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AP Psych - Famous People - ULTIMATE LIST Study online at quizlet.com/_p00mn 1. History and Wilhelm Wundt, William James, Mary Whiton 9. John B. - (1878-1958) He was an American psychologist Approaches Calkins, Margaret Floy Washburn, G. Stanley Watson who departed from Wundt and the early - People Hall, Max Wertheimer, Sigmund Freud, John B. psychologists by emphasizing the scientific study Watson, Ivan Pavlov, B.F. Skinner, Abraham of observable behaviors rather than the study of Maslow, Carl Rogers, Charles Rogers, Jean subjective mental processes. He is now Piaget remembered as one of the founders of behaviorism. 2. Wilhelm - german physiologist who founded psychology Wundt as a formal science; opened first psychology 10. Ivan - 1891-1951; Field: Gastroenterology; research laboratory in 1879, "Father" of Pavlov Contributions: developed foundation for classical Psychology, Considered the Father of modern conditioning, discovered that a UCS naturally psychology; study of mental processes, elicits a reflexive behavior; Studies: dog salivation introspection, and self-exam; established the 11. B.F. - 1904-1990; Field: behavioral; Contributions: first psychology laboratory in Germany Skinner created techniques to manipulate the 3. William - 1842-1910 American philosopher and consequences of an organism's behavior in order James psychologist who founded psychology in the to observe the effects of subsequent behavior; United states and established the psychological Studies: Skinner box school called functionalism 12. Abraham - 1908-1970; Field: humanism; Contributions: - 1st American Psychologist Maslow hierarchy of needs-needs at a lower level - Viewed the mind as a stream which cannot be dominate an individual's motivation as long as meaningfully broken down into distinct they are unsatisfied, self-actualization, component transcendence 4. Mary - American psychologist who conducted - (American, 1908-1970) principally known for Whiton research on memory, personality, and dreams; two works, Motivation and Personality and Calkins first woman president of the American Toward a Psychology of Being, that introduced his Psychological Association theory of the "hierarchy of needs" (food, shelter, love, esteem, etc.) and its pinnacle, the need for 5. Margaret - American psychologist who studied animal "self-actualization." Self-actualized people are Floy behavior; first woman to receive a Ph.D. in those who understand their individual needs and Washburn psychology abilities and who have families, friends, and 6. G. Stanley - 1844-1924 American psychologist who colleagues that support them and allow them to Hall established the first psychology research accomplish things on which they place value. The laboratory in the United States; founded and lowest unmet need on the hierarchy tends to first president of the American Psychological dominate conscious thought. Association. 13. Carl - 1902-1987; Field: humanistic; Contributions: 7. Max - A Gestalt psychologist who argued against Rogers founded person-centered therapy, theory that Wertheimer dividing human thought and behavior into emphasizes the unique quality of humans discrete structures especially their freedom and potential for personal - Discovered apparent motion / Phi phenomena growth, unconditional positive regard, fully - One of three founders of Gestalt Psychology; functioning person the whole is greater than the sum of its parts - Developed "client-centered" therapy 8. Sigmund - 1856-1939; Field: psychoanalytic, personality; 14. Charles - Evolution by "natural selection" (the weaker die Freud Contributions: id/ego/superego, reality and Darwin out) wrote On the Origin of Species pleasure principles, ego ideal, defense 15. Jean - 1896-1980; Field: cognition; Contributions: mechanisms (expanded by Anna Freud), Piaget created a 4-stage theory of cognitive development, psychoanalysis, transference, said that two basic processes work in tandem to - Austrian neurologist who originated achieve cognitive growth (assimilation and psychoanalysis (1856-1939); Said that human accommodation) behavior is irrational; behavior is the outcome - assimilation - of conflict between the id (irrational - accommodation - unconscious driven by sexual, aggressive, and pleasure-seeking desires) and ego (rationalizing 16. Biological - Roger Sperry, Michael Gazzaniga, Paul Broca, conscious, what one can do) and superego Bases of Carl Wernicke, Thomas Bouchard (ingrained moral values, what one should do). Behavior - People 17. Roger - American psychologist who received the Nobel 25. Ernst Weber -1795-1878; Field: perception; Studies: 1st Sperry Prize in 1981 for his pioneering research on study on JND, He pioneered the first study brain specialization in split-brain patients in JND (just noticeable difference). It - Finds that when the brain was divided each became Weber's law; the JND between hemisphere continued to have individual and stimuli is a constant fraction of the intensity private experiences, sensations, thoughts, and of the standard stimulus. E.g. the bigger or emotions more intense the standard stimulus, the larger the increment needed to get a 18. Michael - 1939-present; Field: cognition (neuroscience); noticeable difference. (Holding books Gazzaniga Studied of the neural basis of mind with primary stacked on your hand). responsibility for initiating human split-brain research. In his subsequent work he has made 26. Gustav -, 1801-1887; Field: perception; important advances in our understanding of Fechner Contributions: stated that the magnitude of functional lateralization in the brain and how a sensory experience is proportionate to the the cerebral hemispheres communicate with one # of JND's that the stimulus causing the another experiences above the absolute threshold, Founded psychophysics, Demonstrated that 19. Paul Broca - Broca's area, language production in the left mental processes can be measured, frontal lobe - Absolute threshold. Smallest intensity of a - (1824- 1880) Found that injury to a particular stimulus that has to be present for the part of the left frontal lobe (now known as stimulus to be detected. For example, you Broca's area) resulted in a kind of asphasia in waiting for a burner to heat up by placing which the person is unable to produce many your hand on the burner. Then you remove words or to speak very fluently (p. 43) your hand when it is just hot enough for you 20. Carle -, Expanded upon Broca's findings by to detect the heat. Wernicke discovering that damage to the left, posterior, 27. Eleanor -,1910-2002; Field: perception; Gibson was superior temporal gyrus also caused language Gibson an American psychologist. Among her deficits (now known as Wernicke's area) contributions to psychology, the most - Discovered that patients who had damage to important are the study of perception in this region produced speech that was fluent but infants and toddlers. She is popularly meaningless and had disrupted language known for the Visual Cliff; experiment in comprehension. which precocial animals, and crawling 21. Thomas -, conducted study on identical twins that found human infants, showed their ability to Bouchard a correlation of 0.69 on IQ, criticized because perceive depth by avoiding the deep side of a their similar appearances may have led to their virtual cliff. Along with her husband J. J. being treated similarly, Gibson, she forwarded the concept that - Minnesota twin study 1979 (biology) twins that perceptual learning takes place by were reared apart had similarities so this must be differentiation. attributed to their genes 28. States of - William James, Sigmund Freud, Ernest 22. Sensation - David Hubel, Torsten Wiesel, Ernst Weber, Consciousness Hilgard and Gustav Fechner, Eleanor Gibson - People Perception 29. Ernest Hilgard - Studies showing that a hypnotic trance - People includes a "hidden observer" suggesting that 23. David - along with Torsten Wiesel discovered feature there is some subconscious control during Hubel detectors, groups of neurons in the visual cortex hypnosis that respond to different types of visual stimuli 30. Learning - - Ivan Pavlov, John Watson, Rosalie (sensation and perception) People Rayner, John Garcia, Robert Koelling, 24. Torsten - Along with David Hubel discovered feature Edward Thorndike, B.F. Skinner, Robert Wiesel detector groups of neurons in the visual cortex Rescorla, Albert Bandura, Edward Tolman, that respond to different types of visual images Wolfgang Kohler 31. John Watson -, behaviorism; emphasis on external behaviors of people and their reactions on a given situation; famous for Little Albert study in which baby was taught to fear a white rat 32. Rosalie - graduate student of Watson and co-researcher 40. Cognition - - George Sperling, George Miller, Alexandra Rayner for the famous Little Albert demonstration of People Luria, Hermann Ebbinghaus, Noam Chomsky, classically conditioned emotion Benjamin Whorf, Wolfgang Kohler 33. John - Researched taste aversion. Showed that when 41. George - demonstrated sensory memory by flashing a Garcia rats ate a novel substance before being nauseated Sperling grid of 9 letters for 1/20th of a secon by a drug or radiation, they developed a - tested recall time by flashing rows of numbers conditioned taste aversion for the substance. and saw if participants could immediately recall the numbers 34. Robert - Ran experiments with John Garcia on Taste Koelling Aversion in species using rates, loud sounds, and 42. George - Former president of the American bad tasting water. Miller
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