The Working Definition of Antisemitism – Six Years After
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French Antisemitism in the Press from 1894 to 1945
Bastions or Brutes: French Antisemitism in the Press from 1894 to 1945 Nathan J. Johnson Texas Tech University 1 Abstract: Modern Era Europe, a time strife with power struggle, nationalistic growth, and scarred people and landscapes. France, a country unsheltered from the era’s terrors, faced a great struggle not unique to the rest of Europe; a country, a political mechanism, and populations of people supporting and accelerating Antisemitic beliefs. The once brave bastions of freedom once again fell into tyranny - a self-tyranny in a sense - where racism and antisemitism ruled their agendas. Beginning with Alfred Dreyfus and his exile and still propagating to this day, the Free French have become less about freedom and more about oppression and purification. At the root of this evil stood several major French publications, pushing a political mechanism. How were these publications controlled, were they under ideological control of the government? Are the journalists of these publications under guise of the propaganda machine or are they free thinking individuals who whole heartedly see the Jewish population to blame for major French downfalls? Are the “freedom fighters”, who are writing in protection of the Jewish population, doing so by way of clear conscious or career incentivization? What personal risks do these journalists take from the burden of speaking their truths? Also, as the period progresses and the 20th century truly takes hold, are the antisemitic beliefs held by the French remnants of the Dreyfus Affair, or are they influenced by current ideas held in Nazi Germany? 2 Introduction: Modern French history is ripe with triumph and exhilaration, but also stress, disruptions, and mistakes. -
Piyasa Meydan Muharebesi Kaç Gün Sürer?
Ve huzurlarınızda KETÖ! zun süredir fısıltı halinde duğu, ülkenin tren kazasıyla il- U dolaşan ve “Sıra onlara gili soru sorma ihtimallerinin da gelecek” listesinde yukarı- belirdiği bir zamanda. Moda larda olan kitleden biriydi Ad- tabirle, zamanlaması mani- nan Hoca ve Kedicikleri… Dün dar bir operasyondu yapılan. sürpriz bir operasyon ile Adnan Ki Cem Küçük gibi iktidar tetik- Hoca ve grubuna bağlı 235 kişi çilerinin “bir süre ortalıklarda gözaltına alındı. Tam da dola- görünme” talimatını yerine ge- rın fırladığı, borsanın dibe vur- tirmişti. NACI KARADAĞ’IN YORUMU 7’DE Sıcağa çarpılmayın! ARKA SAYFA’DA GÜNLÜK E-GAZETE — SAYI: 536 12 TEMMUZ 2018 PERŞEMBE WWW.TR724.COM — @TR724COM Unutulan sistem Catenaccio yeniden mi doğuyor! HASAN CÜCÜK’ÜN HABER YORUMU 14’TE Piyasa Meydan Muharebesi kaç gün sürer? ürkiye ekonomi cephesinde kriz- laşılmaya başlandı. Yasama, yürütme “Doları kimin yükselttiğini biliyoruz, T den çıkmak için son fırsatı 24 ve yargı artık Erdoğan’ın iki dudağı- hesabını verecekler.” ültimatomu ile Haziran 2018 Pazar günü heba etti. nın arasında. Erdoğan kararname muharebenin koordinatları hakkın- Aile şirketi gibi idare etme vekâletini ile devleti kendi tasavvur ettiği çiz- da hayli ipucu vermişti. Erdoğan ken- seçimde Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi giye çekiyor. AKP mahallesinde bile, disini başkomutan olarak görebilir. (AKP) lideri Recep Tayyip Erdoğan’a “Bu kadarı da ayıp. O kadar yetişmiş Amma velakin yatırımcı kurşun as- veren 26 milyon kişi (yüzde 52) irtifa insan varken Hazine’nin anahtarını ker ne de piyasa muharebe yapıla- kaybeden uçağın sert iniş yapmasını damada vermenin müdafaa edilecek cak bir meydanıdır. “İlle de çarpışaca- tercih etti. Piyasa Erdoğan’ın başkan bir tarafı yok.” sesleri yükseliyor. -
Contemporary Antisemitism in Three Dimensions: a New Framework for Analysis
Contemporary Antisemitism in Three Dimensions: A New Framework for Analysis Johannes Due Enstad∗ Preprint (May 2021) Abstract What characterizes the global development of antisemitism in the 21st century, and why does it affect some countries more than others? Current frameworks are unable to provide comprehensive answers to this important question. Existing studies tend to operationalize antisemitism too narrowly, using a single indicator of the phenomenon. Moreover, their scope tends to be restricted to a specific national or ideological context. The resulting nearsightedness fails to capture the conceptual breadth of antisemitism and precludes discovery of cross-national patterns and trends over time, which in turn hinders development of testable hypotheses about why antisemitism varies across space and time. To advance the study of antisemitism empirically and theoretically, this article proposes a new analytical framework composed of three key indicators: antisemitic attitudes, incidents targeting Jews, and Jews’ exposure to antisemitism. Reviewing extant data on these indicators, the article finds that: (1) attitudes vary considerably by geographic and cultural region as well as among population sub-groups; (2) current incident data do not enable cross-national comparison, but global incident levels have fluctuated on a relatively high level after 2000; and (3) Jews’ exposure to antisemitism appears relatively high and stable over the past decade, with some notable temporal and spatial variation, and is not tied to levels of antisemitic attitudes in the way one might expect. Employing the three-dimensional framework enables the formation of a more accurate and nuanced picture of how antisemitism is developing, and helps identify unresolved questions and hypotheses to guide future research. -
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EUROPEAN JEWISH DIGEST: LOOKING AT THE HEADLINES ACROSS JEWISH EUROPE VOLUME 2, ISSUE 3: MARCH 2015 1 / ISSUES CONCERNING ANTISEMITISM Violence, Vandalism & Abuse There were several instances of violent and abusive antisemitism in Europe during March. In France, two Jewish teenagers were robbed and beaten after leaving a synagogue in Marseilles. The two assailants allegedly said to the victims “dirty Jews, we will exterminate all of you.” Both teenagers required medical attention. In Austria, a Jewish man wearing a Star of David necklace was attacked in a shopping centre in St. Pölten. The victim said that he was taunted by a group of men with antisemitic insults, after which one of them attacked him. The police quickly arrested the attacker, who whilst admitting to the attack, denied that it was motivated by antisemitism. In the UK, while carrying out an experiment similar to one undertaken by another reporter in Paris in February, Jewish journalist Jonathan Kalmus was subjected to antisemitic abuse and insults when walking in Manchester and Bradford wearing a kippah. In Bradford, he was stalked by a man who repeatedly took pictures of him and endured shouts of “you Jew,” “fight the Jewish scum” and “you’re a Jew, not a Muslim... Jew, Jew, Jew run!” However, in one positive moment in a coffee shop, a Muslim man, wearing traditional Islamic dress stood up, raised his hand and welcome him with “Shalom, Shalom”. In response to this, Prime Minister David Cameron said “there are no excuses for the shocking antisemitism filmed in Manchester and Bradford. The idea that Jewish people feel unsafe again in Europe strikes at the heart of everything we stand for. -
Gender, Wasser Und Konflikt“
Integration von Genderperspektiven in der technischen Zusammenarbeit in Konfliktgebieten – das Beispiel der Wasserversorgung im Ramallah Distrikt Natalie Mutlak Dissertation zur Erlangung des Grades eines Doktors der Ingenieurwissenschaften - Dr. Ing. - Vorgelegt im Fachbereich 3 (Mathematik & Informatik) der Universität Bremen im September 2012 Gutachterinnen Prof. Dr. Ines Weller Artec-Forschungszentrum Nachhaltigkeit Universität Bremen Prof. Dr. Susanne Maaß Arbeitsgruppe "Soziotechnische Systemgestaltung und Gender" Fachbereich 3 (Mathematik & Informatik) Universität Bremen Prof. Dr. Christine Eifler Zentrum Gender Studies (ZGS) Universität Bremen Tag des Kollquiums: 1. Februar 2013 ii Danksagung Mein Dank gilt der Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung, die mich in den Genuss eines dreijährigen Promotionsstipendiums kommen ließ, den Leiterinnen des zweiten Gunda-Werner-Kollegs „Genderdynamiken in gewaltförmigen Konflikten“ Christine Eifler und Ruth Seifert sowie dem Zentrum Gender Studies (ZGS) an der Universität Bremen (ZGS), dessen Infrastruktur wir StipendiatInnen nutzen konnten. Mein besonderer Dank gilt meinen Betreuerinnen und Gutachterinnen Ines Weller und Christine Eifler für ihre wertvolle Unterstützung und Geduld. Ohne ihr offenes Ohr, das sie während der gesamten Zeit der Dissertation stets für mich hatten, ihre unzähligen inhaltlichen Anregungen und ihre unschätzbare Unterstützung in organisatorischen Angelegenheiten wäre diese Arbeit nicht möglich gewesen. Ebenso möchte ich meiner Gutachterin Susanne Maaß danken. Meinen Mit-Kollegiatinnen -
Antisemitism in the United States Report of an Expert Consultation
Antisemitism in the United States Report of an Expert Consultation Organized by AJC’s Jacob Blaustein Institute for the Advancement of Human Rights in Cooperation with UN Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Religion or Belief, Dr. Ahmed Shaheed 10-11 April 2019, New York City Introduction On March 5, 2019, the United Nations Special Rapporteur on freedom of religion or belief, Dr. Ahmed Shaheed, announced that he was preparing a thematic report on global antisemitism to be presented to the UN General Assembly in New York in the fall of 2019. The Special Rapporteur requested that the Jacob Blaustein Institute for the Advancement of Human Rights (JBI) organize a consultation that would provide him with information about antisemitism in the United States as he carried out his broader research. In response, JBI organized a two-day expert consultation on Wednesday, April 10 and Thursday, April 11, 2019 at AJC’s Headquarters in New York. Participants discussed how antisemitism is manifested in the U.S., statistics and trends concerning antisemitic hate crimes, and government and civil society responses to the problem. This event followed an earlier consultation in Geneva, Switzerland convened by JBI for Dr. Shaheed in June 2018 on global efforts to monitor and combat antisemitism and engaging the United Nations human rights system to address this problem.1 I. Event on April 10, 2019: Antisemitism in the United States: An Overview On April 10, several distinguished historians and experts offered their perspectives on antisemitism in the United States. In addition to the Special Rapporteur, Professor Deborah Lipstadt (Emory University), Professor Jonathan Sarna (Brandeis University), Professor Rebecca Kobrin (Columbia University), Rabbi David Saperstein (former U.S. -
The Historical Origins of Antisemitism
THE HISTORICAL ORIGINS OF ANTISEMITISM …Let me give you my honest advice. First, their synagogues or churches should be set on fire, and whatever does not burn up should be covered or spread over so that no one may ever be able to see a cinder of it. And this ought to be done for the honor of God and Christianity… (Martin Luther, 1543) When Wilhelm Marr, a 19th Century German journalist, coined the term antisemitism, he was giving a new expression to a very old hatred. Antisemitism, the hatred of Jews and Judaism, has roots of ancient origin, pre-dating the Christian era and evolving throughout the Middle Ages into the modern era. Throughout their history, Jews have been the victims of a persistent pattern of persecution, culminating finally in the 20th Century in mass murder. The term denoting hatred of the Jews – antisemitism – is spelled here and hereafter unhyphenated and in the lower case. This spelling is more historically and etymologically correct since “Semitic” refers not to a race of people, as Marr and other racists of his time wrongly believed, but to a group of languages which includes Arabic as well as Hebrew. Hence, the oft-used spelling “anti-Semitism” means, literally, a prejudice against Semitic-speaking people, not the hatred of people adhering to the Jewish religion and culture. ANTISEMITISM DURING THE PRE-CHRISTIAN ERA Expressions of anti-Jewish prejudice appeared as early as the 4th Century B.C.E. in Greece and Egypt, whose people drew stark distinction between themselves and others, whom they regarded as “strangers,” “foreigners,” or “barbarians.” Jewish religious practice, based as it was on an uncompromising monotheism and strict adherence to their religious laws and social customs, only heightened endemic suspicions and excited hostility in societies already prone to ethnocentric excess. -
MWP WP Template 2013
MWP 2017/08 Max Weber Programme Xenophobic Manifestations, Otherness and Violence in Greece 1996-2016: Evidence from an Event Analysis of Media Collections AuthorIoannis AuthorGalariotis, and VasilikiAuthor AuthorGeorgiadou, Anastasia Kafe and Zinovia Lialiouti European University Institute Max Weber Programme Xenophobic Manifestations, Otherness and Violence in Greece 1996-2016: Evidence from an Event Analysis of Media Collections Ioannis Galariotis, Vasiliki Georgiadou, Anastasia Kafe and Zinovia Lialiouti EUI Working Paper MWP 2017/08 This text may be downloaded for personal research purposes only. Any additional reproduction for other purposes, whether in hard copy or electronically, requires the consent of the author(s), editor(s). If cited or quoted, reference should be made to the full name of the author(s), editor(s), the title, the working paper or other series, the year, and the publisher. ISSN 1830-7728 © Ioannis Galariotis, Vasiliki Georgiadou, Anastasia Kafe and Zinovia Lialiouti, 2017 Printed in Italy European University Institute Badia Fiesolana I – 50014 San Domenico di Fiesole (FI) Italy www.eui.eu cadmus.eui.eu Abstract Research on xenophobia in Europe has recently received much attention in various academic disciplines. The existing scholarly debate focuses more on older patterns of xenophobia emerging as forms of ‘non-violent discrimination and segregation’ but pays less attention to xenophobia as a violent practice per se. This study attempts to examine xenophobia in Greece by employing an event extraction technique: we track violent attacks by Greek citizens on any kind of ‘foreigners’ by analysing a vast amount of text data available from newspapers and news websites over a twenty-year period: 1996-2015. -
Final 15/02/2008
CONSEIL COUNCIL DE L’EUROPE OF EUROPE COUR EUROPÉENNE DES DROITS DE L’HOMME EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS FIRST SECTION CASE OF PFEIFER v. AUSTRIA (Application no. 12556/03) JUDGMENT STRASBOURG 15 November 2007 FINAL 15/02/2008 This judgment will become final in the circumstances set out in Article 44 § 2 of the Convention. It may be subject to editorial revision. PFEIFER v. AUSTRIA JUDGMENT 1 In the case of Pfeifer v. Austria, The European Court of Human Rights (First Section), sitting as a Chamber composed of: Mr L. LOUCAIDES, President, Mrs N. VAJIĆ, Mr A. KOVLER, Mr K. HAJIYEV, Mr D. SPIELMANN, Mr S.E. JEBENS, judges, Mr H. SCHÄFFER, ad hoc judge, and Mr S. NIELSEN, Section Registrar, Having deliberated in private on 18 October 2007, Delivers the following judgment, which was adopted on that date: PROCEDURE 1. The case originated in an application (no. 12556/03) against the Republic of Austria lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (“the Convention”) by an Austrian national, Mr Karl Pfeifer (“the applicant”), on 7 April 2003. 2. The applicant was represented by Lansky, Ganzger and Partners, lawyers practising in Vienna. The Austrian Government (“the Government”) were represented by their Agent, Ambassador F. Trauttmansdorff, Head of the International Law Department at the Federal Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 3. The applicant alleged that the Austrian courts had failed to protect his reputation against defamatory allegations made in a magazine. 4. The application was allocated to the First Section of the Court (Rule 52 § 1 of the Rules of Court). -
We're Not Nazis, But…
August 2014 American ideals. Universal values. Acknowledgements On human rights, the United States must be a beacon. This report was made possible by the generous Activists fighting for freedom around the globe continue to support of the David Berg Foundation and Arthur & look to us for inspiration and count on us for support. Toni Rembe Rock. Upholding human rights is not only a moral obligation; it’s Human Rights First has for many years worked to a vital national interest. America is strongest when our combat hate crimes, antisemitism and anti-Roma policies and actions match our values. discrimination in Europe. This report is the result of Human Rights First is an independent advocacy and trips by Sonni Efron and Tad Stahnke to Greece and action organization that challenges America to live up to Hungary in April, 2014, and to Greece in May, 2014, its ideals. We believe American leadership is essential in as well as interviews and consultations with a wide the struggle for human rights so we press the U.S. range of human rights activists, government officials, government and private companies to respect human national and international NGOs, multinational rights and the rule of law. When they don’t, we step in to bodies, scholars, attorneys, journalists, and victims. demand reform, accountability, and justice. Around the We salute their courage and dedication, and give world, we work where we can best harness American heartfelt thanks for their counsel and assistance. influence to secure core freedoms. We are also grateful to the following individuals for We know that it is not enough to expose and protest their work on this report: Tamas Bodoky, Maria injustice, so we create the political environment and Demertzian, Hanna Kereszturi, Peter Kreko, Paula policy solutions necessary to ensure consistent respect Garcia-Salazar, Hannah Davies, Erica Lin, Jannat for human rights. -
Parallel Journeys:Parallel Teacher’S Guide
Teacher’s Parallel Journeys: The Holocaust through the Eyes of Teens Guide GRADES 9 -12 Phone: 470 . 578 . 2083 historymuseum.kennesaw.edu Parallel Journeys: The Holocaust through the Eyes of Teens Teacher’s Guide Teacher’s Table of Contents About this Teacher’s Guide.............................................................................................................. 3 Overview ............................................................................................................................................. 4 Georgia Standards of Excellence Correlated with These Activities ...................................... 5 Guidelines for Teaching about the Holocaust .......................................................................... 12 CORE LESSON Understanding the Holocaust: “Tightening the Noose” – All Grades | 5th – 12th ............................ 15 5th Grade Activities 1. Individual Experiences of the Holocaust .......................................................................... 18 2. Propaganda and Dr. Seuss .................................................................................................. 20 3. Spiritual Resistance and the Butterfly Project .................................................................. 22 4. Responding to the St. Louis ............................................................................................... 24 5. Mapping the War and the Holocaust ................................................................................. 25 6th, 7th, and 8th Grade Activities -
Manifestations of Antisemitism in the EU 2002 - 2003
Manifestations of Antisemitism in the EU 2002 - 2003 Based on information by the National Focal Points of the RAXEN Information Network Manifestations of Antisemitism in the EU 2002 – 2003 Based on information by the National Focal Points of the EUMC - RAXEN Information Network EUMC - Manifestations of Antisemitism in the EU 2002 - 2003 2 EUMC – Manifestations of Antisemitism in the EU 2002 – 2003 Foreword Following concerns from many quarters over what seemed to be a serious increase in acts of antisemitism in some parts of Europe, especially in March/April 2002, the EUMC asked the 15 National Focal Points of its Racism and Xenophobia Network (RAXEN) to direct a special focus on antisemitism in its data collection activities. This comprehensive report is one of the outcomes of that initiative. It represents the first time in the EU that data on antisemitism has been collected systematically, using common guidelines for each Member State. The national reports delivered by the RAXEN network provide an overview of incidents of antisemitism, the political, academic and media reactions to it, information from public opinion polls and attitude surveys, and examples of good practice to combat antisemitism, from information available in the years 2002 – 2003. On receipt of these national reports, the EUMC then asked an independent scholar, Dr Alexander Pollak, to make an evaluation of the quality and availability of this data on antisemitism in each country, and identify problem areas and gaps. The country-by-country information provided by the 15 National Focal Points, and the analysis by Dr Pollak, form Chapter 1 and Chapter 2 of this report respectively.