DOCSLIB.ORG

A Proposal to Conduct a Caribbean Plate Project Involving the Application of Space Technology to the Study of Caribbean Geology

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

General Disclaimer One or more of the Following Statements may affect this Document This document has been reproduced from the best copy furnished by the organizational source. It is being released in the interest of making available as much information as possible. This document may contain data, which exceeds the sheet parameters. It was furnished in this condition by the organizational source and is the best copy available. This document may contain tone-on-tone or color graphs, charts and/or pictures, which have been reproduced in black and white. This document is paginated as submitted by the original source. Portions of this document are not fully legible due to the historical nature of some of the material. However, it is the best reproduction available from the original submission. Produced by the NASA Center for Aerospace Information (CASI) A PROPOSAI. TO CONDUCT A CARIBBEAN PLATE PROJECT INVOLVING THE APPLICATION OF SPACE TECHNOLOGY TO THE STUDY OF CARIBBEAN GEOLOGY LPI Technical Report Number 81-02 LUNAR AND PLANETARY INSTITUTE 3303 NASA ROAD I HOUSTON, TEXAS 77058 1\ A PROPOSAL TO CONDUCT A CARIBBEAN PLATE PROJECT INVOLVING THE APPLICATION OF SPACE TECHNOLOGY TO THE STUDY OF CARIBBEAN GEOLOGY Editor: Geoffrey Wadge Lunar and Planetary Institute 3303 NASA Road 1 Houston, Texas 77058 LPI Technical Report 51-02 Compiled in 1981 by the LUNAR AND PLANETARY INSTITUTE The Institute is operated by Universities Space Research Association under Contract N AS W-3389 with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Material in this document may be copied without restraint for library, abstract service, educational or personal research purposes; however, republication of any portion requires the written permission of the authors as well as appropriate acknowledgment of this publication. This report may be cited as: Wadge, G.(1981) A Proposal to Conduct a Caribbean Plate Project Involving the Application of Space Technology to the Study of Caribbean geology. LPI Tech. Rpt. 81-02. Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston. 47 pp. This report is distributed by: LIBRARY/ INFORMATION CENTER Lunar and Planetary Institute 3303 NASA Road I Houston, TX 77058 Mail order requestors will be invoiced for the cost of postage and handling. Cover: LA NDSA Timage ofsouthwestern Nicaragua and northwestern Costa Rica. The volcanoes extending into Lake Nicaragua lie above the subducting Cocos plate to the west. The Santa Elena peninsula in the south is part u!a Late Cretaceous ophiolite accreted onto the Caribbean plate. a Contents Executive Summary Introduction Project Goals and Strategy Significance of Caribbean Geology Project Organization and Manageme Summary I. Project Description A. Historical Background B. Goals C. Research Themes D. Strategy E. Organization F. Schedule G. Products II. Project Research A. Geological History of the Caribt Island arc evolution Temporal changes in tectonic regim B. Characterization of the Plate Int C. Active Processes at the Plate Bc Structural and tectonic variations Volcanic variations D. Mineral Resources: Occurrence III. Project Organization A. Overview B. Technical Management C. Support Services D. Reporting of Results and Expen E. Final Report Appendix A: Research Plan A. Geological History of the Plate Island Arc Evolution Current Understanding Plate motions Arc structure Problems Approach W Temporal Changes in Tectonic Regimes Current Understanding Problems Approach B. Characterization of the Plate Interior 20 Cc ent Understanding Prob+. is Approach Gravity W and magnetic field Investigation of mantle properties through analysis of seismic uwve propagation C. Active Processes at the Plate Boundaries 24 Structural and Tectonic Variations Current Understanding Problems Approach Variations in Volcanism Current Understanding Problems Rates of magma accumulation and eruption Eruptive gases and particles Magmatic evolution and uolconic structure Segmentation of volcanic arcs Approach D. Mineral Resources: Occurrence and Genesis 34 Current Understanding Distribution Processes of mineralization Problems Approach Appendix B Steering Group Members 41 Appendix C Participants, Caribbean Plate Workshop 43 References 45 Executive Summary Intro6iction The Caribbean plate is a geo;ogleal feature which is bounded to the north by the Greater Antlies isles (extending from Jamaica to Puerto Rico), to the east by the Lesser Antilles (extending from the Virgin Islands to Grenada), to the south by the northernmost portion of the South American continent, and to the west by the west coast of Central America. It is one of several semi-rigid bodies, referred to as tectonic plates, which form the outer portion of the solid earth. Motions of these plates in relation to one another are responsible for the majority of earthquakes that have occurred in historic time. On a geological time scale, the relative motions of tectonic plates are responsible for the formation of continental mountain chains and for the concentration of mineral deposits within certain portions of the earth 's crust. Project Goals and Strategy The Caribbean Plate Project envisioned in this proposal is an interdisciplinary, multi -institutional, scientific project designed to improve current understanding of geological resources and geological hazards within the Caribbean region. The twin goals of the Project are: 1) to develop improved models of mineral occurrence and genesis (including energy resources) on a regional scale, which can contribute to future nonrenewable resource investigations, and 2) to develop improved models of lithospheric stress and strain on a regional scale, which can eventually contribute to forecasting geological hazards such as earthquakes and major volcanic eruptions. These goals will be addressed through the synthesis of available geological information and through research using new tools provided by space, technology for the study of the earth's crust. The Project has been organized in a thematic fashion, to focus on specific geological aspects of the Caribbean plate which are considered to be key factors in developing the types of models described above. A condensed description of these scientific themes is provided in Section II and a more thorough discussion is presented in Appendix A. The Caribbean Plate Project is unique in two respects. First, the Project would adopt a synoptic perspective in seeking to chi^racterize the three -dimensional structure, composition, state of stress, and evolution of the entire Caribbean plate. No previous geological study of this nature has attempted to model a tectonic plate of this size and complexity in such a comprehensive fashion. Secondly, the Project seeks to apply existing space technology to the study of the earth's crust and lithosphere in new and innovative ways. Electromagnetic remote sensing and potential field measurement techniques, which have been developed for use at orbital altitudes, are not viewed as replacements for conventional methods of geological research. Rather, geological information derived from analysis of space-acquired data can be combined with informa- tion provided by conventional methods to obtain new insight into the structure, composition, and evolution of the earth's crust. In addition, very long baseline interferometry (VILIN) and laser ranging techniques, which are also based upon the use of space technology, obtain unique information concerning crustal motion that, in turn, provides insight into the distribution and localization of crustal stress. Significance of Caribbean Geology The Caribbean region is an important source of nonrenewable resources at the present time, and its importance as a producer of geological commodities is likely to increase in the future. The region now exports significant quantities of oil, bauxite and alumina, and copper. It also produces mineral resources of strategic importance such as manganese, tungsten, and chromium. There is a king history of exploration and mining of precious metals within the Caribbean. The oldest and largest open-pit gold mine in the Western Hemisphere is found here. 2 In addition to geological resources, the Caribbean also contains diverse geological hazards which threaten the lives and livelihood of its inhabitants. Major earthquakes occur relatively frequently, particularly in Central America. In the last ten years, major earthquakes in Guatemala and Nicaragua have killed tons of thousands of people, and have devastated national economies. Volcanic eruptions also occur frequently within the region, resulting in loss of life and livelihood. For example, inhabitants of two islands in the Lesser Antilles, Guadeloupe and St. Vincent, have had to be evacuated from threatening explosive eruptions of neighboring volcanoes. Finally, the Caribbean possesses several distinctive geological characteristics which are of interest from a purely scientific point of view. The Caribbean plate is one of the smallest lithospheric plates with readily recognizable tectonic 5oundaries. The Cayman Rise, a miniature seafloor spreading center, forms part of the boundary. Elsewhere both convergent and transform boundaries are well developed, so the plate contains examples of all essential plate boundary features. Oceanic crust is being actively subducted beneath its eastern and western margins, and volcanic arcs are currently being constructed. !n the Lesser Antilles, Atlantic oceanic crust is underthrusting Caribbean oceanic crust; whereas in Central America, oceanic crust forming the Pacific seafloor is being subducted
Recommended publications
  • Copyright by Brandt Gustav Peterson 2005

    Copyright by Brandt Gustav Peterson 2005

    Copyright by Brandt Gustav Peterson 2005 The Dissertation Committee for Brandt Gustav Peterson Certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Unsettled Remains: Race, Trauma, and Nationalism in Millennial El Salvador Committee: Charles R. Hale Supervisor Richard R. Flores Edmund T. Gordon Jeffrey L. Gould Suzanna B. Hecht Kathleen Stewart Unsettled Remains: Race, Trauma, and Nationalism in Millennial El Salvador by Brandt Gustav Peterson, B.A.; M.A.; M.S. Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Texas at Austin December, 2005 Dedication To the memory of Begoña Aretxaga. Acknowledgements It was my pleasure and good fortune to accrue a great many debts in researching and writing this dissertation, debts that emerged within and alongside friendships and commitments. I have tried to live up to those multiple commitments in producing this document, an effort that has created much of what I regard as most fruitful and successful in this work. In El Salvador, I am deeply thankful to the people of Tacuba who shared with me their town, their rural landscape, and their experiences. I am especially grateful to the people of the three coffee cooperatives who welcomed me into their homes and communities, patiently and with great good humor listened to my endless questions, and shared their experiences and hopes with me. I am equally indebted to the activists who admitted me to their world, sharing with me their everyday practices and their candid sense of the trials and successes of their projects.
  • Mombacho Lodge

    Mombacho Lodge

    Mombacho Lodge Granada, Nicaragua About Mombacho Lodge ust north of the great city of Granada, Nicaragua lies Mombacho Lodge in full view of the volcano of its namesake. Here Jyou will find some of the best White-winged dove hunting in the world. This simple open-air lodge affords great comfort and service located in a private compound just off the highway that leads to the nearby hunting fields. Come and visit one of the most beautiful and safe hunting areas in the Americas. Theour outfitter Outfitter will be the hard working Taino Family Yconsisting of father Bruno and his two sons Frederico and Carlo. Together they have a combined 40 plus years of operating dove and duck hunts in both Mexico and Nicaragua. They are truly a team and understand the hospitality business and often host trips to nearby Granada and its famous Calle La Calzada, along with visits to the Masaya Volcano and Laguna de Apoyo Crater Lake. They have the proper equipment, experience and staff to make your stay an enjoyable one. The Hunting uring the last 43 years Trek has arranged or inspected dove hunts Din every country in Central America and we have noted a change in the migration patterns of the White-winged dove. Traditionally they migrate south to Central America in late October and back to the U.S.in late March, but in recent times they are becoming more and more domesticated. With improved irrigation technology farmers are now able to grow crops like, peanuts, sorghum and corn year round offering White-wings plenty to eat and less of a reason to fly hundreds of miles north.
  • Motorcycle Tour

    Motorcycle Tour

    +49 (0)40 468 992 48 Mo-Fr. 10:00h to 19.00h Nicaragua - Volcanoes and Lakes - Motorcycle Tour (M-ID: 2179) https://www.motourismo.com/en/listings/2179-nicaragua-volcanoes-and-lakes-motorcycle-tour from €3,350.00 Dates and duration (days) On request 16 days 11/26/2021 - 12/11/2021 16 days 12/17/2021 - 01/01/2022 16 days 03/18/2022 - 04/02/2022 16 days Nicaragua is one of the poorest but also one of the safest countries in Central America. It's perfect for discovering it by motorbike. The country is authentic and the people are very friendly road, we get a wonderful view of the Momotombo volcano and helpful. Here there are still many quiet and unpaved at Lake Xolotlan. In the village of La Paz Centro we take a roads "off the beaten track". It offers a lot of variety in a shortcut again and arrive in the beautiful city of León, the relatively small area. cultural, religious and intellectual heart of Nicaragua. Start and destination of our trip is the oldest city of Central DAY 3: LEÓN (100 km) America, Granada. A beautiful colonial city with beautiful Today's a day off. You have time to visit the old colonial cobblestone streets, impressive churches and cathedrals, city. If you prefer motorcycling, you can take a tour of the countless restored colonial buildings and cosy plazas. We volcanic chains from Leòn, as well as a detour to visit the active volcano Masaya and look into its smoking Chichigalpa, where the world-famous rum comes from.
  • 50 Archaeological Salvage at El Chiquirín, Gulf Of

    50 Archaeological Salvage at El Chiquirín, Gulf Of

    50 ARCHAEOLOGICAL SALVAGE AT EL CHIQUIRÍN, GULF OF FONSECA, LA UNIÓN, EL SALVADOR Marlon Escamilla Shione Shibata Keywords: Maya archaeology, El Salvador, Gulf of Fonseca, shell gatherers, Salvage archaeology, Pacific Coast, burials The salvage archaeological investigation at the site of El Chiquirín in the department of La Unión was carried out as a consequence of an accidental finding made by local fishermen in November, 2002. An enthusiast fisherman from La Unión –José Odilio Benítez- decided, like many other fellow countrymen, to illegally migrate to the United States in the search of a better future for him and his large family. His major goal was to work and save money to build a decent house. Thus, in September 2002, just upon his arrival in El Salvador, he initiated the construction of his home in the village of El Chiquirín, canton Agua Caliente, department of La Unión, in the banks of the Gulf of Fonseca. By the end of November of the same year, while excavating for the construction of a septic tank, different archaeological materials came to light, including malacologic, ceramic and bone remains. The finding was much surprising for the community of fishermen, the Mayor of La Unión and the media, who gave the finding a wide cover. It was through the written press that the Archaeology Unit of the National Council for Culture and Art (CONCULTURA) heard about the discovery. Therefore, the Archaeology Unit conducted an archaeological inspection at that residential place, to ascertain that the finding was in fact a prehispanic shell deposit found in the house patio, approximately 150 m away from the beach.
  • Plan De Accion Powpa Nicaragua 2012 Sinap 290512 Parte I

    Plan De Accion Powpa Nicaragua 2012 Sinap 290512 Parte I

    N I C A R A G U A Mayo, 2012 Plan de Acción para la Implementación del Programa de Trabajo sobre Áreas Protegidas de la Convención sobre la Diversidad Biológica Nicaragua, 2012 1 Contenido Información de las áreas protegidas:............................................................................................................3 Descripción del sistema de áreas protegidas................................................................................................7 Avance y Planes para la Consecución de los Objetivos del Programa de Trabajo Sobre Áreas Protegidas13 Planes de acción para completar las actividades prioritarias para la total implementación del Programa de Trabajo sobre Áreas Protegidas.............................................................................................................14 Áreas Protegidas Terrestres........................................................................................................................14 Áreas Protegidas Marino Costeros .............................................................................................................16 Evaluación de los vacíos ecológicos............................................................................................................23 Evaluación de la Efectividad del Manejo ....................................................................................................24 Evaluación de la sostenibilidad financiera..................................................................................................25 Evaluación
  • 70 5 HISTORIAL DE DESASTRES 5.1 Antecedentes Históricos Guatemala

    70 5 HISTORIAL DE DESASTRES 5.1 Antecedentes Históricos Guatemala

    EVALUACION DE LA VULNERABILIDAD ESTRUCTURAL DE LOS EDIFICIOS DE USO PÚBLICO EN EL MUNICIPIO DE PATULUL, DEPARTAMENTO DE SUCHITEPEQUEZ. 5 HISTORIAL DE DESASTRES diferentes eventos con potencial destructivo en Guatemala conviene enunciar algunos datos históricos 5.1 Antecedentes Históricos al respecto. Guatemala es un país extraordinariamente dotado de una belleza natural, pero pocas personas conocen que Los primeros registros de la cultura Maya se ubican en esto se debe en gran medida, a eventos que se la época Preclásica que da inicio aproximadamente en conocen hoy como hecatombes. Por ejemplo, el lago de el año 1500 (A. de C.) La cosmovisión de los mayas, Atitlán en Sololá es el resultado de un evento de origen reflejo en ese entonces de su relación con eventos volcánico de enorme magnitud. Este evento destructivos, evidenciándose esto en creencias como la denominado por los vulcanólogos como la erupción de destrucción de mundos anteriores por diluvios... los Chocoyos, ocurrió hace aproximadamente 85 mil De “Ixchel” una de las deidades mayas se señala años, y significó la expulsión de más o menos 150 que aparece también como la personificación del agua metros cúbicos de material, llegando a alturas de 50 como elemento de destrucción, de las inundaciones y kilómetros, que cubrieron un radio de cien kilómetros torrentes de lluvia. En el Popol Vuh se cita a con al menos tres metros de material expulsado. Se “Cabracan”, Dios que se encargaba de sacudir las calcula que las cenizas llegaron más allá de Panamá o montañas grandes y pequeñas, evidenciando la La Florida en Estados Unidos. Este evento de enorme percepción de ciertos fenómenos como provenientes de violencia cambio la geografía de nuestro territorio y designios divinos, fuera del alcance humano, rasgos como constancia dejo un cráter de aproximadamente 1 que pueden identificarse aún hoy en día y que kilómetro de profundidad que hoy ocupa el Lago de constituyen factores de la vulnerabilidad actual en Atitlán.
  • Estudio Técnico De Linea Base Del Complejo Volcánico Acatenango - Fuego

    Estudio Técnico De Linea Base Del Complejo Volcánico Acatenango - Fuego

    ESTUDIO TÉCNICO DE LINEA BASE DEL COMPLEJO VOLCÁNICO ACATENANGO - FUEGO Índice I. EQUIPO TECNICO .....................................................................................................................1 II. RESUMEN EJECUTIVO ...........................................................................................................2 III. ANTECEDENTES.....................................................................................................................3 IV. METODOLOGÍA ......................................................................................................................5 V. CARACTERIZACION DEL ÁREA ........................................................................................10 VI. ACTIVIDADES POTENCIALES ..........................................................................................48 VII. DEFINICIÓN DE OBJETOS DE CONSERVACIÓN ........................................................49 VIII. CONCLUSIONES ................................................................................................................51 IX. RECOMENDACIONES ..........................................................................................................51 X. BIBLIOGRAFIA .......................................................................................................................53 XI. ANEXOS ..................................................................................................................................57 ÍNDICE DE FIGURAS Y CUADROS Figura 1. Delimitación del
  • Aip Guatemala Enr 5.3-1 19 Aug 16 Aim Guatemala Aip Amdt 5/16

    Aip Guatemala Enr 5.3-1 19 Aug 16 Aim Guatemala Aip Amdt 5/16

    AIP GUATEMALA ENR 5.3-1 19 AUG 16 ENR 5.3 OTRAS ACTIVIDADES DE ÍNDOLE PELIGROSA Límites Medidas Autoridad Límites Observaciones Verticales Aconsejables Aconsejables Laterales Elevación y Número (Advertencia) (Advertencia) 1 2 3 4 5 Al Oeste de Guatemala Estrato volcán compuesto, activo con Altura señales de bordes de caldera anular y VOLCÁN TACANÁ 4,092 metros sobre el nivel pequeños domos encima, con esporádicas 15 07 54N del mar y 2,300 de altura erupciones freáticas y emisión fumarólica Con actividad fumarólica no INSIVUMEH 092 06 30W relativa en 1855, 1878, 1903, 1949, 1950, mayo explosiva. 1986 que dio origen a un pequeño cráter Departamento de San Marcos Número 1401-13 a 3,600 metros en el flanco noreste del volcán. VOLCÁN TAJUMULCO Altura 15 02 33N 4,220 metros sobre el nivel Estrato volcán compuesto, elevado sobre 091 54 14W del mar, con una altura altas mesetas con actividad fumarólica y INSIVUMEH relativa de 1,200 metros. explosiones en 1821 y 1863. Departamento de San Marcos Número 1401-02 Estrato volcán compuesto, se estima que ha tenido actividad durante los últimos Altura 30,000 años, con reposos de cientos de VOLCÁN SANTA MARÍA 3,772 metros sobre el nivel años, la última gran erupción se efectuó 14 45 23N del mar, altura relativa de en 1902, de tipo pliniano, la ceniza 91 33 06W 1,500 metros. transportada al oeste noroeste a una INSIVUMEH altura de 28 kilómetros, extendiéndose Departamento de Quetzaltenango Número 1401-03 1,500 kilómetros llegando a territorio Mexicano hasta la ciudad de Huaxaca.
  • Recomendaciones a Fin De Enriquecer Esta Investigación

    Recomendaciones a Fin De Enriquecer Esta Investigación

    RECINTO UNIVERSITARIO RUBÉN DARÍO FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS E INGENIERÍA DEPARTAMENTO DE TECNOLOGÍA INGENIERÍA GEOLÓGICA Seminario de graduación para optar a título de Ingeniero Geólogo. ACTUALIZACIÓN CARTOGRÁFICA Y GEOQUÍMICA DE AGUAS TERMALES DEL SUR DEL VOLCÁN MOMBACHO ORIENTADO A PROSPECCIÓN DE RECURSO GEOTÉRMICO¨. Presenta: Br. Lisbeth de los Ángeles Herrera García Tutor: MSc. Gema Velásquez Espinoza Asesor: Ing. Mayela Sánchez Managua, 2017 Agradecimientos A mi familia, por su espíritu alentador, permanente apoyo y comprensión. A mi tutora Ing. Gema Velásquez y mi asesora Mayela Sánchez por la paciencia y buena voluntad de guiar esta investigación. A la Empresa Nicaragüense de Electricidad, dirigida por el Ing. Ernesto Tiffer; por quien dicho trabajo ha sido posible. A la Dirección de Estudios Geotérmicos de ENEL, Ing. Melba Sú, Ing. Ariel Zuñiga quienes han sido de gran apoyo durante el desarrollo de la investigación. A mis compañeros, por sus observaciones, sugerencias y recomendaciones a fin de enriquecer esta investigación. A todos, muchas gracias. FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS E INGENIERÍA DEPARTAMENTO DE TECNOLOGÍA 2017: “AÑO DE LA UNIVERSIDAD EMPRENDEDORA” 15 de noviembre, 2017 MSc. Elim Campo Director Departamento de Tecnología Presente Estimado Msc. Campo El motivo de la presente es para comunicarle que he dirigido y revisado el trabajo de Seminario de Graduación elaborado por la Br.: Lisbeth de los Ángeles Herrera García de la carrera de Ingeniería Geológica de la UNAN-Mangua. Dicho trabajo lleva por título "Actualización cartográfica y geoquímica de aguas termales del sur del volcán Mombacho orientado a prospección de recursos geotérmico". Dado lo anterior, ratifico que el trabajo realizado contiene conocimientos que son científicamente aceptados y técnicamente prácticos, enmarcados en el tema.
  • Solentiname-Tours-Brochure.Pdf

    Solentiname-Tours-Brochure.Pdf

    Located in the heart of the Central American isthmus, Nicaragua is the land bridge Welcome between North and South America. It separates the Pacific Ocean from the Caribbean to Nicaragua Sea. The bellybutton of America is unique, due to its almost virgin land. Our republic is being rediscovered as a key part of a wonderful natural world. Nicaragua's great cul- ture and history have much to offer. This unique stretch of land offers a variety of trop- ical fruits unknown to the rest of the world, one of the largest lake of the world and many biological reserves and nature parks with their native plant and animal species. We invite you to experience this extraordinary culture and exceptional natural beauty among the most amiable people on earth. Our team of experts in alternative and sus- tainable tourism specializes in organizing unique lifetime experience for your clients. Each tour package reflects their interests, personal needs, and budget. Flexibility and creativity allow us to design programs for individuals, retired or student groups, suggest multiple package options, or recommend an exclusive itinerary with private plans and deluxe accommodations. We have best specialist Ecological, Culture, Adventure and Incentive Programs. You and your clients remain confident that all is taken care of when Solentiname Tours makes the arrangements. We are pleased to work with you. We invite you to review this manual and contact us for specific suggestions and additional information. Immanuel Zerger Owner and General Director First Stop Managua,
  • Thallium Isotopes As Tracers of Recycled Materials in Subduction

    Thallium Isotopes As Tracers of Recycled Materials in Subduction

    1 2 Thallium isotopes as tracers of recycled materials in subduction 3 zones: review and new data for lavas from Tonga-Kermadec and 4 Central America 5 6 7 Sune G. Nielsen1,2, Julie Prytulak3, Jerzy Blusztajn1,2, Yunchao Shu1,2,4,5, Maureen Auro1,2, Marcel 8 Regelous6 and Jim Walker7 9 10 1NIRVANA Laboratories, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA 11 2Department of Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA 12 3Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, UK 13 4Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China 14 5University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 15 6GeoZentrum Nordbayern, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany 16 7Department of Geology and Environmental Geosciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA 17 1 18 Abstract - Sediment is actively being subducted in every convergent margin worldwide. 19 Yet, geochemical data for arc lavas from several subduction zones, such as Northern Tonga and 20 Costa Rica have revealed either attenuated or limited evidence for sediment in their mantle 21 source regions. Here we use thallium (Tl) isotopes to trace slab components in lavas from the 22 Tonga-Kermadec and Central American arcs. In general, both arcs display Tl isotope data that 23 are most compatible with addition of sediment to the sub-arc mantle from the subducting slab. 24 This evidence is particular strong in the Tonga-Kermadec arc where pelagic clays dominate the 25 Tl budget along the entire arc. Contributions from altered oceanic crust as well as the Louisville 26 Seamount chain that subducts underneath Northern Tonga are not visible in Tl isotopes, which is 27 likely due to the very high Tl concentrations found in pelagic sediments outboard of the Tonga- 28 Kermadec arc.
  • Mapa Fisiográfico-Geomorfológico De Guatemala

    Mapa Fisiográfico-Geomorfológico De Guatemala

    Ministerio de Agricultura, Ganadería y Alimentación Mapa Fisiográfico-Geomorfológico de la República de Guatemala, a escala 1:250,000 -Memoria Técnica- Realizado por: Unidad de Políticas e Información Estratégica (UPIE-MAGA) Programa de Emergencia por Desastres Naturales (MAGA-BID) Con base al trabajo de los consultores: Ing. Agr. Gilberto Daniel Alvarado Cabrera Ing. Geol. Isaac Rodolfo Herrera Ibáñez Apoyo financiero de: Plan de Acción Forestal Instituto Nacional de para Guatemala –PAFG- Bosques –INAB- Guatemala, junio del 2001 MINISTERIO DE AGRICULTURA, GANADERIA Y ALIMENTACION PROGRAMA DE EMERGENCIA POR DESASTRES NATURALES 7ª Ave. 12-90. Zona 13, Guatemala. Tels: (502) 331-6199/6210 E-mail: [email protected] PRESENTACION La presente memoria del Mapa de Fisiografía-Geomorfología de la República de Guatemala a escala 1:250,000 es el resultado de un esfuerzo compartido entre instituciones vinculadas al quehacer forestal, instituciones del Ministerio de Agricultura y el Programa de Emergencia por Desastres Naturales. Las instituciones del sector forestal involucradas son el Instituto Nacional de Bosques (INAB) y el Plan de Acción Forestal para Guatemala (PAFG), quienes ofrecieron apoyo financiero para llevar a cabo los estudios. En el caso especifico del PAFG ofreció asimismo, una porción generosa de tiempo de su Director, quien se involucró en discusiones metodológicas y en la revisión de los borradores intermedios y finales. La institución del Ministerio que fue responsable de la ejecución del estudio, fue la Unidad de Políticas e Información Estratégica (UPIE), en su calidad de responsable del Programa de Emergencia por Desastres Naturales (PEDN). El PEDN finalmente, se encargó de atender a los consultores encargados (Ing.