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Home , Kashmiri language, Kheda district, Konkani language, Parsis, Sanghani, Sindhi language

CENSUS OF 1991

A

PORTRAIT . 01" POPULATION

GUJARAT

OIRf:CTORA IE OF CENSUS OPERATIONS , AHMADABAD 67' 61' 72' ~ ______~N~' ______~7r5' __,

BOUNOAilIES: INT£RNAT~NAL""." ... STATE/UNIONTERRITORY GUJARAT ~STR~L .... . TALUKA .. ... 25' 21' ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS 1991 A Kms,Q 30 60 90 I2OKms, ~1iIIi H=+ I I

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.APITIl tOISTRICTllElDQUARTERI rnu OTAlUKAHEAOQUARTERl IDAMAN! DIU)

WH~REYER THE NAME OF ADISTRICT / rAlU~A DIFFERS fRe'ITSHEiOQUARTERI TOWN NA', THE FORMER APPEARS \IIlfHIN BRAl:~E'5, ~!, Alil'i~ rr~E OANGS), RIt.JPIPlA INANDOOI

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PAGE

FOREWORD XV PREFACE XVII A<.XNOWLEDGEMEl' rs XIX FJGUR.Es AT A GLANCE. XXI CHMTERI

I INntODUcnON 1 n HOW MANY ARE WE? 15 m VILLAG~ DWELLERS AND TOWN DWELLERS 101 IV ARE THE NUMBER OF MEN AND WOMEN BALANCED? 147

V HOW MANY OF US CAN. READ AND WRITE ? 178

VI lANGUAGES WE SPEAK 219

VB REUGION WE FOLLOW 237 vm SCHEDULED CASTES AND SCHEDULED 263 IX HOW MANYOF US WORK? 290

X FEknLfIY LEVELS AND TRENDS 317 XI MOVEMENT OF PEOPLE 346 XU SUMMARY 366

LIST OF STATEMENTS

Statement Cllapter II Page

II. 1 Grouping of districts by population size in 19 ranges descending order

11.2 The area and Population of all States and Union 23 Territories and their percentage to total national area and population

II. 3 Distribution of talukas of Kacbcbb district by 28 population size ranges

11.4 Distribution of talukas of Janmagar district by 30 population size ranges

II. 5 Distribution of talukas of Banas Kantha district 31 by population size ranges

11.6 Distribution of talukas of district by 32 population size ranges

11.7 Distribution oftalukas ofBbavnagar district by 33 population size ranges

II. 8 Distribution of talukas of Junagadb district by 34 population size ranges

11.9 Distribution of talukas of 36 by population size ranges

II. 10 Distribution of talukas of Bbaruch district by 37 population size ranges

II. 11 Distribution oftalukas ofMahesana district by 38 population size ranges

III D.12 Distribution of talulc.as of Panch Mabals district 39 by population size ranges

D.13 Distribution of talulc.as of Ahmadabad district 41 by pop~on size ranges D.14 Distribution of talukas of district by 42 population size ranges

D.IS Distnbution of talukns of district by 43 population size ranges

D: 16 Distribution of talukas of Sabar Kantha district 44 by population size ranges n.17 Distributionoftalulc.as ofKheda district by 45 population size ranges

D. IS Distribution oftalulc.as of by 47 population size ranges n.1.9 Distribution oftalukas of district by 48 population size ranges

11.20 Districts arranged by geographical siZe in 57 descending order with its population size ranking and density n.21 Diatribution of talulc.as of Kacbchh district by 60 density ranges n.22 .pistribution oftalukas of district by 61 density ranges n.23 Distribution oftalukas of Banas Kantha district 62 by density ranges n.24 -Distribution of talukas of by 63 density ranges n.25 Distribution oftalukas ofBhavnagar district by 64 density ranges

IV II. 26 Distribution of talukas of district by 65 density ranges

II. 27 Distribution of talukas of Surendranagar district 66 by density ranges

II. 28 Distribution of talukas of district by 67 density ranges

II. 29 Distribution oftalukas of Mahesana district by 69 density ranges

II. 30 Distribution of talukas of Panch Mahals district 70 by density ranges

II. 31 Distribution of talukas of Ahmadabad district 71 by density rang~s

II. 32 Distribution of talukas of by 72 density range"

II. 33 Distribution of talukas of by 73 density ranges

II. 34 Distribution of talukas of Sabar Kantha district 74 by density ranges

II. 35 Distribution oftalukas ofKheda district by 75 density ranges II. 36 Distribution of talukas of Amreli district by 76 density ranges n.37 Distribution of talukas of by 76 density ranges

II. 38 Census houses and households of all districts of 84 Gujarat State

v 11.39 Average size of household for 88 TotaVRurallUrban in 1981 and 1991

II. 40 Growth of population of India 1901-1991 93

11.41 Districtwise growth rate since 1901 97

Chapter III

III. 1 Percentage of Rural and Urban Population from 101 1901 to 1991

III. 2 Percentage of Urban Population to Total 104 Population in Statesronion Territories, 1991

1II., The largest villages in the State 110

III. 4 Districtwise distribution of villages by size 112 class of rural occupied residential houses

III. 5 Distribution of towns by population range 116 classification, 1991

III. 6 Distribution of urban population by size class 128 of towns in Gujarat with variation since 19J1

III. 7 Growth rates of population in towns by size 130 dass, 1901-1991 (in percentage)

III. 8 Distribution of towns and population by size i31 class of towns and their percentagt> to total number of towns 'and total urban population in the State, 1991 Ill. 9 Distribution of towns by population rang~ 134 classification from 1901 to 1991

VI III. 10 Urban Agglomerations together with their 139 cpnstituent units, 1991

CHAPTER IV

IV. 1 Talukawise Sex ratio of Ahmadabad and 155 districts IV. 2 Talukawise sex ratio of Vado dar a and Bharuch 157 districts IV. 3 Talukawise sex ratio of Surat and VaJsad 158 districts IV. 4 Sex ratio in Total, Rural and Urban areas of the 161 districts. 1991

IV. 5 Disb"icts having rural sex ratio more than 950 162

IV.6 Districts having rural sex ratio less than 950 163

IV. 7 ~nmge~butionof~of 166 Gujarat and other selected Staates of InJia by broad age-groups; 1991 IV. 8 Percentage distribution of population of 172 Gujarat by sex and broad age-groups, 1991

IV. 9 Distribution of population by sex and marital 174 status in Gujarat - 1991

IV. 10 Sexwise percentage distribution of population 178 by quinquennial age-group and marital status - 199J

CHAPTERV

V.l Rates, 1951-91 17~

V.2 The literacy rates by sex in States and 182 Union Territories, 1991

VlI V.3 The Effective Literacy Rates by Sex in States 189 and Union Territories, 1991

V.4 States and Union T errimrics arranged in the 191 order of literacy ranking in 1991 CCllSUS and comparison (l iteracy population aged 7 years and above) V.5 The effective rates in the districts, 1991 193

V.6 Descending order of the district having higher 197 female literacy growth as compared tu that of State V.7 Change in literacy percentages for Rural and 200 Urban areas of districts during 1981-1991

V.8 Sex-wise liceracy percentages of the cities of 209 Gujarat, 1991 V.9 Talukas in the Stdk having literacy below 30 210 per cent, 199 i

V.1O Talukas in the State having 1Jteracy more than 212 55 per cent, 1991

V.ll Number of talukas classified by literacy 214 percentage ranges, 1991

V.l2 Persons attending school/college, classified by 216 age-groups in Gujarat. 1991

CHAPTER VI

VI. 1 Statement showing the speakers of household 220 PART A population by language mainly spoken in the household (inclusive of variants grouped under each) specified in schedule VIII to the

VIII VI. 1 Statement showing the speakers ofhollsehold 221 PARTB population by language mainly spoken in the household (inclusivt: 0fvanants where grouped) other than those specified m Schedule VIII to the Constitution of India VI. 2 Number of speakers of languages (specified in 223 thl! Eight Schedule of Constitution of India) and their percentage to the population of the State, 1991 VI. 3 10 most numerically important mother tongues 225 of the State arranged in descending order according to the number of speakers and their percentage to total population, 1991 V14 Three numerically strongest mother tongues 233 with their percentage's to total population returned in each City of the State, 1991

CHAPTER VII

VII. 1 Distribution ofPopulatlon by major religion in 238 India andGujarat, 1991

VII. 2 Percentage of Religious Communities to total 243 population of the districts arranged in descending order, 1991 VU.3 Distribution of major religions between Rural 249 and Urban areas in the State, 1991

VII. 4 Number of followers of religions and their 251 ·percentage to total population of CitiesiU.As., 1991. VII. 5 Ranking of Cities of the State according to the 255 proportion of Muslim population to total population, 1991 VIl.6 R.aoking of Cities of the State to the proportion 257 of Hindu population to total populatioJ" 1991

IX VII. 7 10 largest towns next to Cities in the State 258 arranged in descending order according to their populatIOn, 1991 VII. 8 ~umber of , and Jains and 259 theIr percentages to total population of each of the 10 largest towns next to Cihes of the State, 1991 VII. 9 Decadal GrO\.\th of Major Reltgions 260 Communities. 1981-1991

CHAPTER VIII

VIII. 1 Population of Scheduled Castes, its percentage 166 to total general population and their percentage dIstribution between rural and urban areas of the distnct~ ; 991 VIII. 2 Population of Scheduled Tribes, its percentage 269 to total general populatIOn and theIr percentage distribution between mral and urban areas (If the districts, 1991 VIII. 3 Population and its percentage to total 274 Scheduled Caste population and total populatIOn (If the State of the remaining nine Scheduled Castes next to the three numerically important Scheduled Castes groups In the State. 1991 VIII. 4 Population and its percentage to total 276 Scheduled population and total population of the State of 7 Scheduled Trib(.'s having population more than 100.000 and next to above four numencally strongest Scheduled Tribe groups in the State, 1991

Vlll.5 Population and its percentage to total 277 Sch~duled Tribe population and total population of the State of the six Scheduled Tribes haVIng population in be{\\(.'en 10.000 and 100,000.19QI

\ VIII. 6 Total/ RurallUrban and sexwise distribution of 280 literacy percentages of Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe population of the State, 1991

VIII. 7 Distribution of districts as per literacy rates of 282 Scheduled Castes above or below the State level average, 1991

VIII. 8 Distribution of districts as per literacy rates of 285 Scheduled Tribes above or below the~' te level average, 1991

CHAPTER IX

IX. 1 Categorywise number and percentage of main 294 workers to total main workers and to total population of the State, 1991

IX. 2 DistJibution of main \\orkers by sex and 298 between rural and urban areas, 1991

IX. 3 Categorywise per(,entag'- dish. i0nofMaie 299 and Female main workers to tJ. > 10tal main workers in the State, 1991

IX. 4 Percentage distribution of main workers into 301 industrial categories in rural and urban areas of the State, 1991

IX. 5 Percentage of main workers into industrial 304 catqories in rural and urban areas of the State, 1991

IX. 6 Di~tribution of population of Scheduled 310 CaAeslScheduled Tribes under main workers, marpaal wOlkers and non-workers and their perceuCages to their respective total population, 1991

XI IX. 7 13roa,1 categorywlse distribution of main 312 workers (,t general. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tnbes population of the State and Its percemage to total mam'workers, 1991

IX. 8 Percentage distributIOn of marginal workers 315 cross classified by sex and type of non­ economic main activity 1991

IX. 9 Distribution of non-workers by type of non­ 316 economic activity

CHAPTER X

X.1 Fertility Indices. Gujarat, 1991 325

X.2 Calculatmg the TFR. Gujarat, 1991 328

X 3 r:alculating the TMFR, Gujarat State. 1991 331

X.4 GMFR and T~'lfR (JfGujarat In 1981 and 19<:11 332

X.5 A verage number of Cbl1dren ever born per 334 WOP1:m by religion. Gujarat, 1991

X.6 A verage number of Children born per ever 335 married woman X.7 Sex ratio (Females per 1,000 males) of 337 Children ever born X.8 Sex ratio (Females per 1,000 males) of 339 Children surviving X.9 t-' oportion of ever married fewales with three 340 children or more by age groups and religion (in per cent) X. 10 Percentage distribution of ever married women 342 for rural-urban areas by age and religion

XlI X. 11 Percentage of e~er marned females w)th three 343 or more children in rural and urban areas

X. 12 Proportion of ever married women (A&ed 50 344 a'1d above) with no live binhs by religio'l (per ~;!nt) X.I ercentage of currently married women to total 345 women in reproductive age group 15-49

CHAPTER XI

XLI Percentages of total migrants to total 350 IJopulation ill the State/Districts according to place of birth, 1991

XI.2 MIgrants by place of birth (proportions in per 352 cent), 1981 and 1991

XI. 3 Migrants by place of last [f'sldence, 1991 354

XI. 4 Migrants by place of last residel1ce, 1981 and 356 1991 XI. 5 Percentage distribution of migrants by duration 358 of residence

XI. 6 Reasons for migration to urban areas, 1991 360

XI. 7 Reasons for rrugration to rural areas, 1991 363

XIII ILLUSTRATIONS

Maps/Charts

1. Administrative DivislOns Frontispiece

2. Position ofGujarat State in India ~Chart) Facing Page xxv

3. Percentage Distribution of Facing Page 21 PopularioniArea. Gujarat (Chart)

4. Density of Populatton; 1991 Facing Pagt;: 55

5. Growth of Population, Gujarat, 1901- Facing Page 91 1991 (Chart)

6. SeX ;md Age structure, Gujarat (Chart) Facing Page t09

7. Literacy. 1991 Facing Page 185

8. Dl~tf1butJon ot l\laJor Religions, 1991 (Chart) 241

9. fercent:!ge Distribution of Main Facing Page 2<>5 workers. Gujarat, 19511 (C!lart)

XIV FOREWORD

Indian Census is ;Ow 125 years old and each Census brmgs out a large number of Census publications on a wide vanety of data for India and the States. These are mo~ly for the use of the experts and specialists. The need for a simple and handy volume for the use of the layman and the student has always been felt. Thl~ was fulfilled in the 1971 Census by bringing out of a popular, condensed version of the farge Census data under the title ",'\ Portrait of PopulatIOn" for each State. This publicatIOn wa~ designed to provide the basic information regarding the populatl":'l' of the State to the general reader. It was welcomed by the gencfil. public and the scholars and was continued m the 1981 Censu, also.

The 1991 Censu s series of State-wise volumes of "A Portr3it of PopulatlOn" lS n ow being brought out. In this volume an attempt has been made to bring together the basic Census data on the population, its economic, social and cultural aspects, religion. language, migration and fertility couched in simple language and presented in a non-technical format.

I hope this publication designed for the general reader wir serve a very useful purpose by kindling the interest of students ano the youth as well as the lay public in population matters which ar\:' going to playa crucial role in shaping the future of the nation.

2-A, Mansingh Road Dr. M. Vijayanunni - 110011 Registrar General &. (ensus Commissioner, Indn. February 1997

2-218 RGI/2001 xv

PREFACE

One of the novel features of the Census Publications IS the attempt to bring out the present volume to cater to the growing need for the baSIC data collected during 1991 Census. Indian Census IS a mine of information. But the general readers including students hardly derive any benefit from the forbiddingly volurmnous Census reports and tables. It is with a view to catering for this group of readers that this lIttle volume 'A PortraIt of Population' has been prepared. It has been written in a simple and non-technical language.

It was late Shri A. Chandra Sekb1'lf. former Registrar General & Census Commissioner of 1971 Census who first gave an idea of bringing out 'Portrait of Population' for each StatelUT at the time of 1971 Census. Encouraged by the response of general readers to that publication it has been decided to revive this publication at 1981 and 1991 Censuses also.

The Dift~tor of Census Operations, Shri N.R. Varsani, under whose guidance the entire operations were carried out deserves all credIt for the success of the operations. But had to leave the Organisation for taking up important assignment before the volume in question could be made ready for the Press. I must record my deepest sense of gratitude to Shri A.R. Nanda, Ex­ Registrar General, India, Dr. M. Vijayanunni, present Registrar Gp:.caal, indIa for their valuable guidance and sincere help to us at every stage to bring out this publication in time. I also thanks the officers and staff of the Data Processing Division, Census 'Division an4 Printing Division of the office of the Registrar General, India associtaed with this task. The processing of the data was undertaken by the Data Processing Division of the Registrar General's office under the able guidance of S/Shri C.S. . !)irector (EDP), K.N. Unni, Joint Director (EDP) and A.P. Gupta. Deputy Director (EDP).

I also thank Shri S.P. Sharma, Deputy Registrar General (C & T), Shri N. Rama Rao, Ex-Deputy Registrar General (C& T) and

XVII his colleauges S/Shri R.P. Tomar, V.P. Rustagi and A.K. Singh, Deputy Directors and Babu Lal, Asstt. Director who have taken great pains for finalisation of the draft of this publication. I also thank Mrs. Minati Ghosh, Deputy Registrar General (MAP) for her guidance given in connection with the maps, charts and diagrams published in this report.

All tables included in the report were complied by Kum. N.V. Shah, Smt. K.J. K.barnbhatta, Computors and Smt. N.P. Patel, Statistical Assistant. The Statistical consistency of tables was checked by Smt. J.R. Sanghani, Statistical Assistant. Smt. J.R. Sanghani, Statistical Assistant has also :prepared the initial draft of ten Chapters ofthe report. The draft·of,remaining two chapters has been prepared by Sbri S.v. Shah, Statistical Assistant. Final touch to all the chapters has been given by Shri R.V. Sanghani, Investigator. I am much grateful to them who spared no stone unturned in bring~g out this publication and contributed lus best in finalising this write-up. The charts, diagrams and maps were prepared by Map section of this Directorate. The entire write-up was typed by Shri I.B. Sonia Vohra, D.D.C. of this Directorate who also took mULh care and interest in typing it in time. I express my heartiest thanks to all of them and to ~y others in my office who gave me unstinted help and co-operation in bringing out tlus volume.

Ahmedabad ( R. HARI KISHAN) 23 rd January~ 1998 Deputy Director of Census Operations Gujarat

XVIII ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Directorate of Census Operations, Gujarat, Ahmadabad

final Draft :::imt. J.R. Sanghani StatistIcal Assistant Shri S.Y Shah Statistical AssIstant

2. F inalisatlOn of Draft Shri R.V. Sanghani Investigator

3. TabulatIOn Smt. N.P. Patel StatIstical Assistant Kum N.V. Shah Computor Smt. KJ. Khambhatta Computor

4. Scrutiny and Smt. J.R. Sanghani Statistical Finalisation of Data Assistant

5. MapS/Charts Shri C. Rajeev Geographer Shri K.K. Patel Artist Shri M.S. Bhatt Sr. Draftstrum Shri B.J. Modi Sr. Draftsman Shri R.K. Draftsman Shri A.A. Saiyad Draftsm..n

6. Cover Design Shri K.K. Patel ArtIst

7. Final Draft/Statement Typing Shri LB. SODiya Vohra uD.C.

8. Printing Shri P.K. Chokshi Printing Inspector

XIX

FIGURES AT A GLANCE CEN~US 1991

Partieul.n INDIA GUJARAT Population Persons 846,302,688 41,309,582 Males 439,230,458 21,355,209 Females 407,072,230 19,954,373

2. Total Area 3,287,263 Km2 196,024 Km2

3 Density of Population 257 per Km2 211 per Km2

4 Decennial Growth rate + 23.85 +21.19 (1981-1991)

5. Sex Ratto 927 934 (Females per 1,000 males)

6. Literacy Rate (excludIng children In Persons 52.21 61.29 age group 0-6) Males 64.13 73.13 Females 3929 48.64

7 Proportion of Urban Population to 25.71 34.49 total Population

8. I) Proportion of main workers to total 3418 34.12 population Ii) Proportion of marginal workers to 332 6.11 total populatton ill) Proportion of non-workers to total 62.50 59.77 population

9. Break-up ofmam workers to total populatIon as per 1991 Census I) Cultivators Persons 13.13 11.39 Males 2021 18.10 Fenwles 5.49 4.20

II) Agricultural Labourers Persons 9.04 7.82 Males 10.74 934 Females 7.20 619

Ill) Live stock, Forestry, FIshing, Persons 065 1.04 Hunting & PlantatIon, Orchards Males 1.01 128 and allied activities Females 0.26 0.79

IV) Mmmg and Quarrying Persons 0.21 0.14

XXI Partlc:ulan INDIA GUJARAT Males 0.36 0.24 Females 005 0.04

V) Manufacturing Processing and Repairs a) In Household Industry Persons 083 ., ill Males 1.07 1)71 Females Q57 \).23

b) OtheT than Household Industry Persons 265 ~ 9.~ Males 454 ,) J 2 Females 062 0.46

VI) Constru.ction~ Persons 0.66 0(}8 Males 1.18 1.22 Females 0.11 0.11

VII} and Conunerce Persons 2.55 3.03 Males 4.58 5.55 Females 0.36 0.32

VIIl) Transport, Storage and Persons 0.96 1.29 Communication Males 1.80 2.44 Females 0.05 0.06

IX) Other Services Persons 3.50 3.32 Males 5.51 5.17 Females 1.32 1.33

~q Fer:''i!.le wOTk participation rate 22.27 25.96

11. Number of Districts 466 19

12. Number of Talukas 3,928 184

13. Number orC.D. Blocks 5,76-7 184 14. Total number of villages 627,616 18,509 Inhabited 580,781 18,028 Uninhabited 46,835 481

15. Number of Towns 4,615 264

16. Number of Occupied Residential 147,013,766 7,342,184 Houses

17. Number of Households 152,OO9,.l67 7,492,603

XXII Particulars INDIA GUJARAT

18 Broad Age COIDposition Age- (Percentage to total population) group Total ;00.00 100 ()f)

()·14 ,7.25 1 '\ ~-1 15·39 39.78 42.00 40-59 15.65 15.jl 60+ ·6.76 '~ Age not 0.56 .: s.: stated

19 Scheduled Castes & Schedliled Tribes SC 138,223,27 I 3,01)0,358 populatIOn and percentage to tota~ (16.48) (7.41) population ST 67,758,380 6,161,775 (8.08) (14.92)

20. Religion .INDIA GUJARAT

Population % to total Population % to total population population All.,ReliglOn 838,583,988 100.00 41,309,582 100.00 Hindus 687,646,721 82.00 36,964,228 89.48 Muslims 101,596,057 12.12 3,606,920 8.73 Christians 19,640,284 2.34 181,753 0.44 16,259,744 1.94 33,044 0.08 Buddhist 6,3~-500 0.76 11,615 0.03 Jams ~'106 0040 491,331 1.19 Other ReJiglOn & 9,355 0.39 14,213 003 Persuation Religion not stated 415,569 0.05 6,478 0.02 INDIA GUJARAT Religion oong\lage mainly PopUlation % to total Population % to total spokm ill the population population Hou~ehold A~samese 13,079,6% 1.55 789 N Bengah 69,595,738 8.22 20,809 0.05 GUJarati 40,673,814 4.81 37,792,933 91.49 Iltndl 337,272,114 39.85 1,215,825 2.94 32,753,676 3.87 13,513 0.03 i(ashmm •• •• 379 N Konkam 1,760,607 0.21 40,820 0.10 30,377,176 3.59 57,701 0.14 Manipun 1,270,216 0.15 125 N Marathi 62,481,681 738 566,191 1.37

XXIlI Partiealan INDIA GUJARAT Nepali 2,076,645 0.25 9,126 0.02 Oriya 28,061,313 3.32 38,277 0.09 Punjabi 23,378,744 2.76 43,669 0.11 49,736 .ot 81 N Sindhi 2,122,848 0.25 704,088 1.71 Tamil 53,006,368 6.26 34,498 0.08 Telugu 66,017,615 7.80 49,109 0.12 43,406,932 5.13 547,737 1.33 Other languages 31,142,376 3.71 173,912 0.42

22. i) General Fertility Total il6.6 110.4 Rate (1993) Rural 125.2 115.7 Urban 93.5 100.3

ii) Total Fertility Rate Total 3.5 3.2 (1993) Rural 3.8 3.3 Urban 2.8 3.0

iii) Crude Death Rate 9.3 82

iv) Crude Birth Rate 28.7 28.0

v) Infant Mortality 74 58 Rate

Note: Census could not held in Jammu & in 1991. Figures shown against Sr. Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7 and 12 also include Jammu & Kaslunir State. Area figures given at S1. No.2 are provisional for calculating Density against S1. No.3. The entire area and population of those portion of Jammu & Kashmir which are under illegal occupation of and China have not been taken into account. Figures at S1. Nos. 6, SCi), 8 (ii), 8(iii), 11,21 and 22 do not include Jammu & Kashmir. Figures at S1. No. 10 (Category I to IX) do not include Jammu & Kashmir, Broad age composition figures are based on 10 per cent sample data. ** Full figures of of 1991 are not available as the 1991 Census was not conducted in Jammu &Kashmir due to disturbed conditions.

'N' stands for Negligible.

XXIV

CHAPTER-l

INTRODUCTION

Location

The State of Gujarat came into existence on 1st May, 1960 as a consequence of bifurcation of the bilingual State of Bombay under the States Reorganisation Act of 1960. It bas an area of 196,024 Sq.Krns. and a population of 41,309,582 ~ersOM. It is extended from 20°-07' to 24°-43' nortL latitude and 68 :..07' to 74°-29' east longitude. The Gujarat State is bounded by Arabian sea on the south-west and west, on the north and north-east, Madhya on the east and and Dadra & Nagar Haveli on the south and south-east. Gujarat State has international bOundary with Pakistan on the north-western side adjoining the Rann of Kachclili. The State can be devided into the broad natural regions (I) Mainland Gujarat and (ii) the Kachchh- Peninsula. The State has the big coastal line of 1000 mile (1610 Kms) long extending from Umbergaon in the Gulf of Cambay to the western extremities of Raoo of Kachchh. Due to its coastal location it has minor and intermediate Sea Ports in addition to a major deep Sea Port of Kandla in the Kachchh region. The State is one of the major oil and natural gas producing States in India. It enjoys a conunandable position in the industrial and commercial fields.

This small book intends to present a portrait of the population of Gujarat as documented by the latest Census taken in1991. It is attempted for the general reader to understand and to familiarise with the demographic characteristics of the State. The question arises whether such a portrait based on Census results is relevant and if so, what makes it so. The answer is, it is very much relevant because the modern Census provides the most comprehensive image of the population at the reference date. Before we provIde the demographic facts of the populaticn. It IS felt that It IS essential to acquaint the general reader with the concept of the Census. What Census IS? Why it was taken and how it has become such a wide scale operation based on detailed q ue:;;tlonnaires.

Census takmg IS not a new expenence to human society ::uher in IndIa or outside. The word 'Census' is derived from 'Censere" a LatIn word, meaning 'to assess' or to rate'. If a simple question is a'iked, what is a Census, the answer be a counting of people of a particular area, but this is a partial answer. A Census is no doubt a counting of heads, as usually ¥lown to all, but it has got some other purposes also. For e.g., it can help to evolve a policy for the collection of taxes and also to deterrhine the liability of adult males for compulsory military service.

If we look back to the historical past of great civilisations, it is found that Census taking is believed to date back to the first or second century B.C. In ancient Roman Empire, the population registers were prepared for the purpose of imposing taxes and determining the adult male force available for defence purpose. Evidence of some earlier Censuses in the form of cadastral surveys are found much before the Roman Empire, Ancient Babylonia, China and Egypt had such enumeration 30 centuries before Christ. In 1086 A.D. William, the conqueror, conducted a kind of enumeration of English proprietors with a view to determining the extent of their land holding& and their value and liabilities.

In our own country, the concept of Census of population is found in the famous book 'Arthashastra' or the principles of Government by Kautilya. This was during the 3rd Century B.c. during the reign of Chandragupta Maurya. Kautilya has recommended the collection of revenue. He has described various methods of conducting not only general population Censuses but also specialised economic and agricultural Census.

You will, therefore, notice that a Census of one kind or allother IS not new to the experience of the human race and dates back to almost to the beginning of civilised society. As human race

2 has developed and progressed, its needs for different types of information have grown and multiplied; the nature and extent of this count has also grown in dimension and Census taking has acquired the same sophistication as human race itself has acquired.

In India, Census - taking has been recognised as an essential of good Government from ancient times and there is every reason to believe that censuses have been taken in the various territories of the sub-continent from time to time. But in medieval times, Census had not taken due to political instability. After words with the establishment of British rule in India, polItical conditIoI' has changed, which led to revival of Census taking, for the obviou< reason, such as defence, collection of revenue and taxes, to asses' the extent of employment of population in various indllStries and occupations.

An attempt to take the Census on a systematic basis was undertaken in the years between 1820 and 1830 which gave some of the best estimates and prepared the ground for modern CenslllS taking of Ind~a. The Census of Dacca City carried out in 1830 by Henry Walter was the best example of it. It was perhaps the first complete Census of an Indian city which classified the .city population by sex and broad age-groups, the houses and structures by building characteristics, storey and other amenities and the population classified into as many as 132 castes population.

This Census activity has rather inspired the British administrator with the idea of regular decennial of 10 yearly Census. In 1856 the administrator of considered the ways and means as to how the general Census of Indian population could be taken in 1861. The undertaking was, however, postponed in consequence of the Mutinies of 1857 and afterwards regular Censuses of individual territories, however, continued. 1n the meantime, the British crown took over the Government of the East India Company. In 1865 the dovernment of India and the British Government had al~eady agreed upon the principle that a general popUlation Census ofIndia should be taken in 1871. The y.ears 1867 to 1872 were spent in taking a Census by the actual counting of heads. in .as much of the country as was possible. This IIflries,

3 commonly known as the Census of 1872, was neither a single project nor one that covered the entire territory under the possession of control of the British. Neither was it centrally supervised, moderated or compiled. But it was based on a uniform set of schedules and was inspired by modem concepts. The limitations w:lich deprived it from being considered as a modem Census were quite clearly seen.

Therefore, by the time that the 1881 came around, enough thought and preparation had been given to the to make that Census a modem synchronous and comprehensive operation. It provided the fIrst complete Census of the population on uniform basis conducted throughout the country as also the most complete and continuous demographic record for any comparable population. Since then Census taking has become the regular feature of every decade.

This regular feature was constituted in the constitution of free India by passing the statute of Census Act of 1948 providing Census taking every ten years on compulsory basis. Until Census of 1951, the Census organisation was set up shortly before a Census was due to be taken and was then wound up immediately after tabulation of Census data and its publication was over. Following the Census of 1961, the Census Organisation now exists on permanent form.

It will be interesting to know, how ,he Census organisatIOn manage to take and handle such a vast operation in a subcontinent like India. The Census is a Central Government subject. In Govenunent of India, there is a separate organisation in the Ministry of Horne Affairs known as Census Organisation headed by the Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India whose duty is to conduct the Census and to process and present its results. There are a number of Deputy and Assistant Registrars to look after the administration and technical matters. The office of the Registrar General is further sub-divided into Divisions and Cells which independently handle the various specialised parts of the entire Census process such as Census, Language, Social Studies, Cartography, Data Processing, Demography, etc.

4 Further, all policy matters relatmg to the Census are decided at the natIonal level and implemented through the Census OrganisatIon. The organisatIOn at the State/lJmon Territory level, IS headed by Director of Census OperatIOns, who is responsible for takmg the Census 10 the territory of that State with the help of State Government machinery. He is responsible and answerable to the Registrar General and Census Cormmssioner for implementing the instructions issued and polIcy deCIded at the national level. He is assisted by.a number of Deputy Directors and Assistant Directors to assist him in admimstration as well as technical matters. The head of the district administratIOn, VIZ., Collector-cum-Distrlct Magistrate in each district IS designated as the Census Officer for his district and is entrusted with the responsibility of conductmg the Census m hiS jurisdictional dIstrict through the subordinate staff appointed for this purpose. The heads of lower admmistrative officers such as taluka officers, viz., Mamlatdars are also appointed as Census Officers for their respective jurisdiction. Further there are certain areas which are not under the direct administrative control of the head of district admimstration or his subordinates such as Municipal Corporation, MunicIpahties, Notified Areas, Cantonment, Forest Villages, Railway Colomes, Post & Telegraph Colonies, Police Lmes, etc. the heads of these local bodies or nominees of their respective departments are appointed as Census Officers and Charge Officers of such SpeCial Charges. All these appointments are made under the Census Act and therefore certaIn duties devolve upon these appoIntees for takmg Census In then respective jurisdictions. The actual enumeratlOn is conducted through large number of enumerators who are drawn from various departments of the district. They consIst of subordInate staff of Municipal Corporations, Nagar Panchayats, Pnmary School Teachers, Talaties, etc. However, in speCIal areas hke forest v1llages, Cantonment, Railway Colonies, Pollee hnes and such other 'SpecIal Areas' the employees of the respectIve department are employed for enumeration.

Before taking Census, it IS very essential to elucidate the Census concepts and the rationable of each Census questIonnaire to be asked. Therefore, training to the Census Staff of each Census DIrectorate is imparted by the Census Commtssioner who issues

5 orders and necessary mstructions for takmg of the Census. Thereafter. the Census Directorate trains the district level staff who are charged with the Census duties and thereafter the subordinatt' level staff are trained by the district Census Officers in the fiel(~ under the guidance and assistance of the Census DIrectorate trame, Staff.

Obviously, it is not possible to count all the people at one point of time nor counted over long periods. Therefore, in order to have synchronous Census and to maintain uniformity of data what is actually done is to count people over a short period of time and determine the population as on a certain date. The date fixed under the notification is the reference date and the sunnse of that date 1~ the point of time at which the stock of.the people from the entm: nation to the lowest village level is known, and the data is collected for each person, whether a man or woman, young or old, literate or illiterate, employed or unemployed, .through Census Schedules on uniform basis. At the 1971 Census, the enumeration work place th from 10 March, 1971 to 31 st March, 1971. Whereas at 1981 Census the enumeration was commenced from 9th February, 1981 to 28th February, 1981. Also at the 1991 Census the enumeration was commenced from 9th February, 1991 to 28 th February, 1991.

Once the Census has been taken, the entire Census records ace sent to the State level Directorate for further processing. compilation and tabulation. For processing these Census records, Regional Tabulation Offices are opened by the Census DIrector under the administrative control and direction of Deputy or Assistant Director assisted by a number of administrative and technical hands. Once the data of individual district is compiled and tabulated in concerned regional office, it is again .centralised at the laeadqumter of the Census Directorate to put together for the whole State which is then published in district Census volumes.

The conduct of the Census is one of the largest administrative tasks and covers the entire country. It lS also important to ensure that CelWlS enumeration is as accurate as possible and that omission and duplications are avoided. This is done; by careful planning of all various staff of the Census years

6 ahead. The entire State is divided into a vast number of enumerator's blocks and each block is then placed under the charge of each Enumerator whose sole responsibility is to ensure complete enumeration of all in that block. Normally the village, which is the smallest administrative is treated as Enumerator's block. In case of a large village it is divided into small blocks and more Enumerators equal to the number of blocks are appointed to take Census Enumeration of such a village. In urban areas, where the administrative set up is different from that of a village, the existing structure of Municipal wards is taken as it is and these \-vards are then sub-divided into Enumerator's block for each of which an Enumerator is then appointed. At the time of carving out these blocks, every care is taken to ensure that no overlapping nor omlssion takes place and that the jurisdiction of various Enumerators are clearly marked and understood and that no Enumerator will overlook any unit in his block or cover that of another block. Generally, the size of the rural or urban block is determined keeping in view the number of days over which the enumeration is to be conducted, the density of population, the pattern of habitation, the complexity of the questionnaire to be canvassed. In 1991 Census, the normal size of rural block was fixed with 150 to 200 households and that of an urban block as one containing 125 to 150 households.

The Indian Census is well-known for apart from other things, being among the best conducted censuses in the world. Once the Enumerator's blocks have been carved out and Enumerators appointed and trained, what remains to be done is to ensure that not a single person is missed or counted more than once in enumeration and that enumeration is completed by the stipulated time. The enumeration is not a one-day affair but is spread out over a number of days. During this stipulated period of 18 to 20 days the Enumerator has to go from huuse to house counting all the persons present in that house and house counting all the persons present in that hou<;e and those who are expected to reside in the area of enumeratIon during the entire enumeration period. Even the house1ess and travelers are not missed. A constant watch is kept for houseless persons such as nomadic tribe who move' often from place

J-~21R RGl!2001 7 to another and usually the night of the last day of enumeration is reserved to count these houseless persons in their normally camps.

Since 1961 the enumeration procedures have been made more perfect, thanks to the housing Ct"osus conducted before every Census. Before commencing of enumeration of the persons the houselist is prepare for each block in which a record of all structures either Kachha or Pacca is accurately maintained. He is also expected to completely identify the number of households living in each structure. By this method he can easily conduct the enumeration from one house to another as also from one household to another in the process ensuring that not a single house or a household is missed. Great care is taken to enumerate the travelers in the bus or railways and that of floating population including those coming in on shops or boats from sea and those living on boats along side of harbours and river banks.

It would be worthwhile to note that at every Census some changes in the census schedules and questionnaires are made according to need of the time and future requirement of planning. The questionnaire and concepts are developed and finaiised after a long deliberations and consultations and field trials. Since the data is intended primarily for data users and planners in the country, it is particularly in these, the data users who are cons1.Jlted. The schedules and q:.lestionnaires and concepts are finalised only after this process of manual consultation and field trials. The size of operation and resources and the type and calibre of census enumeration staff has to be kept in mind while deciding what can be attempted and achieved as a Census.

The schedules canvassed at the 1991 Census are the Houselist, the Household Schedule and the Individual Slip. The 'House list Schedule' and the 'Enterprise List' were canvassed during the Houselisting Operation. The 'Household Schedule' for each and every household and the 'Individual Slip' for each individuals were canvassed. The Houselist Schedules contained the identification partkulars and use of each Census house, the predominant construction material of wall, roof and floor of the Census house, identification particulars of households, the name and sex of head of

8 household and whether he/she belongs to Scheduled Caste or Scheduled Tribe; whether the household lives in owned or rented house, number of living room in the occupation of the household, amenities available to the household like drinking water supply, electricity and toilet and type of fuel used by the household for cooking. The question on provision of toilet facilities was asked for the fIrst time in rural areas. The enquiry on type of fuel used for cooking was made for the fIrst time in Census. The information on physically handicapped persons which was collected in the 1981 Census has been dropped at the 1991 Census. The information on housing conditions and facilities which was part of the Household Schedule (Part - I) in the 1981 Census has now been transferred to the houselist schedule. This has been done to avoid the delay in the processing of these data. At the 1981 Census, the household schedule had two parts. The fIrst part contained information relating to the household and the second part, the Population Record, was a record of individual information on the members of the household. Some of the questions contained in the first part have been transferred to the house list at the 1991 Census and thus the Household Schedule of the 1991 Census contains only the individual information on all the members of the household. The questions on the language mainly spoken in the household, number of married couples living in the household, whether the household owns a house or house site in the village or town of enumeration in case of the household is living in rented house and whether the household cultivates land and if the land cultivated is owned or rented or owned and rented and the local name of tenancy in case the land cultivated is rented were dropped at the 1991 Census. The household schedule of the 1991 Census contains a list of members of the household and their social, demographic and economic characteristics as abstracted from the Individual Slips.

The main basic schedule of 1991 Census was the individual slip. It was canvassed during the enumeration period in respect of every individual irrespective of age' and sex. On comparison of Individual Slips of 1971, 1981 and 1991 Censuses, it will be seen that there is some deviation in the structure of Individual Slip. In 1971 the Individual Slip contained 17 questions which were to be canvassed on universal basis but in 1981 two types of the Individual

9 Slips were canvassed. The universal Individual Slip of 1981 Census which contained 16 main questions was canvassed in areas of 80% non-sample enumeration blocks, whereas the another type of Individual Slip consisting of both universal slip containing 16 main questions as well as Sample Slip containing 6 additional questions on Migration and Fertility was to be canvassed in areas of 20 per cent sample enumeration blocks. This dichotomy in enumeration was introduced in almost all States including Gujarat State. The question on Migration and Fertility which were included in Universal Individual Slip in the 1971 Census. But in 1991 Census, Sample Slip was dropped. The questions on Migration and Fertility were included in one Universal Individual Slip at the 1991 Census.

The economic questions, here adopted at 1981 Census have been adopted almost the same for the 1991 Census, however, few changes are made in the 1991 Census. The;: 'work' concept of 1961, 1971 and 1981 Censuses as adopted to the 'income or economic independence' concept of the earlier Census is adopted for 1991 Census. But, the criterion for classification of persons as workers is changed. While in the 1961 and 1971 Censuses different approaches, namely, usual status and current status, were adopted with reference period of one year and one week for seasonal and for regular work respectively, at the 1981 Census the usual status approach is adopted uniformly for all work. In the 1961 and 1971 Censuses classification as worker or non-worker was made through different as a worker if he had worked for more than an hour a day regularly during the last season or if he had worked for more than an hour a day regularly during the last season or if he had worked atleast for a day in regular (non-seasonal) work during the preceding fortnight. At the 1971 Census a person was treated as a worker only if he spent his time mainly or if he worked atleast for a day in regular (non-seasonal) work during the preceding week.

As in 1981, at the 1991 Census also for main worker, the time criterian of engagement in work WllS the major part of the year i.e., atleast 183 days in the preceding one year, while those who worked for sowetime during the last one year were consideled as non-workers. As regards comparability of economic data of 1981 and 1971 Censuses with those of 1971 and 1961, it is expected that

10 the main workers would approximately correspond to the workers of 1971, while the main workers and non-workers together would correspond to the workers of 1961.

A few changes have been made m the Individual Slip which is the main schedule of the 1991 Census. These are briefly narrated in the following paragraphs.

i) It was apprehended that the persons engaged in unpaid work on farm or in family enterprise were not netted as workers in the 1981 Census. To net such persons, at the 1991 Census, it was emphasised in question 14A and also in the relevant instructions that work includes unpaid work on farm or in family enterprise. The instructions that work includes unpaid work on farm or in family enterprise. The instructions were also elaborated with repeated emphasis on probing enquiries and with various illustrations so as to net the women's work participation.

ii) The defmition of a literate has also undergone a slight change. Till the 1981 Census, Childrel1 of aged 4 years and below were treated as illiterates. On the advise of the Ministry of Human Resource Development and the Planning Commission, it has been decided to treat the children of ages 6 years and below as illiterates at the 1991 Census.

iii) The question on seeking/available for work has been asked from only non-workers at the 1991 Census unlike from both marginal workers and non-workers as at the 1981 Census. Furtht:r, those seeking/available for work will be asked if they had worked before in order to know about the fresh entrants in the labour market.

iv) A new question on whether a person is an Ex-servicemen and if so, whether he/she is a pension.;:r or non-pensioner has been included at the 1991 Census on the request of the Ministry of Defence.

11 v) The migration and fertility questions have been canvassed universally at the 1991 Census. The reasons for migration have been expanded by including two more reasons for migration. namely, business and natural calamities like drought, floods, etc.

Subject to the above changes, the Individual slip of the 1991 Census follows more or less the same pattern as in the 1981 Census in respect of demographic, social, cultural, economic, migration and fertility questions. These items cover the relationship to he;J.d,.. age, sex, marital status, mother tongue, two other languages known, religion, scheduled castes/scheduled tribes, literacy and educational level, attendance at school/college, economic activity, birth place, place oflast residence, reasons for migration, duration of residence at the village or town of enumeration, age at marriage and number of children surviving at present and ever born alive to the ever married woman and any child born alive during the last one year to currently married woman.

The questions asked in the Individual Slips are shown at the end of this Chapter. As stated earlier an Individual Slip was filled up for every human being alive at the time of enumeration in the terntory of the State in the 1991 Census. Thus at one particular pomt of time, i.e., sunrise of 1sl Match, 1991, a little more than 41 million shps were filled up WhICh contained the data of vast information regarding every person. It will be seen that this document IS a source of many many informatIOn which is then processed and tabulated in the form of tables. These tables are our mam source of the 'PortraIt of Population' of Gujarat State. Any scholar or reader who IS interested to have a more detailed information about different aspects of the population of the State as the 1991 Census has compiled should refer the various specialised Census volumes publIshed by the Census Organisation so far.

The chapter that will follow will throw light on the dIfferent aspects of ourselves as we have given answers to the questionnaire canvassed in 1991 Census.

12 CENSUS OF INDIA 1991 INDIVIDUAL SLIP CONFIDENTIAL

Lootion Code ...... , .. ( ) SI. No. of Household Pad No ......

Slip No ......

N.me ...... " ......

2 Rel.tIonshlp to head ...... , 8 Religion ......

3 ~~~.;~.;~;~~~~.~.~.;:::::::::::::::::::::~ 9 ~~~~:r ';~'.. ;;.;.~;.~ .. ~ .. ;~;:: .. :.:.:: ...... 0 .. Aze ...... ,.... ,...... c==J 10 Name or Schedulrd Caste/TI we ...... 5 Mar!t.ll status ...... ' 6 Mother tonfllle ...... , II literate (I )/1I1:te,.t. (2) .0 12 Educational attJlnffi-ent , Two other I.nguages known

13 Attending 5, 'loci/College, Yes( 11/No(2). D

Yes 14A Old you work any time at a1llast year? No (HiST/D/RJBI1/0i (including unpaid wort< on farm or In family entPrpti,e) I'IB If yes In 14A, did you work for malar p.rt of last year> Yes (1)/No (2) D 15A ""ain actlvlty last year? Yes In 1411 (ClAl/HHI/OW) No In 1411 (HiST/D/lVlI/I/O) If HHI/OW In 15A (I) Name ,,( tst.lbll'nment......

(Ii) Nature of Industry, trade or service ...... , ......

(ill) DeSCription of work ...... , (Iv) Class of work.r...... 158 'Yes' In 14S-Any other work any time last year? Yes (ClAl/HHIIOW)/No 'No' In 1-4S-Work don. any tim. last year? (CI AL/HHI/OW) If HHIIOW In I 58 ", (I) Name of estdbllshment ...... (Ii) Nature of IndUstry, trade or service......

(!Il) Description of worl<...... (Iv) am ofworker ...... , ...... , ." ... ,,,,,.,,, ...... , B 16A If no In 14A, seeking/av.ll.ble for work? Yes (1)/No (2) ...... 168 If yes In 16A, have you ever worked before? Yes(! J/No(2)...... , ...... 17A Whether YOU 3re an Ex·servlceman ? Ye, (1 )/No(2) ...... •...... •..... 0 178 II yes In 17A, P~nsloner (1)/Non·hnsloner(2) ...... 0 18 Birth Place 22. for .11 ever·mamed women only (0) Pla(e of blrth •.•.....•....•...... •...... ••.•..•...... n (a) Alit at marn.IIt ...... ·· .... · ...... c==J (b) Rural (1) Urban (2) ...... , (b) Number of children surviving at pre~nt (c) DJstrtct ..... , ...... (d) Sute/Country ...... , ...... : Male 0 fem.leD TOUIO 19. tlst Resiaenc~ (a) Place of last residence .. , ...... 0 (b) Rural (I) Urban (2) ...... , (c) Numt'er of children ever born alive (c) Dlruiq ...... ,...... (d) SUtelCO\Intry ...... , ...... ' .. .. HateD FemaltD TOt.1ID 20. Reason, for IlIltrratlon from pla,e 0 01 IJSt mhlence (Code)' ...... 23. for currently "lamed women only 21 , Duration of relldenc. at the vlllage or town Any child born alive during of e"ume~aUOh ...... , ...... , ...... 0 last one y•• r ......

, I Employment (1) I I 8uslness (2) I I Education (3) ! Q.mily moved (4) I

Mlmage (5) I Natural calamities like drought, ~ ell. (6) I Others (7)] CHAPTER-II

HOW MANY ARE WE?

Size of Population

We, in Guiarat number 41,309, 582 people scattered over 19 districts, 184 talukas, 264 towns and cities and 18,028 inhabited villages, Is that a great number? The answer depends on its perspective The question itself is self-explanatory to some exteflt, if we compare the size and population of Gujarat with that of equal size of other States of India and few other countries of a comparable size. The total area of Gujarat is 196,024 Km2 which accounts for 5.96 per cent of the total geographical area of the country. It ranks 7th amongst all StateslUnion Territories. This means that out of every 100 km2 of the geographical area of the country nearly 6 Km2 is claimed by Gujarat. This area contains a total of 41,309,582 people who together account for 4.88 per cent of national population. It means that about five persons out of every 100 Indians live in Gujarat. Let us compare Gujarat with Kumataka State whose total area i.e., 191,791 Km2 amounting to 5.83 per cent of the national. area Le., ranking next to Gujarat State in Geographical size. The total population of State is 44,977,201 people which is 5.31 per cent of the national population. It can be seen from the above that the area of Karnataka .State is lesser than that of ours but it has higher population than that of Gujarat. The density of Gujarat works out to 211 persons per square kilometer as against 235 persons of Karnataka. Though the area of Blhar State is 173,877 ~ which is ranking next to Kamataka and Gujarat in terms of geographical area of the country, 10.21 per cent of national population i.e., 86,374,465 persons are accommodated in Bihar State. This means that Bihar is accommodating double the persons than those accommodated in Gujarat. This proves that the density of population in Bihar is quite high. It is 4.97 persons per Km2 as against 211 persons of Gujarat. It seems from the above

15 facts Jnd figlllCS that the georraphlcal are<1 of Guprat S!]1{~ IS somewhat higher than both Bihar and Karnataka but the population of Guprat is lesser than both BIhar and Karnataka. The population of Karnataka is 8.88 per cent higher than that of Gujarat whereas the population of Bihar is 109.09 per cent higher than ours, that means it IS more than double than Gujarat. Comparatively, it can be said that Gujarat can not beat Karnataka and Bihar in total strength of population eventhough it beats both of them in geographical area. Gujarat ranks two number higher than Bihar in area but it is lagging eight number behind Bihar in terms of population. BIhar is the second most populous State of the country, whereas Gujarat ranks tenth. Similarly, the density of population is not only lower than that of othel States of comparable size but is also lower than the 2 national average which is 273 persons per Krn . The density of Guj arat, Kamataka and Bihar IS 211, 235 and 497 with its rank 20, 19 and 8 respectively at national level.

It would also be of academic interest of the data users to see the positIOn of Gujarat State amongst the other countries of the world and neighbouring countries ofIndia.

Distribution· of population

The density of population is briefly discussed in the preceding paragraphs. It has been tried to see what would be the proportion of populaticn per Km2 of Gujarat and other States and Countries, which we have looked at, if it were to be evenly distributed throughout its area. In actual practice however, it is never possible to achieve thIS even distribution and many areas remain uninhabitable on account of various reasons. Before taking a detailed look at the density of the population let us first see how we lie distrIbuted in our own state. The populatIOn of Gujarat is distributed among 18028 inhabited villages and 264 towns of 184 talukas of 19 dIStrIctS. The pattern of our distribution in all the districts, talukas, villages and towns is not equal everywhere because the conditions of settlement of population in the places where we hve and work will differ from place to place. The pattern of distribution of population of Gujarat IS discussed below.

16 The district of Ahmadabad with a population of 4,801,812 persons ranks first among our districts in population size in last three decades. Similarly, Kheda district also maintains its second rank with a population of 3,440,897 in 1991 Census. Surat district with a population of 3,397,900 persons outnumbers Vadodara district in 1991 Census. In 1981 Census Vadodara district ranked third with a population of2,558,092 persons but in 1991 Census it is ranking at fourth number with a population of 3,089,610 persons. It is also interesting to note that the ranks of Panch Mahals and Surat districts are also interchanged. In 1991 Census Surat district ranks third with a population of 3,397,900 persons and Panch Mahals district ranks 5th with a population of 2,956,456 persons whereas in 1981 Census Panch Mahals ranked 6th with a population of 2,321,689 persons. In 1971 Panch Mahals also ranked 5th with a population of 1,848,804 persons and Surat ranked 6th with a population of 1,786,924 persons. In 1991 Census Mahesana district ranks 6th with a population of2,937,810 persons and Rajkot district ranks 7th with a population of 2,514,122 persons whereas in 1981 Census Mahesana ranked 4th with a population 0[2,548,787 persons and Rajkot district ranked 8th with a population of 2,093,094 persons respectively. In 1971 Census Mahesana district ranked third with a population of 2,092,468 persons and Rajkot district also ranked 8th with a population of 1,624,072 persons. The next group of four in order of ranking in population size of 1991 Census from 8th to II th are the districts of Junagadh with a populatIOn of 2,394,859, with a populatlOn 2,292,026, Valsad with a population of 2,173,672 and Banas Kantha with a population of 2,162,578 respectively. In the next ranking lot of twelve to seventeen, the districts in the sequence are Sabar Kantha with a population 1,761,086, Jamnagar with 1,563,558 persons, Bharuch with 1,546,145 persons, Kachchh with a population of 1,262,507 persons and Amreli with a population of 1,252,589 persons, whereas Surendranagar distrIct ranks Seventeenth with a population of 1,208,872 respectively. The remaining two diStricts, VIZ., and The Dangs rank eighteenth and nineteenth with a population of 408,992 and 144,091 respectively. It can be observed from the above that all the dIstricts of the State except Gandhmagar and The Dangs have a population more than one million each

17 whereas the districts of Gandhinagar and The Dangs come in the range of 1 to 4 population. In 1981 Census, both districts, viz., Gandhinagar and The Dangs have the population size less than one million. In 1971 Census, four districts, viz., Amreli, Surendranagar, Gandhinagar and The Dangs have the population size less than one million.

It would be ipteresting to analyse the distribution of districts according to the population size ranges. Let us classify the ,-li::;tricts in the following six ranges of population size:

(1) 100,000 and less (2) 100,001 to 1,000,000 (3) 1,000,001 to 1,500,000 (4) 1,500,001 to 2,000,000 (5) 2,000,001 to 2,500,000 (6) 2,500,001 and aoove

None of the districts comes in the population size range of less than 100,000. The smallest district of the State is The Dangs with a populationof 144,091. Gandhinagar with a populAtion of 408,992 is the next smallest district. This two districts fall in the population range of 100,001 to 1,000,000. Three districts fall in the popUlation range of 1,000,001 to 1,500,000. They are Surendranagar, Arnreli and Kachchh. Whereas Bharuch, Jamnagar and Sabar Kantha districts have a population range of 15,00,001 to 20,00,000 in the populatIOn range of 2,01)0,001 to 2,500,000 four districts fall. They al Banas Kantha, Valsad, Bhavnagar and Junagadh.

The Tel.mining districts have population of 2,500,001 and above. Of these, Rajkot, Mahesana and Panch Mahals have population between 2,500,001 to 3,000,000 whereas Vadodara, Surat, Kheda and Ahmadabad districts have population more than -3,000,001. Ahmadabad district with a population of 4,801,812 ranks the highest amongst all districts of the State. It is also observed trom, the above that only two districts are below the population size of 1,000,000. The oetails of grouping of these

18 distncts according to above mentioned population SIze ranges from the smallest to the highest are given III the statement shown below:

Statement - II.1 Grouping of districts by population size ranges in desctnding order

Name of District ulation----- 2 1 3----- 100,000 and less

2 100,00 I to 1,000,000 The Dangs 144,(J91 Gandhmagar 408.992

3 1,000,00 I to 1,500,000 Surendrangar 1,208,872 Amreli 1,252.58') KachSh 1,262,507

4 1,500,001 to 2,000,000 Bharuch 1,546,145 Jamnagar 1,563,558 Sabar Kantha 1,761,086

5 2,000,001 to 2,500,000 Banas Kantha 2,1 (l2,57S Valsad 2,173,672 ,nagar 2,292,026 Junagadh 2,394,859

6. 2,500,001 and abuve Rakot 2,514,122 Mahesana 2,937,810 Panch Mahals 2,956,--l56 Vadodara 3,089,610 Surat 3,397,900 Kheda 3,440,897 Ahmadabad 4801,812

Further let us compare the populatIOn SIze of our dIstncts with the average population size of a district in India as a whole and in other States. The average population SIze of a dIstrict of Gujarat State is arrived at by dIVIding total population of the State by the total number of districts. This works out to be 2,174,189 persons which is little higher than the national average of 1,872,351 persons per distrICt. Earher III this chapter, the figures of our States are compared with the figures of BIhar and Kamataka as both of them

19 are smaller in area than Gujarat. So it will he worthwhile to compare the average district population of our State with that of these two States and also with that of Orissa another State which ranks below both the States in population and density. The average district population of Kamataka is 2,248,860 which is somewhat higher than Gujarat and Bihar States. Similarly, the average district popUlation of Orissa is 2,453,364 which is also somewhat higher than Karnataka and much more higher than Gujarat and Bihar. The State of Bihar which ranks below in the average district population i.e., 2,056,535 than Gujarat State. Further it is interesting point to note that the smaller States like Karnataka and Orissa have higher average district population than Gujarat. The total number of districts of Gujarat and Karnataka is some-what equal. They are 19 and 20 respectively. Eventhough, the size of Karnataka, in terms of area is smaller than Gujarat. it has higher population and average district population. It would be worthwhile to examine the average district population of various States of the country even though there is a considerable variation in the size of these States. The area of which has merely of 4,004,586 among 25 States of India. Similarly, the highest average district population of 9,420, 644 is of Delhi amongst.._ all Union Territories. The area of Delhi is 0.76 percent to the total area of Gujarat. The lowest average district population of78,596 among the State is notice in Arunachal Pradesh whereas amongst the Union Territories it is accounted for . Both of them are not smallest in area in their respective Status. and Lakshadweep are smallest in area among the States and the Union Territories of India. The average district population size of other States which is not discussed here so far are available from the Statement·IL2 given below for general interest.

20 ~ERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF ~OPULA TlO~ AND ARIEA DISTRICTS OF GUJARAT CEN5U5·1991

M -0 '-0 If) r-- 01 00 -0 .. I:c:. II'l ..., 0- M ,"'"> 0- 00 r-- blI·_ '- ... -"1 '-0, V) V) V) 00 0\ ~ ...... c .. ,_o '

... t: N M M 01 >0 c ._ ..,.II'l "" - N ""'

--I- I: I: ..,. c:. ... -a ..., 00 ..., -... c_ -= 00 ~ N 00 ~ \0 oQI .: ° = I: ... -= ,...: 0 N 0 0 .,.: c..!! g 0 B~~ 0'; = '-C (Il CI.c:. ..'" - Co. ~ ~

r-- V) 0\ 0- \0 ..,. 0- -= M In I"l - 0\ <') ~ .. ... - -= V) II) "... Q " oci ~ -0 .. ~ = "" ~'" .s= I- Ifl -= !! -; .. - !! '" I: (Il .. = .9 QC 00 00 N V) M N 00 r-- .... CIC 0 In '0 0\ 00 ..,. r-- Ie 0 "l M"" "t r-- It') 00 :;'" c= N 00 ..,. ~ ~ '"...-\ 0 Q. 0 $ i t- \0 0 t- ~ -= ..., 00 ' iil 2: - .....; ~ M .,.: II) IC) ,...: oci c: 0 'Cl f"") 0 o:t .c o:t ..,. ..,. .. Q 'D 'Cl 0- o:t o:t OJ) 0, 'Cl 'Cl OJ) 00 o:t 'Cl -.c 0- '"r-- ...., -00 =t .- '-'to ._ I "!, ~ ...... 00 00 0 0" ..,.' 0- N .n- O- 0" ...... :! .. ac '¢ r- r- ...., N OJ) N r- .... 0, N .. ;I ... ~ 0, '¢, 'D N ...., N .o:t -.q_ 'Cl, > CIo·- .- "!. o '" ~ N N N N < CIo

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f"") 00 o 00 V! ...~';-; c: vi o'" o ~ .. .. ~" ...... ~ = .. .. ii=i.. '"os c:

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,..., 'C> ...., r- 0- 0-, r- N 0, 'Ci ..,. N N 00 :- 0 'D ,..., 00 r- t') o:t -q ..,.. r-...... '"'! otS ...., r-: N N ""...0 V) 0 N ~ t') o:t 0 N N N VI I/"} .,. o:t ...., - ...., .: ~ ..... <

.: e ·S ;.... 0 Q 0 .. .t:: 0; ·C... N .,'" ii=i .. "t:l ...... e f0- ~ b 0.. ..c ... »'" "0 ij .. '" § § E ~ ... 0. C;;'" -5 C;; ..c '" " ..c C;; ~ .. '" "t:l .' '>I) 8 as z t ~ ~ N t>O '" ·2 .;qo'" '" ;:l ~ ~'" :E ~ ::E ~ z'" 5 0.. ~

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~ 00 N q o o o o c::i

or, on N :z Ci z o c::i o c::i

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13 I ; t' I I~'§ MI' I 'Ci!- I!,7 I 'I ~§ L_---1: l'V) I~~ - ~ N M I

11>-' P f 1'"11,11 r • t; :t"! ...0·- 00 ~.sIii I!I': S 1 a.a ... t; o .£: 1 0-= ... :ZiS B til ~ ,:l. = = o \ono ...... 2'--0 0=_ o -o :9 0 • .!~o.! '0 ~ 0 Q, .... = ~:::I·;:i,-= ] ..: a.;::s - (.1 8 (.1 z q 0 :1 ... - -o ::9;::s .. 0 • :I 0 .. Cf:;. ; .. Yl (.1 :E · ~ 3 ; :I ;::s tIS (;fJ - a'" § II) ... II") 00 ~ c ~ t­ II)e § ~ o 'oQ ..., 00 N -;• i '"~ Q, 0 ~ Do. .... j 0 '"tIS ~ .§ "'e ~ tIS ::,.: :3- .!! f"l • 8:5 ..

The dlstnbuhon of populatIOn at the district level j~ analysed earliel 10 thIS Chapter. The examination of distributio~ of taluka of each distnct according to the population size ranges and its position at taluka level in each dIstrict will be very much academic interest for the readers. We will examine the position of district according to the rank of geographical size.

I} Kachchh District:

In terms of area the largest distrlct of the State is Kachchh district. Its area is nearly a quarter of the geographical area of the State. It measures 45,652 Km2 and reckons 23.29 per cent of the total geograp:lical an:a of the State. However, its popUlation is 1,162,507 which IS only 3.06 per cent of the total State population. TIus means only 3 out of every 100 persons in the State live in that nearly ont' quarter part of the total geographical area of the State constituted by Kachchh district. 1n nearly three quarters of the total geographical area of the Staie, the remaining 97 out of every 100 persons reside. Kachchh district ranks fifteen in the population size among 19 djstnct~ of the State, even though it ranks first in geographical SiZL bemg the largest district of the State. The reas(\ns for its thin densuy is that it has a much smaller portion of habitable/and its vast ;Jortion is uninhabitable due to semi-desert and desert area. The Rann of Kachchh is not gracious or attractive place

27 to reside. So that the major. portion of the same is without any habitation at all.

There are nine talukas in the district. They are (1) (2) (3) Mandvi (4) Abdasa (5) Lakhpat (6) Nakhatrana (7) Rapar (8) Bhachau and (9) Anjar. The least densely populated taluka of the district is Lakhpat. It has a population of only 36,759 persons. Mundra and Abdasa taluka rank next with a population of 68,652 and 86,402 respectively. The remaining six taluk.as of the district have a population more than 100,000. Bhuj taluka with a population 277,215 is the largest taluka of the dIStriCt.

It is followed by Anjar taluka w1th 265,225, Rapar with 150,517. Mandvi with 146,034 and Nakhatrana with 116,944 persons. Bhachau taluka crosses over the population of lOO,OOO. It has a population of 114.759 persons. It is revealed from the above that none of the talukas of Kachchh diStrict is in the population range of below 30.000. Only one taluka falls in range of 30,000 to 49,999. Only one taluka falls in the range of 50,000 to 74,999, 75,000 to 99,999 and two talukas are in range of 200,000 and above. All the remaining four talukas are in the range of 100,000 to 199,999.

Statement-II.3 Distribution of talukas of Kacbchh district by population size ranges

Name of Distribution of talubs by po )ulation size ranges District! 30,000 to 50,000 to 75,000 to 100,000 to 200,000 & Taluo 41),999 74,999 99,999 199.999 above 1 2 3 4 5 - 6 Kachchh 4 2 District

L Bhuj 277,215

2. Mundra 68,652

3. MandVl 146,034

28 --·----.-----=o:-:·-----r--- ~ame of ~ __. Istributlon 0 taluus by po ~ulation size ran2es Di~tricU 30,000 to 50,000 to 75,000 to 100,000 to 200,000 & Taluka . 49,999 74,999 99,999 199,999 above I I 2 3 4 5 6

4 Ahdasa 86,402

5. Lakhpat 36.759

f, Nakbatrana 116,944

7 Rapar 150,517

8. Bhachau 114,759

(j A:l!ar 265,225

2) :

Jamnagar district IS the next highest district ranking in the 2 geographical area of the State with 14,125 Km . It is 7.21 per cent of the total geographical area of the State. This means out of 100 2 Km" of the State, 7 Km IS under Jamnagar district. It is just nearly one-third size of Kachchh district. So the difference between the geographical size of both the top ranking districts of the State is vast. Inspite of that, the population of Jarnoagar district is considerably higher than the Kachchh district. It has a population of .1,563,558 which is 3.78 per cent of the total population of the State. It ranks thirteenth in the State in terms of population. It consists of ten talukas. Jarnnagar taluka is the largest in population size. Dhrol taluka is the smallest with a population of 63,225 persons. Three talukas falls in the population range of 75,oooto 99,999 and five talukas falls in 100,000 to 199,999. None of the taluka population is below 50,000. The break up of talukas of the district according to population range can be seen from the below statement.

29 Statem~nt-n.4 Distribution of tatukas of JarnH_i.::.lf district by population size ranges

Name of Districti Distribution oft.lukas b population size ral!&_ts Tatuka 50,000 to 75,000 to 100,000 to 200.000 & 74,999 l 99,999 199,999 above 1 2 I 3 4 5 Jamnagar 3 5 District I. Janmagar 553,115

2. lalpur 92,925 3. Jamjodhpur 113,589

4 Bhanvad 99,150

5 KalyanpuT 137,781

6 Okhamandal 117,528 7. Khambhaha 171,184

R Jodlya 79835

9 OhTOI 63,225

to. Kala\ ~d 135,226

3) Banas Kantha District:

Banas Kantha district ranks third in geographical area but it ranks eleventh in population size of the State. Its total area is 2 f2,703 Krn , 6.48 per cent of the total geographical area of the State. It has a population of 2,162,578 which is 5.23 per cent of the total State population. the eleven talukas of the district have population more than 75,000. The smallest taluka is SantaJpur with a population of 86,396 persons, whereas the highest is PaJanpur taluka with 397,437 population followed by Deesa with 352,040. Out of remaining eight talqbs of the district seven talukas are in population range of 100,000 to 199,999 and one taluka viz., Radhanpur in population range of 75,000 to 99,999. The talukas of

30 Banas Kantha district distributed according to the population size ranges can be visualised from the below statement.

Statement-II.S J)jstribution of talukas of Banas Kantha district by population size ranges

Name of District/ Distributio•• rtal.as bv BOaul.tieD size raDt!es Taluka 75,000 to tOO,GOOto 200,000 Ii: 99.999 199.999 above I 1 3 .. Banas Kantha DiStrict 2 7 2 1. PalanpuT 397,437 2. Vadgam 173,640 3. Deesa 352,040 4. Kankrej 189,675 5. RadhanQur 94,669 6. Sanlalpur 86,396 7. Deodar 190,077 8. Vav 159,246 9. Tharad 196,289 10. Dhanera 191,633 II Dania 131,476

4) Rajkot District:

The fourth district in rank of geogaphical area of the State is Rajkot district. It ranks seventh in population size. The area of Rajkot district is 11.203 Kml, which is S.72 per cent of ,the State total geographical area. It bas a population of 2,514,122 i.e., 6.09 per cent of the State population. There are 13 talubs in the district. None of the taluka of the district is below the population of 30,OOO~ R8jkot taluka is the largest taluka -with a population 769,S72 persons. Five talukas viz.., Rajkot, Gondal, Jetpur, Morvi and Jasdan. fan in the population raJlIC of 2 lakbs and above. Lodhib talob is the smallest with a population 40,791. Three talulcas viz., Dhoraji,

31 Upleta and Wankaner fall in the population range of 100,000 to 199,999. Kotda~Sangani, Jam Kandoma, Paddhari and Maliya talukas comes in the population range of 50,000 to 74,999. Morvi taluka is the second highest taluka of the district in terms of population. The distribution of talukas of the Rajkot district by population size ranges can be known from the following statement.

Statement-II.n Distribution of talubs of Rajkot district by population size ranges

Name of Distributioll of taluDs by p