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THE PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY SCHREYER HONORS COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY THE ROLE OF WOMEN IN THE 1857 DRED SCOTT CASE: THE STORIES OF IRENE EMERSON AND HARRIET, ELIZA, AND LIZZIE SCOTT CAITLYN EDGELL SPRING 2018 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for baccalaureate degrees in History, English, and Political Science with honors in History Reviewed and approved* by the following: Anne C. Rose Distinguished Professor of History and Religious Studies Thesis Supervisor Kathryn Salzer Associate Professor of History Honors Adviser * Signatures are on file in the Schreyer Honors College. i ABSTRACT The 1857 Dred Scott v. John F.A. Sandford decision was the culmination of an eleven- year legal battle that began in the St. Louis Circuit Court. The court battle began on April 6, 1846, when Dred Scott and his wife, Harriet, both filed suit against their widowed owner, Irene Emerson, alleging trespass for assault and false imprisonment. Harriet’s case was immediately combined with her husband’s, meaning that the fate of his case would determine the futures of Harriet and the couple’s daughters, Eliza and Lizzie. Domesticity reigned as an ideology within the country, yet women were gaining some legal power, as demonstrated by Irene Emerson. While Irene was allowed to own property and be sued in court, she seems to have permitted male relatives, such as her brother, to act on her behalf. On the other hand, Harriet Scott had the right to file a suit before the court, but the combination of her suit with her husband’s, even if she was the impetus for the filing of the suit, further illuminates the limitation on the rights of women, both African American and white.
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