados, cashews), and vegetables (lettuce, carrots, cabbages, eggplant, cucumbers, pumpkins, and tomatoes). Other proposals are made for livestock, fisheries, forestry, irrigation, catchment development, access roads, mechanization, and soil and water conserration. Detailed annexes are provided for livestock and fishing. 179

1732. Caribbean Food and Nutrition Institute. Food and Nutrition Policy for-St. Lucia: A Provisional Report and Recommendations. Kingston, Jamaica, 1973. [CDB]

1733. "Nutrient-Cost Tables for St. Lucia, January, April, 1975." Mona, Jamaica, 1975.

1734. A Review of Operations of the St. Lucia Marketing Board, with Recom­ mendations. Prepared for the Government of St. Lucia. Report No. CFTI-T­ 47-75. [St. Augustine, Trinidad?] , March 1975. Pp. 21. [CARDI]

1735. Commonwealth Development Corporation. Roseau Small Holder Project, St. Lucia. Bridgetown, Barbados?, March 1977.

1736. CONDER, E.M. "Report on an Assignment to Advise the Government of St. Lucia on Forest Utilization and Marketing, 20 February 1970 to 8 March 1971." London, 1971. [BDD]

1737. Development Planning Associates Limited. A Pre-Feasibility Study to Examine the Potential for Establishing a Coir Processing Industry in the Windward Islands of the Caribbean with Special Reference to St. Lucia. N.p., n.d. (1976?). Pp. xiv + 173 + Appendices. [CIDA/B]

The consultants concluded that extra-regional as well as regional markets will have to be found if an industry processing coconut coir is to be justified. A full-scale feasibility study is recommended.

1738. Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations. Land Tenure: Project Findings and Recommendations. Report to the Government of St. Lucia. Report No. AG: DP/STL/72/012. Rome: FAO, 1975.[RESTRICTED]

1739. FOREMAN, R.A. Land Settlement Scheme for St. Lucia, Based on a Survey of the Agricultural and Social Conditions of the Island. Castries, St. Lucia: Government Printing Office, 1958. [ISER]

1740. FOUERE, J., and WALTERS, H. Report on Four Landing Surveys at Vieux Fort, St. Lucia. Caribbean Fishery Development Project Report, St. Lucia, 1969­ 71. Bridgetown, Barbados: UNDP, 1971. [BDD]

1741. FREDRICH, Barbara Elizabeth. "Morphology of Dooryard Gardens: Patterns, Imprints, and Transformations in St. Lucia, West Indies." Ph.D. Dis­ sertation, University of California, Los Angeles, 1975. Pp. 362. [DAI 36 (May 1976): 7642-A; Order No. 76-8992]

Analyzes cultural (Amerind, African, Northern European, and East Indian) and physical factors affecting dooryard gardens. Finds that the "most obvious" feature is the raised bed, which is likely to be of Amerind origin.

1742. GEORGE, Calixte. "Evaluation of Slicing Cucumber Varieties at St. Lucia." Proceedings, CFCS, 10th (1972): 52-55.

1743. GOWEN, S.R., and CHARLES, W.Bo "Screening for Root Knot Nematode (Meloidofyne incognita) Resistance in Certain Lines of Lycopersicon esculentum for Tomato Improvement in St. Lucia." Proceedings, CFCS, 6th (1968):52-56. 180

1744. HELMINIAK, Thomas Walter. "The Sugar-Bananas Shift on St. Lucia, West Indies: Bilharzia and Malaria Disease Causal Linkages." Ph.D. Disser­ tation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1972. Pp. 319. [DAI 32 (June 1972): 6660-A; Order No. 72-13,088]

Examines the relationship between the eradication of malaria and the increasing incidence of bilharzia, on the one hand, and the shift in agricultural production from sugar to bananas, on the other. No causal linkages were found in the case of malaria, but some relationship existed for bilharzia. "It is found that the public and private decision-makers-­ respectively responsible for the malarial eradication and the sugar­ bananas shift decisions--did not recognzie and take into account these potential linkage costs; and it is suggested that, in consequence, these decisions may not have been socially optimal." [DAII.

1745. HENRY, P.W.T. Notes on Forestry in St. Lucia. Miscellaneous Report No. 78. London: Directorate of Overseas Surveys, 1969. [BDD]

1746. Hunting Technical Services Ltd. Agricultural Credit in St. Lucia. Report to the Government of St. Lucia Commissioned by the Overseas Development Administration. Borehamwood, Eng., 1971. [CDB]

1747. Industrie und Unternehemensberatung GMBH. Prefeasibility Study on Processing Banana Fibers in St. Lucia. Hamburg, W. Ger., 1975. [CDB]

1748. LEES, R.E.M. "Malnutrition: The Pattern and Prevention in St. Lucia." West Indian Medical Journal 13 (1964): 97-102.

1749. LEONCE, F. "The Effect of Local Climate and Soil Factors on Irish Potato (Solanum tuberosum) Yields in St. Lucia." Proceedings, CFCS, llth (1973): 331-344.

1750. LORINEZ, Ladislas. A Limited Marketing Plan for St. Lucia. Castries, St. Lucia: FAO, 1966. [BDD]

1751. ---- Report to the Government of St. Lucia on Markets for West Indian Fruits and Vegetables in North America and the European Common Market Countries. Rome: FAO, 1967. [BDD]

1752. LOUIS, K. "Development and Organization of the Dabonneau Poultry and Agriculture Cooperative, St. Lucia." B.A. Thesis (Geography), UWI, Mona, Jamaica, 1976.

1753. MacKENZIE, Alasdair F. et al. "MacKenzie Commission of Enquiry into the Sugar Indsutry of St. Lucia, 1960." Madison: Health Economics Research Center, University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1960.

1754. MATHEW, Cyril T. "Changing the Traditional Approach to Production and Marketing." Cajanus 11 (1978/1): 3'ff.

Briefly describes programs in St. Lucia, where the author serves as Chief Agricultural Officer in the Ministry of Agriculture.

1755. MATHURIN, David C.E. "Agriculture and Economic Development in St. Lucia." Master's Thesis, University of Toronto, 1964. 181

1756. "An Unfavourable System of Land Tenure: The Case of St. Lucia." Proceedings, WIAEC, 2nd (1967): 139-152.

Discusses the "family lands" system of multiple ownership, an institu­ tion inherited from the French occupation and regarded as a major ob­ stacle to agricultural development because it provides little security to individual farmers and causes extreme fragmentation. Also discusses the positive and negative aspects of sharecropping as practiced in St. LuciL

1757. MATTHEWS, M.D.F. "Report on the Development of Suspended Monorail Conveyor for Bananas and Its Installation in St. Lucia, 12th June-26th July, 1972." Silsoe, Eng.: National Institute of Agricultural Engineering, 1972. [BDD]

1758. MELICJEK, H. Land Tenure In St. Lucia--Project Findings and Recommenda­ tions. [?]: UNDP/FAO, 1975.

1759. MENDHAM. H.D. Report on a Visit to St. Lucia in Connection with the Setting up of a Marketing Organization. [Castries, St. Lucia], 1966. [BDD; ISER] [CONFIDENTIAL]

1760. MOMSEN (nge HENSHALL), Janet D. "Land Tenure as a Barrier to Agricultural Innovation: The Case of St. Lucia." Proceedings, WIAEC, 7th (1972): 103-109.

Examines the relationship between lrnd tenure and the pattern of adop­ tion of vegetable growing for domestic market, The sample of 68 vegetable farmers in this study revealed that the percentage of "family land" in vegetable production was lower than the national average. Moreover, "the 'family land' that is included does not suffer from the worst problems generally associated with this tenure system." Although only 3% of the farmers surveyed saw land tenure as an obstacle to increasing vegetable production, they did report other problems with their land­ holdings: delays in completing purchases of land, disputes over freehold titles, and squatters. The author argues that efficient patterns of vegetable production will not be adopted where land tenure is still insecure, as on much of the "family land."

1761. ---- Report on Vegetable Production and the Tourist Industry in St. Lucia. Calgary, Alberta: University of Calgary, 1973. Pp. 56. [BDD]

1762. NESTEL, Barry. Economic Development in tne Eastern Caribbean Islands: St. Lucia, Series 1 -- Livestock Development. Cave Hill, Barbados: ISER, UWI, 1964. [BDD]

1763. O'NEALE, H.W. "The Economy of St. Lucia." Social and Economic Studies 13 (December 1964): 440-470.

Presents and discusses national accounts data for 1962 and discusses recent economic trends.

1764. PARASRAM, S., and MEDERICK, F. "A'Note on Damage to Coconuts in St. Lucia, West Indies, by a Beetle of the Cholus zonatus Complex." Tropical Agri­ culture (Trinidad) 48 (April 1971): 125-126. 182

"No predators or parasites have yet been found. Control measures recommended have been the removal and destruction of infested leaves, more particularly those already dead, since these harbour many larvae and pupae approaching maturity. Recent surveys in areas where these measures have been adopted have shown an encouraging reduction in the beetle population. Investigations are continuing on population fluctua­ tions, life history, toxicology and related matters" [PARASRAM and MEDERICKI.

1765. PERSAUD, Bishnodat. A Banana Costing Study in St. Lucia--The First Report. Agricultural Series No. 2. Cave Hill, Barbados; ISER, T74I, 1966. [BDD;ISER]

Based on a study conducted in 1965 of a stratified random sample of 120 farms (1964 financial data).

1766. ---- The Second Banana Costing Survey in St. Lucia. Cave Hill, Barbados: ISER, UWI, 1967. [ISER]

1767. ---- "The Second Banana Costing Survey in St. Lucia." Proceedings, CFCS, 5th (1967): 38-42.

A summary of the longer study.

1768. ---- et al. "Enquiry into the Feasibility of Reintroducing the Sugar Industry in St. Lucia." Mimeographed. Bridgetown, Barbados: UWI, 1966.

1769. Resources Management Consultants Ltd. A Proposal for a Study of Feasibility of Establishing in St. Lucia A Cashew Farming Operation. Toronto, Canada, November 1973. Pp. 6 + Appendix. LCIDA/BJ

1770. ---- A Proposal for a Study of Feasibility of Establishing in St. Lucia a Cattle Raising and Meat Packing Operation. Toronto, Canada, November 1973. Pp. 6 + Appendices. ICIDA/BJ

1771. ---- A Proposal for a Study of Feasibility of Establishing in St. Lucia an Exotic Fruit Export Operation. Toronto, Canada, November 1973. Pp. 6 + Appendix. [CIDA/B]

The fruits that would be considered are avocados, mangoes, papaya, and passion fruit.

1772. ROMALIS, Rochelle S. "The Rural Community and the Total Socity during Economic Change in St. Lucia: A Case Study." Ph.D. Dissertation, McGill University, 1968. Pp. 304.

1773. ---- "The Rural Entrepreneur and Economic Development: The Case of St. Lucia." In McGill Studies in Caribbean Anthropology, ed. Frances HENRY Montreal: Centre for Developing Area Studies, McGill University, 1969. Pp. 93-107. [ISER]

1774. ---- "Structural Change and Economic Opportunity: The 'Problem of the Peasant Reconsidered."' Montreal: Interuniversity Consortium for Social Science Training, 1969. Pp. 10. 183

1775. ROMNEY, D.H. Report of the Coconut Industry of St. Lucia. Bridgetown, Barbados: BDD, 1969. [BDD; CDB]

1776. St. Lucia. Agricultural Statistics, Census Data 1973/74. kCastries, 1976.

1777. Annual Statistical Digest.

1778. Five-Year Development Plan, 1964-1969. Castries, 1964? [BDD]

1779. ---- Five-Year Development Plan, 1966-1970. Castries, 1966? [BDD]

1780. "A Food and Nutrition Policy for St. Lucia." Castries, 1975.

Surveys found that 25% of all child mortality could be attributed to malnutrition and/or gastroenteritis. Average daily caloric intake was 10% below the recommended standard. Average protein consumption was 40% above the standard, but 35% of all households fell below it. Nu­ tritional deficiencies were also reported for riboflavin, niacin, and iron.

1781. ---- Report of the Technical Committee to Consider the Government's Proposals to Sugar Manufacturers' Ltd. on Restarting of Sugar Industry at Roseau. Castries, 1964. [ISER]

1782. --- The St. Lucia Marketing Board--An Analysis of Existing Arrangements and Proposals for Improvements. Castries, April 1976.

1783. ---- ; Caribbean Food and Nutrition Institute; Pan American Health Organiza­ tion; and Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations. The National Food and Nutrition Survey of St. Lucia. Kingston, Jamaica: Caribbean Food and Nutrition Institute, 1976. Pp. 55 + Appendices. [USAID/B; CARDI]

This survey, conducted in January-February 1974, found that 2% of the children less than 5 years of age suffered from severe malnutrition (Gomez Grade III); 9% were in Gomez Grade II; and 33% were in Gomez Grade I. The respective figures among school-age children were 2.4%, 16.5%, and 50.6%. Daily energy availability in 1970 was estimated to be 2,244 calories per capita; protein availability was 52 grams per capita. The survey found income to be the most important factor limiting nutritional intake. The report calls for increased local food production; education in nutrition (especially breastfeeding); improved sanitary facilities; and other measures.

1784. ----. Civil Service Advisor. "The Structure and Orlanisation of the Staff of the Agricultural Bank." Castries, 1970. [BDD

1785. ----. Commission of Inquiry into the Banana Industry of St. Lucia, 1963. Report. Castries, 1964. [ISER]

1786. ----. Commission to Enquire into and Report on the Sugar Industry of St. Lucia, 1960. Report. [Castries], 1960. [ISER]

1787. ----. Office of the Premier. Five Year Development Plan 1966-1970. Castries, 1966. [ISER] 184

1788. --. St. Lucia National Plan [1977-81].6 vols. Castries, 1977.

The broad goals of the 1977-81 plan are to reduce the country's de­ pendence on bananas, achieve "balanced economic growth," and provide adequate employment opportunities in all sectors. Priorities are not clearly stated, but it is clear that the Central Planning Unit assigns a high priority to agricultural development. The agricultural sector plan is largely a collection of 21 project proposals, most of which lack detailed benefit/cost and manpower data.

1789. St. Lucia Coconut Growers' Association Ltd. Annual Reports.

1790. SHURCLIFF, Alice W. and WELLEMEYER, John F. Manpower Surveys: St. Lucia. Economic Development in the Eastern Caribbean Islands, Series No. 4. Cave Hill. Barbados: ISER, UWI, 1967. Pp. 73. [USAID/B; ISER]

Because of rapid economic growth the unemployment rate is estimated to have declined from 11.3% in 1960 to 7.7% in 1965. An increase to 11.4% by 1975, however, is projected. Shortages of professional, technical, and skilled workers are reported. The secondary school system is viewed as a major bottleneck to increasing the supply of these workers. The authors find support for the widely held view that St. Lucians prefer unemployment to working as agricultural laborers. In the 1965-75 period the authors expect tourism to be more dynamic than agriculture.

1791. SILVERSIDE, D. Report on Meat Preparation in St. Lucia, 16-23 March, 1974. London: Tropical Products Institute, 1974. [CDB]

1792. SMITH, A.J.L. Coconut Rehabilitation and Development Project, Phase I-- St. Lucia 1976-1978 (3 years). Bridgetwon, Barbados: BDD, 1976.

1793. SMITH, G.W. The Irrigation Needs of St. Lucia, W.I. St. Augustine: RRC, ICTA, 1961. [ISER]

1794. STARK, J.; LAJOIE, P.; and GREEN, J.A. Soil and Land-Use Surveys, No. 20: St. Lucia. St. Augustine, Trinidad: ICTA, 1966. [ISERJ

1795. TAYLOR, K.D. The Rat Problem in St. Lucia. Castries, 1965. [BDDI

1796. Touche, Ross, Bailey and Stuart, A Study of the Opportunities for Improving the Banana Industry in St. Lucia. Castries, 1967. [BDD7

1797. United Kingdom.Ministry of Overseas Development. St. Lucia Forest Reserves Working Plan, 1st April 1970-31st March 1979. London, 1970. [BDD]

1798. .- British Development Division in the Caribbean. "Memorandum on Marketing in St. Lucia." Bridgetown, Barbados, 1966. [BDD]

1799. - . .---- Report to the Government of St. Lucia on Soil Erosion and Related Problems. Bridgetown, Barbados, March 1971. [BDD]

1800. -- . .---- St. Lucia2 Economic Survey and Projections. Bridgetown, Barbados, 1968. [BDD] 185

1801. ----.------St. Lucia: Economic Survey and Projections. Bridgetown, Barbados, 1970. [ISER] 1802. University of the West Indies. Institute of Social and Economic Research. Enquiry into the Feasibility of Re-Establishing the Sugar Industry in St. Lucia. Cave Hill, Barbados, 1966. LISER] 1803. VIDAEUS, Lars. The St. Lucia Fishing Industry. UNDP/FAO Caribbean Fishery Development Project. [?], September 1969. 1804. WALLBRIDGE, A., and PINEGAR, J.A. "Fungi Associated with Crown-Rot Disease of Bananas from St. Lucia in Windward Islands." Transactions of the British Mycological Society 64 (April 1975): 247-254. [NAL: 451 B76] 1805. WEISBROD, Burton A., and HELMINIAK, Thomas W. "Parasitic Diseases and Agricultural Labor Productivity." Economic Development and Cultural Change 25 (April 1977): 505-522. A follow-up to an earlier study (WEISBROD et al. 1973), conducted in part to see if the long-term effects of bilharzia might be more serious than the short-term effects, found that labor productivity of infected workers was only 14 percent lower than those who were non-infected. 1806. ---- et al. Disease and Economic Development: The Impact of Parasitic Diseases in St. Lucia. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1973. [NAL: RA456 S25 D57J

The authors found that bilharzia (schistosomiasis) reduced the productive capacity of male plantation workers by perhaps 30 percent on a daily basis. Interestingly, however, those who were infected worked longer hours than non-infected workers, and there was no significant difference in average weekly earnings. 1807. WILES, D.W. Report of Inquiry into the Causes of the Failure of the St. Lucia Fisheries Scheme and Recommendations for Future Likely Developments. N.p.; n. publ., 1965. [ISER] 1808. WILLIAMS, M. "Fishing--St. Lucia." B.A. Thesis (Geography), UWI, Mona, Jamaica, 1976. See also References No. 47, 48, 49, 53, 90, 121, 134, 164, 167, 187, 278, 281, 287, 307, 329, 421, 434, 449, 494, 498, 511, 549, 609, 623, 649, 681, 68" , 685, 694, 698, 699, 711. 186

ST. VINCENT

1809. ADAMS, John E. "Conch Fishing Industry of Union Island, Grenadines, West Indies." Tropical Science 12 (1970):279-288.

A brief economic geography of Union Island's principal source of foreign-exchange earnings.

1810 - .---- Environmental and Cultural Factors in the Decline of Agriculture in a Small West Indian Island. Center Essay No. 7. Milwaukee: Center for Latin America, University of Wisconsin--Milwaukee, December 1976. Pp. 24.

1811. ----. "The Lobster Fishing Industry of Mt. Pleasant, Bequia Island, West Indies." In Proceedings of the Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute, 24th (1971). Coral Gables, Fla.: Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, 1972. Pp. 126-133.

1812. ----. "Marine Industries of the St. Vincent Grenadines, West Indies." Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, 1970. Pp. 338. [DAI 31 (November 1970):2429-2430-B; Order No. 70-20,1731

"The study demonstrates that the St. Vincent Grenadines made the transi­ tion from an economy based upon specialized agriculture to one increasingly dependent on the sea. The fundamental reasons for this change were the unremunerative employment on land, and the fact that the islands were recipients of ship building and whaling technologies in the late 19th century. . . . Since the early 1950's the St. Vincent Grenadines have experienced a marked increase in commercial finfishing and shellfish gathering activities" [DAI.

1813. ----. "Maritime Industry of St. Vincent Grenadines." American Neptune 32 (1972):180-194.

1814. ----. "Shore Whaling in St. Vincent Island, West Indies." Caribbean Quarterly 19 (Decmeber 1973):42-50.

Whaling offers year-round employment to nearly 100 men in the community of Barrouallie. A large and reliable local market is reported for whale meat, said to be the cheapest source of animal protein. The most impor­ tant whale hunted is the blackfish (pilot whale). The annual catch of blackfish averages about 250. In addition, 6-12 sperm whales and a larger number of killer whales and porpoises are caught.

1815. ANTROBUS, K. "Experiences with the Use of Soyameal and Skimmed Milk in St. Vincent." West Indian Medical Journal 20 (September 1971):237-240. 1816. BAYNES, Ronald A. "Guidelines for Better Peanut Production in St. Vincent, W.I." R.F.E.P. Bulletin No. 2. St. Augustine, Trinidad: Faculty of Agriculture, UWI, 1972. [BDD]

1817. Bookers Agricultural and Technical Serivces Ltd. Re-establishment of the Sugar Industry in St. Vincent--A Preliminary Report. (Prepared for the Caribbean Development Bank.) London, 1971.

1818. BREWSTER, Havelock R. The Development Problem in St. Vincent. A Report by a University of the West Indies Development Mission. ?], May 1969.

1819. BYRNE, Joycelin. "Population Growth in St. Vincent." Social and Economic Studies 18 (June 1969):152-188.

The author examines population growth between 1844 and 1960, identifying 4 distinct periods. The most recent period (.1931-60) has been one of rapid growth. The analysis includes a discussion of the implications of rapid population growth for educational services and employment.

1820. CALDWELL, David K. et al. "Cetaceans from the Lesser Antillean Island of St. Vincent." Fishery Bulletin, U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service 69 (1971):303-312.

Discusses whaling activities.

1821. CAMPBELL, Lewis G. Production on Small Farms in St. Vincent: Prospects for Increasing Efficiency. Agricultural Series No. 4. Cave Hill, Bar­ bados: ISER, UWI, 1965. [BDD; ISER]

1822. ---- , and PHELPS, H.0. Preliminary Report on Irri ation for Bananas in St. Vincent. St. Augustine, Trinidad: UWI, 1964. [ISER]

1823. ---- et al. Enquiry into the Feasibility of Re-establishing the Sugar Industry in St. Vincent. Mona, Jamaica: UWI, 1965. [BDD]

1824. Caribbean Development Bank. Appraisal Report on Arrowroot Factory, Owia, St. Vincent. August J.975. Pp. 50. [AID/W: LAC/DR/RD]

1825. CHAUDHURI, S.K. Report on Arrowroot Research in St. Vincent. Kingston, 1965. [BDD]

1826. CISKI, Robert. "Settlement and Land Use: Villo Point." In Windward Road: Contributions to the Anthropology of St. Vincent, ed. Thomas M. FRASER. Research Report No. 12. Amherst, Mass.: Department of Anthro­ pology, University of Massachusetts, 1973.

1827. COCHRANE, T.T. "A Study of the Land Use Potential of Two of the Major Soil Types of St. Vincent, the Yellow Earths .nd the Recent Soils from Volcanic Ash." D.T.A. Report, UWI, St. Augustine, Trinidad, 1962.

Suggests that soil physical conditions in pots may affect the sensi­ tivity of pak-choi to nutrient deficiencies and thus overemphasize these deficiencies in St. Vincent soils. 188

1828. COWARD, L.D.G. Report on a Visit to St. Vincent, January 1977. London: Tropical Products Institute, 1977. Pp. 6. [BDD]

Reviews several agricultural processing activities.

1829. DANIEL, Godwin A. "Toward the Re-Diversification of St. Vincent's Agri­ culture." Proceedings, WIAEC, 6th (1971):75-84.

1830. FRAMPTON, A. de K. et al. Report and Recommendations for the Development of St. Vincent by a Team of Experts (Frampton Plan). [?], 1957.

1831. GAYNES, R. "Observations on Agricultural Improvement in St. Vincent." B.A. Thesis (Geography), UWI, Mona, Jamaica, 1973.

1832. GEDDES, M.A.W. "Prospects for Increasing the Production of High Value Vegetables in St. Vincent." M.Sc. Thesis, UWI, St. Augustine, 1972.

This study covers 19 vegetables, with an emphasis on carrots. Data were collected by surveying farms, supporting services, and market statistics. The CARIFTA market was found to offer the best prospects, with demand being greatest for onions, garlic, peanuts, rrots, and pumpkins. The most important farm-level requirement, it is uoncluded, is better protection against pests and diseases through greater use of chemicals and longer rotations. Measures to increase production are proposed.

1833. HAMLET, J. "Some Aspects of Agriculture in St. Vincent." B.A. Thesis (Geography), UWI, Mona, Jamaica, 1975.

1834. HAWKINS, J.C. Report on the Mechanization of Arrowroot in St. Vincent. Kingstown, St. Vincent, 1960. [BDD]

1835. HUGGINS, J. "Design of a Mechanical Cleaning System for Arrowroot." Unpublished Project Report, Department of Mechanical Engineering, UWI, St. Augustine, 1971.

The author "showed that arrowroot tubers dug out of the light, volcanic soil of St. Vincent could be easily cleaned by oscillation on a slatter or perforated surface. He recommended that, for such conditions, more work be done with a view to incorporating the digging blade, a slatted conveyor belt moving over eccentric rollers (to provide the shaking action) and a collecting bin into a small arrowroot harvester" [NARAYAN and MacLAREN 1977: 11].

1836. Hunting Technical Services, Ltd. Agricultural Credit in St. Vincent. Report to the Government of St. Vincent Cormissioned by the Overseas Development Administration. P-irehamwonrA ng., 1971. [CDB]

1837. JOHN, Karl E.V. "Policies arid Programs of Intervention into the Agrarian Structure of St. Vincent, 1890-1974." M.A. Thesis, University of Waterloo,1974. [CDB]

1838. KIRTON, Noel. "The Scope for Peanut Production and Processing in St. Vincent." Proceedings, WIAEC, 10th (1975): Vol. II, pp. 271-277. 189

Constraints to the expansion of p)eanut production and exports include small scale of production, pest and diseases, false nut problems, wide spacing of plants, and lack of research and extension services. Pro­ duction costs are estimated to be lower for mechanized than for manual cultivaticn, and the formation of cooperatives is recommended to provide the scale necessary for mechanization.

1839. KRASNOW, Michael A. "Fishing in Calliaqua." In Windward Road: Contri­ butions to the Anthropology of St. Vincent, ed. Thomas M. FRASER. Research Report No. 12. Amherst, Mass.: Department of Anthropology, University of Massachusetts, 1973. Pp. 23-28.

1840. LOCKHART, K.C. "Arrowroot in St. Vincent: An Historical and Geographical Review." B.A. Thesis (Geography), UWI, Mona, Jamaica, 1970.

1841. McCONNIE, H.S. "Some Proposals for Agricultural Development in St. Vincent." Mimeographed. Kingstown, 1968?.

1842. McFARLANE, Mary. "Phosphate Studies on Volcanic Ash Soils from St. Vincent." Ph.D. Thesis, UWI, St. Augustine, Trinidad, 1974.

1843. MacOWAN, K.D.S. "Notes on a Visit to St. Vincent by the Animal Health Adviser,. . . 3rd-6th December 1965." Kingstown, St. Vincent(? , 1965. [BDD]

1844. MARTIN, C.I. "The Arrowroot Industry in St. Vincent: A Case Study of a Unique Root Crop Industry." In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Tropical Root Crops, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad, 2-8 April 1967. Pp. 125-144.

1845. "The Functioning of the Agricultural Marketing Protocol of the CARIFTA Agreement with Particular Reference to Exports from St. Vincent." Proceedings, WIAEC, 6th (1971):60-74.

St. Vincent was one of the few, if not the only, less developed Caribbean island having a significant intra-regional trade in agricultural products prior to the organization of CARIFTA. The effects of the AMP in St. Vincent are described as "encouraging [but not] startling." The most promising crops are sweet potatoes, peanuts, and carrots. The author stresses the importance of extablishing guaranteed prices for export crops, overcoming transport bottlenecks, and clarifying the mechanics of the AMP.

1846. "The Role of Government in Agricultural Development with Reference to St. Vincent." Proceedings, WIAEC, 1st (1966):26-34.

Describes agricultural policy since 1946, with particular reference to (1) land settlements, (2) ext,-nsion and research, (3) marketing boards, and (4) subsidies for arrowroot and sugar. Notes that insufficient attention has been paid to evaluating government projects.

1847. "The Role of Government in the Agricultural Development of St. Vincent." M.Sc. rhesis, UWI, St. Augustine, 1968. Pp. 196. 190

1848. MITCHELL, J.F. Our Strategy in Agriculture: A New Policy for St. Vincent and the Grenadines. Kingstown: Government Printer, 26 June 1973. T.CDB]

1849. NESTEL, Barry. Economic Development in the Eastern Caribbean Islands: St. Vincent. Series 1--Livestock Development. Cave Hill, Barbados: ISER, UWI, 1964. [BDD]

1850. NOKES, E.J. "Milk Pasteurization Plant." Kingstown, St. Vincent, 1965. [BDD]

1851. RANKINE, Lloyd B. et al. Economic Evaluation of Food Crops Production on Selected Farms in St. Vincent, 1970-71. Occasional Series No. 7. St. Augustine, Trinidad: DAEFM, UWI, June 1972. Pp. 30. [SAIG]

Although 56 questionnaires were distributed, complete cost-of-production/ profitability figures were obtained for only -1 farms: 4 growing yams, 3 growing sweet potatoes, 3 growing peanuts and 1 growing tannia. The farms ranged from 0.5 to 8 acres. Most of them were sharecropped or rented by farmers who were over 50 years old. Returns were found to be positive for sweet potatoes and peanuts, mixed for yams, and negative for tannia. The authors caution that the small number of observations limits the reliability of the data. They also note the lack of record­ keeping among small farmers in St. Vincent.

1852. REDDY, S.K. "Practical Problems with Obtaining Valid and Reliable Infor­ mation on Household Food Utilisation." Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 14 (June 1968):66-70.

1853. Resources Management Consultants Ltd. Proposal for a Study and Implemen­ tation Program to Re-Establish the Sugar Industry in St. Vincent. Toronto, Canada, February 1976. Pp. 12+Appendix. [CIDA/B]

1854. ---. Proposal for a Study of Opportunities to Improve the Operating Effectiveness of the St. Vincent Marketing Corporation. Toronto, Canada, March 1976. Pp. 14+Appendix. [CIDA/B]

1855. ROMNEY, D.H. Report of the Coconut Industry of St. Vincent. Bridgetown, Barbados: BDD, 1969. [BDD; CDB]

1856. St. Vincent. The Advisability of Reestablishing the Cotton Ginnery and Cotton Factory at St. Vincent. Kingstown, 1963. [ISER]

1857. ----. "Arrowroot Mechanization Preliminary Field Trials, December 1970." Kingstown, 1970. [BDD]

1858 - .---- Development Plan 1966-1970. Kingstown, 1968. [BDD; ISER]

1859. ----. Development Programme, 1963-66. Kingstown, 1963?. [BDD; ISER]

1860 - .----Digest of Statistics. (Annual.) [NAL: HC151 Al W4]

1861. ----. St. Vincent National AgricultuielProgram (S.N.A.P.). Kingstown, December 1975. Pp. 23+annexes. 191

The 4 broad objectives of this program are (1) optimal land use, (2) e-iployment creation, (3) import substitution in food, and (4) increased export earnings. The crop section lists 14 crops in order of priority, beginning with bananas, arrowroot, and coconuts-­ all export crops. Manpower and other programs are not indicated. There is little sense of priorities among the 112 separate recom­ mendations. This brief document does not really constitute a plan.

1862. SHONG, C. de. "Agricultural Land Use in the Marriague Valley, St. Vincent." B.A. Thesis (Geography), UWI, Mona, Jamaica, 1971.

1863. SHURCLIFFE, Alice; WELLEMEYER, J.F.; and HENRYLawrence. Manpower Surveys: St. Vincent. Economic Development in the Eastern Caribbean Islands, Serie No. 4. Cave Hill, Barbados: ISER, UWI, 1967. [USAID/ B (draft)]

An oversupply of unskilled labor was foung to coexist with shortages of middle- and high-level manpower. The unemployment rate, 15.6% in 1960 and an estimated 12.8% in 1965, was estimated to rise to 18.8% by 1975. Prospects for agriculture, apart from bananas, are not regarded as favorable. Tourism is expected to be the most dynamic sector of the economy.

1864. SILVERSIDE, D. Report on Meat Preparation in St. Vincent. New York: Tropical Products Institute, 1974. [CDB]

1865. SMITH, G.W. The Irrigation Needs of St. Vincent, W.I. St. Augustine, Trinidad: REC, ICTA, 1960. [ISER]

1866. SPINELLI, Joseph. "Land Use and Population in St. Vincent, 1763-1960: A Contribution to the Study of the Patterns of Economic and Demographic Change in a Small West Indian Island." Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Florida, 1973. Pp. 450. [DAI 34 (April 197 4 ):5023-5024-B; Order No. 74-9565]

Argues that demographic change is closelj related to sharp fluctua­ tions in export agriculture.

1867. THOMPSON, B.P. "Economic Survey of St. Vincent." Bridgetown, Barbados: BDD, January 1976.

1868. TWYFORD, I.T., and FREITAS, C.L. "Extension Methods, Soil Conservation and Land Productivity in St. Vincent, West Indies." World Crops 15 (March 1963):88-91, 105.

Of particular interest is the discussion of soil conservation measures.

1869. ---­, and WALMSLEY, D. "The Status of Some Micronutrients in Healthy Robusta Banana Plants." Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad) 45 (October 1968):301-306. 192

Based on research in St. Vincent. "Analyses of the micronutrients Mn, Fe, B, Zn, and Ca in various anatomical parts of normal, healthy Fobusta banana planta at various stages of growth are presented" [TWYFCRD and WALMSLEY].

1870. Underwood, McClellan & Associates Limited. Report on St. Vincent and Grenadines Water Resources Study. Prepared for the Canadian Inter­ national Development Agency, Winnipeg, 1969. [BDD]

1871. United Kingdom. Ministry of Overseas Development. British Development Division in the Caribbean. St. Vincent: Current Economic Situation and Prospects. Bridgetown,Barbados, 1967. [BDD]

1872.- ---..----. • St. Vincen:: Economic Survey and Projections. Bridgetown, Barbados, 1970. [ISER]

1973. University of the West Indies. Institute for Social and Economic Research. The Development Problem in St. Vincent. Mona, Jamaica, 1969. [BDD; ISER]

1874.- - . . The Feasibility of Restoring the Industry in St. Vincent. Cave Hill, Barbados, 1965. [ISER]

1875. VENNER, Noel. The Sugar Industry in St. Vincent, with Special Reference to the Problem Which Would Arise if the Industry is Abandoned. [Grenada: Financial and Economic Office, 1962]. [ISER]

1876. WALMSLEY, D., and BAYNES, R.A. "Micronutrient Status of the St. Vincent Groundnut." Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad) 55 (January 1978):17-21.

Measures the concentration of the 4 micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn) for a runner-type groundnut at 2-week internals from 3 weeks after planting to harvest. Calculates the amount of micronutrients needed to be supplied in cases of severe soil deficiency.

1877. WATSON, J.P.; SPECTOR, J.; and JONES, T.A. Soil and Land-Use Surveys, No. 3: St. Vincent. St. Augustine, Trinidad: ICTA, 1958.

1878. WILLEMS, W.B. "Note of Fisheries Development in St. Vincent." Bridge­ town, Barbados: BDD, 1967.

1879. YASEEN, M. "Report on a Visit to St. Vincent in Connection with Investigations on Biological Control of Certain Insect Pests, November 8-13, 1970 and Report on a Visit to Grenada in Connection with the ODM Project for the Biological Control of West Indian Insect Pests, December 14-18, 1970." Curepe, Trinidad: CIBC, 1971. [BDD]

See also References No. 34, 47, 48, 49, 51, 52, 53, 134, 164, 178, 278, 307, 330, 359, 360, 421, 450, 459, 470, 494, 511, 549, 565, 567, 569, 576, 609, 645, 649, 681, 684, 685, 694, 698, 699, 711. 193

TURKS AND CAICOS ISLANDS

1880. COHEN, Mervyn D.; MORGAN, P.; and BAKER, P. "The Nutritional Status of Children in the Turks and Caicos Islands." West Indian Medical Journal 23 (1974): 92-97.

"At the 1970 census, the 6 inhabited of the Turks and Caicos Islands had 5675 persons. There was no commercial crop, few grew fruit, vege­ tables or poultry; one island had a small piggery and wild cattle were killed for meat occasionally. No island produced milk. Staples were imported rice and peas and local fish. Health was generally good; for 1973 the birthrate was 31.7, perinatal mortality 31.5 and infant mortality 48.8. Children studied from 4 islands in 1973 were 857, mostly of African origin. They were taller and heavier than in many parts of the West Indies. . ." [CAB/ABS].

1881. MATHER, J.D. A Study of the Groundwater Resources of the Turks and Caicos Islands. London: Institute of Geological Sciences, 1971. [BDDJ

1882. MISICK, Ariel. The Economics of Development in the Turks and Caicos Islands. N.p., n.d. [CDB]

1883. PLUMLEE, Carl H. Ocean-Borne Cargo Movements: Turks and Caicos Islands. Report No. ECLA/POS/74/2. Port-of-Spain, Trinidad: ECLA, 1973. [BDD]

1884. Turks and Caicos Islands. Economic Statistics. Grand Turk, annual. [CDB]

1885. United Kingdom.Ministry of Overseas Development. British Development Division in the Caribbean. Turks and Caicos Islands: Economic Survey and Projections Bridgetown, Barbados: November 1969. [BDD] 194

BIBLIOGRAPHIES AND OTHER REFERENCE WORKS

1886. Abstracts on Tropical Agriculture. Amsterdam: Koninklijk Instituut voor de Tropen, monthly since January 1975.

1887. ANDERSON, T. Agriculture in the Economy of the Caribbean: A Bibliography. Training and Methods Series No. 24. Madison: Land Tenure Center, University of Wisconsin, June 1974.

1888. BAA, Enid M., comp. Theses on Caribbean Topics, 1778-1968. San Juan: University of Puerto Rico Press, 1970.[ISER: Ref. Z1501 B3 1970; NAL: Z1501 C33]

1889. BAKER, E.C. A Guide to Records in the Leeward Islands. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, for the UWI, 1965. [BDD]

1890. BAYITCH, S.A. Latin America and the Caribbean: A Bibliographical Guide to Works in English. Reviewed in Caribbean Studies 9

1891. BROWN, Adlith, and BREWSTER, Havelock. "A Review of the Study of Economics in the English-Speaking Caribbean." Social and Economic Studies 23 (March 1974): 48-68.

1892. COMITAS, Lambros. The Complete Caribbeana, 1900-1975: A Bibliographic Guide to the Scholarly Literature. 4 vols. Millwood, N.Y.: KTO Press, 1977.

1893. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux. Abstracts. [Computer printout can be obtained from the NAL.]

1894. CORNFORTH, I.S. Bibliography of Soil Science and Fertilizer Agronomy for the Commonwealth Caribbean. St. Augustine, Trinidad: UWI, 1969 [BDD]

1895. GILL, Michael E., ed. Directory of Libraries and Librarians in Barbados. 0 Bridgetown: Library Association of Barbados, 1972.

1896. HENDERSON, Thomas H., and MAHABIR, Sandra. Fifty Years of Research in Tropical Agriculture--A Bibliography, 1922-1972. St. Augustine, Trinidad: DAE, UWI, 1976. Pp. 180. [SAIG]

1897. HILLS, Theo L., comp. Caribbean Topics: Theses in Canadian University Libraries. Montreal: Centre for Developing Area Studies, McGill University, 1967-69. 2 vols.

1898. McDOWELL, James. "Information on Food Processing Equipment: List of Descrip­ tive Literature Held at Trinidad Centre, Caribbean Food and Nutrition Centre, UWI." Document No. CFNI-T-19-73. St. Augustine, Trinidad, 1973. 195

1899. MARSHALL, T.G., ed. A Bibliography of the Commonwealth Caribbean Peasantry. Occasional Bibliography Series No. 3. Cave Hill, Barbados, UWI/ISER, 1975. Pp. vi + 47.

1900. MINKEL, Clarence W. and ALDERMAN, Ralph H. A Bibliography of British Honduras, 1900-1970. East Lansing, Mich., 1970. 1901. POSNETT, N.W., and REILLY, P.M. Belize (British Honduras). Land Resource Bibliography No. 3. Surbiton, Eng.: Land Resources Division, Overseas Development Administration, 1973. [BDD] 1902. United Kingdom.Commonwealth Bureau of Agricultural Economics. The Caribbean-- General: Agricultural Situation and Prospects. Annotated Bibliography, Series D, No.l. Oxford, 1974. Pp. 11. [NAL: Z5074 E3 C62] 1903. -- The Caribbean--Lesser Antilles: Agricultural Situation and Prospects Annotated Bibliography, Series D, No. 4. Oxford, 1974. Pp. 13. [NAL: Z5074 E3 C62]

1904. ----. Ministry of Overseas Development. British Development Division in the Caribbean. A Catalogue of West Indian Publications Available in the Library of the British Development Division in the Caribbean. Bridgetown, Barbados, December 1973. [BDD] 1905. University of the West Indies.Department of Agricultural Extension. Ab­ stracts of Graduate Students' Research in Agriculture, 1971-1973. St. Augustine, Trinidad, December 1973. Pp. 24. 1906 - Abstracts of Graduate Students' Research in Agriculture, 1974­ 1976." Research Summaries No. 2. St. Augustine, Trinidad, December 1977. Pp. 50. 1907. ----. Institute of Social and Economic Research (Eastern Caribbean). A Bibliography of the Caribbean. Occasional Bibliography Series, No. 1. Cave Hill, Barbados, September 1974. Pp. 167. [USAID/B]

1908. WILKINSON, Audine. The Caribbean Sugar Industry: A Select Bibliography. Occasional Bibliography Series No. 4. Cave Hill, Barbados: Institute of Social and Economic Research, University of the West Indies, May 1976. Pp. xv + 87. [USAID/B]

See also Reference No. 652. CROP. INDEX

Arrowroot: 353,984,1824,1825,1834,1835,1840,1844,1857,1861.

Avocados: 157,361,1061,1062,2540,1642,1731,1771,1861.

Bananas: 35,66,67,103,114,118,172,179,190,226,268,329,361,446,468,485,486, 49 9 ,520,537,543,549,550,559,606,61i,684,685,737,738,739,740,741,742,743, 744,74 5 ,746,747,748,749,750,751,755,756,757,758,759,761,763,764,765,766, 8 8 8 86 767,768,769,770,772,773,774,775,776,777,779,780,781,7 82,7 3,7 4,7 5,7 , 787,1237,1253,1321,1387,1394,14oo,1422,1435,1444,1455,1465,1479,1539, 1553,1558,1630,1642,1724,1731,1744,1747,1757,1765,1766,1767,1785,1796, 18o4,1822,1861,1869.

Beans, red kidney: 1247.

Beets: 1031.

Blackeyed peas: 180.

Bodie beans: 275,373,1861.

Cabbages: 180,613,728,1031,1642,1731.-

Carrots: 180,961,974,1031,1642,1731,1835,1861.

Cashews: 1731,1769.

Cassava: 278,293,718,1861.

Cauliflower: 180.

Citrus fruits: 361,383,445,469,508,520,648,679,690,691,693,908,1126,1249, 1272,1280,1332,1341,1342,1343,1413,1430,1435,1488,1492,1634,1635,1642, 1861.

Cocoa: 226,403,503,520,636,661,1503,1514,1515,1558,1586,1587.

Coconuts: 330,511,514,520,734,1o40,1397,1414,1415,1435,1461,1465,1473, 1491,1492,1536,1565,1567,1568,1727,1731,1737,1764,1775,1789,1855,1861.

Coffee: 520.

Corn: 48,49,51,53,140,222,226,265,294,327,535,736,979,1056,1057,1189,1861.

Cotton: 1,33,34,147,520,617,631,696,812,829,842,974,1043,1202,1203,1205, 1608,1856,1861. 197

Cowpeas: 361. Cucumbers: 180,361,729,1731,1742. Dasheen: 565,567,1394.

Eddoes: 565,567.

Eggplant: 180,361,1642,1731.

Essential oils: 20,648,1383,1385,14o1,1435,1452,1486,1494.

Fruits, general: 232,257,273,502,584,587,1424,1508,1751.

Garlic: 180.

Ginger: 1861.

Grains, general: 1239.

Grasses: 26,161,249,251,265,319,324,432,433,519,520,603,692,913,1129,1130, 1245,1295,1313,1325,1326,1642,1663.

Horticultural crops, general: 37,93,140,150,257,361,367,391,465,478,584, 587,708,799,808,829,841,848,887,913,926,948,956,961,967,974,977,1031, 1032,1042,1051,1072,1073,1o84,1108,1109,1111,1136,1519,1608,168o,1682, 1741,1751,1761,1832,1861. Legumes. forage: 414,667,1300,1312,1337,1663.

Legumes, grain: 117,140,165,180,265,464,465,551,596,628,629,1642,1861.

Lettuce: 180,1031,1731. Mangoes: 320,361,1574,1575,1642,131',1771,1861.

Nutmegs: 1516,1517,1533,1550,1552,1557,1558,1560,1561,1861.

Oil palm: 1278.

Okra: 180.

Onions: 180,955,961,974,1045,1149,1642.

Papaya (pawpaw): 361,1642,1661,1771.

Peanuts: 55,321,686,970,1095,1154,1816,1838,1845,1851,1861,1876.

Peppers: 180,361,526,1044,1394,1642,1668.

Pigeon peas: 28,71,180,210,222,231,325,341,342,343,505,528,579,614,704.

Pineapple: 520,591.

Plantains: 1394. 198

Potatoes, Irish: 565,567,969,1749,1861.

Pumpkins: 180,361,1731.

Rice: 419,1274,1301.

Root crops, general: 140,214,232,266,276,366,389,408,464,465,565,567,568, 569,615,630,829,913,926,967,975,976,989,1072,1073,1084,1108,1109,1435, 1487,1519,1662,1861.

Shallots: 180,1031.

Soybeans: 180,347.

Spices, general: 20,1861.

String beans: 1031.

Sugarcane: 2,3,4,17,39,40,58,62,69,73,74,83,84,90,114,135,136,170,181,195, 225,228,246,254,257,299,312,313,314,315,316,322,338,374,385,387,388,417, 421,422,440,495,501,520,524,531,538,541,542,552,553,558,581,64,610,61.2, 625,638,671,678,700,701,720,798,829,834,838,843,845,846,858,860,861,862, 878,879,885,892,893,900,901,902,903,904,905,907,913,917,918,920,921,922, 923,928,929,930,931,942,943,947,949,950,951,953,958,959,967,974,982,986, 987,1001,1002,1Ooh,1005,1oo6,1007,1oo8,1009,1010,1011,1012,1o4,1016, 1017,1019,1021,1022,1023,1024,1025,1026,1027,1028,1036,1039 ,1048,1052, 1053,1054,1055,1063,1064,1o66,1068,1077,1078,1079,1o8o,1o8,1o82,1o83, 1089,1090,1091,1092,1093,1097,1103,11o4,1105,1115,1118,1119,1124,1125, 1132,1133,1139,1141,1150,1159,1160,1161,1162,1163,1164,1165,1174,1175, 1176,1179,1180,1181,1185,1186,1187,1188,1197,1198,1199,1227,1240,1244, 1282,1289,1308,1320,1330,1339,1511,1534,1535,1585,1647,1648,1649,1651, 1652,1653,1656,1657,1678,1680,1686,1687,1688,1690,1697,1700,1701,1705, 1714,1753,1768,1781,1786,1802,1817,1823,1846,1853,1861,1874,1875,1908.

Sweet potatoes: 52,265,435,529,565,566,567,585,589,705,857,104l,I170, 1642,1835,1851.

Tannias: 328,565,1851.

Tobacco: 1284,1861.

Tomatoes: 180,361,548,563,730,731,762,1044,1142,1592,1642,1731,1743.'

Vanilla: 1386.

Watermelons: 180.

Wheat, imported: 233,293,516,517,518,590.

Yams: 138,265,274,277,279,323,326,471,472,473,492,493,494,565,566,567,585, 881,933,957,966,971,972,973,978,988,990,1037,1041,1046,1084,1088,1851. GENERAL INDEX

Agriculture, general: 10,56,58,65,76,106,116,119,124,158,159,184,188,216, 217,224,243,272,424,430,431,442,512,560,575,592,593,635,649,714,715,719, 721,723,727,809,846,849,850,851,912,926,927,960 964,965,967,974,982,983, 992,1031,1032,1033,1034,1035,1036,1049,1o67,1071,1098,1105,1108,1109, 1115,1116,1117,1120,1121.,1123,1195,1206,1224,1231,1 33,1234,1235,1241, 1246,1250,1251,1252,1262 ,±269 ,1271,1285,1289,1290 ,1310,1311,1328,1334, 1336,1351,1353,1374,1375,1387,1395,1399,1410,1416,1417,1431,1432,1444, 1446,1460,1467,1475,1479,1480,1481,1489,1490,1496,1499,1502,1509,1510, 1518,1519,1523,1537,1544,1556,1564,1590,1596,1608,1619,1646,1651,1659, 1680,1681,1682,1696,1713,1726,1731,1755,1810,1829,1831,1833,1837,1841, 1845,1846,1847,1848,1902,1903.

Apiculture: 1296,1319.

Cooperatives and producers' associations: 695,696,700,701,890,901,984, 1257,1396,1398,1426,1452,1464,1467,1482,1484,1524,1533,1539,1550,1752, 1789.

Credit: 45,50,129,130,156,158,159,234,430,510,597,642,713,891,900,934, 1038,1119,1144,1146,1228,1255,1283,1411,1412,1436,1467,1524,1602,1616, 1674,1746,1784,1836.

Crop diseases and pests; weeds; crop protection: 6,37,73,74,75,90,92,93, 117,138,174,175,260,276,329,330,340,344,345,346,348,349,350,351,352,361, 383,407,408,409,435,471,472,473,492,493,494,525,526,527,528,529,531,546, 547,596,610,612,613,614,615,616,617,626,628,717,718,742,743,744,745,746, 747,748,749,756,759,764,808,848,857,858,859,860,861,862,881,883,902,908, 917,933,957,988,990,1026,1037,1046,1051,1o62,1083,1084,1087,1094,1095, 1096,i111,1118,1126,1137,1139,1142,1149,1169,1179,1180,1181,1260,1272, 1280,1293,1294,1301,1321,1327,1404,1422,1470,1503,1505,1542,1567,1568, 1573,1538,1592,1648,1649,1650,1653,1727,1743,1764,1795,1879. (See also Crop Index)

Economic development, general: 41,43,57,59,62,63,64,79,80,86.87.94,108, 109,173,218,235,236,237,239,242,245,259,271,304,309,310,311,364,375,377, 382,393,395.400,402,418,426,427,436,441,451,479,49o,512,515,5,58,559, 573,598,607,639,645,646,653,654,655,675,688,689,722,726,735,820,829,831, 844 ,865,889,9o6,1o67,1107,1112,1145,1210,1215,1268,1269,1292,1331,1335, 1338,1355,1:60,1364,1365,1366,1369,1372,1374,1380,1382,1402,1403,1472, 1477,1538,1555,1577,1578,1579,1582,1631,1632,1633,1654,1705,1706,1707, 1708,1716,1717,1719,1722,1763,1800,1801,1818,1830,1867,1871,1872,1873, 1875,1882,1885.

Educatio-: 5,11,415,466,663,1344,1509,1510,1593. 200

Emigration: 227,318,436,533,573,577,945,1348,1423,1449,1476,1563,1564, 1576,16o6,1622,1623,1624,1625,1669,1670.

Employment, productivity, and wages: 5,38,128,219,220,238,240,362,363,416, 431,455,497,565,571,576,600,602,637,711,834,835,837,896,905,945,946.,959, 985,986,987,1010,1052,1053,1054,1089,1090,1091,1092,1147,1156,1211,1213, 1214,1229,1281,1352,1356,1357,1376,1423,1425,1426,1453,1476,1490,1541, 1544,1564,1627,1666,1680,iT03,1719,1744,1790,1805,1806,1863.

Extension: 11,46,288,367,368,369,370,371,372,384,415,466,467,487,663,664, 666,753,754,755,823,880,938,994,1467,1500,1509,1510,1571,1572,1593,1646, 1723,1724,1868.

Fertilizers and chemicals: 48,110,295,499,530,535,690,692,758,771,775,789, 879,885s928,929,953,958,966,973,1077,1078,1079,1080,1245,1330,1332,1341, 1.342,1509,1510,1832. (See alto Crop diseases and pests; weeds; and crop protection)

Fishing: 29,30,104,105,178,182,211,252,283,285,291,292,404,405,406,410, 411,439,488,534,545,570,633,673,676,677,709,710,712,801,826,847,867,868, 995,1102,1184,1201,1207,1263,1264,1265,1266,1270,1377,1474,1483,1521, 1570,1584,1637,1709,1729,1731,1740,1803,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812, 1813,1814,1820,1839,1878.

Food and feed precessing; agro-industry: 15,69,83,161,162,169,170,185,186, 187,193,215,254,258,273,276,319,324,432,433,511,520,521,522,523,524,552, 553,579,582,583,584,585,586,587,588,589,590,595,648,660,734,793,818,838, 839 ,843 ,845,846,88h,886,892,893,936,937,971,972,975,997,1039,1040,1055, 1066,1121,1150,1171,1240,1242 ;1244 ,1261,1274,1308 ,1383,138h ,1385,1386, 1401,1424 ,1425,1452,1458,1465,i473,1485,1486,1494,1495,1518,1534 ,1535, 1548,1557,1565,1566,1585,1600,1628,1651,1652,1678,1686,169o,1697,1700, 101,1737 ,1747,1753,1768 ,1775,1781,1785 ,1786,1791,1792 ,1802,1817 ,1823, 1824,1828,1838,1850,1853,1855,1856,1864,1874,1875,1898,1908.

Food demand: 145,233,462,481,608,657,658,871,915,974,1679,1852.

Food import substitution: 100,101,127,142,232,284,293,380,459,514,516,517, 518,539,582,586,590,964,974,1031,1074,1121,1364,1544. (See also Agri­ culture, general)

Food prices, retail: 32,335,376,449,460,899,962,1086,1612.

Foreign assistance: 70,77,132,133,209,253,515,643.

Forestry: 286,627,1210,1211,1286,1287,1288,1297,1298,1307,1346,1367,1391, 1393,1425,1428,1434,1445,1446,1454,1462,1463,1485,1504,1513,1530,1543, 1551,1731,1736,1745,1797.

Income and levels of living: 227,297,308,374,470,796,803,833,985,986,987, 993,994,1158,1211,1213,1258,1289,1354,1388,1423,1426,1509,1510,1547,1564, 1606,1624,1669,1670,1684. (See also Small farmers)

Irrigation and water resources: 123,281,420,461,752,790,805,806,807,814, 815,816,817,825,827,840,852,952,998,1001,1002,1003,1007,1008,1009,1013, 1016,1022,1047,1141,1151,1167,1363,1373,1378,1468,1549,1569,1589,1598, 1604,1629,1638,1640,1672,173,1704,1720,1721,1731,1793,1822,1865,1870,188.. 201

Land tenure, land settlement, and agrarian reform: 16,60,61,86,88,89,112, 113,176,183,280,296,317,378,379,475,509,800,803,804,981,996,1035,1225, 1250,1251,1299,1389,1396,1409,1421,1426,1437,1451,1457,1464,1467,1469, 1476,1482,1489,1490,1496,1508,1509,1510,1547,1591,1595,1611,1626,1636, 1641,1647,1688,1690,1738,1739,1756,1758,1760.

Livestock: 8,25,26,31,69,83,95,118,135,146,161,212,223,247,248,249,250, 251,261,319,324,380,414,421,432,433,462,463,481,482,483,484,500,507,519, 520,521,522,523,524,552,553,569,574,595,603,671,674,703,788,793,794,803, 811,822,828,882,914,936,937,947,963,968,980,997,1029,1030,1039,104o,1055, 1099,1100,1113,1114,1121,1127,1128,1129,1130,1155,1232,1238,1242,1243, 1254,1259,1261,1273,1279,1291,1295,1300,1303,1304,1312,1313,1325,1326, 1337,1359,1427,1442,1443,1450,1465,1522,1545,1546,1594,1599,1607,1608, 1618,1628,1639,1643,1658,1660,1663,1665,1677,1683,1711,1712,1728,1730, 1731,1752,1762,1770,1791,1843,1849,1864.

Marketing (including drying and storage): 19,29,72,150,168,289,437,447, 448,4 50, 481,491,5 4o,549,565,587,623,624,634,702,750,751,757,767,776,799, 810,824,832,851,863,894,9lo,916,961,977,984,1056,1057,1072,1073,1088, 1136,1140,1152,1156,1174,1189,1204,1212,1250,1304,1318,1322,1d3,1394, 1413,1426,1430,1452,1456,l467,1481,1487,1489,1497,15o6,1507,i525,1540, 1560,1562,1574,1597,1616,1621,1664,1671,1676,1734,1736,1750,1757,1759, 1782,1798,1804,1854. (See also Trade)

Mechanization: 71,125,136,210,228,231,276,290,299,347,365,505,506,542,563, 564,809,907,918,959,967,973,989,1000,1004,l01l,1014,1017,1019,1024,1026, 1035,1041,1048,1076,1124,1125,1189,1202,1239,1309,1329,1657,1834,1835, 1857.

Meteorology: 171,339,391,486,489,620,819,1007,1015,1020,1058,1059,1065, 1101,1103,1104,1138,1141,1148,1166,1168,1172,1173,1196,1340,1435,1749.

Nutrition: 7,24,32,36,42,44,95,121,122,165,166,167,196,197,198,199,287, 332,333,334,335,376,396,397,398,399,434,449,457,458,462,480,572,618,632, 724,813,824,888,915,924,1110,1157,1158,1226,1256,1306,1314,1512,1603, 1645,1671,1T32,1733,1748,1780,1783,1815,1880.

Planning: 146,173,241,337,441,482,791,792,795,870,872,873,874,875,1122, 1178,1221,1222,1223,1271,1370,1392,1406,1407,1408,1418,1419,1526,1530, 1531,1532,1538,1581,1593,1614,1615,1691,1692,1694,1695,1698,1778,1779, 1787,1788,1858,1859,1861.

Population: 919,991,1060,1819,1866.

Production, general: 72,111,298,483,568,634,841,851,961,1460,1507,1523, 1696,1754,1832.

Productior costs: 4,34,39,40,160,338,385,446,542,550,565,739,766,101o, 1121,1248,1258,1276,1492,1493,1494,1558,1642,1681,1682,1765,1766,1767, 1821,1851.

Regional integration. (See Trade, intra-regional)

Research, crop-specific. (See Crop Index and Reference No. 1896) 202

Research, general: 11,36,131,137,139,340,194,225,226,265,415,464,465,466, 467,532,557,663,670,732,1467,1699,1896.

Rural development: 62,91,102,163,386,536,656,1426,1459,1772,1773,1774. (See also Small farmers)

Small farmers: 243,262,26)4,267,301,353,386,476,477,478,496,498,605,694, 796,802,803,832,833,912,920,927,981,982,983,985,986,993,994,1031,1055, l075,1085,l098,1206,1211,1217,1249,1258,1269,1289,1476,1479,1496,1499, 1508,1509,1510,1554,1613,±636,1680,1681,1682,1735,1741,1899. (See also Land tenure; Rural development)

Soils and land use: 12,13,14,54,115,200,201,202,203,204,205,206,207,221, 281,294,307,354,355,356,357,358,359,360,412,461,497,509,580,594,621,622, 680,681,682,683,584,685,687,733,760,761,762,771,778,790,803,821,853,854, 855,856,866,913,925,932,935,939,94,941,942,943,944,950,954,999,lool, 1002,1003,1006,1007,1018,1022,1023,1025,1050,1069,1081 1106,1121,1131, 1143,1153,1167,1182,1183,1190,1191,1192,1193,1194,1200,1208,1216,1245, 1251,1267,1315,316,1317,1323,1324,1333,1345,1347,1361,1363,1368,1379, 1381,1395,1429,1433,1435,1438,1439,1.440,1441,1447,1466,1 7,1498,1501, 1508,1526,1527,1528,1583,1586,1587,1601,1605,1641,1655,!667,1675,1710, 1711,1749,1794,1799,1826,1827,1842,1862,1866,1868,1877,1894,l90l.

Statistics: 143,164,255,256,263,282,302,423,432,474,483,504,513,537,592, 609,644,647,650,651,657,668,669,697,698,699,716,785,797,830,869,871,876, 877,897,898,899,909,911,1219,1220,1230,1232,1236,1302,1305,1349,1350, 1358,1364,1371,1390,1405,1448,1471.1488,1580,1610,1612,1617,1620,1679, 1684,1685,1689,1702,1705,174,1715,1718,1763,1776,1777,186o,1884.

Technology: 126,128,213,214,266,276,277,443,463,566,755,783,8o9,973,980, 1042,1177,1195,1211,1246,1270,1276,1277,1291,1310,1311,132a,1489. (See also Mechanization; Small farmers)

Tourism and agriculture: 107,108,109,177,230,391,426,437,688,725,831,836, 864,865,1609,1644,1761.

Trade, external: 3,4,17,18,67,77,98,103,111,114,151,152,153,154,155,189, 195,209,253,257,306,312,313,3J;4,315,316,331,385,387,388,390,392,394,401, 417,438,446,451,454,538,541,542,543,550,555,575,599,611,619,643,657,658, 659,737,738,739,740,741,757,776,1210,1213,1561,1693,1751.

Trade, general: 9,20,143,149,302,303,445,453,456,539,567,569,592,652,719, 818,892,893,895,964,975,1031,1035,1247,1250,1262,1309,1336,1413,1458, 1529,1558,1559,1600,1621,1769,1770,1771,1854,1866.

Trade, intra-regional: 2,21,22,23,68,78,96,97,99,116,120,141,142,144,148, 168,191,192,229,234,235,236,237,239,244,245,298,305,381,425,428,429,438, 439,448,452,491,500,54o,544,556,561,562,601,624,640,641,642,649,672,706, 81o,829,1218,1238,1275,1394,1467,1475,1553,1832,1845.

Transport, internal: 270,444,707,1250,1320,1489,1725,1731.

Transport, ocean: 81,85,270,300,381,413,444,554,578,1420,1475,1489,1575, 1883.

Women in development: 82,336,987,1070.