DOCSLIB.ORG

Response from Missouri Governor

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Response from Missouri Governor STATE CAPITOL (573) 751-3222 201 W. CAPITOL AVENUE, ROOM 216 WWW.GOVERNOR.MO.GOV JEFFERSON CITY, MISSOURI 65101 GOVERNOR STATE OF MISSOURI August 26, 2020 The Honorable David L. Bernhardt Secretary U.S. Department of the Interior 1849 C Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20240 Dear Secretary Bernhardt: Thank you for the opportunity to provide feedback to the Task Force for the proposed National Garden of American Heroes. As my administration reviewed the criteria for establishing the National Garden of American Heroes and the guidance provided in your letter for a site that is proximate to a population center and a preference for lands in federal ownership, my Administration identified the Gateway Arch Grounds in St. Louis as a potential location for the National Garden. These grounds currently exist as Gateway Arch National Park under the care of the National Parks Service. St. Louis's Gateway Arch stands as a monument to westward expansion. St. Louis also maintains historical significance throughout the history of our country, including as a location on the Underground Railroad. Other suitable grounds in Missouri which are near population centers, but are not currently under federal ownership, include the Jefferson Barracks Park in Lemay, Missouri and areas located near the Katy Trail State Park or the Rock Island Spur of the Katy Trail State Park. The Jefferson Barracks Park in Lemay, Missouri is part of the historic Jefferson Barracks Military Post complex. This property contains a large park with trails and natural elements. The location already has a unique historical significance as a former installation of the U.S. Army and is near the current location of the Jefferson Barracks base which serves the Army and Air National Guard. The Katy Trail State Park and the Rock Island Spur of Katy Trail State Park provide recreational access to a trail that stretches across Missouri from Kansas City to St. Louis. This trail provides a central area that a given set of statues could be displayed at any time, it also would act as a repository for storing or loaning additional statues. In regard to potential statues for display, the State of Missouri does not currently have suitable statues that are not currently in use or integrated into existing facilities, such as the General John Pershing Statue in Pershing State Park or the statute of Lewis and Clark at the Lewis and Clark Landing in Jefferson City. In considering the criteria for potential American heroes to be included in a National Garden, the following individuals are recognized as making outstanding contributions to the history of the United States and have a significant connection to Missouri. These individuals include: Susan Elizabeth Blow (June 7, 1843 -March 27, 1916) - Born in St. Louis, Misso_uri, in 1843, Susan Blow was an influential American educator famous for establishing the first public kindergarten in the United States. She was raised in an affluent family that emphasized education - her father was a successful industrialist and U.S. Senator - which allowed her to attend private schools. She pursued her own studies vigorously until they were cut short by the Civil War. She continued to study on her own, and became a member of the St. Louis Society, a philosophy group that met to discuss important issues of the day. While traveling in Germany in 1870, Susan was introduced to the thinking of the German intellectual Friedrich Froebe!, who was pioneering new methods of teaching children, and she observed "kindergarten" classrooms inspired by his work. The experience was profoundly impactful, and upon her return to the U.S., she spent a year in New York further studying Froebel's educational approach. In 1873, she returned to St. Louis, where she opened the nation's first public kindergarten at Des Peres School. The following year, she established a training school for kindergarten teachers. By 1883, every public school in St. Louis had a kindergarten, and the city had become the model for a broader national kindergarten movement. Her hard work took a toll on her health, and in 1879 she left St. Louis, moving to Boston and New York where she focused the remainder of her life lecturing and writing books about kindergarten practice and Froebelian theory. Her life's work has had a significant, lasting impact on early childhood education in the U.S., and she is widely recognized as the "Mother of the Kindergarten." George Washington Carver (1860s - January 5, 1943) - George Washington Carver was born into slavery near Diamond, Missouri, in the early 1860s, shortly before slavery was abolished. From a young age, he developed a keen interest in plants, a passion that led him to become a world- renowned agricultural scientist and inventor. He spent much of his childhood traveling the Midwest, working and attending various schools. He attended college in Iowa, first' studying piano and art at Simpson College, then transferring to Iowa State Agricultural College (now Iowa State · University) to study botany. Carver earned his bachelor's degree in 1894 and his master's degree in 1896, gaining recognition for his research and becoming the first African-American faculty member at Iowa State. In 1896, he was invited to head the Agriculture Department at the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama, where he taught and conducted research for 47 years. Carver gained national recognition for promoting methods of crop rotation that restored nitrogen to soils depleted by cotton production by alternating cotton crops with peanuts, sweet potatoes, and soybeans, a practice that improved cotton yields and provided farmers with alternative cash crops. His work had a major economic impact, revitalizing a depressed Southern agricultural economy. Carver devoted much of his research to developing practical applications for alternate crops, gaining considerable fame for his promotion of peanuts (he identified more than 300 recipes and applications for the peanut). Apart from his scientific work, Carver was a noted advocate of public health, the environment, and racial justice. After his death in 1943, the George Washington Carver National Monument was established in his birthplace of Diamond; it was the first national memorial to an African American. Carver left a legacy of scientific accomplishment and contributions to our nation's agriculture and economy. Dred Scott (1800?- September 17, 1858) and Harriet Robinson Scott (1815?-June 17, 1876) - Dred Scott and his wife, Harriet Robinson Scott were enslaved African-Americans who tried several times, unsuccessfully, to gain their freedom through the U.S. court system. Despite the outcome of their cases, the Scotts' courage and persistence in their efforts to establish the basic human rights of African Americans proved instrumental in the ultimate abolishment of slavery. Harriet Robinson and Dred Scott were both born in Virginia as slaves in separate households. They met in Ft. Snelling, Minnesota, in 1836 and were married in 1836 or 1837, becoming the property of Dr. Thomas Emerson. Despite living in "free" territory, their owners at this time were members of the military, many of whom kept slaves as they moved among posts in different states. In 1840, the Scotts were sent to St. Louis, Missouri, to be hired out for work while Emerson and his wife Irene continued to collect their wages, a practice that Irene continued after the death of her husband. In 1846, Dred and Harriet each filed separate petitions in the St. Louis Circuit Court to gain their freedom. Because they had lived extensively in free states, the Scotts' cases had a good chance of success, but were dismissed on a technicality. Their cases were not heard again until 1850, when the court ruled in their favor, granting them their freedom, albeit briefly. Irene Emerson immediately appealed, and in 1852 the Missouri Supreme Court, which included pro-slavery judges, overturned the previous ruling. The Scotts persisted in their legal pursuits; their cases ultimately were combined and raised before the U.S. Supreme Court, which, in its 1857 landmark decision (Dred Scott v. Sandford), ruled that Dred Scott was not a U.S. citizen due to his race, again denying the Scotts their freedom. The Court's decision enraged the public and enflamed growing tensions between pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions of the nation, which devolved into a civil war over this issue a few yeiirs later. Shortly after the Court's decision, the Scotts were transferred to new owners who granted them their freedom on May 26, 1857. Dred and Harriet Scott's determination for justice continue to fuel the long and difficult struggle for civil rights to this day. General John J. Pershing (September 13, 1860-July 15, 1948) - John Joseph Pershing rose from humble beginnings to become one of America's greatest military leaders. Born in 1860 near Laclede, Missouri, his family moved to Laclede when John was six years old. He led a normal boyhood until the family lost most of their wealth in the 1873 economic depression. The downturn forced John's father to become a traveling salesman, which put John in charge of the family and their farm. John took a job teaching and was able to save enough money to attend Kirksville Normal School (Truman State University), where he earned teaching degree in 1880. Soon after, he successfully applied to the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, graduating in 1886. Pershing's early military assignments were frontier campaigns, protecting settlers from Native Americans. In 1891, he began a four year stint as a military science professor at the University of Nebraska, and earned a law degree while there. In the years following, he commanded troops in several notable campaigns, including the Spanish-American War, two tours in the Philippines, and expeditions against Francisco "Pancho" Villa during the Mexican Revolution.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Saint Paul African American Historic and Cultural Context, 1837 to 1975
    SAINT PAUL AFRICAN AMERICAN HISTORIC AND CULTURAL CONTEXT, 1837 TO 1975 Ramsey County, Minnesota May 2017 SAINT PAUL AFRICAN AMERICAN HISTORIC AND CULTURAL CONTEXT, 1837 TO 1975 Ramsey County, Minnesota MnHPO File No. Pending 106 Group Project No. 2206 SUBMITTED TO: Aurora Saint Anthony Neighborhood Development Corporation 774 University Avenue Saint Paul, MN 55104 SUBMITTED BY: 106 Group 1295 Bandana Blvd. #335 Saint Paul, MN 55108 PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Nicole Foss, M.A. REPORT AUTHORS: Nicole Foss, M.A. Kelly Wilder, J.D. May 2016 This project has been financed in part with funds provided by the State of Minnesota from the Arts and Cultural Heritage Fund through the Minnesota Historical Society. Saint Paul African American Historic and Cultural Context ABSTRACT Saint Paul’s African American community is long established—rooted, yet dynamic. From their beginnings, Blacks in Minnesota have had tremendous impact on the state’s economy, culture, and political development. Although there has been an African American presence in Saint Paul for more than 150 years, adequate research has not been completed to account for and protect sites with significance to the community. One of the objectives outlined in the City of Saint Paul’s 2009 Historic Preservation Plan is the development of historic contexts “for the most threatened resource types and areas,” including immigrant and ethnic communities (City of Saint Paul 2009:12). The primary objective for development of this Saint Paul African American Historic and Cultural Context Project (Context Study) was to lay a solid foundation for identification of key sites of historic significance and advancing preservation of these sites and the community’s stories.
    [Show full text]
  • Draft—Do Not Cite Without Permission of the Author
    Draft—Do not cite without permission of the author Chapter I: The Contradictions of American Democracy in the Antebellum Years: The Inadequacy of the Constitution; The Rise of the Anti-Slavery and Woman’s Rights Movements Between 1815 and 1860, the new nation consolidated its identity and expanded its boundaries.1 This was a time of economic growth and internal improvements.2 The antebellum era witnessed a “transformation” of the private law of torts, contracts, property, and commercial law that has been said to have unleashed “emergent entrepreneurial and commercial groups to win a disproportionate share of wealth and power in American society,” all in the name of promoting economic growth.3 These years also witnessed significant democratization of the American polity. Even though the new nation’s charter incorporated the revolutionary principle of “popular sovereignty” or the consent of the governed, its political structures and practices had been designed to be far from democratic in the beginning.4 After 1815, however, the spreading trend in the states toward universal white adult male suffrage accelerated significantly, culminating with the election of Andrew Jackson in 1828.5 The people and party operatives who put this man of humble origins into the White House poured into Washington D.C. for his inauguration. “Never before had an American ceremony of state turned into such a democratic and charismatic spectacle.”6 From the perspective of divisions between the social classes, Jacksonianism represented important gains for egalitarian thinking in politics.7 The subsequent decades before the Civil War saw a flowering of reform ferment in the United States.
    [Show full text]
  • Marpiyawicasta Man of the Clouds, Or “L.O
    MARPIYAWICASTA MAN OF THE CLOUDS, OR “L.O. SKYMAN” “NARRATIVE HISTORY” AMOUNTS TO FABULATION, THE REAL STUFF BEING MERE CHRONOLOGY “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project Man of the Clouds HDT WHAT? INDEX MAN OF THE CLOUDS MARPIYAWICASTA 1750 Harold Hickerson has established that during the 18th and early 19th Centuries, there was a contested zone between the Ojibwa of roughly Wisconsin and the Dakota of roughly Minnesota that varied in size from 15,000 square miles to 35, 000 square miles. In this contested zone, because natives entering the region to hunt were “in constant dread of being surprised by enemies,” game was able to flourish. At this point, however, in a war between the Ojibwa and the Dakota for control over the wild rice areas of northern Minnesota (roughly a quarter of the caloric intake of these two groups was coming from this fecund wild rice plant of the swampy meadows) , the Ojibwa decisively won. HDT WHAT? INDEX MARPIYAWICASTA MAN OF THE CLOUDS HDT WHAT? INDEX MAN OF THE CLOUDS MARPIYAWICASTA This would have the ecological impact of radically increasing human hunting pressure within that previously protected zone. I have observed that in the country between the nations which are at war with each other the greatest number of wild animals are to be found. The Kentucky section of Lower Shawneetown (that was the main village of the Shawnee during the 18th Century) was established. Dr. Thomas Walker, a Virginia surveyor, led the first organized English expedition through the Cumberland Gap into what would eventually become Kentucky.
    [Show full text]
  • Open Caitlyn Edgell Thesis.Pdf
    THE PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY SCHREYER HONORS COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY THE ROLE OF WOMEN IN THE 1857 DRED SCOTT CASE: THE STORIES OF IRENE EMERSON AND HARRIET, ELIZA, AND LIZZIE SCOTT CAITLYN EDGELL SPRING 2018 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for baccalaureate degrees in History, English, and Political Science with honors in History Reviewed and approved* by the following: Anne C. Rose Distinguished Professor of History and Religious Studies Thesis Supervisor Kathryn Salzer Associate Professor of History Honors Adviser * Signatures are on file in the Schreyer Honors College. i ABSTRACT The 1857 Dred Scott v. John F.A. Sandford decision was the culmination of an eleven- year legal battle that began in the St. Louis Circuit Court. The court battle began on April 6, 1846, when Dred Scott and his wife, Harriet, both filed suit against their widowed owner, Irene Emerson, alleging trespass for assault and false imprisonment. Harriet’s case was immediately combined with her husband’s, meaning that the fate of his case would determine the futures of Harriet and the couple’s daughters, Eliza and Lizzie. Domesticity reigned as an ideology within the country, yet women were gaining some legal power, as demonstrated by Irene Emerson. While Irene was allowed to own property and be sued in court, she seems to have permitted male relatives, such as her brother, to act on her behalf. On the other hand, Harriet Scott had the right to file a suit before the court, but the combination of her suit with her husband’s, even if she was the impetus for the filing of the suit, further illuminates the limitation on the rights of women, both African American and white.
    [Show full text]
  • The Official Reports of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania
    LH&RB Newsletter of the Legal History & Rare Books Special Interest Section of the American Association of Law Libraries Volume 16 Number 4 Fall 2010 During the first week of November 2009, Celebrating 600 Volumes of the Volume 600 of the Pennsylvania State Reports Pennsylvania State Reports: was published, 165 years following the The Official Reports of the publication of the first volume in 1845. Supreme Court of Pennsylvania The distribution of each hundredth volume (1845-2009) based on the year on its spine label was as follows: Volume 1 (1845), Volume 100 (1882), Joel Fishman, Ph.D. Volume 200 (1901), Volume 300 (1930), Volume 400 (1960), Volume 500 (1982-1983), and Volume 600 (2009). The Supreme Court of Pennsylvania is the oldest state supreme court in the country. It dates back to the creation of the Provincial Court by William Penn in 1684 (see http://www.aopc.org/Links/Public/CourtHistory.htm) . The first designation of a supreme court was in legislation in 1712; a 1722 act established the court system for the remaining decades of the colony until the Revolution. (For legislation, see the Pennsylvania Legislative Reference Bureau website at http://www.palrb.us.) The publication of court cases began with Alexander James Dallas, who in 1790 published only the second set of state court reports in the country after Edward Kirby’s Connecticut Reports. This first state report had the title of Reports of Cases Before the Revolution and contained both Supreme Court and Philadelphia county court cases from 1754 to 1788. Dallas continued to publish three more volumes of reports, which from 1789 onwards had a new title that included the cases from the United State Supreme Court and circuit court cases as well as the state appellate and county cases: Reports of Cases Ruled and Adjudged in the Several Courts of the United States and of Pennsylvania, Held at the Seat of the Federal Government (1798).
    [Show full text]
  • WATER WORKS INTERPRETIVE PLANNING Research and Implications Final: December 1, 2016
    WATER WORKS INTERPRETIVE PLANNING Research and Implications Final: December 1, 2016 CONTENTS Prepared by the 106 Group: Introduction .................................................................... 3 Anne Ketz Project Overview 3 Nicole Foss Part of a Whole 4 Steve Boyd-Smith Previous Interpretive Plans 6 Pam Smith Why we're doing this ..................................................... 7 MPRB Mission 7 Prepared for MPRB Vision 8 Minneapolis Park and Recreation Board MPRB Values 9 Minneapolis Parks Foundation Water Works' Interpretive Goal 10 Damon Farber Associates Visitors' Experience Goal 10 Who It's For ................................................................... 11 What it's about ..............................................................12 A Brief Cultural History of the Falls 12 Interpretive Themes 14 Principles and implications .........................................15 What Is Interpretation? 15 Water Works Interpretive Principles 15 THANK YOU Implications 16 We wish to extend a sincere thank you to the many members of our Next Steps ......................................................................18 community who shared their stories, memories, and vision. Your Appendix A: Historical Contexts Methodology .......21 knowledge, insights, and willingness to share are greatly appreciated and will significantly contribute to Water Works being a park for all. Appendix B: Community Input ..................................25 Appendix C: American Indian Historical Context ... 33 Appendix D: African American Historical Context .43 Water Works Interpretive Planning: Research and Implications 1 Central Mississippi Riverfront 3rd Avenue Bridge ST. ANTHONYST. FALLS Proposed Lock and Dam Visitor Center West River Road Water Wo rks Proje ct A rea Existing Mill Ruins Park 1st Street 3rd 3rd Avenue 5th Avenue Portland Avenue 2 106 Group INTRODUCTION PROJECT OVERVIEW Water Works encompases six acres within Mill Ruins Park, adjacent This document therefore sets foundations for all subsequent planning by to St.
    [Show full text]
  • Mrs. Dred Scott
    Mrs. Dred Scott Lea VanderVeldet and Sandhya Subramanian" In the progression of American people toward freedom, the contributions of one person whose life was central to that struggle have long been ignored: Harriet Robinson Scott, "Mrs. Dred Scott." Dred Scott v. Sandford' stands in infamy in American constitutional law and the history of the Supreme Court. The Court denied Dred Scott's assertion of freedom in sweeping language. 2 Most work on this famous case focuses on its conventionally significant features: the case itself, the legal records, the judges and lawyers, their ideologies and biographies, and the significance of the case in the Lincoln-Douglas debates, in the Civil War, in the Reconstruction Amendments and in the Reconstruction Court. No one has I Professor of Law and Faculty Scholar. University of Iowa College of La%% I %sould like to thank Laura Cooper and her family for their hospitality as I read Laurence Taltaferro's papers in Minneapolhs I would also like to thank Bill Nelson, Cass Sunstem. Leslie Schwalm. Medc Weiner. Jon Carlson. Margaret Raymond, Thomas Shaw, and Paul Finkelman for insightful comments on earlier %ersionsof this work. Research credit must go as well to Lisa Emesti. Bridgett Williams. John Searles. and Gerald Bosch. who tackled some of the thorniest research issues with skill and aplomb. It J.D., 1996, Yale Law School; Associate, 1996-97. Ropes & Gray: Clerk. 1997-98. Judge Thomas. Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals. I would like to thank my parents and Charles McGuire for their patience and support throughout the process of preparing this Article.
    [Show full text]
  • 13 Ways of Looking at Dred Scott
    THIRTEEN WAYS OF LOOKING AT DRED SCOTT JACK M. BALKIN & SANFORD LEVINSON* I know noble accents And lucid inescapable rhythms; But I know, too, That the blackbird is involved In what I know. -Wallace Stevens, Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird INTRODUCTION Wallace Stevens found in the blackbird an inexhaustible source of dif- ferent perspectives. One could say the same of Dred Scott v. Sandford.' A full 150 years after it was handed down, Dred Scott still fascinates and bedevils constitutional theorists and political scientists. It is truly a classic case whose meaning seems magically to make itself relevant as new situa- tions and problems arise. No matter how much we think we understand the noble accents and inescapable rhythms of law and political science, we discover that Dred Scott, like the blackbird, is involved in what we know. In March of 2006, the two of us, along with Paul Finkelman, organized a conference at the University of Texas to commemorate the upcoming 150th anniversary of the 1857 decision. The more we talked about Dred Scott, the more we discovered that it could not easily be buried in the past. It was still with us in countless ways; indeed we found that Dred Scott was relevant to almost every important question of contemporary constitutional theory. And so, in this essay, we offer a baker's dozen reasons why Dred Scott * Jack M. Balkin is Knight Professor of Constitutional Law and the First Amendment at Yale Law School. Sanford Levinson holds the W. St. John Garwood and W. St. John Garwood, Jr., Chair at University of Texas School of Law.
    [Show full text]
  • Famous Missourians GCR#2.Indd
    45 Famous MissouriansTriva, Quotes and More on Famous Missourians for Students of All Ages WEDNESDAY, JAN. 30, 2019 We hope you learn a little about our great state of Missouri and these famous Missourians. This list is by no means all the famous Missourians, it’s not even the top 45, it’s just a good cross section. If there is a famous Missourian you would like to see in a future edition just let us know. Maya Angelou ................. page 2 George Washington Redd Foxx ..................... page 10 J.C. Penney ...................... page 4 Bob Barker ...................... page 2 Carver ..................... page 12 John Goodman .............. page 15 John Pershing .................. page 8 Yogi Berra ....................... page 2 Don Cheadle .................... page 4 Robert Calvin Hubbard ... page 16 Brad Pitt ......................... page 5 Chuck Berry ................... page 12 William Clark ................. page 10 Jesse James ................... page 11 Joseph Pulitzer .............. page 14 Linda Bloodworth- Pheobe Couzin ............... page 12 Don Johnson .................. page 15 Ginger Rogers .................. page 5 Thomason ................. page 3 Walter Cronkite ............... page 7 Meriwether Lewis .......... page 10 Harriet Robinson Scott ... page 16 Daniel Boone ................... page 3 Sheryl Crow ..................... page 7 Rush Limbaugh ............... page 8 Clarence Thomas .............. page 6 Omar Nelson Bradley ..... page 14 Walt Disney ..................... page 7 Joyce Meyer ....................
    [Show full text]
  • Thirteen Ways of Looking at Dred Scott
    Chicago-Kent Law Review Volume 82 Issue 1 Symposium: 150th Anniversary of the Article 3 Dred Scott Decision December 2006 Thirteen Ways of Looking at Dred Scott Jack M. Balkin Sanford Levinson Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.kentlaw.iit.edu/cklawreview Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Jack M. Balkin & Sanford Levinson, Thirteen Ways of Looking at Dred Scott, 82 Chi.-Kent L. Rev. 49 (2007). Available at: https://scholarship.kentlaw.iit.edu/cklawreview/vol82/iss1/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarly Commons @ IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Chicago-Kent Law Review by an authorized editor of Scholarly Commons @ IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. THIRTEEN WAYS OF LOOKING AT DRED SCOTT JACK M. BALKIN & SANFORD LEVINSON* I know noble accents And lucid inescapable rhythms; But I know, too, That the blackbird is involved In what I know. -Wallace Stevens, Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird INTRODUCTION Wallace Stevens found in the blackbird an inexhaustible source of dif- ferent perspectives. One could say the same of Dred Scott v. Sandford.' A full 150 years after it was handed down, Dred Scott still fascinates and bedevils constitutional theorists and political scientists. It is truly a classic case whose meaning seems magically to make itself relevant as new situa- tions and problems arise. No matter how much we think we understand the noble accents and inescapable rhythms of law and political science, we discover that Dred Scott, like the blackbird, is involved in what we know.
    [Show full text]
  • Community Culture and History Overviews
    4 Community Culture and History Overviews m, RETHINKING I-94 RETHINKING I-94 COMMUNITY CULTURE AND HISTORY OVERVIEWS Submitted To: MnDOT March 2017 Rethinking I-94 Community Culture and History Overviews Submitted to: Brian Isaacson Minnesota Department of Transportation 395 John Ireland Blvd. St. Paul, MN 55155 Emilie Hitch Rabbit 401 N 1st Ave, 2nd floor Minneapolis, MN 55401 Submitted by: 106 Group 1295 Bandana Blvd #335 St. Paul, MN 55108 Authors: Nicole Foss, M.A. Erin Que, M.A. Kelly Wilder, J.D. Map Designer: Andrew Devich March 2017 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................... 1 AMERICAN INDIAN COMMUNITIES ............................................................. 5 EURO-AMERICAN COMMUNITIES .............................................................. 12 AFRICAN AMERICAN COMMUNITIES ........................................................ 20 ASIAN AMERICAN COMMUNITIES ............................................................. 27 LATINO COMMUNITIES ............................................................................. 34 RECENT AFRICAN COMMUNITIES ............................................................ 40 SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS ....................................................... 44 REFERENCES CITED ................................................................................. 45 Page intentionally left blank INTRODUCTION PURPOSE AND GOALS The purpose of the community overviews is to provide historical and cultural background
    [Show full text]
  • Onsite Educational Programming
    Contact: Merissa Blum, 215-409-6645 [email protected] Civil War and Reconstruction: The Battle for Freedom and Equality Onsite Educational Programming In conjunction with the opening of the new permanent exhibit, Civil War and Reconstruction: The Battle for Freedom and Equality, and the ongoing commemorations of the 150th anniversaries of the American Civil War and the Reconstruction period, the National Constitution Center will offer various onsite educational programs to engage visitors of all ages with this pivotal era in constitutional history. The onsite experience will introduce visitors to central topics, including slavery in the Constitution, the Civil War and the role of the federal government, citizenship, the goals of Reconstruction and its successes and failures, key figures of the era, and the legacy of Reconstruction today. Visitors will: Explore Civil War and Reconstruction: The Battle for Freedom and Equality, America’s first exhibit devoted to exploring how constitutional clashes over slavery set the stage for the Civil War, and how the nation transformed the Constitution after the war to more fully embrace the Declaration of Independence’s promise of freedom and equality. Encounter a short, theatrical performance in the 14th Amendment section of Civil War and Reconstruction highlighting Frances Ellen Watkins Harper, a key African-American figure from the Reconstruction era. Experience FOURTEEN, a moving theatrical performance that sheds new light on the Reconstruction era and the ratification of the 14th Amendment. Participate in a series of onsite programs, including hands-on document and artifact workshops, engaging educator-led shows, exhibit tours, and reflective conversations. Exhibit Guide Available in the fall: There will be a printed guide to accompany the Civil War and Reconstruction onsite experience, available to all visitors.
    [Show full text]