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Pollution Des Eaux Du Littoral Par Les Absorbeurs D'uv Issus De Crèmes Solaires, Générée Par Les Activités Estivales

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Pollution Des Eaux Du Littoral Par Les Absorbeurs D'uv Issus De Crèmes Solaires, Générée Par Les Activités Estivales J. Labille - Projet OHM Littoral 2017 PLAGE-UV Pollution des eaux du Littoral par les Absorbeurs d’UV issus de crèmes solaires, Générée par les activités Estivales - Phase B PLAGE-UVB Centre Européen de Recherche et Enseignement en Géosciences de l'Environnement, UM 34 CEREGE J. Labille, D. Slomberg, R. Catalano, O. Radakovitch, C. de Garidel Laboratoire de Chimie de l’Environnement, UMR 7376 LCE J.-L. Boudenne Etude des Structures, des Procédures d’Adaptation et des Changements d’Espace, UMR 7300 ESPACE R. Bertholdo, J. Ribourdouille, S. Robert, M.-L. Tremelo Surfrider Foundation Europe S. Hatimi, B. Van Hoorebeke Séminaire OHM Littoral Méditerranéen – 27/03/19 Sites d’étude • Plage du Prophète, Marseille • Plage de Pointe Rouge, Marseille • Plage de la Lave, Le Rove J. Labille - Projet OHM Littoral 2017 PLAGE-UV Des molécules organiques comme absorbeur d’UV nano-TiO Filtres minéraux nano 2 < 25% Filtres organiques dioxybenzone oxybenzone avobenzone 2-éthylhexyl-4-méthoxycinnamate octocrylène • L’utilisation des filtres minéraux et organiques ensemble est la plus répandue pour une protection de plus large spectre. • Les filtres organiques synthétiques sont interdits en produits cosmétiques bio. Analyse chimique de l’eau – Quantification TiO2 Plage du Prophète Samedi 15 juillet 2017 TiO2 900 µg/L Ti concentration in seawater �g/L en surface 600 10-16 µg/L 500 à 40 cm �g/L 400 12 10 300 8 6 200 2 m 4 50 m 100 2 200 m 0 0 Labille et al., in prep. J. Labille - Projet OHM Littoral 2017 PLAGE-UV Mesure des filtres organiques Unités Pic de concentration à 16h, (ng/L) Prophète dist 2 m, prof 40 cm 35.0 distance 2m, profondeur 40 cm, 30.0 sur les 3 plages, pendant le bain. 25.0 20.0 OXY 15.0 OC 10.0 Pas d’effet à 200 m 5.0 0.0 OXY Prophète, prof 40 cm 11/07/2017 8h 15/7/17 8h 15/7/17 16h 16/7/17 8h 45.0 Corbière dist 2m, prof 40 cm 40.0 35.0 150.0 30.0 2 m 25.0 20.0 50 m 100.0 15.0 200 m OC 10.0 5.0 AVO 50.0 0.0 11/07/2017 8h 15/7/17 8h 15/7/17 16h 16/7/17 8h 0.0 OC Corbière prof 40 cm 11/07/2017 8h 15/07/2017 8h 15/07/17 16h 16/07/2017 8h 150.0 Pte Rouge dist 2m, prof 40 cm 150.0 100.0 2 m 100.0 OXY 50 m OC 50.0 200 m AVO 50.0 OMC 0.0 11/07/2017 8h 15/07/2017 8h 15/07/17 16h 16/07/2017 8h 0.0 11/07/2017 8h 15/7/17 8h 15/7/17 16h 16/07/2017 8h J. Labille - Projet OHM Littoral 2017 PLAGE-UV Enquête activités et pratiques Baignade et écran solaire Combien de fois mettez-vous de En mettez-vous avant la En mettez-vous après la la crème solaire ? baignade ? baignade ? 60% 60% 60% Moyenne : 2,7 40% 40% 40% 20% 20% 20% 0% 0% 0% 1 fois 2 à 4 fois 5 fois ou / Oui Non NA / Oui Non NA / plus Lave Pointe Rouge Prophète Lave Pointe Rouge Prophète Lave Pointe Rouge Prophète En mettez-vous sur … ? Pratiquez vous le bain? 60% 90% 80% 40% 70% 80% à chaque fois. 60% 20% 50% 40% 30% 0% 20% Tout le Haut du Visage NA / 10% corps corps 0% Lave Pointe Rouge Prophète Lave Pointe Rouge Prophète Types de produits solaires consommés Enquête sur les habitudes de consommation en crème solaire Garnier Ambre other brands < solaire. 14% 1.2%. 20% marques des crèmes solaires consommées Nuxe sun. 2% Mixa solaire. 2% Nivea Sun. 13% Soleil Biafine. 2% Lovea. 2% Corine de Farme. 2% Vichy. 3% Avène. 12% Yves Rocher. 3% Soleil noir. 3% ZnO (nano) ZnO L'Oréal. 6% La Roche Posay. Bioderma. 7% TiO2 (nano) occurrence des filtres 9% TiO2 Bisdisulizole disodium UV dans les crèmes Drometrizol trisiloxane solaires consommées Indices de protection MBBT (nano) Iscotrizinol nd no SPF SPF 4 - 10 Homosalate Diethylamino hydroxybenzoyl Ecamsule Ethylhexyl triazone Bisoctrizole Bemotrizinol SPF 50+ SPF 15 - 20 Ensulizole Oxybenzone Octisalate Octinoxate Padimate O SPF 30 Octocrylene Avobenzone SPF 50 no UV protection 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 occurence (%) Enquête activités et pratiques Baignade et écran solaire : source de pollution de l’eau? Estimation par l’enquête Quantité de crème : 15 / 07 /2017, Plage du Prophète : nb usagers x % consommateur x % baigneurs x nb utilisation x masse crème = 3000 x 70% x 80% X 2,7 X 15g = 68 kg de crème transitent dans l’eau Si 100% de crème relargués, la pollution de l’eau est estimée à 68 kg par jour, soit 476 kg /semaine, soit 1,9 t / mois, soit 5,7 tonnes / saison (pour une plage) Quantité de TiO2 : masse crème x % crème TiO2 x % massique = 68 x 10% x 5% = 340 g TiO2 / jour = 71 kg / mois Concentration TiO2 80m volume eau de plage : 2000 m3 + 580 m3 de renouvellement effet coup de froid : x 0,5 TiO2 : 66 µg/L La presse en parle Conclusions année 1 sur quantification TiO2 dans l’eau • 24% des nano consommées sont retrouvées en suspension dans l’eau. • Des patch hydrophobes très concentrés persistent en surface 340 g 16 µg/L 900 µg/L TiO2 TiO2 TiO2 2 m 20 m Conclusions année 1 sur quantification TiO2 dans l’eau • 24% des nano consommées sont retrouvées en suspension dans l’eau. • Des patch hydrophobes très concentrés TiO2 persistent en surface sédimenté ? Objectifs année 2 340 g 16 µg/L 900 µg/L TiO2 TiO2 TiO2 2 m 20 m Conclusions année 1 sur quantification TiO2 dans l’eau • 24% des nano consommées sont retrouvées en suspension dans l’eau. • Des patch hydrophobes très concentrés TiO2 persistent en surface sédimenté ? Objectifs année 2 340 g 16 µg/L 900 µg/L TiO2 TiO2 TiO2 2 m 20 m Perspectives: 1 publication en prep. Collaborations industrielles éco-conception crème (Beiersdorf Nivéa) Collaboration industrielle campagne plage (Sisley Paris) Montage plateforme analytique régionale NEC PLAGE UVB 2018-2019 • Tâche 1 : Campagne de terrain 18 juillet 2018, plage du Prophète • Échantillonnage d’eau reconduit • Carottage du sable à 2 m et 20 m. • Quantification du TiO2 dans les échantillons • Tâche 2 : Perception du risque lié aux produits solaires chez le consommateur et impact sur le type de consommation Perception des risques des nanoparticules dans la crème solaire Crème solaire – source de protection ou préoccupation ? Variables mesurées : • Comportements et croyances sur l’exposition au soleil • Connaissances et croyances sur les nanoparticules • Croyances sur le cancer de la peau • Usage des crèmes solaires • Croyances en la science (modèle de science) Perception des risques des nanoparticules dans la crème solaire Crème solaire – source de protection ou préoccupation ? Variables mesurées : • Comportements et croyances sur l’exposition au soleil • Connaissances et croyances sur les nanoparticules • Croyances sur le cancer de la peau • Usage des crèmes solaires • Croyances en la science (modèle de science) Approche expérimentale T1 Perception des risques liés aux nanoparticules / crèmes solaires Perception des risques des nanoparticules dans la crème solaire Crème solaire – source de protection ou préoccupation ? Variables mesurées : • Comportements et croyances sur l’exposition au soleil • Connaissances et croyances sur les nanoparticules • Croyances sur le cancer de la peau • Usage des crèmes solaires • Croyances en la science (modèle de science) Approche expérimentale T1 C1 ALARMISTE Perception des risques liés aux C2 SENSIBILISATION nanoparticules / crèmes solaires Perception des risques des nanoparticules dans la crème solaire Crème solaire – source de protection ou préoccupation ? Variables mesurées : • Comportements et croyances sur l’exposition au soleil • Connaissances et croyances sur les nanoparticules • Croyances sur le cancer de la peau • Usage des crèmes solaires • Croyances en la science (modèle de science) Approche expérimentale T2 T1 C1 ALARMISTE Perception des risques liés Perception des risques liés aux C2 SENSIBILISATION aux nanoparticules / nanoparticules / crèmes solaires crèmes solaires Perception des risques des nanoparticules dans la crème solaire Crème solaire – source de protection ou préoccupation ? Variables mesurées : • Comportements et croyances sur l’exposition au soleil • Connaissances et croyances sur les nanoparticules • Croyances sur le cancer de la peau • Usage des crèmes solaires • Croyances en la science (modèle de science) Approche expérimentale Science binaire vs complexe ? T2 T1 C1 ALARMISTE Perception des risques liés Perception des risques liés aux C2 SENSIBILISATION aux nanoparticules / nanoparticules / crèmes solaires crèmes solaires Perception des risques des nanoparticules dans la crème solaire Analyse des données et résultats escomptés • Modélisation du comportement d’utilisation des crèmes solaires • Modélisation de la perception des risques associés aux (1) nano et (2) soleil Perception des risques des nanoparticules dans la crème solaire Analyse des données et résultats escomptés • Modélisation du comportement d’utilisation des crèmes solaires • Modélisation de la perception des risques associés aux (1) nano et (2) soleil • Influence de l’information de sensibilisation vs. alarmiste sur la perception des risques • Influence du modèle de science? .
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