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Annex 1. Pest Species Distribution in the Selected Countries, by Region

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Annex 1: Pest species distribution in the selected countries, by region 193 Annex 1 Pest species distribution in the selected countries, by region AFRICA Order/phylum: South Pest species Ghana Kenya Malawi Mauritius Morocco Sudan family Africa Insects Amyna punctum Lepidoptera: DNC Noctuidae Anacridum Orthoptera: DNB melanorhodon Acrididae Analeptes trifasciata Coleoptera: DNB Cerambycidae Anaphe panda Lepidoptera: DNB Thaumetopoeidae Anaphe venata Lepidoptera: DNB Notodontidae Ancistrotermes Isoptera: DNB latinotus Termitidae Apate indistincta Coleoptera: DPB Bostrichidae Apate monachus Coleoptera: DPB DPB Bostrichidae Apate terebrans Coleoptera: DPB Bostrichidae Bruchidius uberatus Coleoptera: DPB Bruchidae Buzura abruptaria Lepidoptera: DNC Geometridae Caryedon serratus Coleoptera: DPB Bruchidae Chrysobothris Coleoptera: TPB dorsata Buprestidae Cinara cronartii Hemiptera: TPC Aphididae Cinara cupressivora Hemiptera: TPC TPC TPC Aphididae Cinara pinivora Hemiptera: TPC Aphididae Cisseis rufobasalis Coleoptera: DNB Buprestidae Coryphodema tristis Lepidoptera: DPB Cossidae T= Introduced pest P= Planted forest B= Broadleaf trees D= Indigenous pest N= Naturally regenerated forest C= Coniferous trees 194 Global review of forest pests and diseases Order/phylum: South Pest species Ghana Kenya Malawi Mauritius Morocco Sudan family Africa Cubitermes spp. Isoptera: DNB Termitidae Diclidophlebia Hemiptera: DPB eastopi Psyllidae Distantiella Hemiptera: DPB theobroma Miridae Dysmicoccus brevipes Hemiptera: DPB Pseudococcidae Ellimenistes laesicollis Coleoptera: DPB Curculionidae Epicerura Lepidoptera: DPB pulverulenta Notodontidae Eulachnus rileyi Hemiptera: TPC TPC Aphididae Euproctis terminalis Lepidoptera: DPC Lymantriidae Gonipterus Coleoptera: TPB TPB TPB scutellatus Curculionidae Gonometa podocarpi Lepidoptera: DNC Lasiocampidae Helopeltis lalandei Hemiptera: DPB Miridae Heteropsylla cubana Hemiptera: TPB TPB TPB TPB Psyllidae Hodotermes Isoptera: DNB mossambicus Hodotermitidae Hylastes angustatus Coleoptera: TPC Curculionidae Hylurgus ligniperda Coleoptera: TPC Scolytidae Hypsipyla grandella Lepidoptera: TPB Pyralidae Hypsipyla robusta Lepidoptera: TPB TPB Pyralidae Imbrasia cytherea Lepidoptera: DPC Saturnidae Kotochalia junodi Lepidoptera: DPB Psychidae Lamprosema Lepidoptera: DNB lateritialis Pyralidae Leptocybe invasa Hymenoptera: TPB TPB TPB Eulophidae Lygidolon laevigatum Hemiptera: DPB Miridae Lymantria dispar Lepidoptera: DNB Lymantriidae Macrotermes falciger Isoptera: DNB Termitidae Mesoplatys cincta Coleoptera: DPB Chrysomelidae T= Introduced pest P= Planted forest B= Broadleaf trees D= Indigenous pest N= Naturally regenerated forest C= Coniferous trees Annex 1: Pest species distribution in the selected countries, by region 195 Order/phylum: South Pest species Ghana Kenya Malawi Mauritius Morocco Sudan family Africa Microtermes spp. Isoptera: DNB Termitidae Nezara robusta Hemiptera: DNB Pentatomidae Odontotermes Isoptera: DNB spiniger Termitidae Oemida gahani Coleoptera: DNC Cerambycidae Orthotomicus erosus Coleoptera: DPC Scolytidae Pachypasa capensis Lepidoptera: D P B/C Lasiocampidae Phoracantha recurva Coleoptera: TPB TPB TPB Cerambycidae Phoracantha Coleoptera: TPB TPB TPB semipunctata Cerambycidae Phytolyma fusca Hemiptera: DPB Psyllidae Phytolyma lata Hemiptera: DPB Psyllidae Pineus pini Hemiptera: TPC TPC TPC Adelgidae Pissodes nemorensis Coleoptera: TPC Curculionidae Plagotriptus Orthoptera: DNC pinivorus Eumasticidae Pseudocanthotermes Isoptera: DNB militaris Termitidae Sahlbergella Hemiptera: DPB singularis Miridae Salagena discata Lepidoptera: DNB Cossidae Scolytus kirschii Coleoptera: TPB Scolytidae Sirex noctilio Hymenoptera: TPC Siricidae Sphenoptera Coleoptera: D N/P B chalcichroa arenosa Buprestidae Sphenoptera fulgens Coleoptera: D N/P B Buprestidae Strepsicrates rhothia Lepidoptera: DPB Tortricidae Thaumastocoris Hemiptera: TPB peregrinus Thaumastocoridae Thaumetopoea Lepidoptera: DNC bonjeani Notodontidae Thaumetopoea Lepidoptera: DNC libanotica Thaumetopoeidae Thaumetopoea Lepidoptera: DPC pityocampa Notodontidae T= Introduced pest P= Planted forest B= Broadleaf trees D= Indigenous pest N= Naturally regenerated forest C= Coniferous trees 196 Global review of forest pests and diseases Order/phylum: South Pest species Ghana Kenya Malawi Mauritius Morocco Sudan family Africa Trachyostus Coleoptera: DNB ghanaensis Platypodidae Tridesmodes Lepidoptera: DPB ramiculata Thyrididae Xasinthisa tarsispina Lepidoptera: DNC Geometridae Zonocerus elegans Orthoptera: D N B/C Pyrgomorphidae Diseases Armillaria fuscipes Basidiomycota: D N/P Marasmiaceae B/C Armillaria heimii Basidiomycota: TP Marasmiaceae B/C Armillaria mellea Basidiomycota: TP TN TPB Marasmiaceae B/C B/C Armillaria spp. Basidiomycota: DNB DPC Marasmiaceae Botryosphaeria Ascomycota: TPB dothidea Botryosphaeriaceae Botryosphaeria Ascomycota: TPB eucalypticola Botryosphaeriaceae Botryosphaeria Ascomycota: TPB eucalyptorum Botryosphaeriaceae Botryosphaeria spp. Ascomycota: TN TPB Incertae sedis B/C Botrytis cinerea Ascomycota: TNC Sclerotiniaceae Ceratocystis Ascomycota: T N/P B albofundus Ceratocystidaceae Ceratocystis spp. Ascomycota: TPB Ceratocystidaceae Chrysoporthe Ascomycota: D N/P B austroafricana Incertae sedis Fusarium spp. Ascomycetes: TN Nectriaceae B/C Gibberella circinata Ascomycota: TPC Nectriaceae Holocryphia eucalypti Ascomycota: TPB Valsaceae Lepteutypa cupressi Ascomycota: DPC DPC Amphisphaeriaceae Mycosphaerella pini Ascomycota: TPC TPC Mycosphaerellaceae Nattrassia Ascomycota: TPB mangiferae Incertae sedis Nectria rigidiuscula Ascomycota: TPB Nectriaceae Phanerochaete Basidiomycota: T N/P B salmonicolor Phanerochaetaceae T= Introduced pest P= Planted forest B= Broadleaf trees D= Indigenous pest N= Naturally regenerated forest C= Coniferous trees Annex 1: Pest species distribution in the selected countries, by region 197 Order/phylum: South Pest species Ghana Kenya Malawi Mauritius Morocco Sudan family Africa Phytophthora Oomycota: T N/P B cinnamomi Pythiaceae Phytophthora Oomycota: TPB nicotianae Pythiaceae Rhizina undulata Ascomycota: TPC Rhizinaceae Sphaeropsis sapinea Ascomycota: TPC TPC Incertae sedis Subramanianospora Ascomycota: TPB vesiculosa Incertae sedis Xanthomonas Xanthomonadales: axonopodis p.v. Xanthomonadaceae DNB khayae Other pests Macaca sylvana Primates: D N/P C Cercopithecidae T= Introduced pest P= Planted forest B= Broadleaf trees D= Indigenous pest N= Naturally regenerated forest C= Coniferous trees 198 Global review of forest pests and diseases ASIA AND THE PACIFIC Order/phylum: Pest species China India Indonesia Mongolia Thailand family Insects Acalolepta cervina Coleoptera: DPB Cerambycidae Achaea janata Lepidoptera: DNB Noctuidae Achaea serva Lepidoptera: DNB Noctuidae Agrilus kalshoveni Coleoptera: DNB Buprestidae Alcidodes frenatus Coleoptera: DPB Curculionidae Alcidodes ludificator Coleoptera: DPB Curculionidae Anoplophora glabripennis Coleoptera: DPB Cerambycidae Apoderus notatus Coleoptera: DPB Curculionidae Apriona cinerea Coleoptera: DPB Cerambycidae Archips micaceana Lepidoptera: DPB Tortricidae Aristobia approximator Coleoptera: DPB Cerambycidae Aristobia horridula Coleoptera: DPB Cerambycidae Asphondylia tectonae Diptera: DNB Cecidomyiidae Aulacaspis marina Hemiptera: DPB Diaspidae Batocera rubus Coleoptera: DPB Cerambycidae Brontispa longissima Coleoptera: TPB DPB TPB Chrysomelidae Calliteara cerigoides Lepidoptera: DPB Lymantriidae Calopepla leayana Coleoptera: DPB DPB Chrysomelidae Catopsilia crocale crocale Lepidoptera: DPB Pieridae Catopsilia pomona pomona Lepidoptera: DPB Pieridae Catopsilia pyranthe pyranthe Lepidoptera: DPB Pieridae Celosterna pollinosa sulphurea Coleoptera: DPB Cerambycidae Chrysomela populi Coleoptera: DPB Chrysomelidae T= Introduced pest P= Planted forest B= Broadleaf trees D= Indigenous pest N= Naturally regenerated forest C= Coniferous trees Annex 1: Pest species distribution in the selected countries, by region 199 Order/phylum: Pest species China India Indonesia Mongolia Thailand family Clostera cupreata Lepidoptera: DPB Notodontidae Clostera fulgurita Lepidoptera: DPB Notodontidae Conogethes punctiferalis Lepidoptera: DPB Pyralidae Coptotermes curvignathus Isoptera: D P B/C D P B/C Rhinotermitidae Coptotermes gestroi Isoptera: DPB Rhinotermitidae Craspedonta mouhoti Coleoptera: DPB Chrysomelidae Cryptothelia cramerii Lepidoptera: DNC Psychidae Curculio davidi Coleoptera: DPB Curculionidae Cydia splendana Lepidoptera: DPB Tortricidae Cyrtotrachelus dichrous Coleoptera: DPB Curculionidae Cyrtotrachelus longimanus Coleoptera: DPB Curculionidae Dasychira mendosa Lepidoptera: DPB Lymantriidae Dendroctonus valens Coleoptera: TPC Scolytidae Dendrolimus punctatus Lepidoptera: DPC Lasiocampidae Dendrolimus sibiricus Lepidoptera: DNC DN/PC Lasiocampidae Dendrolimus tabulaeformis Lepidoptera: DNC Lasiocampidae Dichocrocis punctiferalis Lepidoptera: DPB Pyralidae Dioryctria rubella Lepidoptera: DPC Pyralidae Ectropis deodarae Lepidoptera: DNC Geometridae Erannis jacobsoni Lepidoptera: D N/P C Geometridae Eucosma hypsidryas Lepidoptera: DNC Tortricidae Eumeta variegata Lepidoptera: D N B/C Psychidae Eurema blanda Lepidoptera: DPB Pieridae Eutectona machaeralis Lepidoptera: D N/P B D N/P B Pyralidae Euwallacea destruens Coleoptera: DPB Scolytidae T= Introduced pest P= Planted forest B= Broadleaf trees D= Indigenous pest N= Naturally regenerated forest C= Coniferous trees 200 Global review of forest pests and diseases Order/phylum: Pest species China India Indonesia Mongolia
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  • Effect of Humidity and Temperature on the Performance of Three Strains Of

    Effect of Humidity and Temperature on the Performance of Three Strains Of

    Biological Control 146 (2020) 104269 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Biological Control journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ybcon Effect of humidity and temperature on the performance of three strains of T Aphalara itadori, a biocontrol agent for Japanese Knotweed ⁎ Chanida Funga, , Pablo González-Morenob, Corin Prattb, Tom H. Olivera, Robert S. Bourchierc, Manuela González-Suáreza a Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AS, UK b CABI, Bakeham Lane, Egham, Surrey TW20 9TY, UK c Agriculture and AgriFood Canada-Lethbridge Research Centre, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Japanese knotweed (Fallopia japonica) is a highly damaging invasive species affecting UK infrastructure and Biological control biodiversity. Under laboratory conditions, the psyllid Aphalara itadori has demonstrated its potential to be a Climate change successful biocontrol agent for F. japonica. However, this potential has not materialised in the field where long- Fallopia japonica term establishment of A. itadori has been unsuccessful and faces the added challenge of climate change. Intraspecific variation Intraspecific variation (variation among individuals of a species) has been shown to support establishment in Invasive species alien species and improve resilience to changing environmental conditions. Here we propose it could improve Japanese psyllid Saturation Deficiency Index the performance of biocontrols. To test this possibility we compared the performance and impact on F. japonica of three strains of A. itadori with different genetic backgrounds, including a newly created hybrid. Wehy- pothesize that genetic variability would be increased in hybrids resulting in greater biocontrol effectiveness (greater impact on plant growth). We also explored the potential influence of changing climate on performance, testing all strains under two humidity conditions (with the same temperature).