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Bulldog High School Academic Tournament 2018 (XXVII): After Bulldog High School Academic Tournament 2018 (XXVII): After such knowledge, what forgiveness? Written by Yale Student Academic Competitions (Stephen Eltinge, Adam Fine, Isaac Kirk-Davidoff, Hasna Karim, Michael Kearney, Moses Kitakule, Jacob Reed, James Wedgwood, Sid White, and Bo You), Clare Keenan, and Eddie Kim Edited by Jacob Reed, with Stephen Eltinge and Eddie Kim Packet 13 Tossups 1. In this religion, the “living substance” is contrasted with the substances of motion, rest, atoms, space, and ​ sometimes time. In this faith, the story of the blind men and the elephant is used to illustrate a concept of “non-one-sidedness.” This faith is represented by a logo including a crescent moon above three dots, all above a hand with a wheel on the palm. Members of this religion try to achieve correct knowledge, faith, and conduct. One of its sects believes that women can’t attain moksha and that monks should be (*) nude. Its ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ monks use a broom to avoid killing insects. 24 tirthankaras, including Mahavira, founded—for 10 points—what ​ ​ ​ ​ Indian religion based on nonviolence, or ahimsa? ​ ​ ANSWER: Jainism <JR> ​ ​ 2. This statement’s inventor was inspired by Benjamin Thompson, Count Rumford’s cannon-boring ​ experiments, which led to the idea of the mechanical equivalent of heat. Max Born’s version of this statement uses the work done by an adiabatic process as a reference. Symbolically, this law adds up two inexact differentials to obtain the change in a state function. For a Born–Haber cycle, (*) Hess’s law states this more ​ general law in terms of enthalpy. In its basic form, this law states that any change in internal energy equals work done on a system plus heat. For 10 points, name this law of thermodynamics holding that the total energy of a system is conserved. ANSWER: first law of thermodynamics [prompt on conservation of energy; prompt on first law until “law of ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ thermodynamics”; accept first law after “law of thermodynamics”] <SE> ​ ​ 3. Two answers required. These countries allied against a nearby Catholic country under the command of ​ ​ ​ Jacob De la Gardie. The king of one of these countries fled to the Ottomans, who beat back an attack by the other one of these countries in the Pruth River Campaign. One of these countries fought the other in alliance with Frederick IV and (*) Augustus the Strong. One of these countries controlled the states of Ingria, Livonia, and ​ Estonia until the other invaded in 1700. The defeat of one of these countries at Poltava allowed the other to build the Baltic port of Saint Petersburg. For 10 points, what two countries fought the Great Northern War under Charles XII and Peter the Great? ANSWER: Russian Empire AND Kingdom of Sweden [both answers required; accept Rossiya and Sverige] <MK> ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 4. This singer collaborated with Arthur Herzog, Jr. on songs like “Don’t Explain.” This singer wrote a song ​ beginning “Them that’s got shall get / Them that’s not shall lose / So the Bible says and it still is news.” This frequent collaborator with Lester Young made the first commercially successful recording of “Summertime.” She adopted parts of her signature raspy sound from (*) Bessie Smith. This singer made famous a song that ​ describes “Blood on the leaves and blood at the root” from the title “Black bodies swinging in the Southern breeze.” For 10 points, name this writer of “God Bless the Child” and popularizer of the protest song “Strange Fruit,” a jazz singer nicknamed “Lady.” ANSWER: Billie Holiday [or Eleanora Fagan; prompt on Lady Day until it’s mentioned] <JR> ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 5. A fictional orphan in this city leaves in an elephant statue by a former prison. In this city, a father puts out ​ the fire and asks Azelma to cut her hand punching a window to make his family look poor. An animal in this city learns to spell out the name of its owner’s love interest, a captain. This city’s Pope of Fools is crowned while a (*) gypsy plays with her goat Djali. An innocent woman is taken into this city’s cathedral after almost being ​ hanged for the stabbing of Phoebus. Gavroche and Marius fight at this city’s barricades, before the protagonist is hunted through its sewers by Inspector Javert. For 10 points, name this setting of Les Misérables and The ​ ​ ​ Hunchback of Notre Dame. ​ ANSWER: Paris <MK> ​ ​ 6. A philosopher from this country analyzed existence in terms of “creativity” in Process and Reality. Another ​ ​ ​ man from this country objected to analyzing the good in terms of natural qualities in a 1903 book. A philosopher from this country introduced the term “consequentialism” in her article “Modern Moral Philosophy.” A man from this country analyzed “definite descriptions” like “the (*) present King of France is ​ not bald” and developed the theory of types. G.E.M. Anscombe and G.E. Moore were philosophers from this country, home to a philosopher who wrote “On Denoting” and co-wrote Principia Mathematica. For 10 points, ​ ​ name this home country of Bertrand Russell. ANSWER: England [accept United Kingdom, U.K., or Great Britain] <AF> ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 7. The “restriction point” determines whether a cell will enter a dormant phase denoted by this letter. The ​ phosphatidylinositol and cAMP pathways are the two main transduction pathways involving receptors that bind to proteins denoted by this letter. The cellular phase denoted by this letter ends when sufficient levels of maturation-promoting factor are detected. A class of cell-surface transmembrane receptors are (*) “coupled” to proteins denoted by this letter. This letter denotes the phases of mitosis before and after S phase, as well as a purine that’s the heaviest nucleotide base. For 10 points, name this letter that denotes the base that pairs with cytosine. ANSWER: G [accept G-protein-coupled receptors or G phase or guanine] <AF> ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 8. In 2016, this state’s governor warned of drug dealers named D-Money, Smoothie, and Shifty selling heroin ​ in his state. The end of the January 2018 government shutdown was negotiated in the office of a senator from this state. In July 2017, a “skinny repeal” of Obamacare was sunk by John McCain, Lisa Murkowski, and a Republican senator from this state. In the 2016 presidential election, this state split (*) its electoral votes for the ​ first time. Other than Vermont, this is the only state to be represented by an independent in the Senate, Angus King, who serves alongside senior Senator Susan Collins. Paul LePage governs—for 10 points—which northeastern state with capital Augusta? ANSWER: Maine <SCW> ​ ​ 9. In a novel titled for one of these places, the French Revolution is blamed on the Jews by the grandfather of ​ Simone Simonini, who forges the Protocols of the Elders of Zion. A poem set in one of these places notes that “Melancholy mark'd…for her own” a “youth to Fortune and to Fame unknown.” Tom Sawyer watches Dr. Robinson get killed by (*) Injun Joe in this place. This place is imagined to be home to a “mute inglorious Milton” ​ and “some Cromwell guiltless of his country’s blood” in a poem that’s the source of the titles Paths of Glory and ​ ​ Far from the Madding Crowd. Thomas Gray wrote an elegy in—for 10 points—what place where the “forefathers of ​ the hamlet sleep?” ANSWER: graveyard [accept cemetery, churchyard or other clear equivalents; accept The Prague Cemetery or ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard”] <MK> ​ ​ 10. These structures are often built in front of traditional Chinese palaces and tombs, where they are called ​ huabiao or bangmu. These structures can include spiral ornaments called volutes. A slight bulge in these ​ ​ ​ structures is called entasis. They can be replaced by sculptures of women called (*) caryatids. These things are ​ topped by epistyles or architraves, which are part of the entablature. They can be topped with plain, scroll-like, or flower-like ornaments, and are often decorated with grooves called fluting. Vitruvius described three styles of these things that identify the Classical Orders. Capitals in Ionic, Doric, or Corinthian style sit on top of—for 10 points—what vertical supports? ANSWER: columns [accept pillars; if they answer with capitals, prompt by asking “What structures are they part ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ of?”] <JR> 11. The branching complexity of these systems was the first application of the Strahler number. These ​ systems sort particles horizontally by size, transporting the largest particles by traction and slightly smaller particles via saltation. Switching between these systems occurs in avulsions. (*) Rills and knickpoints form from ​ erosion caused by these systems. The area between these bodies and their surroundings is known a riparian zone. When the meanders of these bodies are cut off, oxbow lakes are formed, and these entities deposit sediment at their deltas. For 10 points, name these flowing bodies of freshwater that flow into lakes and oceans. ANSWER: rivers [accept streams, creeks, or similar answers] <AF> ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 12. This man earned a promotion after refusing a “bad order” at the Battle of Chapultepec. Nathan Kimball ​ inflicted a rare defeat upon this man at Kernstown. The late arrival of his troops almost lost the Seven Days Battles. This man often led troops alongside James Longstreet. Barnard Bee pointed at this man’s troops on a hill during first (*) Bull Run. Two years before Philip Sheridan, he conducted a major campaign in the Shenandoah ​ Valley. He was fatally wounded in the left arm by friendly fire at Chancellorsville, causing Robert
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