Positive Emotion Dispositions Differentially Associated with Big Five Personality and Attachment Style
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Personality and Social Psychology: Towards a Synthesis
Universität Potsdam Barbara Krahe´ Personality and social psychology: towards a synthesis first published in: Personality and social psychology : towards a synthesis / Barbara Krahe.´ - London [u.a.] : Sage, 1992. - VIII, 278 S., ISBN 0-8039-8724-2 Postprint published at the Institutional Repository of the Potsdam University: In: Postprints der Universitat¨ Potsdam Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe ; 121 http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2009/3830/ http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-38306 Postprints der Universitat¨ Potsdam Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe ; 121 Personality and Social Psychology Personality and Social Psychology Towards a Synthesis Barbara Krahe SAGE Publications London • Newbury Park • New Delhi © Barbara Krahe 1992 First published 1992 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission in writing from the Publishers. SAGE Publications Ltd 6 Bonhill Street London EC2A 4PU SAGE Publications Inc 2455 Teller Road Newbury Park, California 91320 SAGE Publications India Pvt Ltd 32, M-Block Market Greater Kailash - I New Delhi 110 048 British Library Cataloguing in Publication data Krahe, Barbara Personality and Social Psychology: Towards a Synthesis I. Title 302 ISBN 0 8039 8724 2 ISBN 0 8039 8725 0 pbk Library of Congress catalog card number 92-53776 Typeset by Photoprint, Torquay, Devon Printed in Great Britain by Biddies Ltd, Guildford, Surrey -
Decoding Emotions from Nonverbal Vocalizations: How Much Voice Signal Is Enough?
Motivation and Emotion https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-019-09783-9 ORIGINAL PAPER Decoding emotions from nonverbal vocalizations: How much voice signal is enough? Paula Castiajo1 · Ana P. Pinheiro1,2 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2019 Abstract How much acoustic signal is enough for an accurate recognition of nonverbal emotional vocalizations? Using a gating paradigm (7 gates from 100 to 700 ms), the current study probed the efect of stimulus duration on recognition accuracy of emotional vocalizations expressing anger, disgust, fear, amusement, sadness and neutral states. Participants (n = 52) judged the emotional meaning of vocalizations presented at each gate. Increased recognition accuracy was observed from gates 2 to 3 for all types of vocalizations. Neutral vocalizations were identifed with the shortest amount of acoustic information relative to all other types of vocalizations. A shorter acoustic signal was required to decode amusement compared to fear, anger and sadness, whereas anger and fear required equivalent amounts of acoustic information to be accurately recognized. These fndings confrm that the time course of successful recognition of discrete vocal emotions varies by emotion type. Compared to prior studies, they additionally indicate that the type of auditory signal (speech prosody vs. nonverbal vocaliza- tions) determines how quickly listeners recognize emotions from a speaker’s voice. Keywords Nonverbal vocalizations · Emotion · Duration · Gate · Recognition Introduction F0, intensity) serving the expression of emotional mean- ing. Nonetheless, compared to speech prosody, nonverbal The voice is likely the most important sound category in a vocalizations are considered to represent more primitive social environment. It carries not only verbal information, expressions of emotions and an auditory analogue of facial but also socially relevant cues about the speaker, such as his/ emotions (Belin et al. -
Interim Guidance for Amusement and Water Parks During the Covid-19 Public Health Emergency
INTERIM GUIDANCE FOR AMUSEMENT AND WATER PARKS DURING THE COVID-19 PUBLIC HEALTH EMERGENCY When you have read this document, you can affirm at the bottom. As of April 9, 2021 Purpose This Interim Guidance for Amusement and Water Parks during the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency (“Interim COVID-19 Guidance for Amusement and Water Parks”) was created to provide owners/operators of amusement parks, theme parks, and/or water parks and their employees, contractors, vendors, and patrons with precautions to help protect against the spread of COVID-19. This guidance applies to all outdoor activities at amusement parks, theme parks, and/or water parks, including any rides, games, or other attractions, such as redemption games of skill and chance, obstacle or recreational courses, outdoor trampolines, outdoor merry-go-rounds or carousels, outdoor train rides, outdoor roller coasters, and/or outdoor bumper cars. Outdoor amusement activities or attractions where appropriate social distancing and cleaning and disinfection standards provided in this document cannot be achieved (e.g., ball pits) must remain closed. Amusement parks, theme parks, and water parks may reopen beginning Friday, April 9, 2021, in accordance with this guidance. Responsible Parties – as defined below – must submit a reopening plan to the respective county health department or local public health authority, within two weeks of reopening, including specific health protocols in place to meet the requirements set forth in this guidance. Temporary, travel outdoor amusement activities (e.g., carnivals) may reopen in accordance with this guidance; provided, however, that the Responsible Parties must submit a reopening plan to the respective county health department or local public health authority at least 14 days prior to reopening, including specific health protocols in place to meet the requirements set forth in this guidance (e.g., health screening, social distancing, face coverings, controlled movement, hand hygiene, cleaning and disinfection, and communication). -
Sabotaging the Self
eriment xp al E P d s n y c Thomson, Clin Exp Psychol 2017, 3:4 a h l o a Clinical and Experimental l c o i g DOI: 10.4172/2471-2701.1000175 n i y l C ISSN: 2471-2701 Psychology Research Article Article OpenOpen Access Access Sabotaging The Self - A Trait? and It’s Relationship with Neuroticism Wendy Thomson* Department of Applied Psychology, University of Portsmouth, King Henry Building, Portsmouth, England, UK Abstract Introduction: The present study examines the extent to which self-defeating ideation, measured through the use of the Self-Defeating Quotient discrepancy scores, and behaviour reflect a single unitary trait of self-defeatedness, and the extent to which levels of this underlying trait are related to Neuroticism. Results: The results of a Structural Equation Model provide support for a single-factor model of Self-defeatedness using the Self-Defeating Quotient (S. D. Q.). Additionally, the one factor model of the relationship between self- defeating ideation and neuroticism indicated a significant path between SDQ Discrepancy scores and Neuroticism. Conclusion: The results indicate a significant relationship between the Self-Defeating Quotient and neuroticism. Combining information from multiple measures into a composite trait measure, and using SEM to take measurement error into consideration, may provide a more accurate estimate of the strength of this relationship. These results provide support for the view that self-defeating ideation is a unitary trait and a possible contender for joining the big five as number six. Keywords: Trait; Personality; Self-defeating ideation; Self-defeating Defeating Quotient. Initial studies suggest that self-defeatedness is a behaviour; Structural equation modeling; Neuroticism; Self-defeating trait, in the sense of being a stable and pervasive feature of personality quotient [6]. -
Guilt, Shame, and Grief: an Empirical Study of Perinatal Bereavement
Guilt, Shame, and Grief: An Empirical Study of Perinatal Bereavement by Peter Barr 'Death in the sickroom', Edvard Munch 1893 A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Centre for Behavioural Sciences Faculty of Medicine University of Sydney November, 2003 Preface All of the work described in this thesis was carried out personally by the author under the auspices of the Centre for Behavioural Sciences, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney. None of the work has been submitted previously for the purpose of obtaining any other degree. Peter Barr OAM, MB BS, FRACP ii The investigator cannot truthfully maintain his relationship with reality—a relationship without which all his work becomes a well-regulated game—if he does not again and again, whenever it is necessary, gaze beyond the limits into a sphere which is not his sphere of work, yet which he must contemplate with all his power of research in order to do justice to his own task. Buber, M. (1957). Guilt and guilt feelings. Psychiatry, 20, p. 114. iii Acknowledgements I am thankful to the Department of Obstetrics and Department of Neonatology of the following hospitals for giving me permission to approach parents bereaved by stillbirth or neonatal death: Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Royal Hospital for Women, Royal North Shore Hospital and Westmead Hospital. I am most grateful to Associate Professor Susan Hayes and Dr Douglas Farnill for their insightful supervision and unstinting encouragement and support. Dr Andrew Martin and Dr Julie Pallant gave me sensible statistical advice. -
Empathic Concern Is Part of a More General Communal Emotion
1 Empathic Concern is Part of A More General Communal Emotion Janis H. Zickfeld1*, Thomas W. Schubert12, Beate Seibt12, Alan P. Fiske3 1Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. 2Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Lisboa, Portugal. 3Department of Anthropology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. In press at Frontiers. This paper is not the copy of record and may not exactly replicate the authoritative document published in Frontiers. *Correspondence: Janis H. Zickfeld [email protected] 2 Abstract Seeing someone in need may evoke a particular kind of closeness that has been conceptualized as sympathy or empathic concern (which is distinct from other empathy constructs). In other contexts, when people suddenly feel close to others, or observe others suddenly feeling closer to each other, this sudden closeness tends to evoke an emotion often labeled in vernacular English as being moved, touched, or heart-warming feelings. Recent theory and empirical work indicates that this is a distinct emotion; the construct is named kama muta. Is empathic concern for people in need simply an expression of the much broader tendency to respond with kama muta to all kinds of situations that afford closeness, such as reunions, kindness, and expressions of love? Across 16 studies sampling 2918 participants, we explored whether empathic concern is associated with kama muta. Meta-analyzing the association between ratings of state being moved and trait empathic concern revealed an effect size of, r(3631) = .35 [95% CI: .29, .41]. In addition, trait empathic concern was also associated with self-reports of the three sensations that have been shown to be reliably indicative of kama muta: weeping, chills, and bodily feelings of warmth. -
1 Utility and Happiness Miles Kimball and Robert Willis1 University of Michigan October 30, 2006 Abstract: Psychologists Have D
Utility and Happiness Miles Kimball and Robert Willis1 University of Michigan October 30, 2006 Abstract: Psychologists have developed effective survey methods of measuring how happy people feel at a given time. The relationship between how happy a person feels and utility is an unresolved question. Existing work in Economics either ignores happiness data or assumes that felt happiness is more or less the same thing as flow utility. The approach we propose in this paper steers a middle course between the two polar views that “happiness is irrelevant to Economics” and the view that “happiness is a sufficient statistic for utility.” We argue that felt happiness is not the same thing as flow utility, but that it does have a systematic relationship to utility. In particular, we propose that happiness is the sum of two components: (1) elation--or short-run happiness--which depends on recent news about lifetime utility and (2) baseline mood--or long-run happiness--which is a subutility function much like health, entertainment, or nutrition. In principle, all of the usual techniques of price theory apply to baseline mood, but the application of those techniques is complicated by the fact that many people may not know the true household production function for baseline mood. If this theory is on target, there are two reasons data on felt happiness is important for Economics. First, short-run happiness in response to news can give important information about preferences. Second, long-run happiness is important for economic welfare in the same way as other higher-order goods such as health, entertainment, or nutrition. -
How Should Neuroscience Study Emotions? by Distinguishing Emotion States, Concepts, and Experiences Ralph Adolphs
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Caltech Authors - Main Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 2017, 24–31 doi: 10.1093/scan/nsw153 Advance Access Publication Date: 19 October 2016 Original article How should neuroscience study emotions? by distinguishing emotion states, concepts, and experiences Ralph Adolphs Division of Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, HSS 228-77, Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract In this debate with Lisa Feldman Barrett, I defend a view of emotions as biological functional states. Affective neuroscience studies emotions in this sense, but it also studies the conscious experience of emotion (‘feelings’), our ability to attribute emotions to others and to animals (‘attribution’, ‘anthropomorphizing’), our ability to think and talk about emotion (‘concepts of emotion’, ‘semantic knowledge of emotion’) and the behaviors caused by an emotion (‘expression of emotions’, ‘emotional reactions’). I think that the most pressing challenge facing affective neuroscience is the need to carefully distinguish between these distinct aspects of ‘emotion’. I view emotion states as evolved functional states that regulate complex behavior, in both people and animals, in response to challenges that instantiate recurrent environmental themes. These functional states, in turn, can also cause conscious experiences (feelings), and their effects and our memories for those effects also contribute to our semantic -
Emotion and Public Attention to Political Issues
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Political Science Department -- Theses, Dissertations, and Student Scholarship Political Science, Department of 4-2013 Emotion and Public Attention to Political Issues Michael W. Gruszczynski University of Nebraska-Lincoln Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/poliscitheses Part of the American Politics Commons Gruszczynski, Michael W., "Emotion and Public Attention to Political Issues" (2013). Political Science Department -- Theses, Dissertations, and Student Scholarship. 24. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/poliscitheses/24 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Political Science, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Political Science Department -- Theses, Dissertations, and Student Scholarship by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. EMOTION AND PUBLIC ATTENTION TO POLITICAL ISSUES By Michael W. Gruszczynski A DISSERTATION Presented to the Faculty of The Graduate College at the University of Nebraska In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Major: Political Science Under the Supervision of Professor John R. Hibbing Lincoln, Nebraska April, 2013 EMOTION AND PUBLIC ATTENTION TO POLITICAL ISSUES Michael W. Gruszczynski, Ph.D. University of Nebraska, 2013 Adviser: John R. Hibbing Which mechanisms underlie the orientation of public attention to political issues? Though research on media agenda-setting has been one of the most successful enterprises in political communication and behavior, little is known of the actual processes that drive this phenomenon. I hypothesize that inherent in all environmental stimuli is emotional information, and that it is this information that drives the linkages between media and public agendas. -
Resilience, Character Strengths and Flourishing: a Positive Education Workshop for Singapore Teachers
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Master of Applied Positive Psychology (MAPP) Master of Applied Positive Psychology (MAPP) Capstone Projects Capstones 8-1-2011 Resilience, Character Strengths and Flourishing: A Positive Education Workshop for Singapore Teachers Sha-En Yeo [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/mapp_capstone Part of the Junior High, Intermediate, Middle School Education and Teaching Commons, Other Psychology Commons, and the Secondary Education and Teaching Commons Yeo, Sha-En, "Resilience, Character Strengths and Flourishing: A Positive Education Workshop for Singapore Teachers" (2011). Master of Applied Positive Psychology (MAPP) Capstone Projects. 25. https://repository.upenn.edu/mapp_capstone/25 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/mapp_capstone/25 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Resilience, Character Strengths and Flourishing: A Positive Education Workshop for Singapore Teachers Abstract Positive education, or teaching the skills of well-being through direct instruction and the curriculum, aims to teach children the skills to build resilience, capitalize on strengths and systematically build the pillars for a flourishing life. Positive education can succeed amidst a supportive school environment and well- equipped teachers that inculcate the right values and character. Given that school-going children spend more than fifty percent of their time in school, it is thus imperative that teachers be trained with the skills of well-being. This paper provides an introduction to positive psychology (the foundation for positive education), describes the need for positive education in Singapore schools and proposes a workshop to equip secondary/high-school teachers with the skills and knowledge of resilience, character strengths and a flourishing life – the elements of which are summarized as PERMA (positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning & achievement) (Seligman, 2011). -
1 the RATIONALITY of EMOTIONAL CHANGE: TOWARD a PROCESS VIEW1 Oded Na'aman the Hebrew University of Jerusalem This Is The
THE RATIONALITY OF EMOTIONAL CHANGE: TOWARD A PROCESS VIEW1 Oded Na’aman The Hebrew University of Jerusalem This is the penultimate draft of an article that is forthcoming in Noûs. Please cite published version. Abstract The paper argues against a widely held synchronic view of emotional rationality. I begin by considering recent philosophical literature on various backward-looking emotions, such as regret, grief, resentment, and anger. I articulate the general problem these accounts grapple with: a certain diminution in backward-looking emotions seems fitting while the reasons for these emotions seem to persist. The problem, I argue, rests on the assumption that if the facts that give reason for an emotion remain unchanged, the emotion remains fitting. However, I argue there are rationally self-consuming attitudes: affective attitudes that become less fitting the longer they endure while the facts that give reason for them persist. A widely held synchronic view of fitting affective attitudes denies that fittingness at a time depends on the agent’s attitudes at different times and therefore denies that the fittingness of an affective attitude can depend on its duration. Once we reject the synchronic view, we may see that affective attitudes are often fitting due to the fitting processes of which they are part. These fitting processes explain the fitting diminution of backward-looking emotions as well as other diachronic aspects of the fittingness of emotions. Like actions and choices, attitudes are subject to normative standards. From belief and desire to envy, admiration, grief, amusement, and lust—we evaluate, criticize, disown, and endorse attitudes. Though such attitudes are not voluntary, they are rational in the sense that they can succeed or fail to meet the normative standards we apply to them.2 Furthermore, it is thought that the rationality of these attitudes is related to the fact that they are about an object or directed toward it. -
The Religious Shaping of Feeling: Implications of Affect Valuation Theory
Santa Clara University Scholar Commons Psychology College of Arts & Sciences 12-19-2014 The elir gious shaping of feeling: Implications of Affect Valuation Theory Jeanne L. Tsai Birgit Koopmann-Holm Santa Clara University, [email protected] Masako Miyazaki Cameron Ochs Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarcommons.scu.edu/psych Part of the Psychology Commons Recommended Citation Tsai, J. L., Koopmann-Holm, B., Miyazaki, M., & Ochs, C. (2013). The er ligious shaping of feeling: Implications of Affect Valuation Theory. In R. F. Paloutzian & C. L. Park (Eds.), Handbook of the psychology of religion and spirituality (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford Press. Copyright © 2014 Guilford Press. Reprinted with permission of The uiG lford Press. This Book Chapter is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Arts & Sciences at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Psychology by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 14 The Religious Shaping of Feeling Implications of Affect Valuation Theory Jeanne L. Tsai, Birgit Koopmann-Holm, Masako Miyazaki, and Camaron Ochs Qver 80% of the world population identifies with a specific religion (Adherents. com, 2007; Central Intelligence Agency, 2011). For some individuals, this religion struc tures and shapes every dimension of their daily lives: what they wear, with whom they spend time, where they go, and what they eat. As important, but perhaps less overt, is how religion shapes people's psyches. Indeed, one of the major functions of religion is to provide followers with a way of understanding and coping with their life circumstances (see Pargament, Falb, Ano, & Wachholtz, Chapter 28, this volume; Park, 2005).