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THE TIMES OF , THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 26, 2019 Why Gandhi said no to British

India’s top cricket tournamentsunday times of india bengaluru , 0 sunday best september 29, 2019 ahatma Gandhi and cricket Hindu Gymkhana, calling for a with- drawal from the tournament, it had the sounds a bit odd to start with. As much as the spectacles and the spinning wheel, walking MThe Mahatma, never of any support of only 70 members of the Gym- keen athletic dis- was one of the most iconic aspectskhana. of Gandhi’s The total persona membership of the position, trying Gymkhana stood at 900. This resolution the seventeenth mhis handan at what was eventually passed by a small mar- commentary. classwas professional a colonial as captain. im- gin of 37 votes (280–243), particularly as A DALIT CONNECTION The West Indies only had Of ‘Silver Gandhi’ and The Mahatma a mark of regard for Gandhi. Gandhi began his crusade whiteport captains, to keep till 1960. the After may not have against untouchability with- decadesempire of injustice,together Frank Within a couple of weeks of Gandhi’s in a few years of arriving Worrell,wasn’t finest the of cricketers,most pronouncement against the Pentangu- played or followed from South Africa. On every noblest of men, became the occasion and at every forum, firstlogical black to thing captain to them. do. ahimsa for thelar, the police Maharajkumar of Vizianagram, the game but such Gandhi hammered away and AndYet, South he Africa,did have where one of the key patrons of cricket in co- was his leadership his speech at in De- Gandhi’shis run-ins lifelong fight with began Jayanth Kodkani lonial India, declared that, “Mahatma cember 1920,Boria asking Majumdar people to on the night of 7 June, 1893 of nation and banish this most sinful, inhu- atthe Pietermaritzburg gentleman’s Station? nce again we hear Gandhi has expressed unequivocally society, cricket man practice, was a water- Apartheidgame Southfrom Africa time was scholars decon- on communal cricket. He gave it as his shed moment. In 1920, the banned from the Olympics in struct Gandhi sto- considered opinion that communal- Hindusto team time, had aeventually trio of the 1964 playing even as theya serious continued ries, analysts split became a willing O ism carried into the domain of sport is finesthand cricketers in – theall three discontinuance playing rugby andof cricketthe hairs over his political stance ally in his struggle brothersBombay – from the Pentangular Dalit com- with tournament, white teams from the Aus - and followers sing the gospel no happy augury for human growth. It munity. Baloo Palwankar, the tralia, England and New Zea- of satyagraha and ahimsa. S Giridhar and VJ Raghunath eldest,foremost had already cricket made a tournamentland. Matters came in tocolo- a head Some talk only about his be- is high time that we gave Pentangular name fornial himself India, as a spinnerwhere whenteams MCC were selected named Basil liefs. Others take a deeper cricket the burial it always deserved.” y all accounts, includ- of greatafter ability. communities: He had gone D’Oliveira Hindus, (a Muslims, mixed race look at the man who said his Other princes concurred. Following ing his own autobiog- with the All India team to South African who had be- “life is an open book.” raphy, Gandhi kept EnglandParsis, in 1911 Europeansand was out- andcome thea UK Rest. citizen) for their From the ninety volumes them, P Subbaraon, the BCCI president, more than a fair dis- standing Kausikon that tour Bandyopadhyay with 1968-69 tour in to hisSouth work Africa. of his collected works to the declared, “Now that Mahatmaji has spo- tance between him- over a“Mahatma 100 wickets. Even on at the his Pitch”Vorster, puts the it South nicely, African “It millions of words others have ken, I feel free to say that the authori- selfB and sports. A reluctant peak, because of his caste, Premier, threatened to not written about him makes for Little satyagrahis: The young still rate Gandhi, and often evince a participant at school in the Baloois was interesting never made tocap explore- allow MCCthe illusions to play if itof in - massive trove of Gandhiana, healthy curiosity of the manties who sacrificed will be so doing much for the India right thing if they compulsory games, he never tain; lessera sporting players fromGandhi, the whocluded played D’Oliveira. little MCC but re - but there are ordinary as well abandon communal cricket.” was convinced that sports upper caste were made cap- fused to budge and called off as wondrous aspects about the a “silver-painted Gandhi” told of him as a walker. He who should occupy much of school tain. observed,Now in 1920, told he alsoor wrote the tour.a bit In about 1970, Southsports Af - Lalaman Amarnath you might have scored read ina brillianta news photographer241 for in theThe didn’t Pentangular tire of walking, thewas el- eventually curriculum. As for adults, he foundin himself general out and of cricketthe rica in was particular.” banished from in- theregular Hindus news in columns. the 1938 Pentangular.late 1980s. This He was a manabolished like ders in in my January village used 1946to say.” making way could never understand the team. His brothersMore than Vittal anda player, ternational young cricket. Gandhi It wasji and Aseveral workshop other on ahimsa players for boycottedmany we have the seen, ubiquifor -theSometimes Ranji Trophy foot-cramps as would India’s foremost time and effort they invested Shivram opted out in protest. only when South Africa lift- the Brazilian police, for exam- tous at fairs and exhibitions strike Nagaraju because of in this pastime and believed Theirwas team a lost much-respected the first ed apartheid umpire,The Times Of Indiaand - Delhi,an initiated 9/26/2019 as- Croppedtournament pageple. This report,Page: AA4after which Gandhi’s ap- across call the country, “imper- fatigue and dehydration, but it occupied an unnecessarily match.pect The PJof Hindu his Gymchildhood- steps for peared over sonating” Gandhi. Call him he stood frozen. large space in their lives. khanahighlighted management observed by Pyarelal racial in- a decadematch. ago, I understandNagaraju, a man this in his fifties,The TimesIn South of Africa, India, Gandhi Dec 7, 1940 signing up: The MCC team autographs, with Gandhi’s signature. this, saw the public support tegration said the idea hired by organisers of an ex- had set up Tolstoy Farm, THE AUTOGRAPH (Right) The India-SA Freedom Trophy for matches between India for thein Dalit his cricketers biography and ofand the demo - wasas toa markhu- hibition of grief as a liveover model of the about 20 miles away from Jo- And therefore, it is per- and South Africa, with Gandhi and Mandela’s images reinstatedMahatma Baloo and publishedhis cratic non GANDHI@ manizethe arrests the leader. and Everything impris- about him hannesburg. He frequently haps a most delicious piece of brothers. Vittal Palwankar – racial force. Gan- – the loin cloth, the watch had to leave the commune to our history, that in an auto- we believe he more than he arrived in India. His was a was madein captain1965. in“On 1923 and moonlit govern - dhianonments follow- ofhanging the satyagra- by the left side of his practise law in the city and so, graph book that had the sig- made up. constant battle–cry (since the when nights,the Hindus parties won theof Hindument that inghis, in Brazil more waist,especially the round-rimmed the walked the distance. Even in natures of the 16 cricketers of When people speak of Gan- apostle of non-violence has tournament,and Muslim he was carried boys assem-they re- isn’trecent un arrest- spectacles of leaders.” and the staff – his sixties, he chose to travel the MCC team that toured dhi and cricket, the story of called himself a commander on the shoulders of the other entered known to us, on foot, be it during monsoon India in 1933, the Mahatma the pernicious cricket tourna- in some context, our use of membersbled of thethere team. from differ-interna- thanksHe went onSOFT to add, COP “I Y or in the heat of May. Histo- has autographed it, nominat- ment called the Quadrangular the phrase battle-cry should ent quarters of thetional city mainlywould to discountenance rian Ram Guha quotes what ing himself as the seven- established by the British of- be alright) imploring the two and played games forcricket. an 150 thesuch efforts amusementsof made for the atfamiliar a image he wrote to Kasturba: “One teenth player of an English- ten comes up. The tourna- major communities to em- Fittingly, the first tour by the disciples like Lia Diskin, an of Gandhi. Except that his cannot propagate dharma by man’s party. Apparently, ment, as fans know, had four brace the spirit of living to- hour or so after dinner.reinstated He South (Gandhi Africaji was) timeArgentinian when whothe founded whole the ofbody the was thinking smeared with silver travelling in train or cars, nor Laxmi Merchant, sister of teams based on their religious gether. Though the Ranji Tro- did not participate into Gandhi’sthem but India loved in 1991.to worldPala Atenashould organisation be in mourning in paint, over so when a war he stood mo- in bullock carts. That can be India’s legendary opening affiliations contesting for a phy came into being in 1934, The two countries now play Sao Paulo, and thinks non- tionless for minutes at vari- done only on foot.” batsman Vijay Merchant, had trophy. Hindus, , Mus- as a result of a rising demand offi ciate as umpire andfor a trophysaw to that it thatis called the the thatviolence is threatening is a “continuous the edu -stableous corners, life of you Eu- could mis- It was “overwork and ex- gone to him with the book, a lims and Europeans were pit- for a state based tournament, rules of the game wereGandhi very – Mandela strictly Trophy. ob- ropecational and process”. its civilisation But ahimsa andtake whichhim for a bids statue. cessive travel” that had weak- page of which contained the ted against each other. It later the Quadrangular and later served by those who engagedIndia’s first in greatthem.” crick- tofor overwhelm policemen? Gandhians Asia. ... say And holdingAnd so, Nagaraju this enjoyed ened Gandhi and in April Englishmen’s autographs. also became the Pentangular, the Pentangular continued to eter, the man with magic it’s about the core idea of non- playing statue and posing for 1927, when he was diagnosed Gandhi, instead of signing on upon the inclusion of a fifth be played. In 1940, the socio- It was only whenwrists the and inventorParsi ofhead- the leg viewaggression I naturally and non-exploita welcome- photographers.the movement He was a with high blood pressure and another leaf, stays with the team called ‘the rest’, com- political tensions were so master of his schoolglance, at Rajkot, Ranji, was Dorabji born in fortion. stopping Policemen needthe to knowforthcoming rather gaunt match man, living apoplexy. Doctors advised him page that has sixteen English prising players belonging to heightened that people ques- Edulji Gimi, madeGandhi’s participation own , com- just fromas much the as narrow children. standpointalone I havein a one-room men- shack just rest and he was brought to cricketers’ autographs and other religions. Despicable as tioned the wisdom of holding three years after Gandhi. Vi- The young are among away from the city and doing Nandi Hills, near Bangalore, writes, No. 17 and signs it M the tournament was in its con- such inter-community tour- pulsory in cricket andnoo Mankad,gymnastics one ofthat the tionedthose who above.’ regard Gandhi. At odd jobs for people of his vil- where he stayed for six weeks. K Gandhi. ception, for the cricket loving naments. While some teams Gandhiji was forcedworld’s to play greatest these all-rounders sports. a Itday-long was only seminar after in Ben this- statementlage. There werethat only two Nagaraju had heard right. What does one make of Maharashtrians, Parsis and wanted to play, the Hindus ever, was from these parts. As galuru last week in which things he did well: play Gan- Gandhi’s extensive travels, that? We believe this was Gujaratis, it was a wrenching were definitely uncomforta- This is evident fromwas his Amar autobiography Singh, a fine swing hesome went leading on to scholars condemn par- thedhi at communal events and sing bhajans like no leader has done, Gandhi’s impish humour at compromise to watch these ble. The management of PJ where he writes, “Ibowler. never Two took of India’s part finestin organisationticipated, students of and the young tournament,- and these he adid de- well enough brought him in touch with vil- its best. A child-like prank on games, because they loved Hindu Gymkhana, home to any exercise, cricketcricketers or football, in the before current nunciationsters formed a sizablegiven part much of to publicitysustain himself. in When the lage India. The Silver Gandhi the one hand and a superb cricket. the Hindus’ team, went to the LASTING INFLUENCE team – Cheteshwar Pujara the attendees. Among the oth- photographer asked him what would have been pleased to political signal on the other, Mahatma for advice; should Elsewherethey were in the world made too, compulsory.”and Ravindra JadejaLater – inalso theers contemporary were senior citizens, press. but itThe was Timesabout Gandhi of that he hear of a nugget about Gan- that he was against British FIVE SIDES the Hindus team participate discriminationhis life andhe didprejudice agree belongthat “physical to Saurashtra. train- We can Indiaconspicuously carried missing a front were page could report identify on De- with, he dhi’s love for idlis. A report rule and not against the Brit- It is in this context that we in such a tournament? Gan- has tarnisheding should sports have and ascompile much a strongplace XI in from the Sau - cemberthe “middle-aged”, 7, 1940, withas a speak the- followingshrugged off head- the querydomestic say- from tournamentHyderabad in January, and this was pos- ish people. Humour and wit describe the two serious dhi said that he found it to- cricket. In England, the upper rashtra but are certain that er noted. During question- ing, “I can never do so, nor can 1963 quoted Union food min- was a precious strand that ‘cricket’ interventions that tally unacceptable that any class amateurcurriculum cricketers as were mental because training.” his home team is line:time, Mr a youngster Gandhi suddenly Against Pentangularmany of us. I have only heardsible isterto a SK large Patil saying, measure “a fact because of Gandhi always clasped, never Gandhi made. He might have competition could pit religion called ‘gentlemen’Gandhi whileji, however, the strong, did theleave Mahatma a lasting would brokeYet, into there “Vaishnava was no jana waning- legends of aboutinterest him. Every Gandhi day notji known’s pronouncements to many was that against letting go. He had after all not been a player, or even a against religion. PJ Hindu paid working class cricketers align himself with the state into…” the toPentangular a mildly surprised matches. I do my Confi pranam rm- to his photothe Pentangular.he used to take four or five said in all seriousness, “I fan, but such was his leader- Gymkhana listened to the Ma- were impressioncalled ‘players’. on They Indian that cricketputs up whenthe weakest he but pleased audience. Over and think of him as the last idlis a day.” Patil, addressing would commit suicide if I did ship and the sweep of his hatma and withdrew from the had separateweighed dressing in roomson the team.Bombay Pentangu- inglunch this, later, the another Times student of Indiagod who reported walked this earth.More the Andhrarecently Pradesh in ChamAugust- 2015 the not have sense of humour.” views on nation and society, tournament that year. The and anlar. annual On fixturebeing called met by a select delegation Gandhi’sasked his friend,statement “What thewas dayThere’s after: only “With one way I undercricket- bers boards of Commerce of India and Indus and- South Af- As cricket lovers we might that the game in India listened tournament without them Gentlemen versus Players too. * S Giridhar and VJ Raghu- the key to Gandhi’s under- stand him. And that’s about try, said Gandhi thought the wish Gandhi had demonstrat- to him. Gandhi’s crusade for went limp, had little public 75 yearsof afterthe playingHindu their Gymkhana nath are at colleagues Wardha at Azimin Bombay’sstanding of greatIndia?” annual cricketthe walking. festival When I standrica like havepopular named South theIndian trophy break- awarded for ed a little more affection for communal harmony and am- interest and All India Radio first TestDecember match, England 1940, inGandhi Premji had University. remarked, They team onlyPart a fewof the days answer ahead, to that thea statue, Pentangu- walk some distancethe India-Southfast food was “harmlessAfrica bilateraland series that game but as lovers of wit ity started almost as soon as also withdrew their running 1952, finally“Numerous had a working enquiries haveup been to write made on cricket. as larquestion fever perhaps is at liesits inheight, what and a heightstand still that again, I thinkas the easily Gandhi-Mandela digestible.” Trophy and it to my opinion on the proposed Pentangu- has rarely been attained before. Large is fi tting that the two countries are cur- lar cricket match in Bombay advertised crowds watched all the three trial rently playing for this trophy as India to be played on the 14th. I have just been matches played over the weekend.” celebrates the 150th birth anniversary PLAYING THE PARTmade aware ofBa the movement and to stop the Bapu’sWhen a resolution was tabled Birthplace at the of the Mahatma. [email protected] Vemagal WhoKathiawar referred and to is impossible to negotiate the n Wednesday, the country cel- Somashekar When Jinnah refused tocrowded say and congested ‘Mahatma’ streets: ebrates the 150th birth anni- Porbandar are much one will likely get lost! An added he 76-year-old author and Gandhi as Mahatma he Indian National Congress met at Nagpur in December 1920. By then, versary of the Mahatma Gan- advantage is that the autowallas columnist is a famous figure dhi, the father of the nation. T morefor than the names fi rst intime? Tit had become customary to refer to Gandhiknow as the‘Mahatma’ best eating places in O in the Karnataka history circle While many celebrate the occasion, the area! – little joints tucked with his in-depth knowledge of history textbooks, and Gandhi. Mohammad Ali Jinnah referred to Gandhi as Mr Gandhi. there are a few who live the moment as away and run by families which Bengaluru’s past. Passionate the Mahatma itself. This anniversary, Maulana Mohammad Ali, leader of the Khilafatserve movement, delicious food at reason- BAPU about , Gandhi’sKhan birthplace Abdul Gaffar is Khan STOI takes a look at the men well-known requested Jinnah to refer to Gandhi as Mahatma.able rates, Many plus delegates the drivers take Vemagal Somashekar believes KATHA to Bengaluru through their Gandhi act. well worth a visit one through shortcuts to the it is an honour to be clad as the also shouted and asked Jinnah to say ‘Mahatma Gandhi.’ As Jinnah Lokmanya Tilak various tourist spots. legend, so he never misses the Devika Murthy persisted, a section of the audience started shouting,Porbandar ‘Sit boasts down.’ of a bird chance. A picture-perfect Augustine D’Almeida sanctuary where flamingos imitator of Gandhi, Somashekar Still Jinnah persisted. Gandhi then stood up and said; “I am not a Mahatma. I senseRabindranath of history Tagore is converge in their thousands orn in Goa, 74-year-old Augustine is often considered as the best inevitable as one ap- am an ordinary man. By coercing Jinnah saheband to the a waterparticular bodies choice become ofa word, D’Almeida is often referred to as the man to the play the role and B proaches the building blur of crimson as they feed ‘travelling Gandhi’. Almeida appears for always has an invitation for Irwin you are not doing me honour. We can not win real freedom by forcing our views where it all began for and breed, amongst herons, various social causes across the country October 2. A upon others. As long as there is nothing objectionable or derogatory in a man’s one of the most famous figures pelicans, seagulls, cormorants including Bengaluru, clad as the It was in 2015 he first QUIZ of the twentieth century, who language he is at liberty to think or say whateverand other he likes migratory about avians. others.” This

Mahatma. He has travelled across the dressed up as Gandhi for an event hosted at the Metro gallery on MG Road

went on to play such a major has a tremendously Answer: country, and his mission is to popularize where he sat down for a few hours in the pose. From then on it was no Tagore Rabindranath pacifi ed the delegates. role in India’s Independence long coastline of a 1,000 miles Gandhi’s principles. stopping for the veteran historian who has even walked as Gandhi in a Movement, and who with the (From RN (amountingChaudhari’s to almost “Bapu a aswhop I Saw- Him”) An underwater welder, D’Almeida procession along with school kids. This year too, he is gearing up to play the help and support of millions ping 25% of the country’s began his social journey after his role of the person he admires the most. retirement in 2001. He often visits of ordinary but brave citizens maritime border!) and Por- Bengaluru dressed as Gandhi. His S K Ganganna and self-sacrificing leaders, bandar is one of the important recent appearances include the finally won freedom from the ports on its route. Though busy, protest at the All Saints Church he late S K Ganganna, well-known as British. it has beautiful beaches and premises against the chopping TGandhi Ganganna, was a freedom The modest town of Por- striking stretches of sand, but of trees for Metro Rail work in fighter who later took up Gandhi imitation bandar would probably never that makes it hot and humid mid-August and the protest because of his love for Bapu and when his have made it to international even in winter! How the world regulates fakePorbandar is also news, known as against the I Monetary fellow villagers talked to him about attention had it not been the Advisory (IMA) financial his natural resemblance to the birthplace of Gandhi, and in Sudamapuri, as Krishna’s dear scam in support of the Mahatma. an interesting coincidence of friend, Sudama is supposed to city victims in July. In the 80s and 90s, Gandhi Kasturbai as well. have come from there. A tem- The septuagenarian’s Ganganna was a household A coastal city on the western ple dedicated to him has an Gandhi act began ten name in Bengaluru and the rest misinformationKathiawar Peninsula and the Shrine now: The ancestral house on of Gandhi family, social where unique maze,media walking through years ago when a of the state due to his eye- capital of a small princely state Mahatma Gandhi was born, is next door to Kirti Mandir, the which, it is believed makes school girl near his catching presence at in the dur- house kept in memory of the Mahatma and Kasturba Getty Imagesone’s sins disappear! home in told government events, ing the British Rule, Porbandar The story of Sudama has a him that he looks like Independence Day n Tuesday,saw both Ba and Bapu being to Africa and the Middle East. repainted several times over. poignantSingapore truth that if we hum- the Mahatma. Those celebrations and of course born in the same year less than Today, their respective resi- The place is clean and the bly offer➤ somethingA draft law to the proposes Lord, words were Gandhi Jayanthi. He is forgotten Othe Supremesix months apart! And married dences regularly attract visi- sparse artifacts arranged ex- He will not rest {pun intended!} encouragement to today and the internet does not in their budding teens in a tra- tors and the birthplace has actly as they were then. His in debt,jail but term return of upthe tofavour 10 D’Almeida who soon have any reference to him. Court gave ditionalthe arranged by been turned into a Museum parents’ portraits adorn one ten oryears a thousandfold for those as who was spread But a lot is known of this their parents. called ‘Kirti Mandir’. A few wall and a charkha is obvi- witnessed by his close compan- became a Baapu imitator government online falsehoods to harm public and began travelling Gandhian from the 1998 edition On October 2, 1869, an afflu- steps off the road opens out ously on display. ion, the simple Sudama, who on across the country. As part Kannada book on Karnataka three weeksent to Hindu fi le an Baniya family onto a large courtyard of an Behind these premises about reachinginterest home was stunned to of perfecting his act, in freedom fighters titled ‘Sathyagrahi welcomed Mohandas Gandhi impressive cream coloured a hundred metres away and sur- behold a fabulous mansion in early 2019, he visited the Nenapugalu’ (Memories of the affi davit withas the a fourthdefi nite son of his father’s structure, around which are rounded by sundry dwellings lieu of➤ his Social mud hut media and won sites- face fi nes Bamboo Bazaar in Satyagrahis) penned by well-known timeline forfourth framing wife Putlibai – all the myriad framed photographs lies Kasturba’s house, construct- deredof whether up to heS$1 had million taken a (Rs 5 crore) Shivajinagar to purchase a Kannada poet-writer D Lingaiah. former spouses having sadly with informative captions ed in a similar way with the wrong turn and landed up in Dwarakafor again!failing to act against such cane for the Gandhi Born in 1917 in Tiptur taluk in guidelines ondied social prematurely... media but leaving showcasing Gandhi’s entire bath, kitchen and bedrooms be- walking stick. Sadly, the Tumakuru, Ganganna took part in the behind two daughters. His fa- life, and a superb library has ing in the style of those days and Anothercontent. lovely Individuals temple made can also be freedom struggle and was to control thether spread Karamchand of and grand- all his books neatly organised. now maintained by the govern- of marble with exquisite carv- stick went missing when he asked to alter or remove their participated in the IMA imprisoned. In 1969, Tiptur had a fake news. fatherThe directiveUttamchand were Prime A doorway to the left off the ment. More prominence could ings is the Hari Mandir dedi- event and he had to centenary celebration of Mahatma ministers (dewans) to the Ra- circular corridor takes one to be given to the latter consider- cated poststo Krishna’s and could Guru Sagebe fi ned up to purchase another one. Gandhi in which villagers urged comes in thejput wake Rajas of the dy- the three-storied green-win- ing her contribution and the Sandipani,S$20,000 and there (Rs is 10 the lakh) Hu- and jailed Augustine D’Almeida Ganganna to dress-up as Gandhi due to his striking resemblance to the nasty and temporary advisers dowed house and the actual lane leading to it could be much zoor Palace and a planetarium icon. The procession he headed as Gandhi was a turning point and from visits the Mahatma’s recent incidentsin of violence too. room (among 22!) on the swachh! aptly namedup to Tara12 months Mandir to if see. they fail to then on, he became an integral part of various events including Kannada birthplace in Porbandar, Earlier on April 11, 1869, ground floor where Gandhi A word of advice – while ex- Gandhi’s 150th Anniversary Rajyotsavas, exhibitions and state events as Baapu. His fame landedfuelled him by online rumours comply Gujarat every year on October 2. Kastur[i] had come into the was born. A narrow wooden ploring and sightseeing, it is is doubtless notable and the roles in Kannada movies and television serials, all featuring him as Gandhi. This year too, he has planned world as the child of Vrajkun- staircase to the upper levels is prudent and practical to leave people of Porbandar and the He was decorated with the Kannada Rajyotsava Award in 1992and for fakebeing videos. A look at the journey verba and Gokuldas Kapadia, a quite steep, but everything is one’s vehicle in a designated nation will certainly remem- part of the freedom movement and his social message as a Gandhi dressed as Gandhi. how some countriesprosperous cotton are merchant kept like it was a century and parking space (no fee!) and move ber the mission of the man impersonator, the book notes. who exported clothes and grains a half ago, albeit repaired and around in local rickshaws, as it who wasGermany the Mahatma. tackling the crisis ➤ Germany’s NetzDG applies to companies with more than two Malaysia European Union million registered users in ➤ Malaysia was among ➤ In April, the Council of the European Union passed the country. The law requires the fi rst countries to directives to change copyright laws and hold online companies to review complaints pass an anti-fake news platforms responsible for infringements by its users about content and remove law last year ➤ The law has been hailed as a victory for protecting anything illegal within 24 hours ➤ Spreading fake news draws intellectual property that is frequently stolen and ➤ Individuals face fi nes of a fi ne of 500,000 Malaysian misused online up to €5m (Rs 40 crore) and ringgits (Rs 85 lakh) or up to ➤ The law applies to social media, internet service corporations up to €50m (Rs 400 six years in jail providers and search engines crore) for failing to comply

Australia France Russia China ➤ A law passed ➤ Last October, ➤ A March 2019 ➤ China already earlier this year France passed two law punishes blocks most social introduced penalties up to anti-fake news laws individuals and media sites and internet 10% of a company’s turnover following allegations of companies for spreading services like Twitter, Google and up to three years in Russian interference in the fake news and information and WhatsApp prison for tech executives for 2017 presidential election that “disrespects” the state ➤ The country has thousands failing to remove social media ➤ The laws allow candidates ➤ Publication found to of cyber police personnel content depicting terrorism, and political parties to spread fake news face fi nes who monitor social media murder, rape or other serious seek court injunctions to of up to 1.5 million rubles and screen content the crimes prevent the publication of (Rs 16 lakh). Insulting state government considers ➤ Failure to comply draws false information, and give symbols and authorities politically sensitive. The fi nes of up to A$168,000 (Rs the French broadcasting draw fi nes of up to 300,000 government outright censors 80 lakh) for individuals or authority take any network rubles (Rs 3 lakh) and certain content, such as A$840,000 (Rs 4 crore) for spreading misinformation 15 days in jail for repeat references to the 1989 corporations off the air offenses Tiananmen Square incident