DOCSLIB.ORG

Networked Disruption Rethinking Oppositions in Art, Hacktivism and the Business of Social Networking

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Networked Disruption Rethinking Oppositions in Art, Hacktivism and the Business of Social Networking NETWORKED DISRUPTION NETWORKED fter the emergence of Web 2.0, the critical framework of art and hacktivism has shifted from developing strategies of opposition to embarking on the art of disruption. By identifying the present Acontradictions within the economical and political framework of Web 2.0, hacker and artistic practices are analysed through business instead of in opposition to it. Connecting together disruptive practices of networked art and hacking in California and Europe, the author proposes a constellation of social networking projects that challenge the notion of power and hegemony, such as mail art, Neoism, e Church of the SubGenius, Luther Blissett, BAZZICHELLI TATIANA TATIANA BAZZICHELLI Anonymous, Anna Adamolo, Les Liens Invisibles, the Telekommunisten collective, e San Francisco Suicide Club, e Cacophony Society, the early Burning Man Festival, the NoiseBridge hackerspace, and many others. Tatiana Bazzichelli is a Postdoc Researcher at Leuphana University of NETWORKED Lüneburg and programme curator at the transmediale festival in Berlin. She received a PhD degree at Aarhus University in 2011, and was a visiting scholar at Stanford University (2009). She has previously written the book Networking: e Net as Artwork (2006). Active in the Italian hacker DISRUPTION community since the end of the ’90s, her project AHA:Activism-Hacking- Artivism won the honorary RETHINKING OPPOSITIONS IN ART, HACKTIVISM mention for digital communities AND THE BUSINESS OF SOCIAL NETWORKING at Ars Electronica in 2007. www.networkingart.eu www.disruptiv.biz <barcode space> DARC NETWORKED DISRUPTION Rethinking Oppositions in Art, Hacktivism and the Business of Social Networking Tatiana Bazzichelli PhD Dissertation Department of Aesthetics and Communication Faculty of Arts Aarhus University DARC — Digital Aesthetics Research Center www.digital-aestetik.dk www.disruptiv.biz Networked Disruption: Rethinking Oppositions in Art, Hacktivism and the Business of Social Networking First published in 2013 by Digital Aesthetics Research Center, Aarhus University, Helsingforsgade 14, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark. www.digital-aestetik.dk PhD Dissertation: Tatiana Bazzichelli – Aarhus University, 2011. Supervisor: Søren Pold, Aarhus University, Denmark. Co-supervisor: Fred Turner, Stanford University, California. Examining committee: Franco Berardi, Geoff Cox, Olga Goriunova. Layout, design and cover: Jonas Frankki Proofreading: Alex Lay The research behind this book has been funded by Aarhus University with the support of the AU Ideas Research Project Disruptive Innovation in Digital Art/ Activism and Business. ISBN: 87-91810-24-8 EAN: 9788791810244 Copyright © 2013 Tatiana Bazzichelli License: This publication is licensed under the Peer Production License (2013) Commercial use encouraged for Independent and Collective/Common-based users. To view a full copy of this license, see page 44 of The Telekommunist Manifesto by Dmytri Kleiner (2010): http://telekommunisten.net/the- telekommunist-manifesto/ Exceptions include photographs, trademarks, logos and other identifying marks. Photographs, trademarks, logos and other identifying marks may not be reused or redistributed without prior licensing and written consent from the authors. Cover image inspired by a scene in the film Strike (1925) by Sergei Eisenstein, described as Holey Space by Gilles Deleuze & Félix Guattari in their book: Thousand Plateaus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia(1986, pp. 413-414, also depicted in this book on p. 136). This remake of the original image features (from the left): Luther Blissett, Burning Man’s wooden sculpture, the Mechanical Turk, J.R. “Bob” Dobbs, Trollface, Ray Johnson’s Bunny, Anna Adamolo, theThimbl logo by Telekommunisten, Neoist flaming steam iron by Pete Horobin, the Anonymous “suit without a head”, Les Liens Invisibles’ Captain Fake, and Facebook’s default profile picture. To Jonas and the prosperity of Bazzinkki INDEX Acknowledgements, 6 Introduction, 8 1 Disrupting Business in Networkscapes, 25 1.1 Networking Art and Business as Research Practice, 25 1.2 The Dilemma of the “Non-Political”, 30 1.3 Ethnography of Networks, 36 1.4 The Dialectical Paradox and The Paradox of Dialectics, 43 1.5 Montage as Method, 50 1.6 Disruption and Morphogenesis, 55 2 Social Networking Out of the Box, 67 2.1 Social Networks Before Social Networks, 67 2.2 The Gift-Exchange Grassroots Economy, 71 2.3 Collaborative Art Practices and Media Criticism, 74 2.4 Deconstructing Identities in Conspiracy Networks, 78 2.5 Mythologies of Demystification, 86 2.6 Disrupting the Bureaucracy, 101 3 When Art Goes Disruptive, 111 3.1 Towards a Critique of Hegemony in Participatory Networks, 111 3.2 The A/Moral Dis/Order of Recursive Publics, 116 3.3 The Anna Adamolo Multiple Singularity, 124 3.4 The Holey Spaces of Anonymous, 135 4 Common Participation and Networking Enterprises, 149 4.1 The Rhetoric of Web 2.0 & the Politics of Open Source, 149 4.2 The Business of Cybernetics, 157 4.3 The Art of Crowdsourcing, 167 4.4 Burning Man, A Social Network, 173 4.5 Hackers, Activists, Fetishists and Entrepreneurs, 184 5 The Art of Disruptive Business, 197 5.1 Rethinking Criticism, 197 5.2 The Hack of Performing Inactivity, 205 5.3 Activist Enterprises & Venture Communism, 218 5.4 Future Directions, 229 Appendix: Interviews, 236 Bibliography, 238 Webliography, 255 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Projects often come to life after sharing ideas with other people. This is certainly the case with the present manuscript, a networking journey that began in 2008 when I enrolled as a PhD scholar at Aarhus University in Denmark, if not before then, when I was involved in the hacker and art scene in Italy and Berlin. It is therefore difficult to list all the names of those who contributed to the genesis of this work, because they are too many, but I wish to mention those who have followed this undertaking more closely and who have contributed most actively to its development. First of all, I would like to thank Søren Pold for having supervised my PhD, for advising on each stage of the writing process with comments and suggestions and for helping me to become aware of my theoretical methodology and practice; Fred Turner for his inspiring research and our exciting conversations in the sunny halls of Stanford University; my colleagues at DARC, the Digital Aesthetics Research Centre, and DUL, the Digital Urban Living Centre of Aarhus University, for their exchanges and interest expressed about the topics explored here; my colleagues in the Department of Information and Media Studies at Aarhus University (now Department of Aesthetics and Communication) for creating an interesting and positive research environment; Alex Lay for his precise and professional work in editing my interviews and proofreading my manuscript; Anne Sophie Witzke for translating my abstract into Danish; all the members of Autart, Jacob Appelbaum, Vittore Baroni, Scott Beale, Olivier Bonin, Loretta Borrelli, Paolo Cirio, Lee Felsenstein, Les Liens Invisibles and Guy McMuske, Lynn Hershman Leeson, John Law, Karen Marcelo, Hal Robins and V. Vale, for sharing their thoughts with me and answering my questions; the staff of H-STAR, the Human-Sciences and Technologies Advanced Research Institute at Stanford University and the Stanford Humanities Lab – Henrik Bennetsen, in particular – for having facilitated my stay at Stanford University and providing many interesting contacts; Massimo Canevacci for his advice on my methodology and because 6 his theoretical polyphonic approach has been an inspiration to me ever since I studied at La Sapienza University in Rome in the 1990s; Chris and Peter Mock, without whose friendship, hospitality and warmth my journey in and around San Francisco would not have been so special, nor my research in the Bay Area so passionate; Kristoffer Gansing for providing me with a new job opportunity in Berlin, thereby pushing me to complete this research; Marco Deseriis, Gabriella Coleman and Franco Berardi for sending me their inspiring manuscripts even before they had been published; Helge Hiram Jensen for a great anti- copyright exchange; Heejung Chung for her initial research advice; Gaia Novati, Franca Formenti, Eleonora Oreggia aka xname, Luisa Valeriani, Simonetta Fadda, Simona Lodi and all the friends and members of the AHA:Activism-Hacking-Artivism mailing-list for the exchange and stimulating discussion, and because the Italian hacker and activist scene will always be my route to freedom. Finally, I would like to thank my parents Roberto and Marilena for always being there for me and my sister Tamara and her family for making me reflect on myself. But the most important thanks go to my husband Jonas, to whom I dedicate this manuscript. Without his constant love, support and inspiration – and without Bazzinkki! – it would have been impossible to put such passion and commitment into this research, nor for it to have taken on its final form. 7 INTRODUCTION This research reflects on the status of activist, hacker and artistic practices in the new generation of social media (or so-called Web 2.0 technologies) analysing the interferences between networking participation and disruptive business innovation. The main objective is to rethink the meaning of critical practices in art, hacktivism and social networking, analysing them through business instead of in opposition to it. The increasing commercialisation of sharing and networking contexts and the key innovatory role of the open source community in the development of centrally controlled
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Collaborative “Mail Art” Puts the Post in Postmodernism Letters, Envelopes and Enclosures Take Center Stage in an Intimate New Art Show
    Collaborative “Mail Art” Puts the Post in Postmodernism Letters, envelopes and enclosures take center stage in an intimate new art show Envelope decoration was always a staple of the mail art experience. This colorful letter was sent from performance artist Anna Banana (Anna Lee Long) to collagist John Evans in 2010. (John Evans papers, Archives of American Art). By Ryan P. Smith JULY 30, 2018 In the era of instant messaging and FaceTime on the go, it can be easy to forget the pleasure of shuffling out to the mailbox in hope of discovering a thoughtful note from an old friend. Removing a letter from its envelope is a rich tactile experience, and marginalia, cross-outs, distinct penmanship and quirky enclosures combine to give epistolary exchanges a uniquely personal flavor. In the experimental artistic simmer of the late 1950s, the everyday creativity of letter-writing gave rise to a veritable movement: that of “mail art,” an antiestablishment, anything-goes mode of serial imaginative expression whose inclusive nature has kept it alive even into the Digital Age. Now a new show, “Pushing the Envelope,” organized by the Smithsonian's Achives of 2018 American Art and opening August 10 at the Lawrence A. Fleischman Gallery in Washington, D.C., promises to shine a spotlight on the medium. The enigmatic Neo-Dada collagist Ray Johnson, a Detroit native who struggled with fame even as he appropriated images of movie stars for his art, pioneered in the field of mail art, weaving together an immense spider web of collaborators that would survive him following his sudden suicide in 1995.
    [Show full text]
  • View Sample Pages
    CHINA RESEARCH MONOGRAPH 51 F M" INSTITUTE OF EAST ASIAN STUDIES ~ '-J UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA • BERKELEY c::<::s CENTER FOR CHINESE STUDIES Cross-Cultural Readings of Chineseness Narratives, Images, and Interpretations of the 1990s EDITED BY Wen-hsin Yeh A publication of the Institute of East Asian Studies, University of Califor­ nia, Berkeley. Although the Institute of East Asian Studies is responsible for the selection and acceptance of manuscripts in this series, responsibil­ ity for the opinions expressed and for the accuracy of statements rests with their authors. Correspondence and manuscripts may be sent to: Ms. Joanne Sandstrom, Managing Editor Institute of East Asian Studies University of California Berkeley, California 94720-2318 E-mail: [email protected] The China Research Monograph series is one of several publications series sponsored by the Institute of East Asian Studies in conjunction with its constituent units. The others include the Japan Research Monograph series, the Korea Research Monograph series, and the Research Papers and Policy Studies series. A list of recent publications appears at the back of the book. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Cross-cultural readings of Chineseness : narratives, images, and interpretations of the 1990s I edited by Wen-hsin Yeh. p. em. - (China research monograph; 51) Collection of papers presented at the conference "Theoretical Issues in Modern Chinese Literary and Cultural Studies". Includes bibliographical references ISBN 1-55729-064-4 1. Chinese literature-20th century-History and criticism Congresses. 2. Arts, Chinese-20th century Congresses. 3. Motion picture-History and criticism Congresses. 4. Postmodernism-China Congresses. I. Yeh, Wen-hsin.
    [Show full text]
  • DECEMBER 2005 WINTER ISSUE Special Feature on Hong Kong By
    DECEMBER 2005 WINTER ISSUE INSIDE Special Feature on Hong Kong by Tobias Berger, John Millichap, Lee Weng Choy, Eliza Patten, Norman Ford, Sean Chen Monumentality and Anti—Monumentality in Gu Wenda’s Forest of Stone Steles-A Retranslation and Rewriting of Tang Poetry Zhang Dali: The Face of China A Visual Koan: Xu Bing's Dynamic Desktop Interviews with Oscar Ho, Uli Sigg, Xu Bing About the Chinese Presentation at the 2005 Yokohama Triennale US$12.00 NT$350.00 US$10.00 NT$350.00 Art & Collection Editor’s Note Contributors Hong Kong SAR: Special Art Region Tobias Berger p. 16 The Problem with Politics: An Interview with Oscar Ho John Millichap Tomorrow’s Local Library: The Asia Art Archive in Context Lee Weng Choy 24 Report on “Re: Wanchai—Hong Kong International Artists’ Workshop” Eliza Patten Do “(Hong Kong) Chinese” Artists Dream of Electric Sheep? p. 29 Norman Ford When Art Clashes in the Public Sphere— Pan Xing Lei’s Strike of Freedom Knocking on the Door of Democracy in Hong Kong Shieh-wen Chen Monumentality and Anti-Monumentality in Gu Wenda’s Forest of Stone Steles—A Retranslation and Rewriting of Tang Poetry Wu Hung From Glittering “Stars” to Shining El Dorado, or, the p. 54 “adequate attitude of art would be that with closed eyes and clenched teeth” Martina Köppel-Yang Zhang Dali: The Face of China Patricia Eichenbaum Karetzky Collecting Elsewhere: An Interview with Uli Sigg Biljana Ciric A Dialogue on Contemporary Chinese Art: The One-Day Workshop “Meaning, Image, and Word” Tsao Hsingyuan p.
    [Show full text]
  • The Healthcare Riskops Manifesto
    The Healthcare RiskOps Manifesto “Committees are, by nature, timid. They are based on the premise of safety in numbers; content to survive inconspicuously, rather than take risks and move independently ahead. Without independence, without ​ ​ the freedom for new ideas to be tried, to fail, and to ultimately succeed, the world will not move ahead, but rather live in fear of its own potential” Ferdinand Porsche And you may ask yourself, "How do I work this?" And you may ask yourself, "Where is that large automobile?" And you may tell yourself, "This is not my beautiful house." And you may tell yourself, "This is not my beautiful wife." David Byrne The End is Near “People of Earth, hear this!” A specter is haunting healthcare. And we’ve got work to do. It’s about challenging the old assumptions of managing risk because nothing has changed. Yet, everything has changed. It’s about heralding a new vision because the old one doesn’t work. ​ ​ Change creates opportunities. Change drives outcomes. And healthcare needs secure outcomes. Healthcare risk needs change. We must challenge assumptions: identity, role, purpose, place, power. Change built on strong beliefs that will upset the status quo. We don’t care. We are focused on moving the industry forward. Le risque est avant-gardiste. Futurism. Vorticism. Dada. Surrealism. Situationism. Neoism. Risk the Elephant. Uncaged. Risk is Nazaré. It’s a red balloon. Risk is sunflower fields. And fire on the mountain. Risk guides the first decision. It’s as old as Eden. ​ ​ Fight. Or flight. Risk is nucleotide. To ego.
    [Show full text]
  • Danish Artists in the International Mail Art Network Charlotte Greve
    Danish Artists in the International Mail Art Network Charlotte Greve According to one definition of mail art, it is with the simple means of one or more elements of the postal language that artists communicate an idea in a concise form to other members of the mail art network.1 The network constitutes an alternative gallery space outside the official art institution; it claims to be an anti-bureaucratic, anti-hierarchic, anti-historicist, trans-national, global counter-culture. Accordingly, transcendence of boundaries and a destructive relationship to stable forms and structures are important elements of its Fluxus-inspired idealistic self-understanding.2 The mail art artist and art historian Géza Perneczky describes the network as “an imaginary community which has created a second publicity through its international membership and ever expanding dimensions”.3 It is a utopian artistic community with a striving towards decentralized expansion built on sharing, giving and exchanging art through the postal system. A culture of circulation is built up around a notion of what I will call sendable art. According to this notion, distance, delay and anticipation add signification to the work of art. Since the artists rarely meet in flesh and blood and the only means of communication is through posted mail, distance and a temporal gap between sending and receiving are important constitutive conditions for the network communication. In addition, very simple elements of the mail art language gain the status of signs of subjectivity, which, in turn, become constitutive marks of belonging. These are the features which will be the focus of this investigation of the participation of the Danish artists Mogens Otto Nielsen, Niels Lomholt and Carsten Schmidt-Olsen in the network during the period from 1974–1985.
    [Show full text]
  • Regulating “Fake News” and Other Online Advertising
    FOOL ME ONCE: REGULATING “FAKE NEWS” AND OTHER ONLINE ADVERTISING ABBY K. WOOD* AND ANN M. RAVEL† A lack of transparency for online political advertising has long been a problem in American political campaigns. Disinformation attacks that American voters have experienced since the 2016 campaign have made the need for regulatory action more pressing. Internet platforms prefer self-regulation and have only recently come around to supporting proposed transparency legislation. While government must not regulate the content of political speech, it can, and should, force transparency into the process. We propose several interventions aimed at transparency. First, and most importantly, campaign finance regulators should require platforms to store and make available (1) ads run on their platforms, and (2) the audience at whom the ad was targeted. Audience availability can be structured to avoid privacy concerns, and it meets an important speech value in the “marketplace of ideas” theory of the First Amendment—that of enabling counter speech. Our proposed regulations would capture any political advertising, including disinformation, that is promoted via paid distribution on social media, as well as all other online political advertising. Second, existing loopholes in transparency regulations *. Associate Professor of Law, Political Science, and Public Policy at University of Southern California ([email protected]). †. Senior Fellow, Maplight Digital Deception Project and former Chair of the Federal Election Commission and California Fair Political Practices Commission. This article has benefited from insights from Rebecca Brown, Chris Elmendorf, and Rick Hasen. Daniel Brovman, Samantha Hay, Justin Mello, Brandon Thompson, and Caroline Yoon provided fantastic research assistance. Teresa Delgado and Alex Manzanares joyfully created the time and space required to focus on the project.
    [Show full text]
  • Burning Man's Mathematical Underbelly
    City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works Publications and Research New York City College of Technology 2018 Burning Man’s Mathematical Underbelly Seth S. Cottrell CUNY New York City College of Technology How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/ny_pubs/306 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] Burning Man’s Mathematical Underbelly A math degree can take you to a lot of places, both physically and figuratively, and if you play your cards right, you too can argue counterfactual definiteness with a shaman. First in 2008, and several times since, a fellow math PhD and I traveled to the Burning Man art festival to sit in the desert and talk with the locals about whatever they happened to be curious about. Burning Man began in 1986, when a group of people (who would argue endlessly over any finite list of their names) decided to assemble annually on a San Francisco beach and burn a wooden human effigy. In 1990, membership and a lack of fire permits forced Burning Man to combine with Zone #4, a “Dadaist temporary autonomous zone” piloted by the Cacophony Society, in the Black Rock Desert 110 miles outside of Reno, Nevada. Figure 1: Although The Man itself changes very little from year to year, his surroundings do. In this version from 2009, he’s surrounded by a forest of two by fours.
    [Show full text]
  • Principia Discordia.Pdf
    RAW Intro | Omar Intro | Title Page | Index | Version Notes | INTRODUCTION You hold in your hands one of the Great Books of our century fnord. Some Great Books are recognized at once with a fusillade of critical huzzahs and gonfolons, like Joyce’s Ulysses. Others appear almost furtively and are only discovered 50 years later, like Moby Dick or Mendel’s great essay on genetics. The Principia Discordia entered our space-time continuum almost as unobtrusively as a cat-burglar creeping over a windowsill. In 1968, virtually nobody had heard of this wonderful book. In 1970, hundreds of people from coast to coast were talking about it and asking the identity of the mysterious author, Malaclypse the Younger. Rumors swept across the continent, from New York to Los Angeles, from Seattle to St. Joe. Malaclypse was actually Alan Watts, one heard. No, said another legend – the Principia was actually the work of the Sufi Order. A third, very intriguing myth held that Malaclypse was a pen-name for Richard M. Nixon, who had allegedly composed the Principia during a few moments of lucidity. I enjoyed each of these yarns and did my part to help spread them. I was also careful never to contradict the occasional rumors that I had actually written the whole thing myself during an acid trip. The legendry, the mystery, the cult grew very slowly. By the mid- 1970’s, thousands of people, some as far off as Hong Kong and Australia, were talking about the Principia, and since the original was out of print by then, xerox copies were beginning to circulate here and there.
    [Show full text]
  • Consumer Cynicism: Developing a Scale to Measure Underlying Attitudes Influencing Marketplace Shaping and Withdrawal Behaviours Amanda E
    bs_bs_banner International Journal of Consumer Studies ISSN 1470-6423 Consumer cynicism: developing a scale to measure underlying attitudes influencing marketplace shaping and withdrawal behaviours Amanda E. Helm1, Julie Guidry Moulard2 and Marsha Richins3 1Division of Business, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA 2College of Business, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA 71272, USA 3Department of Marketing, College of Business, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA Keywords Abstract Consumer activism, consumer rebellion, consumer cynicism, consumer skepticism, This article develops the construct of consumer cynicism, characterized by a perception of consumer alienation, consumer trust. a pervasive, systemic lack of integrity in the marketplace and investigates how cynical consumers behave in the marketplace. The construct was developed based on a qualitative Correspondence study and triangulated through developing a scale and investigating antecedents and Amanda E. Helm, Division of Business, Xavier consequential marketplace behaviours. The cynicism construct is uniquely suited to explain University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA the underlying psychological processes hinted at in practitioner perceptions of the growing 70125, USA. E-mail: [email protected] mistrust and consumer research about rebellion behaviours, as well as to offer insight on consumers’ response to the increasingly sophisticated market. Previous research has doi: 10.1111/ijcs.12191 offered a glimpse of extreme rebellion behaviours such
    [Show full text]
  • FAKE NEWS!”: President Trump’S Campaign Against the Media on @Realdonaldtrump and Reactions to It on Twitter
    “FAKE NEWS!”: President Trump’s Campaign Against the Media on @realdonaldtrump and Reactions To It on Twitter A PEORIA Project White Paper Michael Cornfield GWU Graduate School of Political Management [email protected] April 10, 2019 This report was made possible by a generous grant from William Madway. SUMMARY: This white paper examines President Trump’s campaign to fan distrust of the news media (Fox News excepted) through his tweeting of the phrase “Fake News (Media).” The report identifies and illustrates eight delegitimation techniques found in the twenty-five most retweeted Trump tweets containing that phrase between January 1, 2017 and August 31, 2018. The report also looks at direct responses and public reactions to those tweets, as found respectively on the comment thread at @realdonaldtrump and in random samples (N = 2500) of US computer-based tweets containing the term on the days in that time period of his most retweeted “Fake News” tweets. Along with the high percentage of retweets built into this search, the sample exhibits techniques and patterns of response which are identified and illustrated. The main findings: ● The term “fake news” emerged in public usage in October 2016 to describe hoaxes, rumors, and false alarms, primarily in connection with the Trump-Clinton presidential contest and its electoral result. ● President-elect Trump adopted the term, intensified it into “Fake News,” and directed it at “Fake News Media” starting in December 2016-January 2017. 1 ● Subsequently, the term has been used on Twitter largely in relation to Trump tweets that deploy it. In other words, “Fake News” rarely appears on Twitter referring to something other than what Trump is tweeting about.
    [Show full text]
  • Youth Uprising the Lettrist Alternative to Post-War Trauma
    Please, return this text to box no. 403 available at museoreinasofia.es Youth Uprising The Lettrist Alternative to Post-War Trauma Lettrism was the first art movement after the Second World War to reintroduce the radicalism of the first avant-garde trends, particularly Dada and Surrealism, and became a communicating vessel for the Neo-avant- garde trends that followed. Lettrism is conceived as a total creative movement, a movement that doesn’t forsake any medium or field of action: poetry, music, film, visual arts or drama. Isou managed to place Lettrism ‘at the vanguard of the avant-garde,’ in contrast with the decline of Dada and Surrealism. During this period Lettrism acquired the true dimension of a group, although the first differences appeared almost at once, producing a split that some years later and in concurrence with other cells of rebe- llious creativity would give rise to the Si- tuationist International. By order of mem- bership, the individuals who joined the first Lettrism is one of the few avant-garde isms that still have a secret history. With the ex- Lettrist group included Gabriel Pomerand, ception of France, its native and almost exclusive soil (radiant Paris, to be more precise), François Dufrêne, Gil Joseph Wolman, the movement was only known superficially, remotely and partially. Ironically, Lettrism Jean-Louis Brau, Serge Berna, Marc’O, is often referred to as an episode prior to Situationism, given the mutual disdain and the Maurice Lemaître, Guy-Ernest Debord, ruthless insults the groups levelled at each other. Furthermore, it is a very complex move- Yolande du Luart and Poucette.
    [Show full text]
  • Hackerspaces
    d WP4 | CASE STUDY Report: Hackerspaces Theme [ssh.2013.3.2-1][Social Innovation- Empowering People, changing societies] Project Full Title: “Transformative Social Innovation Theory project” Grant Agreement n. 613169 This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement no 613169 Suggested citation: Sabine Hielscher, Adrian Smith, Mariano Fressoli (2015) WP4 Case Study Report: Hackerspaces, Report For the TRANSIT FP7 Project, SPRU, University oF Sussex, Brighton. Acknowledgements: We wish to thank everyone in the Hackerspace scene who helped us with our research, whether through interviews, welcoming us to Hackerspaces and events, or putting us in touch with others. We also thank our colleagues in the TRANSIT project, at SPRU, at UNQ and Fundación Cenit For their help and encouragement with the research. Finally, we thank the European Commission and their FP7 research programme For Funding the TRANSIT project. Date: 14 January 2015 Authors: Sabine Hielscher, Adrian Smith, Mariano Fressoli Contact person: Adrian Smith Table of contents 1 Introduction to Hackerspaces 2 Methodology 2.1 Researcher relations to the case 2.2 Methods 3 Analysis of transnational network(ing) 3.1 Transnational networking: Hackerspaces 3.2 Aspects of ‘innovation’ and ‘change’ of the transnational network(ing) 3.3 Aspects of empowerment and disempowerment of the transnational network(ing) 3.4 Other issues about the transnational networking 4 Local initiative
    [Show full text]