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Report on Impact Evaluation of Worth Literacy-Led Saving and Credit Program

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Report on Impact Evaluation of Worth Literacy-Led Saving and Credit Program USAID SIDA Report on Impact Evaluation of Worth Literacy-led Saving and Credit Program Submitted to Pact - Ethiopia Worth Women Empowerment A Pilot Project Implemented in program Amhara, Oromiya and SNNPR: Ethiopia 2006-2008 January, 2009 Addis Ababa DEPAC PLC Senidu Abebe Bahre H/selassie Mobile: 0911-24-28-09 Mobile: 0913-09-81-45 E_ mail [email protected] E_mail: [email protected] Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 1 Table of Contents Contents Page Executive Summary……………………………………………………………. 1 1. General Background and Program Context 1.1 Introduction …………………………………………………………….. 5 1.2 Purpose of the Evaluation……………………………………………….. 1.3 Significance of the Evaluation…………………………………………… 1.4 Assessment Criteria……………………………………………………… 8 1.5 Scope and Limitations of the Evaluation 9 1.6 Organization of the Report……………………………………………… 10 2. Methodology and Sampling Techniques 2.1 Selecting a Methodological Approach…………………………………… 11 2.2. Data Sources and Instruments …………………………………………. 12 2.3 Drawing the Sample for ………………………………………………… 12 2.4 Method of Data Analysis………………………………………………… 15 3. Evaluation Findings: The Group Study 3. 3.1 Worth Program Capacity Building Evaluations………………………….. 16 3.2 Relevance of the program……………………………………………….. 17 3.3 Group Saving and Credit Evaluation…………………………………….. 20 3.4 Evaluation of Group Loans …………………………………………….. 25 3.5 Evaluation of Group Collective Action …………………………………. 33 4. Evaluation Findings: The Individual Study 4.1 Background Characteristics of Households ……………………………… 37 4.2 The Literacy Component of Program……………………………………. 39 4.3 Worth Program and Children‘s Education……………………………….. 42 4.4 Worth Program and Gender Equality……………………………………. 44 4.5. worth Program and Village Bank: Saving and Credit…………………….. 47 2 4.6 Worth Program and Micro-enterprise Development……………………... 49 5. Networking and Sustainability 5.1 Connectedness ………………………………………………………...... 54 5.2 Program Sustainability…………………………………………………… 58 6. Conclusions …………………………………………………………………... 61 7. Challenges…………………………………………………………………….. 64 8. Recommendations…………………………………………………………… 65 Annexes ……………………………………………………………………. 67 3 List of Tables Tables Page Table 2.1: Number of Respondents by Woreda and Name NGO/Partner____________________________________________________ 14 Table 3.1: The Book the Groups Are Currently Studying by Name of the Partners (in %)_________________________________________ 20 Table 3.2: Descriptive Statistics on Groups Selected Variables_______________ 23 Table 3.3 Types of regular meetings ___________________________________ 23 Table 3.4: Comparison of Membership Stability__________________________ 24 Table 3.5: Number of groups established and disbanded in respondents kebeles_______________________________________________ 25 Table 3.6: Village Banks Activities____________________________________ 26 Table 3.7: Percentage of Amount of Saving by Name of NGOs _____________ 27 Table 3.8: Descriptive Statistics of Group Saving_________________________ 28 Table 3.9: Saving Status Categorized by NGOs__________________________ 31 Table 3.10: Groups Involvement in Collective Action__________________________________________________________ 34 Table 4.1: Respondents‘ background characteristics_______________________ 38 Table 4.2 : Reading Skill of Worth Members_____________________________ 40 Table 4.3 Educational Status of Worth Members_________________________ 41 Table 4.4: Number of Children Sent to School after Worth and Reasons_________________________________________________________ 43 Table 4.5: the worth Member‘s Decision Making Status after Worth__________________________________________________________ 45 Table 4.6: Voluntary saving status of Worth Members_____________________ 47 Table 4.7: Loan Status from the sample Respondents______________________ 49 Table 4.8: Kind of Businesses Worth Members Were Involved_______________ 50 Table 4.9: Sales compared to last year__________________________________ 51 Table 4.10: Reasons for Not Involving in Income Generating Activities________________________________________________________ 52 Table 5.1; Networking and Coordination among Groups and Other Stakeholders________________________________________________ 54 Table 5.2: Perception of Members on Strength of their Groups______________ 55 Table 5.3: Perception of Members on Sustainability of their Groups in Percentage______________________________________________ 56 4 ACRONYMS ACSI Amhara Saving and Credit Institution AGOHELD Abebech Gobena Yehetsanat Keebekabena Limat Dirijit Active Learning Network for Accountability and ALNAP Performance in Humanitarian Action ANFEAE Adult and Non-formal Education Association in Ethiopia APA Appreciative Planning and Action CBOs Community- Based Organizations CSOs Civil Society Organizations DAC Development Assistance Committee EDA Emanuel Development Association EMRDA Ethiopian Muslim‘s Relief and development Association ERSHA Ethiopian Rural Self-help Association EWs Empowerment Workers FGD Focus Group Discussion FP Focal Persons GBV Gender-Based Violence GOs Government Organizations HEWs Health Extension Workers HUNDEE Oromo Grass roots development imitative MCs Management Committees SIDA Sweden International Development Agency SNNPR South Nations, Nationalists and Peoples Region USAID United States Agency for International Development VBs Village Banks WSA Women Support Association Zema Safe Zema Setoch Lefitih Metebaber 5 Executive Summary Back ground of the Program Pact-Ethiopia is an international development non-profit organization that has been legally registered as an NGO with the Ministry of Justice in Ethiopia since 1996. It also holds an operational agreement with the Disaster Prevention and Preparedness Commission of the Country. Pact - Ethiopia capacitates the local or indigenous organizations as well as the communities they serve in the country. Pact does this across key sectors, i.e. Education, Health and HIV/AIDS, Democracy And Governance, Vulnerable Children, Livelihoods and Women‘s Empowerment, etc. Pact accomplishes this by strengthening the capacity of grassroots organizations, coalitions and networks and by forging linkages among government, business and the citizen sector to achieve social, economic and environmental justice. Women's empowerment issues are being addressed through two programs: Metebaber implemented through SIDA Cooperation and the WORTH initiative jointly funded by USAID and SIDA. Worth has become widely known as a program for the economic empowerment of women in several African countries, and there are ample evidences which showed success in empowering women and building the capacity of implementing grassroots organizations and NGOs. As it is mentioned above Worth, as a pilot project has been implemented in Ethiopia since January, 2006, is jointly funded by USAID and SIDA. Worth is found to be a ground-breaking model, rapidly- scalable and low-cost program focusing on literacy and socio-economic empowerment of women in 15 Woredas of Amhara, Oromiya and SNNP Regional States. Pact in collaboration with 9 Partner local NGOs has implemented self-managed savings and lending groups in the cited 15 selected rural Woredas. The objectives of the program were: Increase the income of 9,000 women in 15 selected rural Woredas of Oromiya, Amhara, and SNNP Regional States; 1 Increase the social interaction of and decision making role of targeted women in the selected areas through skill training, economic empowerment and networking. Methodology of Evaluation The combination of both quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection and analysis were considered in the study. The evaluation applied scientific sampling design in the sample selection process to reduce the probability of having a biased view of the subject women, using multistage probability sampling procedure that includes stratification, clustering, and unequal probabilities of selection. Furthermore, sample of Key Informants and FGD participants were selected using non- probability sampling designs mainly convenience sampling and judgmental methods. This has made to describe the target population adequately and make valid inferences for the Worth members. By using multi-stage sampling method around 930 Worth members were interviewed by applying standardized questionnaires. Likewise Key Informants and Focus Group Discussions were conducted with key and primary stakeholders, which substantiated the quantitative data obtained from the individual survey. One of the strengths of this evaluation was that it was highly appreciatory in approach and comprehensive in coverage. Major Findings of the Evaluation Worth Program has successfully organized around 9,000 women (100% of its plan), in more than 390 groups with an average of 23 members each during the survey. Pact has also achieved a significant result with regard to Partner‘s capacity-building in terms of hiring and training Focal Persons and Empowerment Workers though there are some variations in commitment and effectiveness of the Partners at the grass root level. Similar success was documented in production and distribution of different financial forms, formats and literacy materials to support Worth groups. The ease of recruiting groups into Worth program, realization of significant positive socio-economic impacts on Worth members, encouraging initiatives/support by stakeholders to promote the program indicated the relevance of the program and its appropriateness in the target Woredas. About 33.9% sample respondents were able to read and write from Worth program.
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