Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-89931-4 — the Roman Empire in Late Antiquity Hugh Elton Index More Information

Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-89931-4 — The Roman Empire in Late Antiquity Hugh Elton Index More Information

365

INDEX

Roman emperors (Augusti ) in bold

a libellis . See magister libellorum reconquest, 171 , 202 , 221 , 224 , 243 , 245 , 265 , ab epistulis . See magister epistularum 304 , 315 , 318 , 323 Abinnaeus, 94 – 95 under Vandals, 163 , 172 , 187 , 189 , 196 , 210 , 224 , Abrittus, 5 , 20 , 102 – 03 , 115 235 , 241 , 243 , 256 , 352 Acacian schism, 206 , 220 , 250 , 255 , 277 Agathias, 275 , 304 Achaea, 17 , 38 , 40 agentes in rebus , 65 , 78 , 147 , 206 adoratio , 36 , 305 Agri Decumates, 21 , 101 Adrianople, 48 , 58 – 59 , 90 , 103 , 108 , 115 – 17 , 132 , agri deserti , 122 , 183 273 , 295 , 320 , 323 Akoimetoi, 198 , 201 , 206 adventus , 11 , 12f2 , 68 , 114 , 136 Alamanni, 19 , 22 – 24 , 28 , 41 , 65 , 68 , 73 – 74 , 76 , 88 , Aegeae, 53 90 – 92 , 100 – 05 , 126 , 131 – 32 , 138 , 140 , 227 Aegidius, 212 – 14 , 231 in Italy, 270 , 322 Aemilia et Liguria, 124 Alans, 138 , 143 , 147 , 176 , 179 , 182 , 189 , 234 , Aemilianus, 21 , 25 , 42 236 , 240 Aetius, 186 , 188 – 91 , 212 , 226 – 27 , Alaric, Gothic king, 152 – 54 , 175 , 177 – 81 , 225 , 231 , 236 236 , 241 Africa, 14 , 17 , 47 , 72 – 73 , 124 – 26 , 143 , 179 , 181 , Albania, 108 , 337 184 – 85 , 188 , 190 , 192 , 210 , 212 – 13 , 216 , 227 , Alboin, Lombard king, 285 – 86 230 , 235 , 241 – 42 , 266 , 323 – 24 Alexandria, 31 , 70 – 72 , 74 , 95 , 128 – 29 , 136 , after reconquest, 266 – 67 , 277 , 283 , 287 , 139 – 40 , 159 , 203 , 254 , 260 , 284 , 331 , 293 – 95 , 302 , 304 , 307 – 08 , 310 , 313 – 14 , 316 , 335 , 341 , 347 , 349 323 , 331 , 333 , 336 , 348 mint, 261 , 332 barbarian attacks, 22 , 90 patriarch, 81 , 134 , 173 , 198 , 204 , 252 , 302 , 335 defenses, 19 , 100 , 110 – 12 , 189 , 233 Serapeum, 81 , 144 – 45 diocese, 38 , 45 – 46 , 64 – 65 , 72 , 78 , 125 , Alexandria- ad- Issum, 334 139 , 265 Allectus (293–296) , 31 , 32f4 , 114 expeditions vs Vandals, 166 , 217 , 241 al- Mundhir, 292 grain export, 15 , 113 , 190 , 241 al- Tabari, 344 province, 17 , 38 , 41 , 125 – 26 , 143 , 167 , 178 , Ambrose, 124 , 132 , 135 – 36 , 138 – 40 , 145 – 48 , 188, 190 158 , 184 rebellions, 46 – 47 , 97 , 138 , 154 , 176 , 182 , Amida, 78 , 87 – 88 , 100 , 106 – 07 , 109 , 248 , 186 – 87 , 227 254 , 325 – 26

365

366

Index

Ammianus Marcellinus, 1 , 74 – 76 , 78 – 80 , 87 , 89 , Argentaria, 132 95 , 102 – 03 , 105 – 06 , 114 – 16 , 119 – 20 , 123 , 125 , Ariadne, 197 , 200 , 202 , 206 – 08 , 246 – 47 , 253 127 , 129 , 326 Arians, 61 – 63 , 190 Anastasius (491–518) , 246 – 53 , 277 , 279 , 306 , Ariminum, 77 , 188 , 227 , 317 308 , 314 – 15 aristocracy, 16 , 41 , 80 , 95 , 123 – 24 , 131 , 143 , 147 , Anatolia, 21 , 25 , 27 , 39 , 60 , 90 , 128 , 231 , 248 , 331 214 , 226 , 270 , 284 , 351 Anatolius, 168 , 171 , 173 , 239 Arles, 46 , 57 , 176 , 181 , 185 , 187 , 191 , 209 , 211 , 213 , Anazarbus, 21 , 48 215 , 218 – 19 , 231 , 235 Ancyra, 25 , 70 , 77 , 336 mint, 182 , 218 Anicia Juliana, 205 , 209 , 250 , 256 , 278 Armatus, 203 – 04 , 227 annona militaris , 38 – 39 , 41 Armenia, 108 , 143 , 161 , 231 , 258 , 274 , 290 , Antae, 272 – 73 , 316 , 320 296 – 98 , 300 , 311 , 314 , 326 , 334 , 336 , 347 , Anthemius See Persarmenia praetorian prefect, 155 , 158 – 59 kingdom, 30 , 55 , 69 , 83 , 108 – 10 , 130 , 139 , son of emperor, 208 240 , 248 Anthemius (467– 472) , 197 , 201 – 02 , 215 – 18 , Persian attacks, 48 , 69 , 130 , 248 , 257 , 273 , 290 , 228 , 231 302 , 313 , 325 anti- Chalcedonians, 198 , 204 , 250 , 252 , 254 , province, 158 , 293 , 339 263 – 64 , 275 , 277 – 78 , 285 , 288 , 291 – 92 , Roman attacks, 30 , 40 294 , 341 satrapies, 30 , 120 , 139 , 207 Antioch, 25 , 67 , 74 , 98 , 129 , 132 , 154 , 206 , 231 , Armorica, 189 , 211 256 , 292 – 93 , 313 , 334 , 346 Arsak II, Armenian king, 120 , 130 attacked by Persians, 20 – 21 , 87 , 105 , 273 , 288 , Arsak IV, Armenian king, 139 325 , 331 , 334 – 35 Arzanene, 30 , 120 , 240 church councils, 70 – 72 Asemus, 166 , 315 ecclesiastical politics, 81 , 120 , 128 , 134 , 198 Asia, province, 10 , 17 , 36 , 41 , 122 imperial visits, 12 , 35 , 68 – 71 , 73 , 81 – 83 , 90 , 120 , Asiana, diocese, 38 , 45 , 122 , 174 , 198 , 204 128 , 130 Aspar, 163 , 170 , 172 , 187 , 197 , 199 – 201 , 203 , mint, 16 , 207 , 253 , 261 227 – 28 , 241 patriarch, 77 , 82 , 134 , 141 , 162 , 167 , 169 , 174 , Athanaric, Gothic king, 104 , 129 , 131 , 135 204 , 206 , 220 , 250 , 264 , 285 , 292 , 296 , 341 Athanasius, patriarch of Alexandria, 67 – 68 , riots, 140 – 42 , 292 70 – 72 , 74 , 76 – 77 , 81 , 124 , 128 Antiochia- ad- Cragum, 21 Athaulfus, Gothic king, 179 , 181 – 82 , 190 Apamea, 143 , 273 , 288 Athens, 22 – 23 , 52 , 75 , 153 , 208 , 259 Aquileia, 23 – 24 , 35 , 71 , 73 , 78 , 114 , 135 , 142 – 43 , Attalus (409– 410, 414–415) , 179 , 182 , 228 186 , 191 , 240 Attila, Hunnic king, 163 , 166 , 170 , 172 , 191 , 224 , Aquincum, 46 , 104 226 , 236 – 39 Aquitania, 18 , 26 , 182 , 218 Augusta, 10 , 24 , 66 , 155 , 159 – 60 , 185 , 246 , 278 , Arabia, 10 , 25 , 40 , 343 284 , 289 , 291 , 300 , 331 Arabissus, 293 , 339 Augusta Traiana, 95 Arabs, 342 – 49 , See Saracens Augusta Vindelicum, 19 Arad, 18 Augustine, 178 , 181 , 184 , 187 Arbogast, 113 , 143 , 146 – 48 , 231 Aurelian (270– 275) , 9 , 14 , 16 , 23 – 28 , 30 , 35 , 40 , Arcadiopolis, 166 42 – 43 , 55 , 91 , 95 , 97 , 101 , 112 – 14 Arcadius (383–408) , 136 , 139 – 41 , 147 – 48 , 151 – 58 , Aurelianus, 154 , 163 175 , 177 , 179 Aurelius Gaius, 90 archives, 2 , 4 , 9 , 11 , 93 , 122 , 169 , 292 , 317 Aurelius Victor, 17 , 45 , 101 – 02 Ardabur Aureolus, 21 – 23 , 97 , 114 the elder, 161 , 227 , 235 Austuriani, 111 , 124 , 324 the younger, 172 , 200 – 01 Autun, 11 Ardasir II, Persian king, 139 Avars, 237 , 272 – 73 , 283 , 285 – 87 , 289 , 291 , 295 , Ardasir III, Persian king, 339 298 , 301 , 305 , 307 , 311 , 319 – 20 , 323 , 331 , 333 , Areobindus, 208 , 240 , 248 , 250 , 262 , 278 336 – 37 , 348

366

367

Index

Avitus (455–456) , 174 , 197 , 210 – 11 , 228 Byzacium, 188 , 190 , 324 Axum, 307 Byzantium, 25 , 35 , 48 , 60 , See Constantinople

Baduarius, 288 – 90 Caesaraugusta, 138 Baetica, 184 Caesarea Baetocaece, 18 in Cappadocia, 54 , 78 , 127 , 334 Bahram V, Persian king, 240 in Mauritania, 111 Baleares, 214 , 266 , 271 in Palestina, 47 , 199 Balkans, 14 , 22 – 23 , 31 , 58 , 70 , 90 , 121 , 133 , 139 , 143 , Callinicum, 30 , 109 , 143 , 145 , 258 , 285 , 306 , 311 , 153 – 54 , 175 , 189 , 196 , 204 , 207 , 237 – 38 , 256 , 314 – 15 , 327 273 , 286 , 288 , 290 – 91 , 295 , 298 , 301 , 309 , 312 , Callistus, 14 , 21 – 22 315 , 323 , 333 camels, 64 , 111 , 124 , 320 , 324 – 25 defense vs barbarians, 21 , 23 , 68 , 190 , 198 , 220 , Campania, 7 , 218 , 270 224 , 272 , 285 , 319 , 348 Cappadocia, 10 , 14 , 21 , 25 , 28 , 54 , 78 , 89 , soldiers, 23 , 28 , 45 , 94 , 208 , 269 , 311 127 – 28 , 134 , 153 , 204 – 05 , 228 , 254 , 259 , 312 , Barbalissus, 20 , 107 , 109 334 , 336 – 37 barbarian settlements, 23 , 28 , 32 , 93 , 115 , 117 , 131 , Carausius (286–293) , 31 158 , 172 , 178 , 182 , 189 , 202 , 221 , 230 , 249 Caria, 36 , 219 , 272 , 310 barbarians, 19 , 87 , 94 , 100 , 217 , 236 – 37 , 242 , See Carinus (283–285), 2 8 – 2 9 individual peoples Carnuntum, 46 – 47 , 90 Basiliscus (475–476) , 197 , 199 , 201 – 04 , 227 – 28 , Carpi, 24 , 31 – 32 , 90 235 , 241 Carrhae, 20 , 30 Batnae, 96 Carthage, 32 , 44 , 55 – 57 , 111 , 114 , 124 , 130 , 132 , 163 , Belgica Secunda, 76 184, 187 – 88 , 241 Belisarius, 261 – 62 , 266 , 273 , 279 , 308 – 09 after reconquest, 190 , 266 , 313 , 333 , in Africa, 265 , 307 , 315 , 323 341 , 349 in the East, 257 , 274 , 306 , 327 mint, 261 , 266 , 332 in Italy, 267 , 269 , 305 – 07 , 311 , 316 – 18 , 323 under Vandals, 166 , 189 , 235 , 242 , 265 – 66 , Beroea, 38 , 273 307 , 323 Bezabde, 78 Carthaginensis, 213 bishop of Rome. See papacy Carthago Nova, 213 , 294 , 313 , 334 bishops, 42 , 124 , 191 , 259 , 271 , 284 , 295 mint, 261 , 271 Bithynia, 10 , 28 , 44 , 66 , 73 , 90 , 112 , 158 , 200 , 230 Carus (282– 283) , 28 – 30 , 43 , 115 Black Sea, 22 – 23 , 27 , 108 , 166 Casilinum, 270 , 313 , 322 Blemmyes, 111 Castinus, 184 – 86 , 189 Bonifatius, 185 – 87 , 189 Castra Martis, 132 Bononia, 104 Chalcedon Bordeaux, 138 city, 29 , 79 , 128 , 154 , 157 , 162 , 335 , 338 border troops. See Roman army: limitanei Council, 167 – 68 , 173 – 74 , 191 , 197 – 98 , 201 , 203 , Brigetio, 127 , 130 205 – 06 , 245 – 46 , 249 – 50 , 252 , 254 , 263 – 64 , Brisigavi. See Alamanni 275 , 277 , 284 – 85 , 291 – 92 , 341 , 348 Britain, 21 , 25 , 28 , 31 , 33 , 38 , 45 , 65 , 71 – 72 , 94 , 114 , Chamavi. See Franks 138 , 147 , 176 , 184 Chersonesus, 198 , 273 , 291 , 328 barbarian attacks, 125 mint, 261 defenses, 18 , 98 , 100 – 01 , 233 Childebert, Frankish king, 290 , 294 lost to Empire, 181 , 187 , 190 , 192 , 210 , 235 Childeric, Frankish king, 196 bronze coinage, 16 , 26 , 28 , 67 , 253 , 335 Chrysaphius, 167 , 170 – 72 Bructeri. See Franks Chrysopolis, 59 – 60 bucellarii , 233 – 34 , 315 church council, 57 – 58 , 62 , 124 , 220 Bucinobantes. See Alamanni Cibalae, 58 , 73 , 98 Bulgars, 199 , 240 , 248 – 49 , 256 , 272 – 73 , 320 Cilicia, 10 , 21 , 48 , 53 , 78 , 89 , 127 , 153 , 163 , 254 , Burgundians, 28 , 100 – 01 , 126 , 182 , 189 , 192 , 334 , 336 – 37 211 – 12 , 216 , 218 , 221 , 240 , 267 , 318 Circesium, 297 , 314

367

368

Index

circus supporters clubs, 170 , 247 , 253 – 54 , 261 , 263 , Constantinople, 68 , 70 , 74 – 75 , 79 , 81 , 90 , 93 , 98 , 299 , 302 120 , 123 , 127 – 28 , 133 – 35 , 137f11 , 141 , 146 , 154 , city council, 18 , 71 , 74 – 75 , 83 , 94 , 122 – 24 , 135 , 141 , 156 – 57 , 161 – 62 , 165 , 175 , 182 , 185 , 188 , 190 , 147 , 165 , 230 , 253 , 259 200 , 207 , 231 , 247 , 251 – 52 , 254 – 56 , 263 – 64 , Claudian, 153 , 176 , 225 266 , 268 , 274 – 75 , 277 , 279 , 285 , 290 , 292 , Claudius II (268– 270) , 8 , 10 , 23 , 26 , 29 , 42 , 46 , 299 , 301 – 02 , 313 , 315 – 16 , 334 , 336 97 , 114 barbarian attacks, 166 , 205 , 237 , 273 , 305 , 314 , Clermont, 211 , 216 319 – 20 , 331 , 336 – 37 , 349 Cniva, Gothic king, 20 , 102 building, 136 , 155 , 157 , 170 , 174 , 199 , 279 , 293 Codex Gregorianus , 41 , 258 church council or synod, 77 , 134 , 157 , 162 , 167 , Codex Hermogenianus , 41 , 258 264 , 277 Codex Justinianus , 6 , 43 , 196 , 230 , 258 Church of the Holy Apostles, 61 , 69 , 78 , 130 , Codex h eodosianus , 165 , 171 , 188 , 258 136 , 152 , 160 , 174 , 253 , 279 , 291 – 92 , 348 collatio lustralis . See taxation churches, 61 , 66 , 154 , 160 , 170 , 201 , 208 , Cologne, 21 , 74 , 89 , 102 , 104 , 213 255 – 56 , 293 , 300 Comentiolus, 294 – 98 , 300 , 309 defenses, 60 , 155 , 166 , 248 , 314 , 337 comes , 10 , 66 – 67 , 76 , 121 , 169 , 199 , 209 , 219 , 231 , i res, 158 – 59 , 199 , 204 , 250 , 261 , 301 233 , 249 , 277 l eet, 98 , 235 comes Aegypti , 145 , 173 , 198 foundation, 60 – 61 comes Africae , 121 , 124 , 126 , 154 , 176 , 182 , 186 , 231 grain supply, 60 , 68 , 71 , 158 , 289 , 336 comes Armeniae , 207 , 231 , 257 Hagia Sophia, 61 , 133 , 154 , 157 – 58 , 162 , 204 , comes Britanniarum , 121 , 138 264 , 278 , 299 , 335 comes domesticorum , 108 , 116 , 123 , 132 , 162 , 200 , Hebdomon, 60 , 121 , 136 , 147 , 155 , 167 , 170 – 71 , 202 , 212 , 217 , 219 , 221 , 314 197 , 204 , 251 , 292 , 300 comes excubitorum , 234 , 254 , 279 , 283 , 286 , hostages, 108 , 135 , 160 , 199 , 225 , 274 , 348 289 – 90 , 293 , 296 , 300 , 334 mint, 60 , 139 , 253 , 261 , 332 comes foederatorum , 234 , 240 , 314 monks, 136 , 157 , 162 , 167 , 198 , 200 – 01 , 204 , comes obsequii , 313 – 14 , 316 206 , 252 , 254 , 256 , 261 , 334 comes Orientis , 38 , 74 , 81 , 141 – 42 , 302 palace, 160 , 162 , 201 , 208 , 253 , 255 , 261 , 270 , comes patrimonii , 259 , 268 279 , 284 , 289 , 291 , 293 , 306 comes per Illyricum , 88 , 127 patriarch, 70 – 71 , 77 , 133 – 35 , 154 , 161 , 167 , 174 , comes per utramque Germaniam , 99 191 , 197 – 98 , 201 , 204 , 206 , 220 , 246 , 250 – 53 , comes rei militaris , 66 , 72 , 98 , 125 , 132 , 148 , 153 , 264 , 277 , 283 – 85 , 289 , 291 , 294 , 297 , 300 , 341 171 , 182 , 211 , 231 , 254 relics, 61 , 81 , 136 , 145 , 160 , 170 , 199 , 208 , 284 , comes rei privatae , 13 , 66 , 123 , 172 , 259 , 271 293 , 335 comes sacrarum largitionum , 14 , 66 , 79 , 88 , 123 , riots, 71 , 157 – 58 , 247 , 250 , 261 – 63 , 292 , 299 , 132 , 135 , 155 , 172 , 177 , 216 , 301 301 , 308 , 337 comes sacri consistorii , 275 Senate, 61 , 66 , 75 – 76 , 79 , 135 , 147 , 158 , 166 , comes stabuli , 289 172 , 197 , 200 , 246 , 251 , 255 – 56 , 262 , 279 , comitatus , 10 – 14 , 23 , 38 , 43 , 45 , 64 – 65 , 79 , 82 , 288 , 292 , 297 , 300 95 – 97 , 100 , 147 , 213 , 339 Constantius I (305–306) , 3 0 – 3 1 , 3 3 , 3 5 , 3 8 , 4 2 – 4 5 , consistory, 2 , 6 – 8 , 43 – 44 , 74 , 89 – 90 , 115 , 117 , 90 – 91 , 93 , 100 , 114 119 – 21 , 126 – 27 , 131 – 32 , 140 , 158 , 172 , 178 , 191 , Constantius II (337–361) , 42 , 64 – 65 , 69 – 79 , 81 , 200 , 225 , 253 , 265 , 279 , 288 – 89 , 297 , 304 , 83 , 88 – 89 , 91 – 95 , 98 – 99 , 101 – 02 , 109 , 112 – 14 , 306 – 07 119 , 123 , 128 , 133 , 135 – 36 , 326 Constans (337–350) , 64 , 69 – 72 , 74 , 83 , 98 Constantius III (421) , 161 , 181 – 82 , 185 , 236 Constans (409–411) , 177 , 179 , 181 consulate, 16 , 58 , 79 , 82 , 121 , 131 , 135 , 143 , 153 – 55 , Constantine I (306–337) , 11 , 19 , 41 – 42 , 45 , 51 – 69 , 179 , 200 – 01 , 208 , 231 , 255 – 56 , 261 , 266 80 , 87 , 90 – 91 , 94 , 97 , 99 – 100 , 104 , 112 , 114 Cordoba, 287 , 294 Constantine II (337– 340) , 58 , 64 Corduene, 30 , 106 , 120 Constantine III (407–411) , 176 , 179 , 181 , corrector totius Orientis , 22 226 – 27 , 231 Corsica, 211 , 214 , 266 , 269 , 333 Constantine III (641) , 331 Corycus, 127

368

369

Index

Cotiaeum, 43 , 170 , 247 , 254 dux , 52 , 65 , 96 , 100 , 123 , 132 , 229 , 233 , 259 , 266 , Cremna, 28 309 , 313 – 15 , 324 crown gold. See taxation, aurum coronarium dux Aegypti , 74 , 81 Ctesiphon, 29 , 83 , 105 – 06, 110 , 292 , 339 dux Armeniae , 248 cubicularii , 8 , 163 , 254 dux Daciae Ripensis , 96 Cucusus, 158 dux Eufratensis et Syriae , 100 , 199 cura palatii , 117 , 283 – 84 , 334 dux Mauritaniae , 307 cursus publicus , 15 , 38 , 45 , 62 , 64 – 65 , 89 – 90 , 96 , dux Mesopotamiae , 65 , 231 , 258 153 , 185 , 215 dux Moesiae Secundae ., 306 Cynegius, 135 , 139 , 143 dux Palestinae , 108 , 252 , 328 Cyprus, 38 , 64 , 154 , 208 , 272 , 310 , 335 dux Pannoniae Primae et Norici Ripensis , 100 Cyrene, 155 dux Phoenices Libanensis , 315 Cyril, patriarch of Alexandria, 159 , 162 , 188 , 250 dux h ebaidis , 164 , 275 Cyrrhus, 14 dux utriusque Ponti , 199 Cyrus Dvin, 274 , 287 patriarch of Alexandria, 341 , 347 Dyrrachium, 247 praetorian prefect, 165 , 170 Cyzicus, 128 Edessa, 20 , 81 – 82 , 120 , 248 , 256 , 273 , 292 , 294 , mint, 16 , 256 , 261 297 , 301 , 308 , 310 , 325 , 335 Edict of Milan, 52 Dacia, 10 , 24 , 35 , 88 , 101 , 205 , 230 , 237 , 254 , 272 edicts, 9 , 40 , 44 , 47 , 80 , 120 , 133 , 144 , 160 , 165 , diocese, 64 – 65 , 70 , 133 , 139 , 153 , 163 , 176 , 272 , 277 178 , 184 , 187 , 190 , 208 , 217 , 220 , 230 , 247 , Dalmatia, 35 , 45 , 165 , 176 , 179 , 214 , 218 , 220 , 249 , 249 , 255 , 258 – 59 , 284 , 323 , 332 267 , 272 , 301 , 318 Egypt, 8 , 20 , 25 – 26 , 38 , 68 , 75 , 100 , 114 , 143 , 198 , Damascus, 334 , 339 , 345 204 , 241 , 247 , 268 – 69 , 302 , 309 , 312 , 335 , 341 Daniel the Stylite, 200 – 01 , 204 defenses, 100 , 110 – 11 , 233 Danube, 19 – 20 , 22 – 23 , 28 , 31 , 90 , 99 , 101 , 104 , diocese, 121 127 , 129 , 132 , 139 , 158 , 166 , 199 , 220 , 235 , 237 , grain exports, 15 , 60 , 286 239 , 248 , 273 , 291 , 295 , 298 – 99 , 305 , 308 , rebellion, 28 , 31 , 33 , 90 , 112 315 , 319 – 20 under Arabs, 331 , 347 – 48 defenses, 18 , 35 , 60 , 68 , 88 , 90 , 100 , 102 , 131 , under Persians, 335 , 339 133 , 170 , 229 , 233 , 237 , 243 , 248 , 272 – 73 , 301 , elephants, 83 , 107 , 290 , 325 305 , 310 Eleutherius (619) , 333 Dara, 249 , 257 – 58 , 274 , 279 , 288 , 296 – 98 , 301 , Ellebichus, 141 – 42 306 , 325 – 26 embassies, 11 , 306 Dardania, 257 barbarian, 91 , 127 , 273 , 285 , 287 , 305 – 06 , 324 de caeremoniis , 197 , 246 , 253 papal, 168 , 252 , 255 , 264 de rebus bellicis , 86 – 87 , 93 Persian, 69 , 139 , 297 decennalia , 15 , 58 , 59f9 , 141 , 143 , 144f12 provincial, 9 , 122 , 124 – 25 , 141 – 42 , 155 , 190 Decentius, 72 – 73 , 103 Roman, 93 , 112 , 147 , 174 , 186 , 191 , 201 , 207 , Decius (249–251) , 5 , 20 , 102 – 03 , 115 210 , 238 , 251 , 290 , 297 , 305 , 307 Dertona, 213 Senatorial, 126 , 136 , 147 , 219 Digest , 5 , 258 Emesa, 21 , 25 , 165 Diocletian (284– 305) , 13 , 17 , 25 , 29 – 41 , 45 – 47 , emperor 51 , 56 , 60 , 64 , 66 , 69 , 75 , 80 – 81 , 87 , 90 , 93 , Augustus, 5 , 30 , 38 , 64 , 70 , 74 95 – 97 , 100 , 104 , 109 – 10 , 112 , 114 , 120 Caesar, 5 , 30 , 35 , 45 – 46 , 64 – 65 , 73 , 75 , 186 , 212 , Dioscurus, patriarch of Alexandria, 167 – 68 , 221 , 256 – 57 , 288 , 292 173 , 191 deii cation, 23 , 42 , 69 , 79 Domitius Alexander (308–309) , 4 6 – 4 7 , 9 7 estates, 12 , 14 , 53 , 60 , 75 , 79 , 94 , 120 , 122 , 159 , Donatists, 55 – 58 , 65 , 72 , 124 , 184 , 295 178 , 183 , 191 , 266 , 268 , 270 , 274 , See res donatives, 15 , 67 , 82 , 203 , 212 , 300 , 310 privata Droctulf, 294 , 311 images, 48 , 66 , 83 , 139 – 40 , 157 , 176 , 205 , 247 , Dura Europus, 20 , 107 , 109 , 327 250 , 262 , 296 , 300 – 01

369

370

Index

emperor (cont.) Firmus, 111 , 113 , 126 , 138 regalia, 36 , 177 , 221 , 251 , 254 , 262 , 266 , 305 Flaminia et Picenum, 209 , 270 senior Augustus, 45 , 136 , 172 , 185 , 197 , 210 , 226 Florianus (276) , 28 victory title, 25 , 31 , 278 fortii cations, 96 , 102 , 106 , 109 , 112 , 120 , 207 , Ephesus 233 , 240 , 249 , 266 , 272 – 73 , 302 , 319 , 324 , city, 27 , 122 , 162 , 168 , 204 , 279 329 , 343 First Council, 162 , 167 , 169 , 173 – 74 , 188 Franks, 19 , 28 , 31 – 32 , 51 , 65 , 68 , 71 , 73 – 74 , 87 , Second Council, 167 – 69 , 173 – 74 , 191 90 , 94 – 95 , 101 – 02 , 104 , 113 , 131 , 146 , 176 , Epirus, 247 227 , 321 equestrian order, 16 – 17 , 40 , 66 , 94 in Gaul, 187 , 213 , 236 , 240 Euchaita, 250 , 347 in Italy, 267 , 270 , 294 , 305 , 312 , 318 , 322 Eudocia Fravitta, magister militum , 154 – 55 daughter of Valentinian III, 174 , 190 , 200 Frigidus, 108 , 148 , 153 wife of Heraclius, 331 Fritigern, Gothic leader, 103 , 131 – 33 wife of h eodosius II, 160 , 170 Eudoxia Gainas, 152 – 54 , 227 wife of Arcadius, 152 , 155 , 157 , 176 Galatia, 10 , 266 wife of Valentinian III, 160 , 165 , 174 , 186 , Galerius (305– 311) , 12f2 , 30 – 31 , 33 , 35 , 38 , 42 – 47 , 188 – 89 , 200 , 210 51 , 75 , 90 , 95 , 107 , 109 , 112 – 13 , 115 Eugenius (392– 394) , 113 , 117 , 147 – 48 Galicia, 211 Eumenius, 32 , 90 Galla Placidia, 142 , 161 , 180 – 82 , 185 – 86 , 189 , 191 Eunapius, 52 , 61 Gallic Empire, 21 , 23 , 25 , 31 , 112 eunuch, 8 , 36 , 65 , 75 , 153 – 55 , 158 , 170 , 180 , 191 , Gallienus (253–268) , 5 , 7 – 8 , 1 0 , 1 3 – 1 8 , 1 9 – 2 3 , 269 , 308 – 09 , 332 – 33 , 346 24 , 27 – 28 , 30 , 35 – 36 , 38 , 42 , 88 , 91 , 95 , Euphratensis, 14 , 190 , 268 , 274 112 , 114 Euphrates, 24 , 83 , 89 , 109 , 259 , 292 , 327 , 337 , 347 Gangra, 173 , 198 Euric, Visigothic king, 215 – 19 Gaul, 18 , 21 , 23 , 25 , 28 , 31 , 58 , 64 – 65 , 71 – 72 , 76 , 90 , Eusebius 113 , 121 , 127 , 131 , 136 , 147 , 179 , 181 , 184 , 187 , of Caesarea, historian, 19 , 44 , 47 , 69 189 , 197 , 210 – 15 , 217 – 18 , 231 , 235 , 249 , 268 of Nicomedia, bishop, 62 – 63 , 70 – 71 , 75 barbarian attacks, 73 – 74 , 126 , 172 , 191 , 234 – 35 Eutropius barbarian settlements, 184 , 190 historian, 101 , 122 defenses, 98 , 101 , 181 , 211 , 233 praepositus sacri cubiculi , 153 – 54 , 269 diocese, 38 , 45 Eutyches, 167 – 68 , 173 , 191 , 203 , 206 imperial visits, 6 , 11 , 46 , 75 , 124 – 25 , 132 , Evagrius, 199 , 204 , 268 , 278 , 288 , 290 , 299 138, 176 exarch, 266 , 293 , 306 , 313 , 324 , 333 prefecture, 65 , 121 , 176 Gaza, 80 famine, 74 , 82 , 211 , 240 , 286 , 299 Geiseric, Vandal king, 174 , 187 – 89 , 201 , 210 , 214 , Felix, Pope, 220 219 , 242 i eld army Gelimer, Vandal king, 265 – 66 , 323 Africa, 98 , 111 , 231 , 266 , 313 , 324 Genseric, Vandal king, 235 Armenia, 313 – 14 , 316 Gepids, 166 , 172 , 248 – 49 , 269 , 272 , 285 – 86 , Britain, 231 316 , 319 East, 70 , 73 , 98 – 99 , 152 , 231 , 249 , 313 – 14 , 316 , Germania, 10 , 19 , 21 , 38 335 , 346 Germanicia, 337 eastern imperial, 98 , 231 , 298 – 99 , 313 – 14 Germanus Gaul, 70 – 71 , 73 , 98 – 99 , 231 bishop of Auxerre, 181 , 189 Illyricum, 70 – 71 , 73 , 98 – 99 , 231 , 313 , 316 , 319 magister militum , 257 , 266 , 269 , 279 imperial, 65 , 90 , 98 – 99 Gildo, 111 , 154 , 176 , 227 Italy, 313 Glycerius (473–474), 217 Spain, 98 , 231 , 313 gold coinage, 15 , 26 , 40 , 67 , 123 , 139 , 196 , 203 , h race, 98 – 99 , 231 , 233 , 299 , 308 , 313 , 316 212 , 249 , 253 , 260 , 301 , 335 western imperial, 98 – 99 , 140 , 231 , 233 Gordian III (238–244) , 5 , 20

370

371

Index

Goths Huneric, Vandal king, 190 in the Balkans, 117 , 130 , 132 – 33 , 143 , 148 , Huns, 131 , 158 , 163 , 166 – 67 , 170 – 72 , 174 , 188 , 191 , 152 – 54 , 217 , 236 , 248 201 , 210 , 225 , 236 , 272 – 73 , 316 , 319 – 20 , 348 in Italy, 159 , 175 – 76 , 179 , 181 – 82 , 242 from Caucasus, 153 north of the Danube, 5 , 19 – 20 , 22 – 24 , 27 , 31 , Hephthalites, 207 , 240 , 328 68 , 90 , 101 – 02 , 104 , 115 , 127 , 129 , 131 , 139 , in Persian service, 107 , 325 166 , 176 , 240 Kutrigurs, 273 , 305 , 313 , 320 Pannonian, 172 , 199 , 202 , 205 , 207 , 227 , 230 , in Roman service, 163 , 186 , 189 , 227 – 28 , 234 , 240 234 , 323 in Roman service, 23 , 100 , 113 , 127 , 147 – 48 , Roman subsidies, 163 , 166 , 172 , 229 , 237 154 – 55 , 208 , 227 , 230 , 255 , 311 Utigurs, 273 , 305 settled in Aquitania, 182 warfare, 166 , 237 – 40 h racian, 199 , 202 , 205 , 230 , 234 , 240 Hypatia, 159 , 168 warfare, 103 , 116 – 17 , 236 Hypatius, 247 – 48 , 256 – 57 , 262 , 308 Gratian (367– 383) , 115 – 17 , 124 – 25 , 130 , 132 – 33 , 135 – 36 , 138 , 146 Ibas, 169 , 173 , 275 , 285 Greece, 12f2 , 22 – 23 , 153 , 166 , 269 , 273 , 292 , Iberia, 31 , 108 , 110 , 130 , 139 , 143 , 147 , 160 , 256 , 323 , 333 287 , 338 Greek language, 8 – 10 , 12 , 63 , 106 , 121 , 127 , 135 , Iconium, 21 164 , 188 , 245 , 258 , 261 , 306 – 07 , 352 Illus, 203 – 06 , 208 Gregory, Pope, 293 – 94 , 300 , 311 – 12 Illyricum, 21 , 72 – 73 , 78 , 90 , 98 – 99 , 112 , 114 , 126, Gregory h aumaturgus, 22 273 , 305 Gundioc, Burgundian king, 212 , 214 diocese, 65 , 133 , 163 , 165 , 188 , 225 Gundobaudes, 221 Immae, 25 Gundobaudes, Burgundian king, 216 – 17 imperial cult, 18 , 42 , 52 inl ation, 14 – 15 , 26 , 67 , 123 Hadrianopolis, 259 Ingenuus (260) , 14 , 21 – 22 Helenopolis, 66 Intelene, 30 Helenopontus, 66 , 167 , 259 Isauria, 10 , 17 , 77 , 98 , 100 , 167 , 203 , 205 – 06 , 208 , Henotikon , 206 – 07 , 220 , 250 , 252 , 254 , 210 , 231 , 247 , 254 , 315 , 336 263 – 64 , 285 soldiers, 171 , 200 , 234 , 269 , 308 , 311 – 12 , 314 Heraclea, 27 , 35 , 251 – 52 , 295 , 307 , 336 Italy, 23 , 42 , 45 – 48 , 52 , 64 , 74 , 77 – 78 , 98 , 114 , 124 , Heraclianus 126 , 132 , 134 , 136 , 138 – 39 , 143 , 146 , 148 , 159 , comes Africae , 182 , 226 – 27 175 , 177 – 78 , 181 , 184 , 189 – 90 , 201 , 211 , 213 , praetorian prefect, 13 , 23 – 24 218 , 229 , 231 , 249 , 268 Heraclius (610– 641) , 302 , 306 , 308 , 312 , 331 – 49 administration, 17 , 36 , 39 , 66 , 209 , 249 , 270 Heraclius II (638–641) , 341 , 348 after reconquest, 270 , 286 , 288 , 290 , 293 – 95 , Heraclius, exarch, 296 , 301 – 02 , 308 , 331 301 , 304 , 307 , 310 , 313 – 15 , 333 , 348 Heruls, 8 , 22 – 23 , 221 , 236 , 249 , 269 , 272 , 314 , aristocracy, 16 , 41 319 , 322 barbarian attacks, 23 – 24 , 154 , 172 , 176 , 178 – 79 , Hierapolis, 297 , 341 191 , 207 , 210 , 217 , 220 – 21 , 236 , 240 , 270 , Hilderic, Vandal king, 256 , 265 286 , 301 Hippo, 187 barbarian settlements, 69 , 126 Historia Augusta , 21 , 29 , 40 civil war, 23 , 29 , 45 , 47 , 71 – 73 , 114 , 117 , 142 – 43 , Homoians, 77 , 81 , 124 , 128 , 133 – 34 , 140 , 154 147 , 161 , 181 – 82 , 186 – 87 , 212 , 227 Homoiousians, 77 , 128 reconquest, 224 , 245 , 264 , 267 , 269 , 271 , 273 , Honoria, 161 , 185 , 191 283 , 304 , 312 – 13 Honorius (393– 423) , 143 , 145 – 46 , 148 , 151 , Iuthungi. See Alamanni 153 – 54 , 175 – 87 , 189 , 226 , 228 – 29 Honorius, Pope, 333 – 34 , 342 Jacob Baradaeus, 263 , 285 , 292 Hormizd IV, Persian king, 292 , 297 Jerusalem, 54 , 67 , 80 – 81 , 174 , 211 , 326 , 331 , 335 , hostages, 92 , 106 , 116 , 180 , 190 , 204 , 206 , 225 , 339 – 41 , 345 306 , 336 , See Constantinople patriarch, 252 , 335 , 339 , 342

371

372

Index

Jews, 144 , 159 , 165 , 207 , 230 , 255 , 288 , 340 – 41 Lusitania, 38 , 138 John (423–425) , 161 , 186 Lycaonia, 10 , 199 , 210 , 231 , 259 , 311 John Chrysostom, 82 , 141 , 154 – 58 , 160 , 176 Lycia, 10 , 46 , 53 , 135 John Mystacon, 295 – 96 , 298 , 309 , 336 Lydia, 10 John Talaia, patriarch of Alexandria, 206 , 220 Lyons, 139 , 147 , 212 John the Cappadocian, 258 , 261 , 265 , 279 mint, 16 , 182 John Troglites, 266 , 324 Jovian (363–364) , 110 , 119 – 20 Macedonia, 64 – 65 , 69 – 70 , 133 , 139 , 153 , 176 , 202 , 277 Jovinus (411–413) , 182 , 183f16 , 229 Macedonians, 77 Jovinus, magister equitum , 99 , 103 Macedonius Judaea, 10 bishop of Constantinople under Constantius Julian (361– 363) , 75 – 76 , 78 – 84 , 89 , 91 , 99 , II, 71 , 77 103 – 04 , 110 , 112 – 14 magister oi ciorum , 138 Julianus (284– 285) , 29 monk, 141 Justin I (518–527) , 230 , 253 – 56 , 334 Macrianus Justin II (565– 578) , 273 , 283 – 91 , 293 , 305 Alamannic king, 92 , 126 Justinian (527–565) , 5 , 93 , 252 , 254 – 80 , 283 – 84 , a rationibus , 14 , 21 – 22 , 42 289 , 304 , 306 – 10 , 312 – 15 , 324 , 328 , 332 Macrianus (261) , 14 , 21 Justiniana Prima, 272 , 296 magister epistularum , 9 , 212 Juvenal, patriarch of Jerusalem, 169 , 174 magister equitum . See magister militum magister libellorum , 9 , 65 Kavadh I, Persian king, 248 , 256 – 57 , 325 , 327 , 344 magister memoriae , 9 , 32 , 125 Kavadh II, Persian king, 339 magister militum , 6 5 – 6 6 , 7 0 – 7 3 , 7 5 – 7 6 , 7 8 – 8 0 , 9 5 , Kutrigurs. See Huns 98 , 100 , 103 , 106 , 113 , 116 , 121 , 123 , 125 – 26 , 130 , 132 , 140 , 147 – 48 , 151 , 153 , 163 , 165 , 170 , Lactantius, 13 , 20 , 35 – 36 , 44 – 45 , 47 , 52 173 , 175 , 177 – 79 , 181 , 186 – 89 , 191 , 197 , 201 , Laodicea, 141 208 , 211 – 13 , 217 – 19 , 221 , 227 , 231 , 233 , 236 , Laranda, 21 240 – 41 , 247 , 249 , 253 , 266 , 270 , 287 , 293 , Latin language, 6 , 9 – 10 , 12 , 63 , 122 , 129 , 133 , 164 , 309 , 312 – 14 , 333 176 , 254 , 257 – 58 , 289 , 303 , 307 , 312 , 352 magister militum Dalmatiae , 218 Lazica, 108 , 174 , 198 , 256 , 274 , 287 , 296 , 311 , 315 , magister militum per Africam , 266 , 287 , 293 , 312 , 317 , 324 – 26 , 337 – 38 323 – 24 , 333 Leo magister militum per Armeniam , 257 , 274 , 287 , Pope, 168 , 173 , 190 , 198 298 , 313 Tome, 168 , 173 , 191 , 204 , 206 , 220 , 245 – 46 magister militum per Gallias , 74 – 75 , 89 , 99 , 175 , Leo I (457– 474), 197 – 202 , 212 , 215 , 218 , 233 , 274 177 , 186 – 87 , 212 , 214 , 216 , 218 , 231 Leo II (473– 474) , 202 magister militum per Illyricum , 127 , 130 , 145 , 154 , Leontius (484- 488), 206 , 228 176 , 205 , 248 – 49 , 267 , 272 – 73 , 284 , 286 , 320 Leptis Magna, 124 , 266 magister militum per Orientem , 81 , 99 , 112 , 133 , Libanius, 61 , 75 – 76 , 103 , 123 , 135 , 140 , 147 141 , 155 , 171 – 72 , 199 – 200 , 206 , 248 , 255 – 57 , Liber Pontii calis , 53 – 54 , 252 , 333 288 , 290 , 292 – 93 , 296 – 97 , 301 , 306 , 309 , 313 , Liberius, 249 , 271 332 , 334 , 345 – 46 Libius Severus (461–465) , 201 , 214 magister militum per h racias , 199 , 201 , 203 , 248 , Libya, 111 , 228 251, 255 , 257 , 272 – 73 , 295 , 298 , 307 , 315 , 320 Licinius (308– 324) , 46 – 52 , 54 , 57 – 58 , 59f9 , magister militum praesentalis , 146 , 154 , 159 , 170 – 71 , 59 – 61 , 65 , 68 , 73 , 80 , 90 , 97 – 100 , 113 201 – 05 , 227 , 231 , 234 , 248 , 255 , 257 , 286 , 312 Liguria, 213 , 221 , 286 magister militum Spaniae , 271 logothete , 293 magister oi ciorum , 65 – 66 , 73 , 105 , 121 , 123 , Lombards, 269 , 272 , 283 , 285 – 86 , 288 , 290 , 125 – 26 , 138 , 141 , 153 , 155 , 161 , 163 , 169 – 71 , 294 – 95 , 301 , 305 , 312 , 318 – 19 , 322 , 333 173 , 177 – 78 , 197 , 200 , 206 , 208 , 216 , 246 – 49 , London, 32f4 , 35 , 181 253 , 255 , 259 , 262 , 271 , 300, 306 , 337 , 348 Lucania, 26 , 143 , 214 magister peditum . See magister militum Lugdunensis, 33 magister utriusque militiae . See magister miltum

372

373

Index

Magnentius (350–353) , 7 2 – 7 4 , 7 8 – 7 9 , 9 5 , Miracles of St. Demetrius , 320 112 – 14 , 124 Moesia, 10 Magnus Maximus (383–388) , 112 – 13 , 117 , 138 – 40 , diocese, 38 , 45 , 47 , 58 , 65 142 , 145 province, 29 , 166 , 205 , 235 , 251 , 272 , 310 , 315 Mainz, 102 , 182 Mohammed, 339 , 343 – 45 Maiozamalcha, 96 monks, 48 , 80 , 141 , 143 , 156 , 161 , 168 , 174 , 203 – 04 , Majorian (457–461) , 197 , 209 – 10 , 212 – 14 , 221 , 230 , 246 , 252 , 278 , 285 , 294 – 95 , 299 , 326 , 236 , 241 335 , 342 Malalas, 128 , 251 , 253 , 278 monoenergism, 341 Mamertinus, 6 , 8 , 79 monotheletism, 342 , 348 Mammes, 266 , 324 Mons Lactarius, 270 , 318 Manichees, 230 Moors, 33 , 90 , 266 , 323 – 24 Marcellinus, 214 – 15 , 241 Mundo, 249 , 267 , 272 , 306 , 308 Marcian (450–457) , 171 – 75 , 191 , 197 , 210 – 12 , 230 Mursa, 21 , 73 – 74 , 113 – 14 Marcian, son of Anthemius, 208 Mylasa, 219 Marcianopolis, 20 , 98 , 132 , 166 , 231 , 237 , 272 , 295 , 312 – 13 , 320 Nacoleia, 113 , 128 Marcomanni, 10 , 31 Naissus, 23 , 79 , 166 , 237 , 254 , 333 Margus, 29 , 115 , 166 Naples, 54 , 267 , 269 , 286 , 318 , 333 Marinus, 250 – 51 , 315 Naqsh- i Rustam, 10 , 21 , 106 , 108 Marseilles, 218 – 19 Narbo, 189 , 214 Martyropolis, 258 – 59 , 296 – 98 Narse, Persian king, 30 , 93 , 107 , 109 Mascezel, 111 , 176 , 227 , 233 Narses, praepositus sacri cubiculi , 262 , 267 , 269 , Mauricius (582– 602) , 283 , 290 – 301 , 306 , 309 , 311 – 13 , 315 , 317 , 321 308 – 09 , 312 – 14 , 316 , 327 , 332 , 334 , 336 Neocaesarea, 22 Mauritania, 10 , 32 – 33 , 90 , 110 , 112 , 188 , 190 , Nepos (474–480) , 202 , 218 , 220 , 226 , 231 210 , 324 Nepotianus (350) , 72 Maxentius (306–312) , 37f6 , 40 , 45 – 47 , 51 , 54 – 55 , Nestorius, 161 – 62 , 169 , 173 , 188 , 191 , 203 , 206 88 , 97 , 99 – 100 , 113 Nicaea Maximian (286–305) , 6 , 3 0 – 3 1 , 3 3 , 3 5 , 3 8 , 4 2 – 4 6 , city, 35 , 63 , 120 – 21 , 128 59 , 90 , 104 , 112 Council, 62 – 63 , 67 , 70 , 77 , 124 , 128 – 29 , 134 , Maximinus Daia (311–313) , 45 , 47 – 48 , 51 , 80 , 162 , 173 , 203 , 252 , 264 90 , 113 Nicene Creed, 63 , 70 , 77 , 133 , 169 , 206 Maximus (409–411, 420–422) , 179 , 181 , 184 Nicenes, 70 , 77 , 120 , 124 , 128 , 133 Melantias, 36 Nicomedia, 29 , 35 , 44 – 45 , 48 , 60 , 69 , 75 , 98 Melitene, 290 , 294 mint, 40 , 253 , 261 Melitians, 62 , 67 Nineveh, 312 , 331 , 339 , 341 , 346 – 47 Menander Protector, 274 , 291 , 306 Nisibis, 25 , 31 , 70 , 72 – 73 , 107 , 109 – 10 , 120 , 161 , Menander Rhetor, 10 207 , 240 , 249 , 256 , 288 , 296 Merobaudes, 189 Noricum, 10 , 28 , 78 , 165 , 177 – 79 , 208 , 220 , 235 Mesopotamia, 5 , 10 , 20 , 29 , 78 , 105 , 108 – 09 , Notitia Dignitatum , 97 – 99 , 175 , 189 , 231 , 232f17 , 120 , 130 , 161 , 210 , 248 , 257 , 268 , 274 , 290 , 232 – 33 , 315 292 , 296 , 298 , 302 , 310 , 313 – 14 , 325 – 26 , 328 , Novae, 170 , 207 , 237 336 , 339 Novatians, 63 Milan, 22 , 35 , 45 , 57 , 89 , 98 , 114 , 124 – 25 , 132 , Numerianus (283– 284), 2 8 , 9 5 138 – 40 , 143 , 145 – 46 , 148 , 151 , 191 , 216 , 221 , Numidia, 111 – 12 , 188 , 190 , 210 , 324 231 , 240 , 267 , 318 imperial acclamations, 23 , 30 , 45 , 75 Odenathus, 21 – 22 , 24 imperial visits, 16 , 35 , 47 , 58 , 74 , 90 , 143 , Odovacer, 207 , 218 – 21 , 227 , 230 , 236 , 249 148 , 175 Oea, 125 , 241 mint, 16 Oescus, 104 Milvian Bridge, 47 , 51 , 88 Olybrius (472) , 174 , 197 , 202 , 205 , 209 , 217 , 256 mints, 11 , 16 , 40 , 123 , 253 , 256 , 261 , 302 , 332 , 336 Opsikion . See comes obsequii

373

374

Index

Orcistus, 52 petitions, 3 , 8 , 11 – 13 , 16 , 18 , 35 – 36 , 41 , 55 , 62 , 79 , Oriens, 38 , 45 , 121 95 , 120 , 155 , 157 , 164 , 164f15 , 169 , 172 , 198 , Orleans, 191 , 214 , 239 203 , 208 , 215 , 252 , 259 , 275 , 289 , 299 , 339 , 351 Osrhoene, 96 , 143 , 169 , 210 , 274 , 292 , 347 Petronius Maximus (455) , 210 Ostrogoths, 221 , 247 , 249 , 267 , 270 , 272 – 73 , Petronius Probus, 121 , 180 307 – 08 , 312 , 317 Phasis, 307 , 325 l eet, 269 , 318 Philip (244– 249) , 12 kingdom, 249 , 255 – 56 , 269 – 71 Philippopolis, 166 warfare, 317 , 321 – 23 Philostorgius, 112 Oxyrhynchus, 8 , 15 Phocas (602–610) , 299 – 302 , 308 , 310 , 331 – 34 Phoenicia, 10 , 53 , 314 – 15 paganism, 52 – 53 , 61 , 79 – 80 , 82 , 143 – 44 , 147 , 155 , Phrygia, 10 , 12 , 36 , 43 , 52 , 154 , 247 165 , 209 , 230 , 255 , 273 , 292 , 294 Pirisabora, 106 pagans, 52 , 75 , 119 , 135 – 36 , 159 , 177 , 200 , 208 – 09 , Pisidia, 28 , 167 , 199 , 231 , 259 285 , 292 Placentia, 212 , 218 Palestina, 53 , 66 , 155 , 174 , 199 , 279 , 285 , 310 , 339 , Placidia, 197 , 217 341 , 345 – 46 plague, 23 , 268 – 69 , 336 Palmyra, 13 , 21 , 23 – 25 , 31 , 91 , 314 Plotinus, 7 , 10 , 14 , 23 Pamphylia, 10 , 27 – 28 , 199 , 231 Poetovio, 74 , 143 Pamprepius, 208 Pollentia, 176 , 236 Pannonia, 10 , 21 , 24 , 46 , 58 , 70 , 73 , 76 , 78 , 94 , Pontica, 22 , 38 , 45 , 122 , 174 , 198 – 99 , 259 121 , 127 , 131 , 133 , 135 , 143 , 176 , 189 , 199 , 217 , Pontifex Maximus , 42 , 51 , 136 247 , 249 , 272 , 285 – 86 , 291 Porphyry barbarian settlements, 32 , 172 bishop of Gaza, 155 diocese, 38 , 47 , 58 , 64 – 65 , 165 philosopher, 7 , 14 Panopolis, 31 , 96 Postumus (260–268) , 19 , 21 , 23 , 25 , 27 papacy, 62 , 70 – 71 , 124 , 153 , 184 , 188 , 191 , 206 , 220 , praefectus Aegypti , 15 , 22 , 25 , 41 245 – 46 , 255 , 270 , 277 , 296 , 301 , 306 , 333 praefectus Augustalis , 121 , 145 , 159 , 173 , 335 , 341 Paphlagonia, 173 , 198 , 259 praefectus vigilum , 23 Paris, 78 , 125 , 138 praepositus sacri cubiculi , 36 , 78 , 153 , 159 , 170 , 189 , patricius , 66 , 76 , 153 , 171 , 187 – 89 , 208 – 12 , 215 – 19 , 246 , 269 , 283 , 309 227 , 231 , 257 , 284 , 290 , 292 , 334 , 337 praeses . See provincial governor Patricius, son of Aspar, 200 – 01 praetorian prefect, 13 – 14 , 29 – 30 , 32 , 36 , 38 , 52 – 53 , Pelagius 66 , 70 , 73 , 95 – 96 , 122 – 23 , 169 – 70 , 196 , 208 , monk, 184 217 , 229 , 310 Pope, 264 , 270 , 294 Africa, 38 , 64 , 70 , 266 , 287 , 293 , 313 , 323 , 334 Perge, 27 – 28 collecting taxes, 14 , 38 – 39 , 172 , 253 , 310 Peroz I, Persian king, 207 , 240 East, 38 , 65 , 71 , 74 , 80 , 93 , 119 , 121 , 135 , 139 , 143 , Persarmenia, 139 , 240 , 248 , 256 , 274 , 287 – 88 149 , 151 – 52 , 154 – 55 , 158 , 163 , 165 , 170 , 173 , Persians, 5 , 20 – 22 , 28 – 30 , 33 , 48 , 70 , 78 , 83 , 199 , 204 , 207 , 209 , 250 , 258 – 59 , 261 , 265 , 89 – 90 , 115 , 130 , 166 , 198 , 200 , 207 , 225 , 248 , 275 , 284 , 300 , 314 256 – 57 , 268 , 273 , 287 – 88 , 290 , 292 , 296 – 97 , Gaul, 71 , 75 , 138 , 177 , 211 , 213 , 216 , 249 301 – 02 , 305 , 316 , 331 – 35 , 337 – 40 Gaul, Italy and Africa, 131 Christians, 69 Illyricum, 121 , 166 , 205 , 272 treaties, 30 , 93 , 120 , 248 , 258 , 274 , 287 , Italy, 65 , 77 , 177 , 179 , 184 , 191 , 210 , 219 , 249 , 290 , 306 267 , 271 , 309 , 313 warfare, 105 – 10 , 240 , 312 , 324 – 29 , 338 Italy, Illyricum and Africa, 71 , 79 , 97 , 121 , 131 Peter Mongus, patriarch of Alexandria, 173 , 204 , leading troops, 13 , 23 , 47 , 64 – 65 , 97 , 251 , 309 206 , 220 Priscillian, 136 , 190 Peter the Fuller, patriarch of Antioch, 198 , 204 , Priscus 207 , 220 historian, 166 , 226 , 229 , 238 Peter the Iberian, 160 , 225 magister militum , 295 – 96 , 298 , 300 – 02 , 307 Peter the Patrician, 25 , 58 , 105 , 246 , 274 , 306 Probus (276– 282) , 28 , 30

374

375

Index

proconsul Ricimer, 197 , 211 – 17 , 221 , 228 , 231 Achaea, 17 , 38 riots, 140 , 145 , 178 , 198 , 205 , 315 Africa, 17 , 38 , 40 , 43 , 55 , 125 – 26 , 143 Roman army Asia, 17 , 38 , 40 , 122 auxilia palatina , 100 , 233 Procopius (365- 366) , 83 , 88 , 90 , 113 , 127 candidati , 254 , 257 , 332 Procopius, historian, 180 , 187 , 242 , 252 , 254 , capability, 105 , 113 , 117 , 224 , 229 , 233 , 298 , 329 256 – 57 , 272 , 277 , 279 , 309 – 10 , 315 – 16 , comitatenses , 65 , 94 , 97 , 100 , 233 – 34 , 313 – 14 321 , 327 – 28 excubitores , 97 , 234 , 253 – 54 , 263 , 283 , 302 , 315 procurator, 17 , 96 foederati , 230 , 234 , 251 , 255 , 314 Promotus, 140 , 231 legion, 18 , 25 , 97 , 99 – 100 , 233 , 312 provinces, 14 , 16 – 18 , 36, 41 , 80 , 97 , 258 – 59 legiones palatinae , 43 , 116 , 233 provincial governor, 17 , 36 , 40 – 41 , 66 , 81 , 96 – 97 , limitanei , 65 , 98 , 100 , 102 , 233 , 235 , 266 , 100 , 122 – 25 , 134 , 139 , 141 , 147 , 169 , 191 , 196 , 310 – 11 , 313 – 15 207 , 209 – 10 , 249 , 259 , 270 , 284 , 315 , 334 naval forces, 59 , 83 , 92 – 93 , 98 , 114 , 143 , 213 , Pulcheria, 155 , 159 – 60 , 170 , 172 – 74 227 , 235 , 241 – 42 , 249 , 251 , 269 , 294 , 302 , 315 , 318 , 320 , 338 Qadisiyya, 329 , 331 , 347 praetorians, 30 , 97 Quadi, 29 , 31 , 76 , 92 , 97 , 105 , 127 protectores , 95 , 106 , 112 , 119 , 234 , 236 , 309 quaestor , 65 , 77 , 123 , 163 , 177 , 200 , 208 – 09 , 249 , rations, 40 , 96 , 116 , 124 , 310 , 314 261 , 271 , 285 recruiting, 93 – 94 , 113 , 115 , 131 , 143 , 176 , 212 , quaestura exercitus , 272 , 310 229 – 30 , 234 , 290 , 311 – 13 Quietus (261) , 21 scholae palatinae , 65 , 73 , 93 – 94 , 97 , 115 , 121 , Quinquegentiani, 32 , 111 129 , 153 , 233 – 34 , 236 , 253 , 257 , 314 quinquennalia , 9 , 16 , 141 , 212 siege warfare, 100 , 318 Quintillus (270), 2 3 vexillationes palatinae , 233 Romanus, 124 – 25 Radagaisus, Gothic king, 176 , 178 , 226 , 229 , 233 , Rome 236 , 242 Altar of Victory, 53 , 76 , 80 , 136 , 140 , 147 Raetia, 10 , 19 , 21 – 22 , 28 , 31 , 76 , 99 , 126 , 138 , 235 aristocracy, 36 , 54 , 66 , 121 , 131 , 167 , 175 , 178 , 184 Rapidum, 33 barbarian attacks, 178 – 80 , 210 , 267 , 269 , 294 , Ratiaria, 166 308 , 316 , 318 rationalis rei privatae . See comes rei privatae building, 26 , 35 , 47 , 54 , 176 – 77 , 182 , 219 , 333 rationalis rei summae , 42 church council or synod, 57 , 188 , 220 Ravenna, 45 , 98 , 113 , 161 , 177 – 79 , 184 , 187 , churches, 53 , 71 , 267 , 301 189 – 90 , 218 , 221 , 228 , 231 , 235 , 267 , 269 – 70 , city, 10 , 15 , 17 , 33 , 184 , 190 , 216 – 17 , 270 , 277 , 286 , 294 , 301 , 311 , 313 – 14 , 333 286 , 296 , 333 imperial acclamations, 185 , 212 , 214 , 217 – 18 , 333 defenses, 24 , 312 , 318 imperial visits, 175 , 187 , 189 , 211 grain supply, 15 , 78 , 113 , 176 , 179 , 211 , 215 , mint, 261 , 332 270 , 286 records. See archives imperial acclamations, 27 , 45 , 186 , 210 , 218 refugees, 69 , 83 , 142 , 181 , 190 , 237 , 333 , 335 imperial visits, 16 , 22 , 25 , 28 , 32 , 35 , 45 , 68 , 76 , Regalianus (260) , 14 , 21 – 22 143 , 145 , 148 , 175 , 182 , 189 , 191 , 211 , 215 regent, 146 , 148 , 151 , 158 , 175 , 186 , 256 , 337 mint, 16 , 24 , 26 , 261 , 270 relics, 110 , 145 , 189 , 331 , 335 , 339 palace, 57 , 294 , 333 res privata , 13 – 14 , 53 , 75 , 81 , 120 , 253 , 332 , See Pope, 70 , 72 , 74 , 143 emperor, estates relics, 54 , 284 res summa , 13 , 15 riots, 124 , 184 rescript, 9 , 18 , 35 – 36 , 138 , 209 , 275 Senate, 5 , 10 , 14 , 16 – 17 , 26 , 36 , 40 , 42 , 53 , 66 , Rhine, 21 – 22 , 28 , 35 , 51 , 76 , 90 , 92 , 101 , 104 , 125 , 69 , 75 – 76 , 80 , 123 , 126 , 136 , 143 , 145 , 147 , 146 , 176 , 235 177 , 179 , 182 , 185 , 216 , 219 , 300 defenses, 18 , 31 , 88 , 90 , 99 – 100 , 102 , 132 , 146 , Romulus (475–476) , 218 181 , 189 , 224, 233 , 235 , 243 R u i nus, 149 , 151 – 52 Rhodope, 321 Rugi, 208 , 220 , 227

375

376

Index

sacellarius , 283 , 293 , 309 , 332 Sittas, 257 Salii. See Franks slaves, 8 , 11 , 79 , 94 , 135 , 229 , 332 Salona, 35 , 45 – 46 , 218 , 220 , 228 , 267 , 272 , 319 , 333 Slavs, 199 , 240 , 248 , 256 , 272 – 73 , 291 , 295 , 298 , Salonina, 7 , 10 , 24 301 , 305 , 308 – 09 , 316 , 319 – 21 , 323 , 333 , 338 Saloninus (260) , 5 , 18 , 21 Smaragdus, 294 , 301 Samaritans, 165 , 207 , 230 , 255 , 279 , 284 Socrates, 79 , 120 Samosata, 337 Solachon, 296 , 315 , 317 , 325 Sapur I, Persian king, 10 , 20 , 106 , 108 Solicinium, 91 , 126 Sapur II, Persian king, 69 , 83 , 106 , 109 , 130 , 139 Solomon, 266 , 324 Sapur III, Persian king, 139 Sophene, 30 , 139 Saracens, 83 , 111 – 12 , 235 , 240 , 268 , 287 , 292 , 312 , Sophia, 288 – 91 315 – 16 , 327 – 29 , 342 , See Arabs Sozomen, 159 Sardinia, 214 – 15 , 241 , 265 – 66 , 269 , 294 , 307 , Spain, 10 , 21 , 25 – 26 , 32, 38 , 45 , 65 , 72 – 73 , 78 , 90 , 323 – 24 , 333 114 , 132 , 135 – 36 , 138 , 147 , 181 , 187 , 189 – 90 , Sarmatians, 19 , 21 – 22 , 29 , 31 – 32 , 58 , 69 , 76 , 90 , 210 – 11 , 213 , 233 , 235 – 36 92 , 97 , 99 – 101 , 104 , 127 , 132 , 140 after reconquest, 271 , 287 , 294 , 313 , 318 , 333 – 34 , 348 Satala, 257 , 337 barbarian settlements, 163 , 179 , 182 Savia, 188 , 249 under Visigoths, 213 , 271 Saxons, 87 , 113 , 126 spatharius , 170 Sciri, 158 , 230 , 236 Spoletum, 184 , 286 Scythia, 58 , 132 , 235 , 272 , 310 Stilicho, 147 – 48 , 151 – 54 , 159 , 175 , 177 – 78 , 230 – 31 , Seleucia- ad- Calycadnum, 21 , 77 , 207 , 336 233 – 34 , 236 Selinus, 21 Strasbourg, 76 , 102 – 03 Selymbria, 279 Strategikon , 237 , 293 , 309 , 312 – 13 , 316 – 17 , 320 , 322 , senatorial order, 16 – 17 , 40 – 41 , 61 , 66 , 75 , 95 , 136 , 327 , 329 , 343 137f11 , 147 , 167 , 200 , 254 subsidies, 92 , 199 , 201 , 229 , 261 , 285 , 290 – 91 , Serdica, 35 , 45 , 58 , 71 , 269 , 333 294 – 95 , 298 , 301 , 305 , 333 , 336 , See Huns Sergius, patriarch of Constantinople, 264 , 277 , Suevi, 176 , 179 , 189 , 192 , 211 , 213 , 236 331 , 337 – 38 , 342 , 348 Syene, 164 , 164f15 , 312 Severus (306–307) , 45 , 113 , 115 Symmachus, 143 , 148 Severus, patriarch of Antioch, 250 , 252 , 254 , Synesius, 155 , 158 , 228 263 – 64 , 285 Syracuse, 265 , 269 Shahin, 334 – 35 , 337 – 38 Syria, 10 , 18 , 20 – 22 , 25 , 38 – 39 , 48 , 52 , 106 , 112 , 153 , Shahrbaraz, 334 – 39 199 , 203 , 329 , 331 – 32 , 341 , 347 – 48 Sicily, 11f1 , 113 , 143 , 166 , 181 , 190 , 201 , 211 , 214 – 15 , Persian attacks, 20 – 21 , 273 , 288 , 310 , 334 , 339 241 , 261 , 267 , 269 , 286 , 294 , 302 , 311 provinces, 17 – 18 , 38 , 40 , 97 , 210 under Ostrogoths, 264 – 65 , 267 , 307 , 315 , 318 Syriac language, 141 , 169 , 345 – 46 under the Vandals, 215 , 220 Syro- Roman Lawbook, 39 Sidonius Apollinaris, 213 , 215 – 16 Silvanus, 65 , 73 – 76 , 80 , 89 , 98 , 115 Tacitus (275– 276), 27 silver coinage, 16 , 26 – 27 , 67 , 106 , 249 , 335 Taginae, 270 , 312 – 13 , 317 , 321 Simplicius, Pope, 198 , 206 , 220 Taifali, 100 – 01 Singara, 72 , 78 , 109 – 10 , 120 , 290 Tarraco, 179 Singidunum, 166 , 170 , 237 , 249 , 272 , 295 , 298 , 319 Tarraconensis, 138 Sirmium, 12 , 23 , 28 , 30 , 35 , 70 , 72 – 73 , 76 – 78 , Tarsus, 21 , 28 , 48 , 64 , 83 , 113 , 120 , 130 , 136 , 97 – 98 , 114 – 15 , 121 , 124 , 132 , 165 , 172 , 231 , 207 , 334 272 , 286 , 291 , 319 tax remission, 53 – 54 , 172 , 178 , 190 , 284 , 289 , 291 under Avars, 291 , 295 , 319 taxation, 3 , 13 – 14 , 16 – 17 , 38 – 39 , 41 , 44 , 67 , 76 , 96 , under Gepids, 248 , 272 , 285 110 , 115 , 122 – 23 , 140 , 155 , 163 , 166 – 67 , 190 , under Huns, 166 , 188 , 199 , 237 196 , 204 , 228 – 29 , 268 , 274 , 291 , 305 , 310 under Ostrogoths, 249 , 272 aurum coronarium , 14 , 67 , 79 , 121 , 139 , 141 Siscia, 143 collatio glebalis , 67 , 172 , 178 mint, 16 collatio lustralis , 67 , 123 , 129 , 159 , 253

376

377

Index

Tetrarchy, 29 – 30 , 33 , 36 , 40 , 43 – 44 , 46 – 47 , 51 , 64 , traditores . See Donatists, Melitians 69 , 90 , 97 , 99 Traianus Mucianus, 95 Tetricus (270–274) , 25 – 26 , 113 Trapezus, 264 h ebaid, 96 , 100 , 164 , 247 , 274 Trdat III, Armenian king, 30 , 55 , 109 h ebes Tribonian, 258 , 261 – 62 in Egypt, 33 , 136 tricennalia , 228 in Greece, 153 , 295 Trier, 6 , 12 , 35 , 68 , 71 , 74 , 87 , 98 , 125 , 132 , 138 – 40 , h eodahad, Ostrogothic king, 264 , 267 143 , 146 , 176 , 179 , 213 , 231 h eodahad, Ostrogothic kng, 267 mint, 40 , 182 h eodebert, Frankish king, 267 , 278 Tripolitania, 32 , 100 , 111 , 124 – 25 , 190 , 241 , 265 , h eoderic I Visigothic king, 182 , 191 , 234 307 , 324 h eoderic II Visigothic king, 212 , 215 triumph, 9 , 25 – 26 , 73 , 176 , 182 , 229 , 247 , 266 h eoderic Strabo, 199 , 202 – 05 , 234 Turks, 283 , 287 – 88 , 290 , 296 , 325 , 328 , 338 h eoderic the Amal, 199 , 204 – 05 , 220 , 225 Tuscia Suburbicaria, 209 h eodora, 30 , 254 , 257 , 262 , 265 , 274 , 277 , 283 Twelve Anathemas, 162 , 173 , 206 h eodoret, 4 , 111 , 129 , 141 , 145 , 159 , 162 – 63 , Tyana, 25 167 – 68 , 173 , 190 , 208 , 275 , 277 , 285 tyrannus , 6 h eodosiopolis Tyre, 68 , 252 Erzurum, 248 , 257 , 290 , 313 , 326 , 337 , 341 in Mesopotamia, 287 Ulpian, 5 , 79 , 258 h eodosius I (379–395) , 77 , 112 – 14 , 117 , 127 , Urban Prefect 132 , 139 – 40 Constantinople, 61 , 75 , 135 – 36 , 157 , 159 , 170 , h eodosius II (402– 408) , 155 , 158 – 71 , 226 , 230 173 , 208 , 284 , 292 h eodosius the elder, 95 , 111 – 13 , 125 – 26 , 130 Rome, 11 , 17 , 38 , 41 , 51 , 126 , 140 , 143 , 177 , 184 , h eophilus, patriarch of Alexandria, 142 , 144 , 210 , 213 , 215 – 16 156 – 57 Ursicinus, 75 , 78 , 89 , 98 – 99 , 106 h ermopylae, 22 , 166 , 237 , 272 – 73 Ursulus, 79 , 88 h essalonica, 12f2 , 33 , 35 , 59 , 133 , 142 , 145 , 153 , 161 , Utigurs. See Huns 166 , 205 , 231 , 272 , 295 , 313 , 319 – 20 , 333 mint, 256 , 261 Vaballathus, 112 – 13 h race, 10 , 27 , 35 , 60 , 73 , 90 , 95 , 103 , 111 , 115 , Vadomarius, Alamannic king, 92 127 – 28 , 130 , 132 – 33 , 163 , 167 , 172 , 205 , Vagabanta, 110 , 130 248 , 251 , 272 , 279 , 289 , 292 , 308 , 311 , 314 , Valens (364–378) , 88 , 91 , 104 , 115 – 16 , 120 – 21 , 319 – 21 , 336 127 – 30 , 135 barbarian attacks, 237 , 273 Valentia, 126 barbarian settlements, 24 , 69 , 133 Valentinian I (364– 375) , 88 , 90 – 92 , 94 , 96 , 98 , diocese, 38 , 45 , 47 , 58 , 64 – 65 , 70 – 71 , 174 , 198 , 259 100 , 104 – 05 , 111 , 120 – 21 , 124 – 27 , 131 h ree Chapters , 275 , 277 , 285 Valentinian II (375– 392) , 130 – 32 , 139 – 40 , Tiberius II (578– 582) , 283 , 286 , 288 – 93 , 310 – 11 , 142 – 43 , 146 , 231 314 , 336 Valentinian III (423–425) , 6 , 161 , 164 – 65 , 172 – Ticinum, 177 , 218 , 240 , 267 , 269 , 286 74 , 185 – 92 , 197 , 200 , 209 – 10 , 217 , 226 – 28 , mint, 16 230 , 235 Tigran VII, Armenian king, 69 Valeria, 30 , 66 , 172 , 188 Tigris, 30 , 83, 109 , 326 Valerian (253–260) , 5 , 8 , 1 0 , 1 4 – 1 6 , 1 8 , 2 0 – 2 1 , Timasius, 143 , 147 , 153 – 54 27 – 30 , 42 , 90 , 108 , 115 Timothy Aelurus, patriarch of Alexandria, 173 , Vandals, 24 , 28 , 101 , 163 , 176 , 179 , 192 198 , 204 in Africa, 166 , 187 – 90 , 210 – 11 , 214 – 15 , 218 – 19 , Timothy Salofaciolus, patriarch of Alexandria, 224 – 25 , 229 , 235 , 237 , 241 , 243 , 198 , 204 265 – 67 , 307 Tingitania, 188 , 210 l eet, 190 , 196 , 213 , 235 , 241 , 243 , 318 , 323 Tlos, 46 in Roman service, 311 Totila, 269 – 70 , 318 , 321 – 22 in Spain, 171 , 182 , 184 , 236 Toulouse, 210 warfare, 318 , 323

377

378

Index

Vararanes III, Persian king, 30 Visigoths, 184 – 85 , 187 , 189 , 192 , 210 – 12 , 214 – 17 , 219 Vararanes V, Persian king, 161 in Roman service, 184 , 190 , 211 , 236 , 240 Verina, 197 , 203 , 205 , 207 – 08 in Spain, 213 , 271 , 287 , 318 , 334 Verona, 29 , 36 , 47 , 114 , 121 , 176 , 221 , 236 , 267 , Vitalian, 251 , 254 – 55 , 308 , 315 269 – 70 , 323 Vitigis, Ostrogothic king, 267 , 272 , 305 Vetranio (350) , 71 – 72 , 98 , 112 – 13 vicarius , 38 , 40 , 259 , 292 , 314 , See comes Orientis , Xusro I, Persian king, 258 , 273 , 288 , 290 , 306 , 325 See praefectus Augustalis Xusro II, Persian king, 297 – 98 , 301 , 306 , 314 , vicarius Africae , 46 , 57 , 79 , 125 , 266 337 , 339 vicarius Asianae , 52 , 129 vicarius h raciae , 259 Yarmuk, 329 , 331 , 345 – 47 vicennalia , 35 Yazdgard I, Persian king, 158 , 161 Victorinus (268– 270) , 25 Yazdgard II, Persian king, 240 Vienne, 146 , 181 Yemen, 287 , 307 , 343 Viennensis, 38 York, 45 Vigilius, Pope, 277 Viminacium, 166 , 238 Zabdicene, 30 , 120 mint, 16 Zeno (474– 491) , 197 , 200 – 09 , 219 , 226 , 231 vir clarissimus , 40 , 61 , 66 , 75 , 123 , 172 Zeno, magister militum , 172 , 227 vir eminentissimus , 40 Zenobia, 24 – 26 vir illustris , 40 , 65 – 66 , 123 , 165 , 170 , 215 , 300 Zosimus vir perfectissimus , 19 , 40 , 123 historian, 25 , 52 , 87 – 88 , 103 , 136 , 139 , 177 vir spectabilis , 40 , 172 Pope, 184

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