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We're Not Nazis, But… August 2014 American ideals. Universal values. Acknowledgements On human rights, the United States must be a beacon. This report was made possible by the generous Activists fighting for freedom around the globe continue to support of the David Berg Foundation and Arthur & look to us for inspiration and count on us for support. Toni Rembe Rock. Upholding human rights is not only a moral obligation; it’s Human Rights First has for many years worked to a vital national interest. America is strongest when our combat hate crimes, antisemitism and anti-Roma policies and actions match our values. discrimination in Europe. This report is the result of Human Rights First is an independent advocacy and trips by Sonni Efron and Tad Stahnke to Greece and action organization that challenges America to live up to Hungary in April, 2014, and to Greece in May, 2014, its ideals. We believe American leadership is essential in as well as interviews and consultations with a wide the struggle for human rights so we press the U.S. range of human rights activists, government officials, government and private companies to respect human national and international NGOs, multinational rights and the rule of law. When they don’t, we step in to bodies, scholars, attorneys, journalists, and victims. demand reform, accountability, and justice. Around the We salute their courage and dedication, and give world, we work where we can best harness American heartfelt thanks for their counsel and assistance. influence to secure core freedoms. We are also grateful to the following individuals for We know that it is not enough to expose and protest their work on this report: Tamas Bodoky, Maria injustice, so we create the political environment and Demertzian, Hanna Kereszturi, Peter Kreko, Paula policy solutions necessary to ensure consistent respect Garcia-Salazar, Hannah Davies, Erica Lin, Jannat for human rights. Whether we are protecting refugees, Majeed, Marton Sarkady-Nagy, and Helena Smith. combating torture, or defending persecuted minorities, we focus not on making a point, but on making a difference. −Sonni Efron and Tad Stahnke For over 30 years, we’ve built bipartisan coalitions and teamed up with frontline activists and lawyers to tackle issues that demand American leadership. Human Rights First is a nonprofit, nonpartisan international human rights organization based in New York and Washington D.C. To maintain our independence, we accept no government funding. © 2014 Human Rights First All Rights Reserved. This report is available online at humanrightsfirst.org WHERE TO FIND US 333 Seventh Avenue, 13th Floor, 805 15th Street, N.W., #900 1303 San Jacinto Street, 9th Floor New York, NY 10001 Washington, DC 20005 Houston, TX 77002 Tel: 212.845.5200 Tel: 202.547.5692 Tel: 713.955.1360 Fax: 212.845.5299 Fax: 202.543.5999 Fax: 713.955.1359 human rights first.org “We are not racist or Nazi, but there is a problem with the Roma and we need to talk about that.” –Zoltan Fuzessy, Jobbik Spokesman, May 2009 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Recommendations ....................................................................................... 1 To the U.S. Government ............................................................................................ 1 Ten Things President Obama Can Do Now ........................................................................ 1 Additional Recommendations on Hungary ......................................................................... 2 Additional Recommendations on Greece ........................................................................... 3 To the U.S. Congress ................................................................................................. 5 On Hungary ............................................................................................................................ 5 On Greece .............................................................................................................................. 6 To the European Commission .................................................................................. 7 On Hungary ............................................................................................................................ 7 On Greece .............................................................................................................................. 7 To the Government of Hungary ................................................................................ 8 General Recommendations .................................................................................................. 8 Hate Crime Recommendations ............................................................................................ 8 Legislative Recommendations ............................................................................................. 9 To the Government of Greece ................................................................................. 10 Recommendations to the Government ............................................................................. 10 Recommendations to the Parliament ................................................................................ 12 2. Executive Summary ................................................................................... 13 Key Findings ............................................................................................................ 13 3. Introduction ................................................................................................ 16 4. Why It Matters: A Geopolitical Overview .................................................. 24 Antisemitic, Racist Parties Threaten the E.U. from Within ................................... 24 The Far-Right Challenge to the Transatlantic Alliance ......................................... 26 Hungary ................................................................................................................................ 27 Greece................................................................................................................................... 31 The Russian Connection ......................................................................................... 32 Economic Factors: It Isn’t Just About Money ........................................................ 35 Conclusion: The United States Needs a Strategy ................................................. 37 5. Hungary ....................................................................................................... 39 Jobbik: Bad and On the Rise .................................................................................. 39 Origins of Jobbik ................................................................................................................. 39 Jobbik Rises to National and European Parliaments ...................................................... 42 Factors Leading to Jobbik’s Rise: Organization, Ideology, Identity .............................. 43 Antisemitic, Anti-Roma, Homophobic ............................................................................... 46 Jobbik today ........................................................................................................................ 54 More Extreme than Jobbik: The Shadow Groups .................................................. 57 The 64 Counties Youth Movement ..................................................................................... 58 The Hungarian National Front ............................................................................................ 58 Pax Hungarica ...................................................................................................................... 59 The Outlaws Army ............................................................................................................... 59 Hate Violence ........................................................................................................... 60 Government Hasn’t Adequately Confronted Hate Crimes .............................................. 60 New Steps to Address Extremist Violence ....................................................................... 61 Orban: Increasingly Problematic U.S. Ally ............................................................. 62 Retreats from Democracy, Human Rights, and the Rule of Law .................................... 62 Makes It Easier to Amend the Constitution ...................................................................... 64 Rewrites the Election Law to Favor Itself ......................................................................... 65 April Election: Free But Not Fair ........................................................................................ 66 Erodes Checks and Balances ............................................................................................ 66 Weakens the Judiciary ........................................................................................................ 67 Restricts Religious Freedoms ............................................................................................ 68 Restricts Media Freedom .................................................................................................... 68 After Re-election, Cracks Down on NGOs ........................................................................ 69 Co-opts Jobbik’s Agenda ................................................................................................... 70 Pursues Revisionist History ..............................................................................................
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