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General Disclaimer One Or More of the Following Statements May Affect General Disclaimer One or more of the Following Statements may affect this Document This document has been reproduced from the best copy furnished by the organizational source. It is being released in the interest of making available as much information as possible. This document may contain data, which exceeds the sheet parameters. It was furnished in this condition by the organizational source and is the best copy available. This document may contain tone-on-tone or color graphs, charts and/or pictures, which have been reproduced in black and white. This document is paginated as submitted by the original source. Portions of this document are not fully legible due to the historical nature of some of the material. However, it is the best reproduction available from the original submission. Produced by the NASA Center for Aerospace Information (CASI) r PB82-164492 FOCIS: A Forest Classification and Inventory System Using Landsat and Digital Terrain Data California Univ., Santa Barbara Prepared for National Aeronautics and Space Administration Houston, TX Dec 81 16 YAM TwiWaM 1/ - l' A mim MM • - _7. rnr REPORT OOCUMLK l i'J- ,,. , 1. L"10- T 140 '^ - ]. Reciplovirs Accession No. PAGE _ _ NFAP_255 ! P181 164492 •. Title and subtRh — — - s Report Date FOCIS: A Forest Classification and Inventory System December 1981 Using Landsat and Digital Terrain Data L - —^-- -^ — - 7. AutAorW R tir/ormlm Ownintlon Rapt. No. A. H. Strahler, J. Franklin, C. E. Woodcock, and T. L. Logan !. ft IM 14 9 Orpn@atlerr Name and Address ----- IL Frofaet/Tesk/W61,1k tlnR lee. Geography Remote Sensing Unit University of-California 11. Contract(C) or QrsnM N& Santa Barbara, CA 93106 ra NAS 9-15509 1L RtnwaarI O►pntratiee Noma and Address 11. Tppe of Report i pried Cevarsd National Aeronautics & Space Administration Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Final Report Houston, TX 77058 1L tlupplarnMrtary Nags M Abstract GJw tt: 200 - dN Accurate, cost-effective stratification of forest vegetation and timber inventory is the primary goal of a Forest Classification and Inventory System (FOCIS).developed at the Uni- versity of California, Santa Barbara, and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena. Conven- tional timber stratification using photointerpretation can be time-consuming, costly, and inconsistent from analyst to analyst. FOCIS was designed to overcome these problems by using machine processing techniques to extract and process toral, textural, and terrain in- formation from reg-;.tered Landsat multispectral and digital terrain data. FOCIS was developed in Northern California's Klamath National Forest, where the high relief and diverse ecological conditions provided an excellent area for testing new timber inven- tory techniques. Comparison of samples from timber strata identified by FOCIS witn strata t identified by conventional procedures showed that both have about the same potential to reduce the variance of timber volume estimates over simple random sampling. A timber volume inventory of the western portion of the Forest (about 940,000 acres) using FOCIS technology yielded a softwood timber volume estimate with a coefficient of variation of 6.3 percent; the corresponding coefficient for conventional procedures was unavailable at the time of preparation of this report. 17. Occumard AMysis a. Oaseriptors — Landsat Timber Inventory Digital Image Processing Natural Vegetation r• b. 1^ErAW ismssification MAT'Fwmio-up Forestry (Remote Sensing) IL AvalkrblUb Stagn": 1!. secsi ty Class (This Report) 21. No. of room Release Unlimited 2L ,"^^^eye) 2L ^4 Unclassified pea wnsws.aar Sea Inabuetlens on Reverse OFTKMAI FORM 272 (477) (Fort wry NT "5) Dapsrtn+ent of O.a»meree A PB92-164492 United States Department of Agriculture _ { Forest Service National Fon=t System A Forest Classification and arc, Inventory System Using Landsat State and FD'OStry 4 P""at° and Digital Terrain Data Nationwide Forestry Applications Program Report NFAP-255 Houston, Texas Deamber 1981 Ji a 3 Y z t. Raw* Nc. x. Gowmrnrnt Aoeassion No. ^1`Yi t>^ ^ 2 4. Title and Sul title PS. Report Dap f^ FOCIS: A Forest Classification and Inventory System December 1981 6. PerformingDrmni Using Landsat and Digital Terrain Data i 8. Performing Organization Report No. 7. Author(s) A.H. Strahler, J. Franklin, C.E. Woodcock, and T.L. 10. Work unit No. 9. Performing Organization Name and Address Geography Dente Sensing Unit 11. Convert or Grant No. University of California MS 9-15509 Santa Barbara, CA 93106 13. Type of Report and Period Cowered 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address Final Report National Aeronautics and Space Administratio n 14. Sponsoring Agency Code Lyndon B. Johnson S Center i4m.Qt-m Texas 15. Supplementary Nom 16. Abstract Accurate, cost-effective stratification of forest vegetation and tirber inven- tory is the primary goal of a Forest Classification and Inventory System (FOCIS) developed at the University of California, Santa Barbara, and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena. Conventional timber stratification using photointerpretation can be time-consuacdng, costly, and inconsistent from analyst to analyst. FOCIS was designed to overcome these problems by using machine processing tec iiques to extract and process tonal, textural, and terrain information from registered Landsat multispectral and digital terrain data. FOCIS was developed in Northern California's Klamath National Forest, where the high relief and diverse ecological conditions provided an excellent area for testing new tuber inventory techniques. Comparison of samples from timber strata identified by FOCIS with strata identified by conventional pro- cedures showed that botr have about the same potentiai Lo reduce the variance of timber volume estimates over simple random sampling. A tuber volume inventory of the western portion of the Forest (about 940,000 acres) using FOCIS technology yielded a softwood timber volume estimate with a coefficient of variation of 6.3 percent; the corresponding coefficient for conventional procedures was unavailable at the time of preparation of this report. 17. Key Words (Suggested by Authorls)) 18. Distribution Statement Landsat, tinter inventory, digital image processing, natural vegetation classification 22. tea• 19. Security asnif. (of this r.porl) xo. Security CWWf. (of this page) x,. N ^^ Pam Unclassified Unclassified 'For sale by the National TerhricN Information Service, Springfield. V i'ginia 22161 a FOCIS: A FOREST CLASSIFICATION AND INVENTORY SYSTEM USING LANDSAT AND DIGITAL TERRAIN DATA Final Report of NASA Contract NAS 9-15509 Alan A. Strahler, Principal Investigator A. A. Strahler, J. Franklin, and C. E. Woodcock Geography Remote Sensing Unit University of California Santa Barbara, CA, 93106 and T. L. Logan Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, CA, 91103 December 1981 of ABSTRACT Accurate, cost-effective, automatic stratification of forest vegetation and timber inventory is the primary goal of a Forest Classification and Inventory System (FOCIS) developed at the University of California at Santa Barbara and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory of the California Institute of Tech- nology at Pasadena. Conventional timber stratification using photointerpretation can be time consuming, costly, and inconsistent from analyst to analyst. FOCIS was designed to overcome these problems by using machine processing tech- niques to extract and process tonal, textural, and terrain information from registered Landsat multispectral and digi- tal terrain data. The FOCIS stratification process: 1. segments a forest into natural regions with similar ecological properties; 2. derives a standard deviation texture channel synthetically from Landsat MSS Band 5; 3. performs an unsupervised clustering of Landsat multispectral and texture data followed by parallelep iped-maximum 'likelihood classification; 4. pool; and spectrally edits classes under analyst supervision; 5. spatially edits classes with analyst supervi- sion; 6. derives slope and aspect information from digital terrain data and registers it to Landsat data; 7. models regional forest ty pes spatially using digital terrain and field reconnaissance data; 8. compensates for the effects of differential illumination (shadowing); 9. uses cluster plot sample data obtained in the field for timber volume calculation; and 10. generates Universal Transverse Mercator, 15- minute quadrangle, stratification maps; accompany- ing synthetic stereograms; and classification statistics. FOCIS was developed in Northern California's Klamath National Forest, where the high relief and diverse ecologi- cal conditions provided an excellent area for testing new timber inventory techniques. Comparison of samples from v i timber strata identified by FOCIS with strata identified by conventional procedures showed that both have about the same potential to reduce the variance of timber volume estimates over simple random sampling. A timber volume inventory of the western portion of the Forest (about 940,000 acres) using FOCIS technology yielded a softwood timber volume estimate with a coefficient of variation of 6.3 percent; the corresponding coefficient for conventional procedures was unavailable at the time of preparation of this report. This research was supported by NASA contract NAS-9-15509, USFS- UCSB joint agreement 37, USFS contract 53-9158-0-6362, and the California Institute of Technology's President Fund Award, PF-123, under NASA contract NAS-7-100. This document constitutes the final report of NASA contract NAS-9-15509. vi
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