The Unicode Standard 5.2 Code Charts

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The Unicode Standard 5.2 Code Charts Number Forms Range: 2150–218F The Unicode Standard, Version 5.2 This file contains an excerpt from the character code tables and list of character names for The Unicode Standard, Version 5.2. Characters in this chart that are new for The Unicode Standard, Version 5.2 are shown in conjunction with any existing characters. For ease of reference, the new characters have been highlighted in the chart grid and in the names list. This file will not be updated with errata, or when additional characters are assigned to the Unicode Standard. See http://www.unicode.org/errata/ for an up-to-date list of errata. See http://www.unicode.org/charts/ for access to a complete list of the latest character code charts. See http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/Unicode-5.2/ for charts showing only the characters added in Unicode 5.2. See http://www.unicode.org/Public/5.2.0/charts/ for a complete archived file of character code charts for Unicode 5.2. Disclaimer These charts are provided as the online reference to the character contents of the Unicode Standard, Version 5.2 but do not provide all the information needed to fully support individual scripts using the Unicode Standard. For a complete understanding of the use of the characters contained in this file, please consult the appropriate sections of The Unicode Standard, Version 5.2, online at http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode5.2.0/, as well as Unicode Standard Annexes #9, #11, #14, #15, #24, #29, #31, #34, #38, #41, #42, and #44, the other Unicode Technical Reports and Standards, and the Unicode Character Database, which are available online. See http://www.unicode.org/ucd/ and http://www.unicode.org/reports/ A thorough understanding of the information contained in these additional sources is required for a successful implementation. Fonts The shapes of the reference glyphs used in these code charts are not prescriptive. Considerable variation is to be expected in actual fonts. The particular fonts used in these charts were provided to the Unicode Consortium by a number of different font designers, who own the rights to the fonts. See http://www.unicode.org/charts/fonts.html for a list. Terms of Use You may freely use these code charts for personal or internal business uses only. You may not incorporate them either wholly or in part into any product or publication, or otherwise distribute them without express written permission from the Unicode Consortium. However, you may provide links to these charts. The fonts and font data used in production of these code charts may NOT be extracted, or used in any other way in any product or publication, without permission or license granted by the typeface owner(s). The Unicode Consortium is not liable for errors or omissions in this file or the standard itself. Information on characters added to the Unicode Standard since the publication of the most recent version of the Unicode Standard, as well as on characters currently being considered for addition to the Unicode Standard can be found on the Unicode web site. See http://www.unicode.org/pending/pending.html and http://www.unicode.org/alloc/Pipeline.html. Copyright © 1991-2009 Unicode, Inc. All rights reserved. 2150 Number Forms 218F 215 216 217 218 0 ⅐ Ⅰ ⅰ ↀ 2150 2160 2170 2180 1 ⅑ Ⅱ ⅱ ↁ 2151 2161 2171 2181 2 ⅒ Ⅲ ⅲ ↂ 2152 2162 2172 2182 3 ⅓ Ⅳ ⅳ Ↄ 2153 2163 2173 2183 4 ⅔ Ⅴ ⅴ ↄ 2154 2164 2174 2184 5 ⅕ Ⅵ ⅵ ↅ 2155 2165 2175 2185 6 ⅖ Ⅶ ⅶ ↆ 2156 2166 2176 2186 7 ⅗ Ⅷⅷ ↇ 2157 2167 2177 2187 8 ⅘ Ⅸ ⅸ ↈ 2158 2168 2178 2188 9 ⅙ Ⅹ ⅹ ↉ 2159 2169 2179 2189 A ⅚ Ⅺ ⅺ 215A 216A 217A B ⅛ Ⅻ ⅻ 215B 216B 217B C ⅜ Ⅼ ⅼ 215C 216C 217C D ⅝ Ⅽ ⅽ 215D 216D 217D E ⅞ Ⅾ ⅾ 215E 216E 217E F ⅟ Ⅿ ⅿ 215F 216F 217F 208 The Unicode Standard 5.2, Copyright © 1991-2009 Unicode, Inc. All rights reserved. 2150 Number Forms 2184 Fractions 216B Ⅻ ROMAN NUMERAL TWELVE Other fraction number forms are found in the Latin-1 ≈ 0058 X 0049 I 0049 I ROMAN NUMERAL FIFTY Supplement block. 216C Ⅼ ≈ 004C L latin capital letter l → 00BC ¼ vulgar fraction one quarter 216D Ⅽ ROMAN NUMERAL ONE HUNDRED → 00BD ½ vulgar fraction one half ≈ 0043 C latin capital letter c 00BE vulgar fraction three quarters → ¾ 216E Ⅾ ROMAN NUMERAL FIVE HUNDRED 2150 ⅐ VULGAR FRACTION ONE SEVENTH ≈ 0044 D latin capital letter d ≈ <fraction> 0031 1 2044 0037 7 ⁄ 216F Ⅿ ROMAN NUMERAL ONE THOUSAND 2151 ⅑ VULGAR FRACTION ONE NINTH ≈ 004D M latin capital letter m ≈ <fraction> 0031 1 2044 0039 9 ⁄ 2170 ⅰ SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL ONE 2152 ⅒ VULGAR FRACTION ONE TENTH ≈ 0069 i latin small letter i ≈ <fraction> 0031 1 2044 0031 1 0030 0 ⁄ 2171 ⅱ SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL TWO 2153 ⅓ VULGAR FRACTION ONE THIRD ≈ 0069 i 0069 i ≈ <fraction> 0031 1 2044 0033 3 ⁄ 2172 ⅲ SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL THREE 2154 ⅔ VULGAR FRACTION TWO THIRDS ≈ 0069 i 0069 i 0069 i ≈ <fraction> 0032 2 2044 0033 3 ⁄ 2173 ⅳ SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL FOUR 2155 ⅕ VULGAR FRACTION ONE FIFTH ≈ 0069 i 0076 v ≈ <fraction> 0031 1 2044 0035 5 ⁄ 2174 ⅴ SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL FIVE 2156 ⅖ VULGAR FRACTION TWO FIFTHS ≈ 0076 v latin small letter v ≈ <fraction> 0032 2 2044 0035 5 ⁄ 2175 ⅵ SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL SIX 2157 ⅗ VULGAR FRACTION THREE FIFTHS ≈ 0076 v 0069 i ≈ <fraction> 0033 3 2044 0035 5 ⁄ 2176 ⅶ SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL SEVEN 2158 ⅘ VULGAR FRACTION FOUR FIFTHS ≈ 0076 v 0069 i 0069 i ≈ <fraction> 0034 4 2044 0035 5 ⁄ 2177 ⅷ SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL EIGHT 2159 ⅙ VULGAR FRACTION ONE SIXTH ≈ 0076 v 0069 i 0069 i 0069 i ≈ <fraction> 0031 1 2044 0036 6 ⁄ 2178 ⅸ SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL NINE 215A ⅚ VULGAR FRACTION FIVE SIXTHS ≈ 0069 i 0078 x ≈ <fraction> 0035 5 2044 0036 6 ⁄ 2179 ⅹ SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL TEN 215B ⅛ VULGAR FRACTION ONE EIGHTH ≈ 0078 x latin small letter x ≈ <fraction> 0031 1 2044 0038 8 ⁄ 217A ⅺ SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL ELEVEN 215C ⅜ VULGAR FRACTION THREE EIGHTHS ≈ 0078 x 0069 i ≈ <fraction> 0033 3 2044 0038 8 ⁄ 217B ⅻ SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL TWELVE 215D ⅝ VULGAR FRACTION FIVE EIGHTHS ≈ 0078 x 0069 i 0069 i ≈ <fraction> 0035 5 2044 0038 8 ⁄ 217C ⅼ SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL FIFTY 215E ⅞ VULGAR FRACTION SEVEN EIGHTHS ≈ 006C l latin small letter l ≈ <fraction> 0037 7 2044 0038 8 ⁄ 217D ⅽ SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL ONE HUNDRED 215F ⅟ FRACTION NUMERATOR ONE ≈ 0063 c latin small letter c ≈ <fraction> 0031 1 2044 ⁄ 217E ⅾ SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL FIVE HUNDRED Roman numerals ≈ 0064 d latin small letter d 2160 Ⅰ ROMAN NUMERAL ONE 217F ⅿ SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL ONE THOUSAND ≈ 0049 I latin capital letter i ≈ 006D m latin small letter m ROMAN NUMERAL TWO 2161 Ⅱ Archaic Roman numerals ≈ 0049 I 0049 I 2180 ↀ ROMAN NUMERAL ONE THOUSAND C D 2162 Ⅲ ROMAN NUMERAL THREE 2181 ↁ ROMAN NUMERAL FIVE THOUSAND ≈ 0049 I 0049 I 0049 I 2182 ↂ ROMAN NUMERAL TEN THOUSAND 2163 Ⅳ ROMAN NUMERAL FOUR 2183 Ↄ ROMAN NUMERAL REVERSED ONE HUNDRED ≈ 0049 I 0056 V ROMAN NUMERAL FIVE = apostrophic C 2164 Ⅴ = Claudian antisigma ≈ 0056 V latin capital letter v • used in combination with C and I to form large 2165 Ⅵ ROMAN NUMERAL SIX numbers ≈ 0056 V 0049 I • lowercase is 2184 ↄ 2166 Ⅶ ROMAN NUMERAL SEVEN → 03FD Ͻ greek capital reversed lunate sigma ≈ 0056 V 0049 I 0049 I symbol ROMAN NUMERAL EIGHT 2167 Ⅷ Lowercase Claudian letter ≈ 0056 V 0049 I 0049 I 0049 I 2168 Ⅸ ROMAN NUMERAL NINE Claudian letters in inscriptions are uppercase, but may be ≈ 0049 I 0058 X transcribed by scholars in lowercase. LATIN SMALL LETTER REVERSED C 2169 Ⅹ ROMAN NUMERAL TEN 2184 ↄ ≈ 0058 X latin capital letter x → 037B ͻ greek small reversed lunate sigma 216A Ⅺ ROMAN NUMERAL ELEVEN symbol ≈ 0058 X 0049 I The Unicode Standard 5.2, Copyright © 1991-2009 Unicode, Inc. All rights reserved. 209 2185 Number Forms 2189 Archaic Roman numerals 2185 ↅ ROMAN NUMERAL SIX LATE FORM → 03DA Ϛ greek letter stigma 2186 ↆ ROMAN NUMERAL FIFTY EARLY FORM → 16CE ᛎ runic letter z → 2193 ↓ downwards arrow 2187 ↇ ROMAN NUMERAL FIFTY THOUSAND 2188 ↈ ROMAN NUMERAL ONE HUNDRED THOUSAND Fraction 2189 ↉ VULGAR FRACTION ZERO THIRDS • used in baseball scoring, from ARIB STD B24 ≈ <fraction> 0030 0 2044 ⁄ 0033 3 210 The Unicode Standard 5.2, Copyright © 1991-2009 Unicode, Inc. All rights reserved..
Recommended publications
  • Characters for Classical Latin
    Characters for Classical Latin David J. Perry version 13, 2 July 2020 Introduction The purpose of this document is to identify all characters of interest to those who work with Classical Latin, no matter how rare. Epigraphers will want many of these, but I want to collect any character that is needed in any context. Those that are already available in Unicode will be so identified; those that may be available can be debated; and those that are clearly absent and should be proposed can be proposed; and those that are so rare as to be unencodable will be known. If you have any suggestions for additional characters or reactions to the suggestions made here, please email me at [email protected] . No matter how rare, let’s get all possible characters on this list. Version 6 of this document has been updated to reflect the many characters of interest to Latinists encoded as of Unicode version 13.0. Characters are indicated by their Unicode value, a hexadecimal number, and their name printed IN SMALL CAPITALS. Unicode values may be preceded by U+ to set them off from surrounding text. Combining diacritics are printed over a dotted cir- cle ◌ to show that they are intended to be used over a base character. For more basic information about Unicode, see the website of The Unicode Consortium, http://www.unicode.org/ or my book cited below. Please note that abbreviations constructed with lines above or through existing let- ters are not considered separate characters except in unusual circumstances, nor are the space-saving ligatures found in Latin inscriptions unless they have a unique grammatical or phonemic function (which they normally don’t).
    [Show full text]
  • MUFI Character Recommendation V. 3.0: Alphabetical Order
    MUFI character recommendation Characters in the official Unicode Standard and in the Private Use Area for Medieval texts written in the Latin alphabet ⁋ ※ ð ƿ ᵹ ᴆ ※ ¶ ※ Part 1: Alphabetical order ※ Version 3.0 (5 July 2009) ※ Compliant with the Unicode Standard version 5.1 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ※ Medieval Unicode Font Initiative (MUFI) ※ www.mufi.info ISBN 978-82-8088-402-2 ※ Characters on shaded background belong to the Private Use Area. Please read the introduction p. 11 carefully before using any of these characters. MUFI character recommendation ※ Part 1: alphabetical order version 3.0 p. 2 / 165 Editor Odd Einar Haugen, University of Bergen, Norway. Background Version 1.0 of the MUFI recommendation was published electronically and in hard copy on 8 December 2003. It was the result of an almost two-year-long electronic discussion within the Medieval Unicode Font Initiative (http://www.mufi.info), which was established in July 2001 at the International Medi- eval Congress in Leeds. Version 1.0 contained a total of 828 characters, of which 473 characters were selected from various charts in the official part of the Unicode Standard and 355 were located in the Private Use Area. Version 1.0 of the recommendation is compliant with the Unicode Standard version 4.0. Version 2.0 is a major update, published electronically on 22 December 2006. It contains a few corrections of misprints in version 1.0 and 516 additional char- acters (of which 123 are from charts in the official part of the Unicode Standard and 393 are additions to the Private Use Area).
    [Show full text]
  • Ashmolean Monumental Latin Inscriptions
    18-Sep-17 Ashmolean Monumental Latin Inscriptions Acknowledgements Marta Adsarias (Universiteit van Amsterdam, Universiteitsbibliotheek, Bibliotheek Bijzondere Collecties); Benjamin Altshuler (CSAD); Abigail Baker (ASHLI); Alex Croom (Arbeia Museum); Hannah Cornwell (ASHLI); Charles Crowther (CSAD); Judith Curthoys (Christ Church, Oxford); Harriet Fisher (Corpus Christi College, Oxford); Suzanne Frey- Kupper (Warwick); Jenny Hall (Museum of London); Helen Hovey (Ashmolean Museum); Jane Masséglia (ASHLI); Lorenzo Miletti (University of Naples "Federico II"); Alessandro Moro (Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana, Venice); Ilaria Perzia (Ashmolean Museum); Stefania Peterlini (BSR); Angela Pinto (Biblioteca Nazionale "Vittorio Emanuele III" - Laboratorio fotografico digitale); Philomen Probert (Oxford); Jörg Prüfert (Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz: Dept. of Conservation and Digitization); Nicholas Purcell (Brasenose College, Oxford); Paul Roberts (Ashmolean Museum); Maggy Sasanow (CSAD); Valerie Scott (BSR); Margareta Steinby (Helsinki/ Oxford); Will Stenhouse (Yeshiva University); Bryan Sitch (Manchester Museum); Conor Trainor (Warwick); Michael Vickers (Ashmolean Museum); Susan Walker (Ashmolean Museum); John Wilkes (Oxford) 1 18-Sep-17 Epigraphic conventions Abbreviations: a(bc) = An abbreviated word, which the editor has written out in full. a(---) = An abbreviated word, which cannot be completed. a(bc-) = An abbreviated word, which the editor has written out in full, but only the stem of the word is evident. Damage suffered
    [Show full text]
  • Word Processing in Classical Languages
    Word Processing in Classical Languages Latin, Germanic, Greek corue auis nimis nitida & splendida oque auis est tibi similis in pennis nisi solus cignusµ & super omnia places michi ymno si sol¯ u cantu¯ tu¯ u audire posse¯, inter ceteras aues te utique extollere¯ ¸ David J. Perry DRAFT FOR COMMENT #2: NOT FINAL ii Word Processing in Classical Languages [back of cover] DRAFT FOR COMMENT #2: NOT FINAL Word Processing in Classical Languages iii Word Processing in Classical Languages Latin, Germanic, Greek David J. Perry Rye High School, Rye, New York DRAFT FOR COMMENT #2: NOT FINAL iv Word Processing in Classical Languages This Draft for Comment may be obtained from <http://members.telocity.com/~perryd>. Please send comments or corrections to <[email protected]>. This document is set up like a printed book; even-numbered pages should be on the right and odd- numbered pages on the left. If you print out the document before reading it, turn each even-num- bered page over, print down, and back it up with the preceding odd-numbered page. Then punch for a three-ring binder or staple at the spine. Body text of this book is set in Cardo, a Unicode font by David Perry; major heads are in Lithos and subheads in CG Omega. The Latin quotation on the cover is from a prose version of the version of the fable of the fox and the crow. These prose versions are found in the Wolfenbüttel manuscript of the fables attributed to ‘Wal- ter of England’ where they were added to help students struggling with the verse originals.
    [Show full text]
  • Cécile Treffort
    No. 1 (Spring 2013), 43-58 ISSN 2014-7023 DE INVENTORIBUS LITTERARUM: THE HISTORY OF WRITING AS SEEN BY CAROLINGIAN SCHOLARS Cécile Treffort Université de Poitiers (CESCM) e-mail: [email protected] Received: 1 February 2013 / Revised: 3 April 2013 / Accepted: 14 May 2013 / Available Online: 17 June 2013 Résumé A l’époque carolingienne, les lettrés qui oeuvrent activement à la réforme religieuse et culturelle du regnum Francorum, portent une attention particulière à l’histoire de l’écriture et à l’invention de l’alphabet. Dans les chroniques et les traités de grammaire, plusieurs traditions s’articulent, puisant à des sources antérieures l’histoire de la translatio studii à travers le déluge ou celle de la chaîne historique des inventeurs, de l’écriture hébraïque puis grecque à l’alphabet latin. Certains textes, notamment un court traité attribué à Raban Maur, élargissent la perspective au-delà des frontières de la chrétienté. Tous témoignent d’une conscience vive du caractère conventionnel de l’écriture, de son rapport étroit avec la culture et la langue, et participe à une imprégnation quotidienne soutenant le vaste mouvement de la renovatio carolingienne. Mots clés: écriture, regnum Francorum, translatio studii, réforme carolingienne Abstract In the Carolingian period, scholars who work actively in the religious and cultural reform of the regnum Francorum, pay attention to the history of writing and the invention of the alphabet. Chronicles and grammatical treatises use several previous traditions to draw the history of the translatio studii through the Flood or the historical chain of inventors for the Hebrew, Greek and Latin alphabets.
    [Show full text]
  • Considerations in the Use of the Latin Script in Variant Internationalized Top-Level Domains
    Considerations in the use of the Latin script in variant internationalized top-level domains Final report of the ICANN VIP Study Group for the Latin script Executive summary The study group examined all the characters in the Unicode Character Code Chart version 6.1.0 that are associated with the Latin script and valid under the IDNA2008 protocol. It identified several forms of “confusability” that might require careful consideration in the collation of a subset of the broader repertoire for local use. The resolution of such issues is, however, highly dependent on local orthographic conventions. These frequently treat the same characters in different manners. Strings that are confusingly similar in the context of one language may have no such connotations in another. Noting that the Latin script is used by a larger number of separate language communities than is any other single script, attempting to provide a comprehensive overview of the needs of all of them is an unrealistic endeavor. A summary attempt at doing so nonetheless would be culturally insensitive to communities that have yet to join the IDN discussion. The study group therefore finds no basis for the categorical treatment of any code point assigned to an element of the Latin script as being equivalent to any other such code point. Nor does it believe that any such basis exists beyond what is already incorporated in the IDNA2008 protocol. The ICANN TLD application process should not permit requests for multiple Latin strings under the premise that they are variants of each other. Careful scrutiny is required when evaluating proposed TLD labels for confusability but that does not make them variants in the focused sense of the VIP study.
    [Show full text]
  • Iso/Iec Jtc1/Sc2/Wg2 N2960r2 L2/05-193R2
    ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 N2960R2 L2/05-193R2 2005-08-12 Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set International Organization for Standardization Organisation Internationale de Normalisation Международная организация по стандартизации Doc Type: Working Group Document Title: Proposal to add Claudian Latin letters to the UCS Source: Michael Everson Status: Individual Contribution Date: 2005-08-12 The Roman emperor Claudius introduced three letters to the alphabet to indicate sounds he felt could not be represented otherwise. Although these letters originally occurred only in capital form (because there were no lowercase letters in antiquity), the lowercase forms have been introduced to meet Unicode casing requirements as well as for theoretical symmetry. < ç> REVERSED C or antisigma represented the consonant groups ˜bs¯ and ˜ps¯. This character is also used is used as a medieval abbreviation for con and com in ∫io¡ convenientior ‘more suitable, in agreement’, ∫óat comparavit ‘bought’, for -us and -os in Latin in tot∫ totus ‘all’, tu∫ tuos ‘your’, in Portuguese in tod∫ todos ‘all’, do∫ dous ‘two’, and in Old Icelandic ∫a kona ‘woman’. <Ò ú> TURNED F or digamma inversum represented consonantal ˜v¯ (as opposed to u) <Ú £> HALF H represented the Greek ˜y¯, a sound between that of u and i. Glyph design. Apart from the REVERSED C, the lowercase letters here have not enjoyed a continuous evolution, and so therefore the preferred glyph shapes may be a matter of some conjecture. After consultation with a number of experts, I have settled on the simplest choice, namely to give these letters in reduced “small capital” form, so for the TURNED F in LAÒINIO, we have lowercase Laúinio, italic Laùinio, and for the HALF H in OLÚMPICUS we have lowercase Ol£mpicus, italic Olûmpicus.
    [Show full text]
  • Adaptations of the Latin Alphabet to Write Fragmentary Languages
    palaeoeuropean writing systems PALAEOHISPANICA 2020 | I.S.S.N. 1578-5386 revista sobre lenguas y culturas de la Hispania antigua DOI: 10.36707/palaeohispanica.v0i20.387 Adaptations of the Latin alphabet to write fragmentary languages Ignacio Simón Cornago Adaptaciones del alfabeto Università degli Studi di Tor Vergata (Roma) latino para escribir [email protected] lenguas fragmentarias Abstract: The aim of this paper is to offer an overview of the use of the Latin alphabet to write the so-called fragmentary languages of Italy and Western Europe during Antiquity. The Latin alphabet was created from an Etruscan model to write Latin, but was also used to record texts in other languages: Etruscan, Oscan, Umbrian, the minor Italic dialects, Faliscan, and Venetic in Italy; Gaulish in the Gauls and other provinces in the north of Europe; and, finally, Iberian, Celtiberian, and Lusitanian in the Iberian Peninsula. The use of the Latin alphabet to write the so-called fragmentary languages represents a step before complete Latinisation. In some regions the types of inscriptions analysed here are not simply intermittent uses of the alphabet to write the local language, but rather, there was genuine thought about the appropriateness of the system and, consequently, some changes were made such as the creation of new signs, the use of others that come from the epichoric alphabet, and also the development of some distinctive orthographic norms. Keywords: Latin alphabet. Latinization. Romanization. Fragmentary languages. Epichoric epigraphy. Bilingualism. Linguistic contacts. Writing systems. Resumen: El objetivo de este trabajo es ofrecer una síntesis sobre el uso del alfabeto latino para escribir las denominadas lenguas fragmentarias de Italia y el occidente de Europa durante la Antigüedad.
    [Show full text]
  • The Hermetic Codex
    J.W. Richter The Hermetic Codex The Winchester Bible, fol.120v. The story of Elijah being taken up to heaven. The images are public domain because their copyright has expired. 2 J.W. Richter The Hermetic Codex (A short Legend of Red, white and Blue) -2011- © 2011 J.W. Richter published by LULU All Rights Reserved ISBN: 978-1-4466-7333-1 4 Contents Introduction............................................................................10 Historical Overview in a contents table.................................34 20,000 BC: Gagarino, Ukraine..............................................38 5,000 BC: The god IU or IAO in Egypt................................39 4000 BC: The PIE-Concept...................................................40 2000 BC: The Bible...............................................................43 753 BC: Romulus...................................................................50 500 BC: The Celtic Grave at Hochdorf.................................51 380 BC: Athena-Aphaia Temple ..........................................53 380 BC: Plato's Banquet (Symposium).................................55 172 BC: Hermes Trismegistus..............................................57 124 BC: Hermes of Roquepertuse.........................................59 53 BC: The Gallic Wars - Julius Caesar.................................60 50 BC: Janus - Cicero............................................................63 ~30 AD: The Pharisees.........................................................64 98 AD: Germania – Tacitus....................................................65
    [Show full text]
  • Epidoc Cheatsheet
    Krummrey-Panciera sigla & Leiden+ & EpiDoc tags Gabriel Bodard 2011-11-26 For the full EpiDoc Guidelines see http://epidoc.sf.net/ Description K-P SEG DDbDP Leiden+ EpiDoc II Line/page breaks / 1. <lb n="1"/> etc. abc abc III.1 Clear text αβ αβγ αβγ abc abc III.2 Clear but incomprehensible letters ΑΒ =αβ= <orig>abc</orig> ABC III.3 Letters ambiguous outside of their ạḅc̣ α̣β̣ α̣β̣ α̣β̣ <unclear>αβ</unclear> context III.4 Vestiges of letters visible but illegible +++ ... ̣ ̣ ̣ .3 <gap reason="illegible" quantity="3" unit="character"/> III.5 Text visible to previous editor, but now abc <supplied reason="undefined" lost evidence="previouseditor">αβγ</supplied> -- Text restored by comparison with parallel αβγ _[αβγ]_ <supplied reason="undefined" copy evidence="parallel">αβγ</supplied> IV.1 Apices á é í ó ú a( ) <hi rend="apex">a</hi> etc. (app) ΄ IV.2 Supralinear lines a̅ b̅ c̅ α ¯α¯ <hi rend="supraline">abc</hi> IV.3 Claudian letters <g type="claudian_y"/> Unicode characters y, bs, ps, v or now IV.4 Ligatured letters ab͡ <hi rend="ligature">ab</hi> V.1 Erased abc αβ αβ αβ <del rend="erasure">αβ</del> 〚 〛 〚 〛 〚 〛 〚 〛 V.3 Erased and lost [...] ... [̣ ̣ ̣ ̣ ] [̣.3] <del rend="erasure"><gap reason="lost" quantity="3" 〚 〛 〚 〛 〚 〛 〚 〛 unit="character"/></del> VI.1 Text struck over erasure abc <add place="overstrike">αβγ</add> 《 》 Erased and overstruck or corrected <:γδ|subst|αβ:> <subst><del rend="corrected">αβ</del> (app) <add place="overstrike">γδ</add></subst> VII.1 Text added by ancient hand ` ´ \αβ/ \αβ/ <add place="above">αβ</add> abc VII.1 Text added by ancient hand /αβ\ //αβ\\ <add place="below">αβ</add> VIII.
    [Show full text]
  • Variation in Representation Through Architectural Benefaction Under Roman Rule: Five Cases from the Province of Asia C
    Durham E-Theses Variation in Representation through Architectural Benefaction under Roman Rule: Five Cases from the Province of Asia c. 40 B.C. A.D. 68 TOMAS, JULIA,MARGARET How to cite: TOMAS, JULIA,MARGARET (2020) Variation in Representation through Architectural Benefaction under Roman Rule: Five Cases from the Province of Asia c. 40 B.C. A.D. 68, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/13518/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 1 Variation in Representation through Architectural Benefaction under Roman Rule: Five Cases from the Province of Asia c. 40 B.C. – A.D. 68. Abstract This thesis explores a new approach to understanding the influence that Rome had on its provinces through a study of architectural benefactors and their buildings. It moves away from the process-centric approach which has been prevalent in scholarship since the mid nineteenth century.
    [Show full text]
  • Review Claudio Fra Roma E Lione
    Histos () xix–xxvii REVIEW CLAUDIO FRA ROMA E LIONE S. J. V. Malloch, The Tabula Lugdunensis : A Critical Edition with Translation and Commentary . Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, . Pp. xviii + . Hardback, £>./$.. ISBN >B--B-B-. scito quasi contemporaneamente al commento di Heinz Jakobs- meier,1 di cui non ha potuto tener conto, questo saggio dedicato a Uuno dei testi epigrafici latini più lunghi e famosi, si raccomanda per completezza, organicità e chiarezza di esposizione. Anche se su singoli punti si potrà dissentire dalle valutazioni dell’autore, dati e interpretazioni sono sempre debitamente distinti e presentati in tutta la loro problematicità. L’opera, che appare come il naturale compimento delle ricerche dedicate dall’autore all’undicesimo libro degli Annales di Tacito, 2 riserva pari attenzione agli aspetti linguistico-letterari e a quelli storici e storiografici. La prima parte (‘Introduction’, –), articolata in cinque capitoli, rias- sume in modo sintetico ma completo ed efficace gli aspetti archeologici ed epigrafici, il contesto storico, lo stile claudiano, i complessi rapporti inter- testuali con la riscrittura tacitiana del discorso di Claudio ( Ann . .–) e col discorso che Livio mette in bocca al tribuno Canuleio nel dibattito del a.C. (Liv. .–) e infine la struttura del discorso di Claudio. Segue l’edizione del testo, con una foto, un po’ piccola ma chiara (fig. , p. >), la riproduzione della trascrizione diplomatica di O. Hirschfeld in CIL .B (figg. –, pp. B–) e una trascrizione critica con apparato di note e traduzione a fronte (>–>). La sezione più ampia e significativa è naturalmente il commento (>–), cui seguono due appendici (I, ‘New Provincial Senators from Augustus to Nero’, –>; II, ‘Tacitus, Annals .–.: Text and Translation’, >–>) e ricchi indici analitici.
    [Show full text]