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Los Nemertinos De España Y Portugal LOS NEMERTINOS DE ESPAÑA Y PORTUGAL FACULTAD DE BIOLOGÍA, CIENCIAS AMBIENTALES Y QUÍMICA DEPARTAMENTO DE CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA Programa de Doctorado en Biología Evolutiva y Biodiversidad LOS NEMERTINOS DE ESPAÑA Y PORTUGAL Tesis Doctoral presentada por ALFONSO HERRERA BACHILLER Director Dr. Juan Junoy Alcalá de Henares, 2016 DEPARTAMENTO DE CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA Edificio de Ciencias. Campus Universitario 28805 Alcalá de Henares (Madrid) Tel.: 91 885 49927/4965 Fax: 91 8854929 / 5066 [email protected] El Dr. D. Juan Mª Junoy Pintos, Profesor Titular del Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida de la Universidad de Alcalá INFORMA Que D. Alfonso Herrera Bachiller, licenciado en Biología, ha realizado bajo su dirección y asesoramiento el presente trabajo titulado “LOS NEMER- TINOS DE ESPAÑA Y PORTUGAL”, que considera reúne las condiciones de calidad científica necesarias para optar al grado de Doctor por la Univer- sidad de Alcalá. De lo que informo en Alcalá de Henares, a de de 2016. UNIVERSIDAD DE ALCALÁ, PATRIMONIO DE LA HUMANIDAD DE LA ALCALÁ, PATRIMONIO UNIVERSIDAD DE Dr. Juan Junoy Pintos DEPARTAMENTO DE CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA Edificio de Ciencias. Campus Universitario 28805 Alcalá de Henares (Madrid) Tel.: 91 885 49927/4965 Fax: 91 8854929 / 5066 [email protected] D. Miguel Ángel Rodríguez Fernández, director en funciones del Depar- tamento de Ciencias de la Vida de la Universidad de Alcalá, Hace constar: Que el trabajo descrito en la presente memoria, titulado “ Los Nemer- tinos de España y Portugal”, ha sido realizado bajo la dirección de D. Juan Junoy Pintos en el Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida de la Universidad de Alcalá, dentro del Programa de Doctorado “Biología Evolutiva y Biodiversi- dad”, y reúne todos los requisitos necesarios para su aprobación como Tesis Doctoral. De lo que informo en Alcalá de Henares, a de de 2016. UNIVERSIDAD DE ALCALÁ, PATRIMONIO DE LA HUMANIDAD DE LA ALCALÁ, PATRIMONIO UNIVERSIDAD DE Dr. Miguel Ángel Rodríguez Fernández El trabajo presentado en esta Tesis se ha realizado en el Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida de la Universidad de Alcalá, bajo la dirección del Dr. Juan Mª Junoy Pintos. El autor ha disfrutado de un contrato de Personal de Investigación dentro del equipo del “EU-US Marine Biodiversity Research Group” del Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Estudios Norteameri- canos “Benjamin Franklin” de la Universidad de Alcalá (Instituto Franklin - UAH). Asimismo, el autor disfrutó de una beca de Zoologica Scripta, para el estudio de una nueva especie del filo Nemertea en el Sven Lovén Centre for Marine Sciences de Tjärnö (Suecia) en Octubre de 2002. “La felicidad de la abeja y la del delfín es existir. La del hombre es descubrir esto y maravillarse por ello” Jacques-Yves Cousteau (1910-1997) A Cristina y a mi familia AGRADECIMIENTOS AGRADECIMIENTOS Es de bien nacidos ser agradecidos, así que llega el momento de resarcir a mis compañeros de viaje, los nemertinos, por todos los perjuicios y moles- tias ocasionadas con un GRACIAS en mayúsculas. No puedo estarles más agradecido después de haber donado, sin querer, sus cuerpos a la ciencia. Ellos sabían que nunca les hice nada con saña. En primer lugar quiero ofrecer mi extrema gratitud a Juan Junoy, por ha- ber permanecido tantos años a mi lado, por introducirme en el conocimiento de este filo de animales y ser un verdadero amigo. Por las carcajadas compar- tidas, eres una bendición. Dentro de los maestros a destacar quiero que el primero en recibir un gracias sea José Manuel Viéitez, mi profesor favorito, que me tendió la mano y me empujó al mundo académico. Y no puedo dejar de acordarme de Pedro García Corrales por enseñarme las técnicas histológicas para el estudio de in- vertebrados. La sabiduría compartida por cada uno de ellos sólo permite ena- morarse de los habitantes del mar, qué suerte poder contar con los mejores. En los últimos años he formado parte de un grupo de investigación, el EU-US Marine Biodiversity Research Group, que con muy buen criterio ideó Enrique Alonso, alguien para el que sólo tengo palabras de agradecimiento por confiar en mí desde el primer momento en el que nos conocimos. En términos profesionales, sin excluir el cariño, me gustaría agradecer a todas aquellas personas que han compartido un buceo o una tarde de pipeteo a ras de bandeja en alguno de nuestros muestreos. Recuerdos a la familia ZOEA con Juan Pablo y la incansable e inolvidable Luz; Inés, Olivia, Álex y Maite, por las sonrisas en Mazarrón, en las islas Cíes y en Águilas. Miguel Souto y su barca nos ayudaron a llegar a la isla de Sálvora y en la isla de Ons, con Víctor y Carol pasamos unos días mágicos así como en los muestreos de las playas de Galicia. Siguiendo por tierras gallegas, Elsa Vázquez y Jesús Tron- coso permitieron que su laboratorio en la Universidad de Vigo se convirtiera en un auténtico Centro de Nemertinología Avanzada. En el Mediterráneo, Pep Amengual gestionó unas maravillosas campañas en Cabrera, donde compartí 1 LOS NEMERTINOS DE ESPAÑA Y PORTUGAL varios días con el propio Pep, José Antonio Esteban, Gonzalo Giribet, Paula Alonso, Leticia Tamayo, Laura Strickler, Beatriz Ramos y Ramón Miralles. El grandísimo Miguelón Candelas también estuvo en Cabrera, pero es en Ali- cante donde mejor nos lo pasamos. El amor por las profundidades de Óscar Ocaña nos guió junto a Manolo con la embarcación Tethys por Ceuta, paraíso submarino. Gerardo García-Castrillo me abrió por segunda vez las puertas de los laboratorios del Museo Marítimo del Cantábrico en Santander. Con Tito Ferrero, Candela Marco y Felio Lozano compartimos unos bonitos días en el CIMAR de Santa Pola y en Tabarca, gracias a la invitación de José Luis Sán- chez Lizaso. Con Rosa Vigara he compartido muchos lugares y muy buenos momentos, gracias por dejarme robarte a tu chico. Ha habido muchos investigadores y naturalistas que han compartido sus datos con nosotros. Ellos han sido verdaderos colaboradores de este trabajo y no podía dejar de agradecer aquí a todas estas personas. Fernando Ángel Fernández Álvarez “Fafa” ha contribuido con una cantidad de datos y foto- grafías muy considerable en el catálogo, así como Jacinto Pérez (Hydronau- ta) y Enric Madrenas (Vimar), buceadores entusiastas de la vida marina, nos han proporcionado valiosos datos sobre varias especies de nemertinos. Inma Frutos fue la autora de la primerísima versión del catálogo y es ella la que se lleva una mención especial por iniciar algo que ha sido tan bonito de conti- nuar. Otras personas que han aportado sus citas personales o fotografías han sido José Luis González González (Marevision), Juan Rueda Sevilla, Leopol- do Moro Abad, Gilberto Diosdado o Javier Roo, entre otros. Para conseguir que cada especie del catálogo tuviera su propia fotografía he recurrido a la ayuda de investigadores que han tenido a muy buen gusto cederme las suyas. Además de los ya mencionados, no debo olvidarme de Eduardo Mateos, Vi- shal Bhave, Jon Norenburg, Patrick Beckers, Peter Wirtz, David Fenwick y Fátima Hernández. Cuando me encontraba realizando la gran base de datos que acompaña a este trabajo tuve la suerte de contar con la ayuda de la profesora María Luisa de Lázaro y Torres de la Facultad de Geografía e Historia de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid para la realización del SIG. Para cebar con datos este sistema de información geográfica hubo mucha gente de las comunidades de Biodiversidad Virtual y Asturnatura que me dejaron sus coordenadas de localización de nemertinos. Sin su ayuda, el trabajo no habría quedado tan 2 AGRADECIMIENTOS completo. Otra gente que me ha ayudado de una manera altruista ha sido Julia Jones, corrigiendo la traducción de algunos textos al inglés, João Gil con- siguiéndome las imágenes de su propio ejemplar original de Langerhans (1880), Francesca Leasi, ayudándome con las datos de las últimas citas de Ototyphlonemertes y Javier Cristobo y Pilar Ríos, intentando que tuviera más datos de nemertinos asturianos. Hay dos personas que confiaron en mí internacionalmente dentro del mundo de los nemertinos: Per Sundberg y Malin Strand, con los que he po- dido trabajar en un par de publicaciones y siempre me han tendido una mano para poder colaborar juntos. Fue una suerte volver a encontrarme con mi compañera de estudios, Nu- ria Ortega, y colaborar en la lista Patrón de Especies Marinas presentes en España del Ministerio de Agricultura, Alimentación y Medio Ambiente del Gobierno de España. Además Nuria fue la jefa de Investigación en las cam- pañas oceanográficas dondeMicrura dellechiajei fue recogida. Quiero dar unas gracias especiales a toda la unidad docente de Zoología y Antropología Física del Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida de la Uni- versidad de Alcalá, por acogerme en su seno como si fuera uno más y por sonreírme por los pasillos, que es lo más importante; a todos os aprecio y admiro, lo sabéis. Me encantaría agradecer a la gente que ha estado a mi lado a lo largo de los años en la Universidad, así que voy a empezar por la gente que desfiló por el Departamento de Zoología en los tiempos que veían a un joven nemerti- nólogo disfrutando grandes momentos de la vida. Aída, Carol, Alber, Silvia, Chusa, Irene, Eva, Rafiña, Fátima, Gema, Maño, Carol Elche, Víctor y Vane, sois grandes. Hoy en día, un nemertinólogo más madurito también pasea por esos pasillos de la mano de Txomin, Kike, Ainara y Eva. Y ya que estamos entre paredes académicas quiero acordarme de la gente de la Universidad de Sussex en Inglaterra con la que he compartido buenos ratos estos últimos años. Y si hablamos de científicos profesionales quiero acordarme de Ana, Sergi y Davis, no por ser ya doctores, sino por seguir en la lucha, aunque sea fuera de nuestras fronteras, qué buenos y bonitos recuerdos guardo conmigo.
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